All-terrain vehicles in our open spaces have always been held in high esteem. They are created for various purposes and tasks, by individual enthusiasts or specialized companies for which the production of equipment off-road- business. What specific models are there in our country?
Let's start with pickups. They are prepared in Krasnoyarsk from components of the Arctic Trucks company. The Russian representative office has been operating there for over seven years. The buyer receives finished car immediately on the numbers. That is, all modifications are legal, the necessary certificates have been received.
It is impossible to pass by the sensational all-terrain vehicle, whose cross-country ability is comparable to the capabilities of tracked vehicles, and even surpasses it in some parameters. The machine was designed by Alexey Garagashyan. The design of the all-terrain vehicle began in 2012, and the finished copy was presented in 2015 at the Moscow exhibition of crossovers and SUVs Moscow Off-Road Show 2015. The car is mass-produced in St. Petersburg. A feature of Sherpa is a pneumatic circulation suspension. The four wheels are connected to each other by air ducts. So when one wheel hits, say, a stump, the system will evenly distribute the excess pressure on the other wheels, and the driver will simply not notice the stump.
The Nizhny Novgorod company "Transmash" has turned the popular GAZelle into an all-terrain vehicle Kerzhak... There are both six-wheeled and four-wheeled versions. Frame construction of both modifications. Kerzhak is equipped with a radiator with a 30% increased heat transfer, bridges - from the MTZ-82 tractor. Diesel engine, produced by ZMZ, with a working volume of 2.4 liters, and a power of 98 hp.
The all-terrain vehicle based on Lada 4x4 has been produced by the Togliatti firm "Bronto" since 1995. Last year it was tested by Vadim Kryuchkov. The residents of Togliatti have widened the wheel arches to accommodate the huge wheels. Thanks to them, the car can float. Chassis borrowed from UAZ-469, and the 1.7-liter engine and gearbox are native. As an option, they offer the installation of two 70-liter fuel tanks. The carrying capacity of the Marsh is 350 kg. Upon request, the salon will be installed backseat... The spare wheel is fitted there as standard.
All-terrain vehicle Lopasnya has been produced since 1999 by the Moscow firm "Arctictrans". The car can be either four-wheeled or six-wheeled. The design of the all-terrain vehicle is not frame. Both versions have a monocoque aluminum body, made according to the principle of the aircraft fuselage. All-terrain vehicles are equipped with various engines - for example, from the Oka, VAZ-2108, etc. The own weight is 980 kg, the carrying capacity is 500 kg. Can swim.
Trekol-39294 has been produced since 2004 by the eponymous Moscow firm "Trekol". There are many options - cargo, passenger, 4x4 or 6x6. The body is made of fiberglass. The car is based on UAZ and GAZ units. Diesel engines to choose from: there is a ZMZ engine and a Hyundai engine. By order, Trekol will be equipped with a water cannon for movement on water. The carrying capacity of the all-terrain vehicle is 700 kg. Maximum speed- 70 km / h.
The first all-terrain vehicle Burlak appeared in 2015. It was created by the Ural designer Alexey Makarov. A total of 2 all-terrain vehicles were assembled. The second car, of a different design, was released in 2016.
The final drives were taken from the BTR-60. The transmission is of Aleksey Makarov's own design. At the heart of Burlak's design is a spatial frame on which an aluminum body is installed. At the front of the car is a 145 hp engine. Burlak can swim. Carrying capacity without loss of buoyancy - 2 tons.
