TO Category:
Garage mechanic
An indicative list of basic operations Maintenance car
Daily maintenance
Test papers.
1. Inspect the vehicle for external damage. Check its completeness, the condition of the cab, platform (body), glass, rear-view mirrors, sun visor, plumage, license plates, serviceability of door mechanisms, the locking mechanism of the tilting cab, locks on the sides of the platform, the engine hood and trunk, the condition of the frame, springs, wheels , tires, fifth wheel and towing device.
2. Check the operation of the taximeter, lighting and alarm devices, sound signal, windscreen wipers, windscreen washers, ventilation systems, and in winter - heating systems and windscreen heaters.
3. Check the condition of the power steering, steering drive and steering wheel free play.
4. Check the tightness of the power steering, brake drive, power supply, lubrication and cooling system, platform lifting mechanism of the dump truck by inspection.
5. Check the operation of units, assemblies, systems and instrumentation of the vehicle on the move. Stop the engine and check by ear the operation of the centrifugal oil filter. Eliminate faults if necessary.
Cleaning and washing works.
6. Clean the cab and platform (body).
7. Wash and dry the vehicle and, if necessary, sanitize it.
8. Wipe off the rear-view mirrors, headlights, sidelights, direction indicators, taillights and brake lights, cab windows, as well as license plates.
Lubrication, cleaning and filling works. 9. Check the Level and, if necessary, add oil to the engine crankcase.
10. For vehicles with diesel engine check the oil level in the high pressure fuel pump and governor.
11. Check the fluid level in the cooling system and top up with water if necessary. When parking the car, drain the condensate from the moisture-oil separator filter and air cylinders of the pneumatic brake drive, sediment from the fuel filters, fuel tank(for vehicles with diesel engines). In winter, drain the water from the engine cooling system and the starting heater, and before starting the engine, fill the cooling system with hot water or connect the engine to the heating system.
12. Check the fuel level in the tank and, if necessary, fill it with fuel.
1. Check the condition of the floor, steps, seats, windows and doors of the bus by inspection.
2. Check the tightness pneumatic system and the operation of door opening mechanisms.
3. Check the operation of the signaling from the passenger compartment to the driver, lighting devices in the passenger compartment and steps, side lights and route indicators.
4. Check the serviceability of the ventilation system, and in the cold season and the interior heating system.
5. Check the condition of the body base, air suspension bellows and springs by inspection.
6. For buses operating without a conductor, check the condition of the accumulators and composters.
7. Check the serviceability of the loudspeaker equipment.
8. To clean the interior, clean the upholstery of the backs and seat cushions.
9. Empty used ticket boxes.
First maintenance.
Control and diagnostic, fastening and adjustment work. General inspection of the car.
1. Inspect the car. Check the condition of the cab, platform (body), glass, rear-view mirrors, plumage, license plates, serviceability of door mechanisms, serviceability of locks on the sides of the platform, engine hood and trunk, as well as the towing device.
2. Check the operation of the windscreen wipers, the windscreen washer device, the ventilation system, and in winter - the heating system and the windscreen heating and blower device.
Engine including cooling and lubrication systems.
3. Inspect by inspection the tightness of the lubrication and cooling systems of the engine and the starting heater, as well as the attachment to the engine of the equipment and, if necessary, repair the malfunctions.
4. Check the condition and, if necessary, adjust the tension of the drive belts.
5. Check and, if necessary, fix the pipes and exhaust pipes of the muffler.
6. Check and, if necessary, secure the motor.
Clutch.
7. Check the action of the return spring and, if necessary, adjust the free travel of the clutch pedal.
Transmission.
8. Check and, if necessary, fix the gearbox and its components.
Hydromechanical transmission.
9. Check the fastening of the hydromechanical transmission.
10. Check the backlash in the hinge and spline joints. cardan transmission, condition and fastening of the intermediate support and, if necessary, fasten the flanges cardan shaft.
Rear axle.
11. Check the fastening and absence of leaks in the connections of the rear axle.
12. Check and, if necessary, fix the gearbox housing, axle shaft flanges and wheel drive covers.
13. Check the tightness of the power steering system.
14. Check the fastening and splitting of the nuts of the ball pins, the bipod, the levers of the pivot pins, the condition of the lock washers of the pivot nuts and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions.
15. Check the fastening of the steering wheel, the backlash of the steering, as well as the backlash in the joints of the steering rods.
Brake system.
16. Check the condition of the compressor and the pressure generated by it.
17. Check the condition and tightness of the pipelines and devices of the brake system and, if necessary, eliminate the air leak or brake fluid.
18. Check the effectiveness of the brakes.
19. Check the pinning of the pins of the rods of the brake chambers of the pneumatic brake drive, the amount of free and working travel of the brake pedal and, if necessary, adjust the brakes.
20. Check and, if necessary, eliminate malfunctions of the brake valve of the pneumatic brake drive.
21. Check the serviceability of the drive and action hand brake and adjust it if necessary.
Chassis.
22. Check the condition of the frame, suspension units and parts and the towing device by inspection.
23. Check and, if necessary, secure the ladders, spring pins and wheels.
24. Check the condition of the tires and the air pressure in them, if necessary, bring the pressure to normal; remove foreign objects stuck in the protector.
