For the transportation of large and bulky goods over long distances, we are used to using freight transport of various tonnages, and a wheelbarrow is also great for moving heavy loads inside a subsidiary farm. But what if you need to transport not very bulky cargo over an average distance. In this case, using a wheelbarrow is inconvenient and requires significant energy consumption, and hiring a specially designed truck is not at all cost-effective. For such purposes, a trailer is perfect, for which a car, a mini-tractor, and even a walk-behind tractor can become a tractor.
All this is presented in the household subsidiary plots, but, so to speak, in miniature. For example, even a wheelbarrow will do for intra-farm transportation.
You can also hire a truck to deliver goods from afar. But when transporting heavy loads over medium distances, a wheelbarrow turns out to be unproductive, and a truck is unprofitable. Therefore, for my backyard, I decided to make a trailer with my own hands, and such that it could be used as a tractor for it as a trailer for a walk-behind tractor, and, if necessary, a passenger car.
How to make a reinforced trailer for a car with your own hands
You can make such a light trailer with your own hands. For its manufacture, you can use spare parts and parts that are found in the garage or on disassembly.The frame will be made from two side members and two crossbeams (front and rear crossbeams). And the platform lattice consists of five crossbars, which are placed between the traverses. The beams and traverses relative to the side members should have small cantilever outlets. Longitudinal parts must be welded to the ends of the outlets. They will play the role of strapping the frames of the sides of the trailer. You can weld the racks to these parts, and the upper straps to the racks.
Car trailer drawings, dimensions
The spars are made of 60x30 mm rectangular pipes. All the other parts of the frame and body frame listed above (traverses, cross members, struts, strapping) are made of a steel square pipe with a section of 25x25 mm.
The front and rear sides of the body are the same. They are made folding (this allows you to transport long loads on a trailer), and therefore their frames, although they are all made of the same square tube 25x25 mm, are made separately from the general body frame. The platform lattice is closed from above with a 2-mm duralumin sheet, which forms the floor of the body, and the sides are sheathed outside with thick sheet metal - 0.8-mm steel sheet. The floor is pulled to the grille with M5 countersunk head bolts, and the side sheathing is neatly (dots) welded to the straps and uprights.
The beam of the bridge also has a tubular rectangular cross-section: it is welded from two identical sections of channel # 5 inserted into one another. Two wheel axles are pre-welded at the ends of one of them. The gaps between them and the channel bars of the beam at the ends were covered with plates made of steel sheet.
The beam is connected to the frame side members by means of two springs used from the old Moskvich-412 car; 13-inch wheels were taken from the same car. The middle of the springs are attracted to the beam by stepladders, and their ends are attached to the spars: one is put on the axis of the bracket, and the other is on the axis of the earring. Shock absorbers in the design of a simplified cargo trailer for passenger car I considered the mobile superfluous.
With such a suspension, the distance from the ground to the platform was about 600 mm, which, as shown by the operation, is quite acceptable.
The drawbar of a homemade trailer is two-beam. Made of the same 60x30 mm rectangular pipe as the side members. The rear ends of the drawbar arms are docked and welded to the front ends of the side members with a 200mm overlap. The front ends of the beams converge on the body of the towing hitch and are also welded to it. I have it homemade, but with my trailer I never go on public roads (and this is not necessary). The technical requirements simply prohibit the use of homemade towing hitch devices.
The trailer does not have any hand-made brakes either - I use the brakes of the tractor to stop or slow down the speed of movement. But the alarm devices are the rear lights side lights I set it with turn signals and brake lights - so that my actions were always understandable to accomplices in the movement on the road.
DIY light trailer video
Once, on occasion, I dropped in to a friend of mine who works at a scrap metal collection point, and saw in his pile of pieces of iron the wreckage of an old "bee" trailer, I think.
In the same place, in this heap of old iron, the size of my house, there was also an old rear axle, it looks like a "Muscovite".
Immediately, the idea was born to build a trailer out of this trash, for the transportation of various useful household goods.
After short and productive negotiations with the participation of several Bank of Russia tickets, these remains were with me, and I safely brought them to my village.
That's what I got.
I have already screwed my wheels onto the bridge, since I have Moskvichy wheels. In addition, I also got two dented sides, front and rear, with broken hinges.
So, let's list what I used to make this trailer.