Another all-terrain vehicle manufactured by the Moscow company "Trekol" based on the UAZ-31514 - Trekol-39041... The wheel arches were widened, and the body itself was supplemented with footrests to facilitate getting in and out of the car. Excellent cross-country ability tubeless tires dimension 1300x600-533. With them ground clearance the car grows up to 500 mm. The tires also provide a buoyancy reserve. Such an amphibious UAZ develops a water speed of up to 3 km / h. If you install a suspended boat motor- 10 km / h. The machine can be installed as gasoline engine ZMZ - 40905.10 with 128 hp, and Hyundai D4BF diesel (83 hp).
| Excellent cross-country ability is provided by tubeless tires measuring 1300x600-533. Excellent cross-country ability is provided by tubeless tires measuring 1300x600-533. |
Past the famous "Loaves" no way to get through. This all-terrain vehicle was also created by the Trekol company, and it is called the Trekol Profi. As you might guess, it is based on the UAZ-2206. The Trekol specialists have modernized the fuel and exhaust system, supplied nine-leaf springs, reinforced axles and wheel reducers, original cardan shafts etc. The advantages of the all-terrain vehicle are its capacity and access to the engine from the passenger compartment, that is, repairs can be carried out in a warm place.
What about UAZ Patriot? There are also all-terrain vehicles on its base. Let's say Yamal H-4S, developed by LLC Yamalspetsmash. The all-terrain vehicle was specially designed for operation in the Far North. The cab can seat five people. The Eberspacher irtronic autonomous heater will help maintain a normal interior temperature in abnormally low temperatures. As an option, the all-terrain vehicle will be equipped with a central tire pressure regulation system and an Sprut-9000 winch. Maximum speed Yamal H-4S- 55 km / h on an asphalt road.
The history of all-terrain vehicles and tank building in Russia began with the licensed Christie tank, on the basis of which the BT family was created - high-speed tanks. The "trick" of these units was in their versatility - on paved roads they used wheels, and off-road - caterpillars, thus reducing the specific pressure of the machine on the ground by increasing the support area. But operating experience has shown that off-road tracked vehicles are not a panacea.
If you lower the pressure inside car tire, then the spot of its contact with the ground will increase, and therefore the support area will increase, the specific pressure will decrease and, as a result, the permeability will improve.
On dual-purpose trucks (ZIL-131, GAZ-66, "Ural-4320") and universal wheeled chassis, the driver can change it while driving, which increases the cross-country ability on low-bearing soils. This indicator can also be increased by using tires low pressure(SND) with a special protector. 
There are also tires ultra low pressure... True, for them it is necessary to deeply modernize serial SUVs, or to design cars originally intended for operation on tires with low pressure.
All-terrain vehicles in the Russian market
The most "striking" models of all-terrain vehicles on low and ultra-low pressure tires, offered by leading companies in the Russian markets, are presented in the following review.
Quite a controversial product. It is alleged that this "pepelats" (LLC "TekhnoMaster", Russia) is able to move on impassable roads and on water, like dry land, but IT IS NOT AN ANY ROAD!
- Designed to carry two people and up to 80 kg. cargo.
- Engine 4-stroke, 9-15 Horse power.
- Speed - up to 25 km / h.
In your free time from extreme sports, it is recommended to put wheels from the "Niva" on it and use it like a mini-tractor. For an additional payment, it is possible to equip the device with various "utilities", such as a removable roof, a water cannon, a headlight, and so on.
Base price: 175,000.00 rub.
Tiger XBH 8X8-2
8-wheel amphibious all-terrain vehicle, with four-wheel drive(OOO "All-terrain vehicles Tiger" (Russia)).
- Engine for 53 horses, (3 cylinders, 4-stroke, CHERY firm).
- Speed - up to 45 km / h.
- The body is made of high density polyethylene (HDPE), the bottom has additional protection. Available in various colors of the upper case.
- Carrying capacity up to 500 kg. (on water up to 300 kg.)
Diverse selection of attachments and additional accessories, among which caterpillars (plastic, rubber, with metal grousers - "BT" remember?), "kenguryatnik" (for Siberia, more likely "bear cub"), and so on.
Price: RUB 745,000.00
Tiger XBH 6X6-1
A smaller version of the XBH 8X8-2 with six wheels.