25. Check the condition and operation of the locking mechanism, stop-limiter and safety device of the tilting cab.
26. Check the condition and operation of the locks, hinges and handles of the cab doors.
27. Check and, if necessary, fix the platform to the vehicle frame.
28. Check and, if necessary, fix the fenders, steps and wheel mud flaps.
Maintenance of the power supply system and electrical equipment. Supply system.
29. Check the condition of the power system devices by inspection, the tightness of their connections and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions.
30. For vehicles with a diesel engine, check the operation of the drive of the pump-injectors or the high-pressure pump, as well as the operation of the service and emergency stop of the engine.
Electrical equipment.
31. Clean the battery from dust, dirt and electrolyte traces, clean the ventilation openings, check the fastening and reliability of the contact of the wire tips with the output pins, the electrolyte level in the battery and, if necessary, top up with distilled water.
32. Check the action and, if necessary, eliminate malfunctions of the sound signal, instrument panel lamps, lighting and alarms, instrumentation, headlights, sidelights, rear lights, brake lights and light switches, and in winter, electrical devices for the heating system and a starting heater.
33. Lubricate the friction units and check the oil level in the crankcases and hydraulic drive tanks of the vehicle in accordance with the lubrication chart, check the brake fluid level in the hydraulic drive reservoir and the fluid in the reservoirs of the windshield washer and anti-freeze agent (in winter). Top up fluids and oils if necessary (or replace as scheduled).
34. Clean the gearbox and axle breathers.
35. Wash the air filters of the hydraulic brake booster.
36. Drain the condensate from the air cylinders of the pneumatic brake drive.
37. For cars with a diesel engine, drain the sediment from the fuel tank and filter housings for fine and coarse fuel cleaning, check the oil level in the high pressure fuel pump and speed governor.
38. When working in dusty conditions, replace the oil in the engine crankcase, drain sludge from the oil filter housings and clean the inner surface of the centrifugal oil filter housing cover from deposits; wash the bath and the filter element of the engine air filters and ventilation of its crankcase, the coarse filter, if its handle does not turn; clean the air intake nets on the hydromechanical transmission crankcase from dust and dirt.
Checking the car after service.
39. After servicing, check the operation of units, assemblies and instruments of the vehicle on the move.
Additional work on dump trucks and tractors.
1. Inspect by inspection the condition of the subframe, subframe beams and articulated joints of the platform lift, fifth wheel and towing device.
2. Check the condition and tightness of the oil-hoses connections, the operation of the platform lifting device, the condition of the platform safety stop and, if necessary, repair the malfunctions.
3 Check the condition of the tailgate and the function of its locking device.
4. Check the condition and, if necessary, fix: subframe; power take-off; platform tipping axle covers; connecting the rod and cylinder of the platform lifting device; spare wheel holder.
5. Check the oil level in the platform lift reservoir and top up or replace if necessary (as scheduled).
Specific work on buses and cars.
1. Check the condition of the frame, floor, upholstery of seats and backs, constipation of windows and hatches, handrails, brackets and, if necessary, repair the malfunctions.
2. Check the condition, attachment and operation of the side lights, route indicator and route number lamps.
3. Check the condition of the doors and their opening mechanisms, as well as the signaling from the passenger compartment to the driver.
4. Check the serviceability of the air suspension.
5. Check the condition of the trusses, side members of the body base and regulators of its position.
6. For buses operating without a conductor, check the condition of the composters and accumulation cash registers, their fastening, as well as the serviceability of the ticket feeder.
Second maintenance
Control and diagnostic, fastening and adjustment work.
General inspection of the car.
1. Inspect the car. Check the condition of the cab, platform (body), rear-view mirrors, plumage, license plates, serviceability of door mechanisms, locks on the platform sides, engine hood and trunk, as well as the towing device.
2. Check the operation of instrumentation, windscreen wipers, devices for washing, heating (in winter) and blowing the windshield.
Engine, including cooling (heating) and lubrication systems.
3. Check the tightness of the engine cooling system, heating system and starting heater by inspection and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions. Flush (2 times a year) the cooling system.
4. Check the condition and operation of the drive of the radiator blinds (curtains), the thermostat and the device for turning off the fan, and in winter - the insulation cover and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions.
5. Check and, if necessary, fix the radiator, its lining, louvers and hood.
6. Check and, if necessary, fix the fan.
7. Check the condition and, if necessary, adjust the tension of the drive belts.
8. Check the tightness of the lubrication system by inspection and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions.
9. Check the condition of the cylinder-piston group of the engine 2 times a year.
10. Check and, if necessary, secure the engine cylinder heads.
11. Check and, if necessary, adjust the clearances between the valve stems and rocker arms valve train(pushers) of the engine.
12. Check and, if necessary, fix the pipelines and exhaust pipes of the muffler, the sump of the engine crankcase and the sump of the clutch housing; for vehicles with diesel engine - air blower and speed governor crankshaft.
13. Check and, if necessary, fix the compressor.
14. Check and, if necessary, fix the engine to the frame.
15. When preparing for winter operation, check the condition and operation of the starting heater and other aids to facilitate starting the engine installed on the vehicle and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions.