1. Rear axle with springs from Moskvich
2. Remains of the old body from the Pchelka trailer
3. Two forged oarlocks from an ancient gate
4. Spring bushings for Muscovites, rubber, 6 pcs.
5. A piece of stainless steel tube (old curtain)
6. Bolts М10 with nuts, 6 pcs.
7. Hinges, 4 pcs.
8. Spray paint, 1 can, orange
9. Coupling device, 1 pc.
10. Wheels from a Muscovite, 2 pcs.
11. Welding machine
12. Bulgarian
13. Corner 45X45 from the old bed, 2 pieces
The towing hitch was purchased from a car dealership, primarily for reasons of unification, so that my trailer fits all standard towbars, as well as for reasons of safety and ease of use. I saw homemade couplings and could have made them myself, but they did not inspire confidence in me.
The next morning, after the very first "fitting" of the bridge and body, it became clear that they ... are incompatible. The bridge turned out to be 8 cm narrower than the body. I had to cut it. With the help of a grinder, after a couple of hours, all unnecessary was cut off, and as a result, a body that was ideally suited to this bridge was obtained.
Further design continued after reverse welding. Due to the fact that the metal of the body was not particularly thick and not very strong (I realized this when I cut the body with a grinder), I decided to attach the springs to the body through the corners in order to more evenly distribute the load on the supporting elements of the body. Of the two long corners from the old shell mesh, 8 pieces were cut. short corners and holes are drilled in them for future fastening. After "fitting" the bridge to its fastenings, four of the old forged oarlocks from the gate were made.
A small note about hardware. As they say, everything is learned in comparison. That the corners of the old bed, that the old oarlocks from the gate - the old metal in them is of excellent quality, unlike modern corners that can be bent by hand - these old pieces of iron were cut and drilled with great difficulty. I don't think it was some kind of alloy or special steel - it was just that steel was made differently in the past.
6 bushings were also cut. from an old stainless steel curtain.
After everything was assembled, twisted and well welded, it was time to put the trailer on its feet, that is, on wheels, and do its final assembly.
The sides were straightened, new hinges were welded, latches were installed on the sides, the hitch was welded into place. In the end, the trailer was painted in some places (one bottle of paint would not have been enough for the entire trailer) and put into operation.
I did not check the maximum carrying capacity of the trailer, but the trailer easily transports 0.3 m3 of sand, 10 bags of cement, 200 pcs. bricks. I didn't load any more, but not because it would break down, but because the tractor - I have an old Moskvich-412, I feel sorry for him.
I translate anything on a trailer. Sand, stones, bricks, earth, manure, garbage, boat, cabinet, refrigerator, washing machine, potatoes, hay, and so on and so forth.
I am not going to install lighting devices on the trailer and register it with the traffic police, because it is used only during daylight hours and only within the boundaries of our village, it does not go to the highway, but maximum speed my "road train" with a load of no more than 30 km / h. For the same reason, I did not make fenders above the wheels and did not install shock absorbers. At these speeds, there is no such need. Only reflectors (reflectors) from
Sometimes the capacity of the trunk of a car is not roomy enough for many motorists, especially if the transportation of bulky goods is required. A trailer is best suited for this task.
Homemade trailers for cars
Trailers are of two types, produced by a specialized factory or self-made:
- Factory trailers do not require additional permits for their registration and registration. But at the same time, factory trailers do not always suit motorists with their technical characteristics, and if they do, then their price is not measuredly high. And the quality of the trailers themselves is not at a high level, which requires additional investments after purchase to eliminate factory defects.
- A homemade trailer is a structure that a motorist assembles according to his own drawing from a material that is outdated in quality, while adhering to GOST standards for its assembly. As for the registration aspects of such a product, they are much more expensive than when registering a factory one, since additional permits are needed to operate a homemade trailer.
From an economic point of view, the cost of a homemade trailer, taking into account all registration costs, is significantly lower than buying a new one.
It is also worth considering that a homemade trailer will be of much better quality than a factory one, if only because the entire manufacturing process will be controlled by the motorist himself.
A set of tools and materials
The first thing you need to make a trailer with your own hands is a drawing.
It is also worth noting that the drawing must comply with GOST standards 37.001.220-80.
This standard indicates all the requirements that are necessary in order to obtain a permit for the operation of a trailer and its further registration at the Interdistrict Registration and Examination Department.
In addition to the blueprint for making a homemade trailer, you will need the following materials.
- Profile pipe 40x40 mm for the construction of the trailer frame. Can use a pipe bigger size, but it should be borne in mind that this will entail an increase in the mass of the structure.
- For the sides, it is recommended to use steel sheets with a thickness of at least 0.6 millimeters., but not more than 1 mm, as this can also lead to an unnecessary increase in the mass of the scope.