- The engine is weaker - "only" 35 horses, (2 cylinders, 4-stroke, CHERY firm).
- The rest of the characteristics are almost identical to the eight-wheeled "big brother".
Price: RUB 605,000.00
ARGO 6 × 6 Frontier 580
It is very likely that this or a similar device "inspired" the Chinese to create the previous machine.
6-wheel amphibious all-terrain vehicle with four-wheel drive.
- 18 horsepower engine.
- Speed - up to 35 km / h (up to 5 km / h on water).
- High-density polyethylene (HDPE) casing in various colors and colors to choose from. Underbody protection is optional.
- It is theoretically capable of operating in the range from -40 ° C to + 40 ° C.
- Carrying capacity up to 317 kg. (on water up to 227 kg.).
Big choice additional equipment to increase comfort, "finishing" the all-terrain vehicle to suit your needs and additional protection.
Price: from 605 246.00 rub.
ARGO 8 × 8 Frontier 650
8-wheel version of the amphibious all-terrain vehicle, with four-wheel drive.
23 horsepower engine.
- Speed - up to 30 km / h (up to 4 km / h on water).
- Carrying capacity up to 454 kg. (on water up to 408 kg.).
- In other respects, it is identical to the 6-wheel model.
Price: from 872 805.00 rub.
Deep modernization of the UAZ-ik for ultra-low pressure tires.
It is produced in two modifications - "tilt" and "all-metal" body.
Easy to repair and maintain - the design uses standard units and parts from GAZ and UAZ.
- Engines to choose from - diesel and gasoline, injection (for AI-92) or carburetor (for AI-80).
- Highway speed - up to 70 km / h.
- Carrying capacity up to 450 kg. (up to 350 kg. on water).
Price: RUB 1,350,000.00
- In terms of its main characteristics, it resembles the head model of the line (39041).
- Carrying capacity up to 400 kg. (up to 300 kg. on water).
The body "pickup" of modern design, sharpened for a special attachments-, fertilizer spreader or small drilling rig.
For farmers, geologists, oilmen ...
Price: RUB 1,590,000.00
- The characteristics are similar to model 39041.
- The main difference is a sandwich-type insulated fiberglass body with doors and a hatch.
- The declared operating temperature range is from -60 ° C to + 60 ° C.
Price: RUB 1,780,000.00
Six-wheeled version of the all-terrain vehicle.
- The characteristics are reminiscent of the leader of the line.
- Differences - the car became heavier (2500 kg. Versus 1900 kg.) And more carrying capacity (700 kg. Versus 400 kg. On dense ground and 400 kg. Versus 300 kg. On water).
Price: RUB 2,200,000.00
- In terms of basic characteristics, it resembles the previous model.
- The car became heavier (2800 kg.) And more spacious (up to 8 seats in the back).
Price: RUB 2,500,000.00
In the video you can see the entire line of TRECOL off-road vehicles, find out their characteristics, capabilities and applications.
Do you want to move in any desired direction without being limited by roads? Just pick the right mule on your low pressure tires! The only thing that should not be forgotten is that no matter how reliable the all-terrain vehicle has, by virtue of its purpose it is susceptible to both severe breakdowns (failure of the transmission, suspension, etc.) and "minor" damage.
ATVs - great option for those who like hunting or fishing. The high cross-country ability of vehicles allows you to get to remote hunting grounds, where interesting prey is found. Also, it is difficult to do without all-terrain vehicles for people who live in areas with high humidity or a close location of groundwater. All-terrain vehicles make it easier to move in swampy areas in the spring, when a large amount of snow melts.
All-terrain vehicles on low-pressure tires provide excellent cross-country ability even in the most difficult climatic conditions, but, unlike tracked vehicles, consume significantly less fuel.