Clutch.
16. Check the action of the retractor spring, free and full pedal travel, clutch and drive booster operation; adjust clutch and drive booster if necessary.
Transmission.
17. Check the condition and tightness of the gearbox by inspection, clean the breather.
18. Check and, if necessary, fix the gearbox and its components; check status and action remote control.
Hydromechanical transmission.
19. Check and, if necessary, adjust the slide valve control mechanism and secure the bearing cover.
20. Check and, if necessary, adjust the oil pressure in the system.
21. Check the serviceability of the oil temperature indicator lamp sensor.
Cardan transmission.
22. Check the backlash in the articulated and spline joints of the cardan transmission, the condition and fastening of the intermediate support and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions.
23. Check and, if necessary, fasten the flanges of the propeller shafts.
Rear axle.
24. Check the tightness of the connections and the condition of the rear axle housing by inspection, clean the breather.
25. Check the condition and, if necessary, fix the rear axle reducer and wheel drives.
Steering and the front axle.
26. Check the correct position of the front axle and the condition of its beam.
27. Check the tightness of the power steering system.
28. Check and adjust the amount of toe-in of the front wheels. In case of uneven and increased tire wear, check the camber, longitudinal and lateral slopes pivots and angles of rotation of the front wheels, as well as their balancing.
29. Check and, if necessary, fix the steering box housing, steering column and a steering wheel.
30. Check the backlash of the steering, the backlash in the joints of the steering rods and pivot joints, the fastening of the bipod.
31. Check the fastening and splitting of the nuts of the ball pins and the levers of the pivot pins, the fastening of the pivot nuts.
32. Check the condition of the propeller shaft of the steering drive and, if necessary, fix it.
Brake system.
33. Check the operation of the compressor and the pressure generated by it.
34. Check the condition and tightness of pipelines and brake system devices and, if necessary, eliminate air or brake fluid leaks.
35. Check and, if necessary, fix the brake valve drive, the master brake cylinder, the hydraulic vacuum or pneumatic booster.
36. Check and, if necessary, secure the air cylinders.
37. Remove the hubs with brake drums. Check the condition of the brake drums or discs, pads, linings, springs and wheel bearings and replace them if necessary.
38. Check and, if necessary, fix the brake chambers, brake chambers brackets and expanding cam supports, support brake discs of the front and rear wheels.
39. Change the grease in the wheel hubs, install the hubs in place and adjust the bearings.
40. Fix the flanges of the axle shafts.
41. For cars with pneumatic brakes, check the pinning of the brake chamber rods pins, adjust the free and working brake pedal travel and the clearances between the brake pads and wheel drums.
42. For vehicles with hydraulic brakes, check the action of the hydraulic vacuum or pneumatic booster, the amount of free and working brake pedal travel; if necessary, add liquid to the main brake cylinders front and rear wheel drive; set the required amount of pedal free travel and adjust the clearances between the brake pads and wheel drums. If air enters the system hydraulic drive remove air from the system.
43. Check the serviceability of the drive and the operation of the handbrake and, if necessary, adjust and fasten the brake.
44. Check the condition and fastening of the engine brake drive, the ease of movement of the rod and the opening of the damper.
Chassis.
45. Check the correct location (absence of distortions) of the front and rear axles, condition of the frame, towing device, hooks, suspension.
46. Check and, if necessary, fix the clamps, ladders, spring pins, shock absorbers, reaction rods and balancers. Check the tightness of the shock absorbers.
47. Check the condition of the disks and the fastening of the wheels, tires and the air pressure in them; rearrange tires if necessary; bring air pressure to normal; remove foreign objects stuck in the protector. Check and, if necessary, secure the spare wheel.
Cab, platform (body) and empennage.
48. Check the condition and fastening of assemblies and parts of the tilting cab and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunction.
49. Check the condition and operation of the ventilation system (in winter), as well as the condition of the door seals and ventilation hatches. In a cold climate zone, in preparation for winter, insulate the cab and take measures to eliminate freezing of the windshields.
50. Check and, if necessary, secure the cab, platform, fenders, steps and mudguards.
Maintenance of power supply systems and electrical equipment.
51. Check the operation of the engine and the condition of the power supply system and electrical equipment.
Power supply system for carburetor engines.
52. Check the fastening and tightness of the fuel tank, pipe connections, carburetor and heat pump and, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions.
53. Check the action of the drive, the completeness of closing and opening of the throttle and air dampers.
54. Check operation with a pressure gauge fuel pump without removing from the engine.
55. Check the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber.
56. In preparation for winter operation:
- check on special devices the carburetor, its units and parts, including jets;
- remove the fuel pump, disassemble it, clean and check the condition of the parts. After assembly, check the fuel pump on a special device;
- check the serviceability and set the flap for regulating the heating of the combustible mixture to the position corresponding to the season.
57. Check the ease of starting and the operation of the engine. Adjust the minimum speed if necessary idle move.
Diesel engine power supply system.
58. Check the fastening and tightness of the fuel tank, pipe connections, fuel pumps, injectors (pump-injectors), filters, drive clutch; troubleshoot if necessary.