- For the bottom of the trailer, you can use sheets of OSB or polycarbonate. The amount of material is calculated from the area of the bottom of the trailer.
- Metal beam 80x5 mm for the trailer axle.
- Wheel hub, fits perfectly from the rear beam of the VAZ 2108.
- Two VAZ wheels with a diameter of R 13, R14 optional.
- Two shock absorbers from the Ural motorcycle.
- Two car damping springs, can be used building from VAZ 2101 or from ZAZ 969.
- Two-core braided wire for electrical wiring, approximately 10 meters.
- Marker headlights with feet and turns.
- Thick-walled metal pipe at least three meters long. D for the manufacture of a hook-on element.
- Towbar lock.
- Male to female connector for connection on-board network from the car.
Also, to make a homemade trailer, you will need the following tools:
- Welding machine - preferably a semiautomatic device, but you can also use a conventional arc.
- Grinder and wheels for cutting metal.
- Drill and drill for metal.
- Roulette and hammer.
- Screwdriver, wire cutters.
After all necessary tool and the material will be purchased, you can proceed directly to the assembly process itself without deviating from the dimensions indicated in the drawing.
DIY assembly
The materials for the trailer assembly are cut according to the dimensions indicated in the drawing.
Assembling a homemade trailer consists of the following steps:
The wiring of the trailer is laid according to the same principle as in the car, the negative wire is attached to its frame (mass), and the positive wire to the contact of the lighting device.
How to register a homemade car trailer?
For registration in MREO is necessary technical certificate and product number.
Of course, a homemade trailer cannot have either the first or the second.
Therefore, in order to register a homemade trailer for it, it is necessary to make documents that confirm that this product complies with GOST standards and is safe for use on public roads.
In order to obtain a document on the safety of a homemade trailer, you need to contact an accredited testing laboratory. After a series of tests, laboratory staff will issue (if the tests are successful) a certificate of the ability to safely use the trailer on public roads. With this document, you can go to the MREO and legally put the trailer on record.
Also, do not forget that you have to contact the office that is engaged in filling numbers on vehicles and only after the number on the frame of the trailer is filled in, the process of registering it can begin.
Trailer registration
In order to register a homemade trailer, the following documents will be required:
- Statement to the head of MREO for registration of the trailer.
- Identification.
- Technical passport vehicle.
- Laboratory certificate allowing the use of a trailer on public roads (for homemade trailers).
- Documents confirming the ownership of the registered trailer(power of attorney certificate account).
- Receipts confirming payment of state duty and for the services of MREO.
- Check-in trailer or technical inspection report.
- CTP insurance policy.
The trailer registration process consists of the following steps:
- Writing a statement... Arriving at MREO, you need to write a statement addressed to the head of the registration of the trailer. Typically, a spelling sample is issued along with the application form.
- Payment for services and state fees. After writing the application, the person is given a checking account, where it is necessary to pay the state duty, MREO services and for materials (registration certificate, numbers).
- Delivery of documents. After the payment of the state duty and services has been made, the receipts along with necessary documents and the application is submitted to the registration window. After that, you can go to the site and wait for an inspector who will inspect the trailer (if there is no inspection report).
It should be remembered that if the trailer was purchased new, then 10 days are given for its registration from the date of purchase. If the trailer is not registered within the specified period, the owner will have to pay a fine.
OSAGO on a trailer
Strange as it may seem, but it is also necessary to purchase an insurance policy for the trailer. But, according to the law on OSAGO parts 2 and 3, not everyone is obliged to draw up an insurance policy. Private owners of trailers for cars, who used them for personal purposes, have the right not to purchase an insurance policy.
As for the list of trailers, for which the purchase of an insurance policy is mandatory, the following vehicles belong to it:
- Trailers for cars of legal entities.
- Trailers for trucks and tractors.
- Trailers for buses.
- Trailers for motorcycles and scooters.
In order to issue an OSAGO insurance policy, the trailer must undergo a technical inspection without fail. Otherwise, the policy will be refused.
Almost every family has a car. Since people are fond of gardening and construction, there is a regular need for delivery of goods. You say there is a trunk in the car. But the fact is that it is not suitable for transporting heavy items. It's easy to get out of the situation, you need to call the company that deals with cargo transportation and place an order. But not all car owners are willing to spend money on their services. There is an exit! Get a trailer. You don't have to buy it, because you can easily make this useful thing with your own hands.
Is it profitable to make a trailer?