Benefits of Low Pressure ATVs
Wheeled off-road vehicles on low-pressure tires have a lot of advantages, therefore they are very popular among people. Different equipment of cars allows you to make vehicles for different purposes. Homemade models can be completed not only with standard devices, but also with additional equipment that will fully meet the needs of the customer. Among the advantages Vehicle It should be noted:
- The ability to operate a car in places with soft ground. Wheeled all-terrain vehicles are allowed to be used for movement on the tundra due to the fact that the soil is not destroyed, and the fertile layer is not removed.
- Possibility to travel on public roads. Unlike tracked all-terrain vehicles, technicians with low tire pressure do not spoil the asphalt and can be used to move around populated areas.
- A comfortable salon that can be retrofitted with all the necessary appliances (stove, air conditioning, heaters, etc.).
- Repair availability. Almost all ATVs are made up of affordable parts that are easy to find and replace.
- Profitability. Most ATV models consume a little more powerful jeep, thanks to which the maintenance and operation of the all-terrain vehicle does not require large material costs.
Varieties of all-terrain vehicles
Each all-terrain vehicle has its own purpose. If for swampy terrain all-terrain vehicles must have the same design, then a different type of car is needed to overcome water obstacles. There are four main types of technology.
- Swamp walkers... Most often they are used for trips in swampy areas in order to drain territories. The technique allows you to do geo-prospecting in wetlands and lay various pipelines.
- Snowmobiles... In an area where snow lies most of the year, it is advisable to have equipment that can pass through the impressive snow cover. All-terrain vehicles with ultra-low tire pressure are indispensable for residents of the Far North.
- Amphibians... If there are a large number of water barriers, then a specially designed car will not only help to overcome them, but also make it as comfortable as possible. Some types of ATVs are also capable of swimming.
- ... The machines are designed in a special way, due to which they combine the properties of the previous types and are distinguished by high cross-country ability in any conditions. If, when purchasing a car, there is no specific purpose for an all-terrain vehicle, then it is better to buy a universal car and, if necessary, upgrade it. Often among this category there are machines with a breaking frame. These vehicles are effective when driving on very uneven terrain, where the front and rear wheels may be on different planes. Exists homemade all-terrain vehicles on low pressure tires with a breaking frame, which have increased functionality and load capacity.
By purpose, all-terrain vehicles can be divided into:
- Passenger... All-terrain vehicles can carry up to 15 people, thanks to which the movement of people is carried out in difficult climatic conditions.
- Cargo-passenger... Typically, all-terrain vehicles that are manufactured at the plant have a cargo compartment and 4 passenger seats. The machines are easy to operate and have a fairly large carrying capacity.
- Freight... Cars can only carry cargo.
Homemade ATVs on low pressure tires can be of different configurations.
There are small two-seater off-road vehicles with a lightweight frame that are designed for hunting or fishing trips, and huge cars, capable of accommodating a large number of people and goods. Since the functionality of home-made vehicles is determined only by the designer and the owner, it is almost impossible to review them.
Examples of all-terrain vehicles
All-terrain vehicles, which are produced at the factories, have their own characteristics and are presented in a large assortment. There are many domestic and foreign models that are in high demand in Russia. Depending on the purpose and configuration, the cost of vehicles can vary from several hundred thousand rubles to several million.
The domestic model can reach speeds of up to 45 kilometers per hour and has 53 horsepower under the hood. The body is made of durable polyethylene and can be used in temperature conditions from -40 to +40 degrees Celsius. The amphibious all-terrain vehicle has a low carrying capacity, therefore it is intended for trips to hunting, fishing and nature.
"TREKOL 39041"
An improved version of the UAZ, which has a high cross-country ability due to wheels with low-pressure tires. Unlike a homemade all-terrain vehicle on low-pressure tires, the model is characterized by increased strength and reliability. The all-terrain vehicle can be supplied with a gasoline or diesel engine... The car develops a speed of up to 70 km / h and can accommodate up to 450 kg of cargo on board. The disadvantage of the model is its cost. V standard configuration the all-terrain vehicle costs from 1,950 thousand rubles.