59. Twice a year, remove and check the injectors (pump-injectors) on a special device.
60. Check the serviceability of the fuel supply control mechanism.
61. Check the operation of the service and emergency stop of the engine.
62. Check the fuel circulation and, if necessary, pressurize the fuel system.
63. Check the reliability of the engine start; adjust the minimum idle speed if necessary.
64. Check the operation of the engine, the high-pressure fuel pump (pump-injectors), the crankshaft speed regulator and the opacity of the exhaust gases.
65. Once a year in preparation for winter operation:
- remove the high pressure fuel pump, check and adjust at the bench;
- remove and check the fuel pump on the device;
- check the condition of the fuel heating system.
Accumulator battery.
66. Check the status battery by the density of the electrolyte and the voltage of the cells under load and, if necessary, remove the battery for recharging. In a cold climate zone, when preparing the battery for operation, bring the electrolyte density to normal and insulate it.
67. Check the condition and fastening of the electrical wires connecting the battery to ground and the external circuit, the operation of the battery switch, as well as its fastening in the socket.
Generator, starter and relay-regulator.
68. Inspect and, if necessary, clean the outer surface of the generator, starter, relay-regulator from dust, dirt and oil.
69. Check and, if necessary, fix the starter, alternator, relay-regulator and adjust the tension drive belt generator.
70. After driving 25-30 thousand km by car in preparation for winter operation:
a) remove the generator from the engine, the protective tape (at the generator alternating current brush holder), check the condition of the collector (slip rings), brushes, bearings, if necessary disassemble the generator and replace worn parts (brushes, pressure springs), blow out the inner cavity with compressed air, assemble the generator, tighten the studs and the pulley nut, check the generator on the stand with rated load and install on the motor;
b) check the operation of the relay-regulator and adjust it for voltage, taking into account the season;
c) remove the starter from the engine, clean the outer surface of oil and dirt, disassemble the starter to check the condition of the collector, brushes and starter relay contacts. Check the tightening of the intermediate bearing fastening screw and the wear of the sleeve in the cover on the drive side; assemble the starter and check the adjustment of the drive gear; check the operation of the starter on the stand in idle and full braking mode, and then install the starter on the engine.
Ignition devices.
71. Check the condition and, if necessary, clean the surface of the ignition coil, low and high voltage wires from dust, dirt and oil.
72. Unscrew the spark plugs, check their condition, if necessary, clean the plugs from carbon deposits and adjust the gaps between the electrodes or replace the plugs.
73. Remove from the engine and inspect the breaker-distributor, clean its outer surface from dust, dirt and oil; clean the inner surface of the lid; check the condition of the contacts and, if necessary, adjust the gap between them; lubricate shaft, lever shaft and cam bushing. Install the breaker-distributor on the engine.
74. In the presence of a contact-transistor ignition system, without removing the breaker-distributor from the engine, clean the outer surface from dust, dirt and oil, the inner surface of the cover, wipe the contacts, lubricate the shaft, felt, lever axis and cam sleeve.
75. After the vehicle has driven 25-30 thousand km in preparation for winter operation: remove the breaker-distributor from the engine, disassemble and inspect the bearing of the movable disk, the breaker lever, the roller and the cam. Assemble the breaker-distributor, lubricate the shaft, the axis of the lever and the cam sleeve and check on the bench: the angle of the closed state of the breaker contacts, the angle of alternation of sparking, uninterrupted sparking, the operation of the centrifugal and vacuum automatic ignition timing, and then install the breaker-distributor on the engine.
Lighting and signaling devices.
76. Check the fastening and operation of the sidelights, instrument panel lamps, rear lights and brake lights, direction indicators and sound signal.
77. Check the installation, fastening and operation of the headlights and, if necessary, adjust the direction of the light flux of the headlights.
78. Clean dirt from the surface and terminals of the foot switch and brake light switch.
Lubrication and cleaning work.
79. Lubricate the friction units of the car in accordance with the lubrication chart.
80. Check the oil level in the high pressure fuel pump and the crankshaft speed regulator.
81. Drain sediment from the oil filter housings.
82. Clean and flush the engine crankcase ventilation valve.
83. Wash the filter element air filter engine and compressor; replace the oil in them.
84. Change (according to the schedule) oil in the engine crankcase, rinse the filter element of the coarse filter and replace the filter element of the fine oil filter or clean the centrifugal filter.
85. Remove and wash the power steering pump filter and the hydraulic brake booster filter.
86. Clean the breathers and add or replace (according to the schedule) oil in the crankcases of the units and the tanks of the hydraulic drive of the vehicle in accordance with the lubrication chart.
Flush the engine lubrication system twice a year when changing oils (depending on the season).
87. When preparing for winter operation, turn off the oil cooler.
88. Remove and wash the fuel filter-settling tank and fine fuel filter. For vehicles with a diesel engine, remove and wash the housings of the preliminary and fine fuel filters and replace the filter elements.
89. Inspect and, if necessary, clean the sump of the fuel pump from water and dirt.
90. Once a year, when preparing for winter operation, flush the fuel tank; in a car with a diesel engine, flush the fuel tank additionally once a year; drain the sludge from the fuel tank.