Of course it's profitable! If you are "friends" with tools and have the skills to work with welding and spare parts, then do it yourself. Assembling the trailer does not take much time, no expensive tools or materials are required for work.
You will save money as you do not have to spend money on buying a factory trailer.
How to make a trailer for a light car?
- Buy everything you need first. You will need sheet steel, from which you will make the body. Purchase undercarriage and wheels, steel channels are needed. In addition, the trailer will need aluminum pipes and fasteners. High Quality... To weld the body, you need a welding machine. If you know how to work with it, weld the sheets.
- Determine the desired dimensions of the trailer and make a drawing, this will help you with the assembly. It is very good if you have stocks of old parts in your garage, they will be needed for work. For example, take the connecting elements of the boards from the tractor, and knock the boards themselves out of the lining. Make the frame from a steel pipe, it is enough to buy a product with a diameter of 40 mm. Adapt a slightly smaller diameter pipe for the draft. Buy three pieces, two you will use on the longitudinal, and one on the transverse rods. Don't forget to purchase a pipe for the bridge beam.
- Put the wheels tubeless, shock absorbers from the old "Ural" will come in handy. In the store, you need to buy a device designed to grip the towbar and a safety chain.
What you need to pay attention to
You need to start by assembling the frame. You probably hope that your homemade trailer will last you a long time. Remember that the service life is directly related to the strength of the frame. Rigidity is an important factor. Use welding to assemble the structure, this guarantees a reliable connection.
When you check the dimensions of the trailer, try to assemble the frame. Lay the elements on a flat floor, assemble the structure, fastening with temporary clips. Pay attention to the components of the frame, place them perpendicularly. Take a tape measure and measure the diagonals. The values should be the same, the discrepancy should not exceed 3%. If the discrepancy is greater, then it is worth reassembling the frame.
Since a rectangle is not the most reliable structure, reinforce the trailer with an additional stiffener.
How to connect a trailer to a car?
You will need to purchase a hitch for light trailer... When assembling the coupling part, pay attention to the length. The shorter it is, the easier it is to drive the trailer. The easiest way is to make a coupling part with a length of 1.5 to 2.5 m.
Do not make the coupling part short, because the trailer will react even to a slight turn of the wheels, this will cause the load to fall.
Make the hitch from a square tube. Take a welding machine, weld three pipes. Place the middle of the joint along the trailed axle. Weld a metal corner to the knot, so the structure will become even more reliable.
Then proceed with the installation of the safety cable. If not, then use a chain instead. Select the length so that the chain does not touch the road when driving.
Install the coupling sleeve, use bolts or welding for fastening. Welding is considered a reliable fastening method.
Are you going to make a fastening with bolts? Install no more than two. If you do more, drilling holes in the attachment points will weaken the frame.
Installation of axle and installation of sides
Turn the frame over, place it on two blocks. Measure the length of the trailer, multiply the value by 40%. Set aside the obtained distance from the rear side of the trailer, in this place place the axle. Clean the paint off the frame before installing. Measure the distance between the bushings, halve and mark the axle.
Connect parts of the structure with spot welding. Install a spring-damping suspension on the trailer, it will provide a soft ride.
Install stabilization jacks on the inside of the frame, they will keep the trailer in a horizontal position. Make the side walls of the trailer from lining, or use metal sheets.
First, the flooring is made of boards. Use the bolts for fastening, then install the box from the lining. Fix the corners of the box with metal corners, so the structure will become even stronger. Sheathe the sides with metal, on such a trailer you can easily transport bulk cargo.
Outcome
It is easy to assemble a trailer, it will increase the potential of the car. You will transport goods, the trunk and interior of the car will not be damaged. Car owners install a braking system on the trailer, lighting is mounted. Entrust their installation to the masters, for this contact the service center.
If you have a car, then you are probably quite often faced with the need to transport all kinds of goods. In this case, you cannot do without the use of a light trailer. It, of course, can be purchased in the store of the corresponding goods, however, such a design can be made independently.
Work on the frame
A homemade trailer, like a factory-type model, must have a frame, which is the basis of the structure. Its rigidity and strength will determine the durability of the trailer. In order to ensure greater reliability, it is recommended to use elements that will be joined together by welding. It is necessary to start work by determining the dimensions of the described element, or rather, the width and length. The size will be determined by the outer edges of the wireframe components. In order to determine the final width of the frame, add the thickness of one wall multiplied by 2 to the distance between the inner edges of the side walls. If the frame will be located between the wheels, and not above them, then the gap between the bolt and the tire should be taken into account.