"TREKOL 39445"
The body made of fiberglass has additional insulation, due to which the machine can be operated in temperature range from -60 to +60 degrees Celsius. On the ground, the car can place on its board up to 700 kg of weight, and on the water - up to 400. The cost of the car on gasoline engine ZMZ - 40905.10 is 2 630 thousand rubles, and for diesel engine Hyundai D4BH 3,060 thousand rubles.
The famous American amphibious all-terrain vehicle, which is designed for freight transport... The all-terrain vehicle has 300 horsepower under the hood. An off-road vehicle can cover up to 500 km without additional refueling.
All-terrain vehicle Is a land vehicle of high cross-country ability for movement in the absence of roads.
Closely related terms are: off-road vehicle, swamp vehicle, snow and swamp vehicle, tracked conveyor, tracked tractor, tracked vehicles, all-terrain vehicle, ATV, ATV. All-terrain vehicles on low-pressure tires are colloquially called karakats.
Snow and swamp-going vehicle Sherpa
Amphibious all-terrain vehicle Russian production"Sherpa" effectively solves the operational tasks of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, intelligence and medical services. With its help, it is possible to provide assistance in hard-to-reach areas, including marshlands.
Wheels with a diameter of 160 cm are equipped with ultra-low pressure tires. The presence of a special pneumatic circulation suspension ensures an even distribution of pressure inside the tires. This makes it easy to overcome obstacles up to 70-100 cm high. Tires are inflated using exhaust gas from the engine. This interconnected system allows the wheels to be fully inflated in 30 seconds.
Thanks to the special arrangement of the protectors (ladder), the snow and swamp-going vehicle can easily swim across water bodies. The speed on water is 6 km / h, and on land the all-terrain vehicle is capable of picking up speed up to 45 km / h.
It is equipped with a steel body and seats with seat belts. The carrying capacity of the cargo reaches 1000 kg.
This specialized vehicle is an indispensable assistant for rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations during search and rescue operations in swampy and mountainous areas, areas with deep snow cover, as well as on soil with a low carrying capacity.
The equipment is designed to work in harsh climatic conditions, carries out the transportation of goods or people in areas where there are no passable roads... Reservoirs are also not an obstacle for him. It can tow a load weighing up to 2 tons.
It has a sealed body, which includes a cabin (2 seats) and a cabin for 10 passengers, which is additionally equipped with folding benches and a tailgate.
The mass of the snow and swamp-going vehicle is 4.5 tons, excluding the cargo and the crew. The maximum speed on land reaches 60 km / h, on the water surface no more than 6 km / h. When fully loaded, the machine is capable of overcoming obstacles with an inclination angle of 35 0.
Snow and swamp-going vehicle Trekol-39292d
Thanks to the wide tires with ultra-low pressure, it can be used on thin ice... The package includes a winch, with which the snow and swamp-going vehicle pulls cars out of openings, swamps or mountainous terrain.
The capacity is 8 people. The body is insulated. It transports loads weighing up to 600 kg on non-uniform ground or with low bearing capacity.
On level ground without obstacles, it picks up speed of 70 km / h. Operation is carried out at the following temperatures, from -40 to +45 degrees.
Despite its size, this tracked vehicle weighs only 3.9 tons. This is due to the fact that the tracks are made of stamped rubber, not metal.
Consists of 2 sections and is produced in different modifications... One section with a capacity of up to 7 seats is intended for the carriage of passengers, the second is used for the transportation of goods weighing up to 2.5 tons.
The cabins are made of fiberglass reinforced plastic with a steel frame. Have a strong seal. An emergency hatch and pumps for pumping out water are provided. Overcoming water obstacles, develops a speed of 4 km / h. The maximum speed on land reaches 52 km / h.