91. Twice a year, when removing the high-pressure fuel pump and the engine crankshaft speed regulator, replace the oil in them.
92. Wash the filter elements of the moisture-oil separator.
93. Drain the condensate from the cylinders of the pneumatic brake drive.
94. Check and rinse the anti-freeze agent and fill it with liquid.
Checking the car after service.
95. After servicing, check the operation of units, assemblies and instruments of the vehicle on the move.
Additional work on dump trucks and tractors.
1. Check the operation of the platform lifting device, as well as the serviceability of its safety stop.
2. Check the condition and, if necessary, fix the subframe, power take-off and other assemblies and parts of the platform and its lifting device, as well as the spare wheel holder.
3. Check the condition of the platform tailgate and the operation of its locking device.
4. Check the condition of pipelines, hoses and the tightness of the connections. hydraulic system lifting device platform.
5. Drain sediment from the hydraulic lift housing, flush the filter element of the oil tank, check the oil level in it and, if necessary, add it or replace (according to the schedule) oil, taking into account the season.
6. On towing vehicles, check the condition and attachment of the fifth wheel or towing device.
Specific work on buses and cars.
1. Check the condition and fastening of the base body parts, frames, sidewalls, interior trim, bulkheads, doors, door guide rollers, footrest steps, floor, window frames, seats, roof vents and handrails. Check the condition of the anti-corrosion protective coatings and body paint. If necessary, clean the area of corrosion and apply a protective coating.
2. Check the condition of the driver's seat and the mechanism for adjusting its position, the hatch door of the route indicator and the hood flap or the engine compartment door.
3. Check the condition and operation of interior lighting devices, as well as ventilation and heating systems. When preparing for winter operation, flush and descale the heating system.
4. Check the condition and operation of the door openers and, if necessary, remove them to check the condition of the parts.
5. Check the condition and, if necessary, fix the units and parts of the suspension and anti-roll bar.
6. Check the condition and operation of the locks, hood hinges and trunk lid.
7. For buses operating without a conductor, check the condition of the storage counters and the operation of the composters.
8. Carry out (according to the schedule) disinfection of the bus interior and washing with warm water with a detergent composition of the walls, ceiling, handrails, windows and doors.
TO Category: - garage mechanic
Car maintenance is a combination of various measures that are used to keep the car in good technical condition and in proper appearance, as well as aimed at detecting and timely elimination of potential latent malfunctions. Accordingly, a technically sound vehicle must provide the highest level of comfort, safety, reliability, economy and ease of use to its owner.
| The difference between car maintenance and repair is that it is preventive and proactive. It is not necessary to wait for a breakdown in your vehicle - you can worry about it in advance. Service itself and its necessity are beyond doubt. This is an absolutely natural occupation, since during the operation of the machine, its wear occurs. Any trip, if we consider it from a technical point of view, represents any vibration of the car, exposure to sunlight, moisture, dust, friction and many other factors, which can be enumerated for a very long time. When operating a car, all of its units are constantly in interaction, which entails deformation and wear of all parts. There comes a time when you need to go through MOT. |
Important to remember! After each run warranty service auto, be sure to ask the dealership to put all the necessary marks in service book or other documents and contracts, with a list of work performed and services rendered.
Otherwise, in the future, when carrying out warranty repairs or the desire to return faulty car, you may have serious problems with service center... Since it will be difficult to prove the facts of your appeal to the auto center and the services provided for warranty service.
Especially for car owners, we have prepared a car service manual, in which we will consider all the possible nuances and features that exist at the moment.
Manual for warranty, car service
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It is understood that after purchasing a car, you must perform service at authorized dealer, at the certified service stations of your brand specified by them. Otherwise, you may void the warranty for the repair of your vehicle. |
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Here everyone chooses what his soul desires. If you want to sleep well and not have further problems with the warranty service of the car, pay more. I am confident in my personal master or in myself and you see that the car behaves perfectly - you can try to abandon expensive procedures in the salon, replacing them with similar, but cheap at the cost of work from a private person.
The main types of maintenance that need to be performed when operating a car
Timely service of the car is vital to ensure that the operation meets all safety rules. According to the classification, in the transport system operating in the Russian Federation, there are four main types of TO:
- daily service
- first maintenance
- second maintenance
- seasonal service
Daily maintenance
Daily diagnostics is, first of all, control of indicators and the state of such devices as: speedometer, various sensors, brake fluid level in the system and control of the oil level in the engine, steering operability, control of headlight illumination level, serviceability of car alarms.
Verification of these data is unequivocally related to the direct duties of any self-respecting motorist. Plus, if you want the car body not to rust for as long as possible and delight you with its shine for many years, then remember about the need for regular comprehensive washing both outside and in the cabin.
Before each ride of a newly purchased new car, it is recommended to check the following things: the speedometer, all sensors, the brake fluid level and the health of the brakes, the condition of the body, the correct position of the mirrors, the condition and good visibility of the license plates, the health of all electrical equipment, Good work steering column.
No one will perform daily maintenance services for you. And it's silly to hope your car keeps good appearance, and will work smoothly only because it is new and is under warranty, and you yourself do not care about it.