If you decide to make a homemade trailer, then after determining the dimensions, you should try on the frame. To do this, the metal profile must be laid out on the surface, observing the perpendicularity between the components. The elements must be joined together with clamps. In parallel, you should check the shape, for this, using a tape measure, the diagonal of the resulting rectangle is measured. The values should be equal to each other, deviations can be from 2 to 5%. The structure must have a stiffening rib, because a square and a rectangle are unstable structures.
Connecting the trailer to the vehicle
A homemade trailer must have a chain ball. To carry out this element, it must be remembered that a shorter connecting part indicates a quick response when the vehicle is moving. Even a slight lateral turn of the drive wheels will cause the trailer to move sharply. This could damage the load and cause it to fall. When making a homemade trailer, you need to choose the optimal length - in the range from 1.5 to 2.5 cm. When choosing a material, it is recommended to use steel sections, which will form the basis of the frame and connections. For the last element, you need pipes in the amount of 3 pieces. The frames can be connected to the pipe by welding, and for higher strength it is recommended to reinforce with corners. Before welding, the master must try on the elements so that the hitch is made along the axis of the structure. When making homemade trailers for a car, at the same stage, a safety cable should be installed, which can be replaced with a chain. If desired, a folding wheel can be installed in the hitch area for comfortable transport of the trailer without a vehicle.
Installing the coupling
Homemade trailers for a passenger car must have the installation which can be carried out by welding or bolts. Before the final fixing of this component to the frame, it is necessary to check the coincidence of the dimensions of the frame pipes with the grooves of the gutter. The latter should not be larger than the width of the pipe, the excess in size can be a maximum of 5 millimeters. A welded joint can provide excellent strength, but if damaged, dismantling will involve using a gas burner. The strength of the bolt connection is less. Bolts should be used that belong to the eighth strength class. Those that are less durable will not be able to withstand shearing forces. For the connection, you need to prepare two bolts, it is not worth using a larger number, as this will contribute to the weakening of the frame element, as well as the coupling due to the presence of holes for fasteners.
Working on the axis
Before registering a homemade trailer, it must be fully prepared for use. There is a rule according to which the trailer axle is located at a distance of 40% of the length of the structure at the rear. After it is possible to measure the distance, it is necessary to indicate the location of the axis. It can be installed by placing the frame on the surface. In this case, you need to use two 4x4 blocks, while the spindle should hang freely. Remove paint from the surface of the frame at the intended mounting location for the axle. The step between the bushings should be halved, the resulting mark is marked on the surface.
A homemade trailer for a walk-behind tractor can be made using the same technology, but the dimensions will be much smaller. In order to check the dimensions, you need to measure the width of the frame again. The wizard can then proceed with the final installation. The elements are connected by welding. The use of a spring-cushion suspension is recommended for the reason that it guarantees more impressive softness, although it is not very durable.
Work on stabilizing jacks
When making a homemade one, it is important to ensure the horizontal position of the structure. The corners of the frame are the most suitable option. It is possible to install only on one side of the structure. If we consider the device from the point of view, it is recommended to use a screw mechanism. It can also be used to change a wheel.
Summarizing
Homemade, just like for a car, will be able to expand your possibilities. The latter option can be used to transport goods, whatever their configuration. At the same time, there is absolutely no risk of damaging the machine. Although the trailer may have its own specific features, the recommendations given above are general for all variants. If desired, a homemade boat or car trailer can be equipped braking system as well as lighting. However, experts recommend that you trust professionals to resolve these issues.
Trailer registration
If you are thinking about how to make a trailer, then you should be interested in the task of registering it. The design must undergo an examination, which is what the All-Russian Society of Motorists, abbreviated as VOA, does. Each region has its own society. To pass the examination, you must make sure that the device complies with the existing GOST. You can familiarize yourself with state standards in the document GOST 37.001. 220-80. Before registering a homemade trailer, you should know that the above standard applies to all types of trailers that are intended to be towed by minibuses, as well as cars on public roads. The standard does not apply to those devices, the design of which was made before the approval of the technical specifications of the mentioned standard.
Conclusion
Before you start making a trailer, you should familiarize yourself with state standards so that you do not have to rework the structure later. The mass of the device should not exceed the manufacturer's permitted weight. The weight must not exceed the curb weight of the vehicle. This figure is 1800 kilograms. The length of the device should not exceed 1.5 of the length of the vehicle or the limit of 8 meters. These requirements must be taken into account even at the design stage of the trailer, otherwise the use of the structure will be impossible.