It is actively used on load-bearing ground, since this type of snow and swamp-going vehicle exerts pressure on the ground surface 2 times less than a standing person. This feature determines the active operation of the all-terrain vehicle in swamps.
On snow, the slope of overcoming obstacles is from 17-35 0, on solid ground the maximum roll is 45 0. Operation of the all-terrain vehicle "Los" is carried out at temperatures from -45 0 to +45 0.
A detailed article about this type of equipment is here:
Search and rescue vehicle PPSA 3 (3409) -01NN
PPSA 3 (3409) -01NN - firefighter search and rescue vehicle Based on snow and swamp floating tracked all-terrain vehicle... Designed for extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations in especially difficult road and climatic conditions, as well as delivering personnel and equipment to the emergency site. The car is able to move on any type of terrain, mountains, plains, sand, snow and open water. The cabin provides accommodation for 3 crew members, including the driver.
Detailed characteristics of the technique on the link:
Emergency rescue vehicle based on two-link tracked snow and swamp-going vehicle ASM-GD
ASM-GD is designed for off-road transportation, with overcoming small water obstacles afloat, personnel of search and rescue units, stock of fire extinguishing agents (OTV), emergency, fire-fighting equipment, radio communications and lighting to the site emergency(Emergency) and providing the first medical care people, extinguishing fires and ensuring comfortable living conditions for the personnel of search and rescue units during rescue operations in extreme weather conditions, including in the Far North and the Arctic.
The machine is equipped with navigation equipment operating in the GLONASS / GPS system, and also has buoys of the COSPASS / SARSAT system for signaling emergency signals and is equipped with a set of radio communications.
The module has a water tank with a capacity of 800 liters and a foam agent tank with a capacity of 50 liters. The body and containers for fire extinguishing agents are made of corrosion-resistant materials with low thermal conductivity.
Elimination of the consequences of a major man-made accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP showed the need for mobile systems to extinguish fires and carry out automated control systems at facilities with structures made of high-strength materials.
The development of such a complex with the code name "Granite" has already been completed, and the complex has been successfully put into trial operation at the Center for Special Purpose Rescue Operations "Leader".
The TTM-1901 "Berkut-2" snowmobile is equipped with a closed two-seater cabin with an efficient heating system, which keeps the temperature in the cabin + 18 ° C even at -50 ° C overboard.
The snowmobile "Berkut-2" was developed in Nizhny Novgorod, at the plant of transport and technological machines NPO "Transport" LLC. The model is designed for monitoring hard-to-reach places and rescue operations.
It is used in especially difficult road and climatic conditions outside public roads on rough terrain, mainly in the Far North, Siberia and the Far East.
The list also includes such tracked vehicles of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, designed for excavation, reclamation, oil gathering and auxiliary work in heavily watered, swampy areas and in open water. Detailed characteristics of the machine are presented below.
Ask anyone, and he will answer that there are two main types of all-terrain vehicles: wheeled and tracked (airbags, auger vehicles and other exotic do not count). With the individual or small-scale creation of such equipment, aimed at purely civilian use, cars with wheels are more common. And on the contrary: the models mastered by the industry, including for military needs, are more often tracked. However, there are samples that, according to my classification, are somewhere in the middle. We are talking about wheeled vehicles with an onboard swing principle. To change the direction of movement, the right or left movers are slowed down or completely blocked on them - everything is like a tracked vehicle. Equipped with wheels with ultra-low pressure tires, these all-terrain vehicles do not leave behind decades-free scars. And at the same time, they have high maneuverability, since they are able to turn around literally on the spot. One example of such a technique is Mikhail Balboshin's all-terrain vehicle "Sever" from Severodvinsk.
In order for the "side-turning" vehicle to change the direction of travel, its wheelbase should not be too large, so that the resistance to turning is not excessive. Therefore, in the "North" the distance between the outer circumferences of the wheels is noticeably smaller than their diameter. However, first things first.