First maintenance
The first TO includes, in addition to everything listed in daily maintenance more the following points:
- performance of fastening works
- cleaning procedures
- lubrication work
- full control and diagnostics of car operation
- adjustment of serviceable equipment
It is easy to guess that the main goal of the first warranty service of a car is preventive measures aimed at preventing possible breakdowns, which may be local, but eventually disable the entire car completely. Either these breakdowns or identified deficiencies can increase the consumption of any fuels and lubricants, liquids, elements or significantly affect the increase in the level of environmental pollution.
Second maintenance
If you look, then the second maintenance has similar goals as the daily and first maintenance. But the complexity of all works and their volume increases significantly.
Various fastening, adjustment, lubrication work or diagnostics of the health of any system, as a rule, are carried out at a more thorough level, which requires partial disassembly or removal of any parts. Diagnostics and adjustment during carrying out require the connection of various special equipment at specialized service stations.
Seasonal maintenance
When it comes to seasonal car maintenance, it first of all means that the operation of any vehicle at different times of the year has its own characteristics, which you need to prepare for.
Considering the fact that we live far from the equator and seasonal fluctuations in temperatures and general weather conditions are very significant, then we can definitely say that, living in our climate, any car enthusiast must carry out thorough and regular seasonal maintenance. It should be held at least twice a year.
As soon as frosts begin, or at least frosts, the accident rate on the roads immediately increases. There are many points that seem to be known to everyone, but practice shows that not everyone remembers them regularly.
For example, that oil (like any other liquid) changes its density in the cold and therefore, when operating a car in winter, special oil must be poured into the engine.
That the concept of "all seasonal" rubber is a marketing ploy, but in fact such rubber does not exist. And those who drive it very often in detail have the opportunity to consider rear bumper in front of a driving car after a collision on a slippery road.
That water is not poured into the washer tank, but special liquid, calculated for a certain number of degrees below zero.
There are many other nuances that relate to seasonal car maintenance and which are of great importance in our latitudes.
Regulations for carrying out maintenance at service stations
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There is also the concept of a certain procedure for car maintenance and repair. There is a widespread belief that these regulations and the procedure for carrying out maintenance are established by salons or marketers, taking care mainly of their pockets. This is all a myth. The rules for carrying out repairs and maintenance by an authorized dealer are drawn up at the factory. And the time after which the first and second maintenance is carried out is set by the engineers of the plant. The frequency of these or those works is always indicated in the service book of your car, and whether you like it or not, you will have to read it at least diagonally. The frequency of performance of certain works is determined by several parameters: time interval, time and mileage, kilometers of mileage. |
But we must admit that there are points that you may simply not be aware of. The list of works can be significantly reduced and, accordingly, it will not be completed in full.
Another nuance is that experienced motorists advise you to be next to the master who conducts you scheduled maintenance of the car and monitor its work.
Naturally, you may not know all the nuances of the work that will be done on your iron horse at a service station. Actually, you may not understand cars at all.
But this is not required. The master also does not know how well you know the automotive business. There are just times when new car works fine, no complaints, everything is good as they say. They will change the oil for you, or rather not for you, but for your car, and they will consider all the work done on this. And why, if everything is driving anyway?
There is only one conclusion. During the warranty service of your car, be nearby and from time to time come and inspect the work of the master, even if it is also understandable to you as a Chinese character. This simple trick will undoubtedly have a good effect on the trouble-free operation of your car.
Here are the main concerns of the owner, which remain, even if the equipment undergoes regular maintenance according to the rules established by the manufacturer.
It is not necessary to do it yourself - you can limit yourself to some control tasks, and order the rest from the service.
This, as a rule, is not in the regulations of mandatory maintenance and this may not be offered to you in the service if you do not order it yourself. And some of the points, primarily of the control type (checking the level of oil and technical fluids, etc.), are recommended for the owner to perform independently during current operation due to their extreme simplicity and real necessity.
Many of the tasks listed will not only help maintain the neat appearance of the technique, but are also very useful for maintaining operational capabilities technology, prevention of squeaks and premature wear, and often directly aimed at preventing failures, accidents or breakdowns, sometimes very expensive.
- Checking the strength of the fastening of the license plate
- Checking the performance of all lamps (head light in both modes - low and high, brake light, direction indicators from 4 sides, lamp reverse, license plate light)
- Lubrication of fasteners when changing wheels, when installing a crankcase guard, exhaust system
- Checking the tightness of the wheels
- Checking tire pressure
- Wheel nipple caps
- Timely installation and removal of the "Spikes" sign
- Checking the brake fluid level
- Checking the coolant level
- Checking the engine oil level
- Checking the oil level in the automatic transmission (if the control dipstick)
- Determining the need for early replacement engine oil.