The all-terrain vehicle has a steel supporting body-boat, the upper part is assembled from aluminum panels from alloy D16T
This machine uses Trom-16 tires with a dimension of 1650x570, developed for the Surgut eight-wheeled all-terrain vehicle of the same name. Due to their outer diameter of more than half a meter (this is one of the largest models in the industry), they have gained well-deserved popularity among amateur designers. In the original, these tires have often located transverse ribs, which work as lugs, and also come into contact with the drive roller, which transmits torque to them. It is this solution that is used at Troma, which we will describe in detail in some other detail on the pages of the magazine - although it is not homemade, it is really curious from a technical point of view. In the "North" the drive is more traditional, through the axle shafts, so the protector can be "thinned out" a little. Remove part of the transverse ribs, more precisely - after one. The tire will become lighter, which will have a beneficial effect on cross-country ability, because when building a machine designed for operation on weak soils, they are fighting for every kilogram.
It should also be noted that Trom-16 is not the only possible variant"Shoes" for "North". At first, it was equipped with Sherp tires, the distinguishing feature of which is the most powerful lugs with a height of about 100 mm, and the name of this rubber unambiguously refers us to the all-terrain vehicle, which has gained wide popularity in certain circles of "crooks". Moreover, at first glance, "North", due to a similar layout, is perceived precisely as "Sherpa". For those who do not know: this is the name of the car, created by the designer from St. Petersburg Alexei Garagashyan. He began his career and for many years acted as a home-builder (the first mention of his work - an all-wheel drive motorcycle for travel, was in the magazine "Modelist-Constructor" in the report on the show "Motosam-90", see No. 2-1991). Recently, however, his extraordinary ideas have interested those who decided to put the production of all-terrain vehicles on stream. As a result of such cooperation, "Sherpas" are now mass-produced and even find their customers, despite the greatly inflated (this is not only my opinion) price.
But back to "North": how did it happen that outwardly he is practically the twin brother of "Sherpa"? It's simple. Garagashyan did not make a secret of the project, and Mikhail Balboshin took the look of a St. Petersburg all-terrain vehicle as the basis of his. And in terms of design, both machines have a lot in common. However, there are also significant differences.
There are only two seats in the car, control is carried out using levers.
So, there are huge wheels on the sides to the right and left. How to arrange for the crew to enter the car? The side will definitely not work. In the "North" the driver and his passenger neighbor - and the all-terrain vehicle is, in fact, a two-seater, since it has only two seats - get inside through a flap in the front of the body. To do this, you must first take it up windshield... If it is warm, there is no rain, and the hordes of blood-sucking brethren do not hang in the air, waiting for their prey, then it is pleasant to drive with the "visor" thrown back. In bad weather it is covered, of course, and there is even a wiper blade. And in the cargo-passenger compartment, which occupies the main volume of the cabin, you can find yourself rolling over the backs of the seats, or use a separate entrance arranged in the rear side. It is much wider than the front one and is equipped with a ladder door. True, fellow travelers, if any, will have to sit on the lid of the engine compartment or sit on the things sketched in the back.
The usual steering wheel in front of the driver, of course, is not. However, tracked vehicles also meet the steering wheel. automobile type... But here everything is the old fashioned way: there are two levers, and whichever you pull, you turn in that direction. The more you deflect the lever, the sharper the turn. And if you pull both at once, then the all-terrain vehicle stops. As you might guess, this is a brake replacement. Interestingly, the clutch may not even be squeezed out, since the transmission will be disconnected from the engine in the on-board swing mechanism.
Each of the control levers is connected by a cable drive with its own - right or left - side clutch. Here lies one of the important differences from the "Sherpa". In the control system of the latter, a hydraulic drive is used, and in the "North" it is completely mechanical, but also quite lightweight. It is equipped with a modified on-board rotation mechanism of serial production from the GT-SM GAZ-71, which is popularly called "gazushka". This circumstance favorably distinguishes this car from many other similar schemes, built by amateurs. The overwhelming majority of DIYers use a conventional bevel car differential when designing side-turning vehicles. (By the way, Garagashyan also started with him.) Brakes are put on the axle shafts and ... that's it - the transmission is ready!