- Protective cover of the battery terminals
- Checking the battery charge level, fully charging it
- Battery level control in the key, alarm remote control
- Cleaning and lubricating door hinges, door locks, hood and trunk
- Treatment of door and trunk seals with silicone grease
- Cleaning the fuel tank, fuel system, injection nozzles
- Cleaning throttle
- Lubrication of the brake caliper guides
- Cleaning the air conditioning system
- External cleaning of the radiator
- Internal flushing of the cooling system radiator
- Checking and adjusting the wheel alignment angles ("descent - camber")
- Replacing the wiper blades or their rubber elements
- Replacing the hold-down springs or wiper frame assembly
- Blowing out the locks after cleaning with a jet of air
- Blackening with a special compound of tires and other rubber decorative elements of body trim
- Treatment with a cleaning and protective compound of plastic body parts
- Cleaning chrome-plated parts with a special polish
- Cleaning wheel rims from stubborn deposits (brake dust, etc.)
- Glass treatment with hydrophobic coatings
- Protective treatment paintwork body
- Washing, including cleaning specific places where dirt accumulates (usually hidden to some extent)
- Initial vehicle equipment (first aid kit, warning triangle, fire extinguisher, necessary tools, spare parts and accessories)
- Timely restoration of the complete set, replacement by the expiration date of the first aid kit and fire extinguisher
- Interservice spraying (lubrication) for some models of SUVs and ATVs
Checking the strength of the fastening of the license plate. Make it a rule to do this regularly. Losing a license plate is not uncommon. The reason, as a rule, is the use of fasteners prone to self-loosening during vibrations (bolts with a short threaded part and a large thread), their weak tightening, incomplete snapping of plastic frames or their breakage. Low-quality sub-sized frames are made of very fragile plastic, which collapses even with a slight external impact, for example, upon contact with a snowdrift during careless parking in winter period... Operation without a license plate is prohibited, and making a duplicate will take time and money. It is recommended to use fasteners with fine thread bolts of the required length, lock washers and nuts with a polymer insert. It makes sense to keep one set of license plate fasteners in the transported spare parts.
Lubrication of fasteners when changing wheels, when installing crankcase protection and exhaust system. This is not done by every owner and not in every service. At the same time, broken wheel fasteners, serious difficulties in removing the engine crankcase protection during the next oil change due to tightly rusted fasteners are a regular occurrence. The use of an appropriate lubricant (for example, high-temperature copper) will greatly facilitate the subsequent unscrewing of the fasteners, save you from wasting time, nerves and money.
After changing wheels (or other operations when the wheels were removed and put on - for example, when changing brake pads or shock absorbers), it is extremely important to check the tightening yourself or by visiting a tire service after a short run. It will not be superfluous to do this before a long intercity trip. We are not talking about "tightening tighter", which is fraught with breakage of fasteners or subsequent difficulties in unscrewing, namely, the sufficiency of the tightening. Checking the wheel tightening is the most important safety procedure and cannot be neglected.
It is also important to ensure that your tires are properly inflated. The tire pressure recommended by the manufacturer may differ along the axles, it is indicated in the owner's manual, and is often duplicated by a special plate on the inside of the fuel filler flap or on the central pillar of the body in the easy visibility zone from the driver's side. Low tire pressure increases fuel consumption, impairs handling, and, in extreme cases, can lead to tire self-breaking when cornering or heavy off-road, their damage. Too high tire pressure will reduce the braking distance and impart a harsh response to unevenness, with a corresponding decrease in comfort. Unfortunately, very often there are extremely inaccurate pressure gauges and the choice for personal use must be approached carefully. It makes sense to have your own high-quality pressure gauge in the transportable spare parts kit. We recommend that you carry out a control check of the tire pressure at the same time as checking the fastening of the wheels with a low mileage after tire fitting, as well as periodically, especially before long-distance trips.
Once you have verified that the pressure is correct, screw the caps onto the tire inflation nipples. The cap will not only improve the appearance of the wheel, but also prevent road dirt from entering the nipple itself. It makes sense to keep several spare caps in the transportable spare parts kit.
Checking the level of technical fluids and engine oil is a regular procedure. Many engines consume engine oil and this is directly indicated in the owner's manual. Some are even modern and expensive cars premium brands are not equipped with an engine oil level control system and a corresponding indicator (warning lamp). Whether there is such a level indicator (not to be confused with a pressure indicator) on your equipment should be found out immediately after purchase. However, rely on the sensor, but do not make a mistake yourself - checking the level on the oil dipstick should be done regularly. Timely topping up of engine oil will save the engine from oil starvation and the related breakdown of it or any of its systems. Before checking the dipstick, remove it, wipe it with a clean cloth from oil, insert it all the way and pull it out again, marking this time visual inspection oil level on its track relative to the marks on the dipstick. If there are any doubts (when pulling the dipstick out of the engine well housing, oil may get onto the dipstick and distort the picture), then repeat the procedure.
It is also necessary for the owner to determine the need for an early engine oil change or shortening the intervals relative to the maximum scheduled ones. Unfortunately, in the vast majority of cases, the service will offer you to come according to the regulations (for passenger cars this is usually after 1 year or 10,000 or 15,000 km of run, whichever comes first), "by default" not finding out if there are severe operating conditions in your case and other reasons for switching to a reduced service interval. A separate material is devoted to this topic in the "Useful" section of the site.
Processing the battery terminals with a special compound prevents their oxidation and the resulting negative processes in the power grid. It hardly makes sense to have such a composition in stock due to its very low consumption - ask to do this additionally when placing an order in the service during maintenance.
It makes sense to check the battery charge level (and the density of the electrolyte, where it is and this is allowed by the battery design) before winter operation... Driving the vehicle on short, infrequent trips may prevent the alternator from fully charging the battery in day to day operation, and loss of charge level can significantly reduce the ability to start the engine in cold weather.
The owner also needs to monitor the battery level in the key and in the alarm remote control - at the slightest sign of signal weakening or when the corresponding indicator signals, replace the batteries yourself or contact the service.
Over time, door hinges, door locks, hood and trunk locks become clogged and old grease thickens in them, they begin to work with noticeable difficulty and creak. In order to restore their operational ability, they must be washed and lubricated, for example, with silicone grease. Before use, make sure that the use of this grease is permissible at low temperatures. This lubricant will also protect the locks from hardening after washing in the winter. The need to clean and lubricate the door mechanisms - according to the actual state.
Also, silicone grease has a very positive effect on the processing of rubber seals for doors, trunk and hood, as well as other external decorative rubber parts. In winter, it protects the seals from absorbing water during washing and freezing of doors to them, and in summer, it keeps rubber seals from excessive drying and cracking. The treatment with silicone grease maintains the neat appearance and elasticity of the rubber elements for a long time. You can do it yourself or order such processing separately from the service. It makes sense to do such processing once every 3 months or a little less often.
Flushing the fuel tank and removing it is a rare procedure. Nevertheless, on very old cars, after prolonged use of fuel of dubious quality or prolonged downtime of equipment, it is better to do this. In current operation, a certain amount of water can also accumulate in the tank - as a rule, it is removed by a single addition to the fuel of a certain amount of alcohol or a portion of special additives. Of course, you need to use only proven products.
Some steel fuel injectors can be ultrasonically cleaned in special installations - this method involves removing them from the engine. It is more effective than flushing with special installations on the car itself.
Cleaning the throttle valve can be justified after 50,000 km.
Lubricating the brake caliper slide is very important to maintain brake performance. Special lubricants are designed for high temperatures and provide mobility of the brake system elements. Only for some braking systems such lubrication is not necessary due to design features... Not many lubricants are suitable for this, and not all provide the ease of operation of the mechanism for a long time due to very harsh conditions.
The heat from the evaporator of the air conditioning system contributes to the formation of mold and fungi, which not only spoils the microclimate in the cabin, but is also extremely harmful to health, and can provoke allergic reactions. For this, there are special formulations in retail sale, or you can order this service in the service. A stale and often downright unpleasant musty smell from the air ducts of the heating and ventilation system directly indicates the need to clean the air conditioning system. As a rule, this happens after several years of operation and subsequently it makes sense to do the treatment once a year.
The cooling system radiator is constantly exposed to direct contamination. Contamination greatly reduces the heat transfer of the radiator; it must be periodically carefully cleaned without breaking the tightness. The need for cleaning is determined by the actual condition by inspection. Some models are prone to intense contamination of the radiator due to design features and require regular cleaning.
During prolonged operation, deposits can also accumulate in the radiator inside, which can only be removed by thorough flushing with the removal of the radiator itself.
Wrong wheel alignment leads to uneven tire wear. Adjustment may also be required after some renovation works... Not all auto centers include checking wheel alignment in the maintenance (MOT), so this issue requires a separate clarification by the owner.
From the list of points for maintaining the appearance of the car in an exemplary state, it is worth stopping at cleaning the rims. Brake dust and some other road debris can be very stubborn and not completely removed during a normal car wash. This requires special cleaning compounds and a little more manual labor than usual - only in this way the disc will shine like new, together with the blackened tires, giving an excellent appearance to the entire car or motorcycle. By the way, tire blackening agents can give a different visual effect - you choose matte black or “oily” shine at your discretion (as a rule, the matte effect is indicated on the package).
Of course, the proposed set of worries does not include points of maintenance, tuning, styling, all worries related to repairs, as well as such simple things as timely refueling of fuel in the tank, fluid in the washer reservoir and maintaining order in the cabin and periodic washing.
About washing it is necessary to add that some cars, due to their design, may have places of accumulation of dirt - on the inner flange of the wing, behind the wheel arch liner, etc. Such places must be identified by a thorough inspection on their own or learn about them from reviews of other owners. As a rule, they are not affected by a regular standard car wash - do not be fooled by the name "underbody wash", "wheel arch wash" or the name of the wash "complex", as well as with the removal of persistent plaque from the discs, which is written about above. This is an additional and serious point of care, since the accumulated dirt and moisture in such places, the body or other important structural elements will prematurely become a victim of corrosion. Clean such places regularly when washing yourself or indicate this in the washing service, following the execution.
Some vehicle models, primarily off-road vehicles and off-road vehicles, have lubrication points in the transmission, suspension and steering. These points are included in the manufacturer's lubrication chart. When operating in harsh off-road conditions and increased pollution, it makes sense to do an intermediate service between routine maintenance (the so-called injection), injecting new clean grease with a special hand-held device under pressure, displacing the old contaminated grease.
Good luck and stay with the site!