However, using a differential is not the best the best way, since this mechanism, as is known, divides the torque supplied to it in half, distributing it along the semiaxes. Accordingly, when turning an all-terrain vehicle with such a device, a loss of power in the design is inevitable: some of it will be unproductively extinguished by the braking mechanism, and the thrust on the propellers of the running board will decrease. A full-fledged on-board swing mechanism, which first opens the drive to the semi-axle, and only then slows it down to a complete stop, is devoid of this significant drawback.
The torque from the engine is transformed into a five-speed gearbox from the VAZ-2110 with a standard cable shift drive. Instead of a differential, there is a blind shaft, so all the power is transmitted to only one drive. The box is rotated 90 degrees, because the engine - a Kubota V1505-t turbocharged diesel engine (44 hp) - is installed longitudinally.
The power unit consists of a 44 hp Kubota V1505t diesel engine. and a five-speed gearbox from the VAZ-2110 The torque will be transmitted to the wheels by open chains, there is a simple automatic tensioning mechanism.
All of the above set of units is placed in a sealed boat body with a steel frame and steel sheathing. At the bottom, the thickness of the sheets is 3.2 mm. And on top, for the sake of relief, the body is assembled from D16T alloy panels riveted onto a spatial frame. The bottom of the car is absolutely flat, which is very good for off-road driving - if you catch any obstacle, you will slide along it like on a ski.
The wheel drive is also hidden inside. Removing the raised floors in the cabin reveals powerful open chains stretching along the sides. Through them, each wheel, more precisely, the drive shaft of its final reduction gear, borrowed from the same GAZ-71, is connected to the axle shaft of the corresponding side.
At one end it is connected to the side clutch through the splines, and at the other end it rests on a bearing mounted on the side wall of the body. A pair of chain drive sprockets is rigidly mounted on the shaft, rotating the front and rear wheel respectively. Spring loaded shoes provide the required chain tension. Of course, long open chains rewinding inside the body do not contribute to the creation of acoustic comfort in the cabin, but both the engine and the transmission are inside a durable, protected and sealed capsule underneath. This means that we can hope that all vital units of the all-terrain vehicle are invulnerable to the misfortunes of serious off-road conditions.
The motor is located approximately in the middle of the car, it is cooled with antifreeze, which in turn is cooled in a radiator, placed on the starboard side and covered from outside by a decorative grill. Since there can be no natural blowing with such an arrangement, the electric fan almost always works.
The power unit and transmission are located under raised floors made of thick waterproof plywood, so the interior of the all-terrain vehicle has a neat, residential look. Closer to the rear, between the floor and the bottom, so that useful space does not disappear, a spacious locker is equipped in which you can put a lot of camping equipment, and it will not fly around the cabin - the all-terrain vehicle does not have a suspension, and only large soft wheels amortize the passage of irregularities ... Standing with your feet in this "underground", you can straighten up in the car in full growth, which is also not bad. And by lifting its covers up, to the level of the wheel arches, and fixing them on the side support runners, we get an excellent flat bed measuring 2300x2200 mm. Bulky things remain at the bottom, and wide shelves above the arches, separated by low partitions, will take on all sorts of little things. Together, you can spend the night on an improvised bed with exceptional comfort, and if you make room, then the three of us will succeed. Even in winter you will not freeze, since the car is equipped with a 2 kW Webasto autonomous heater. The panels are covered with 20 mm insulation for additional comfort.
The wheel inflation system is worthy of special mention. She is extremely original here and her authorship also belongs to Alexei Garagashyan. Obviously, “stuffing” such voluminous wheels is not an easy task - a very efficient compressor or low pressure pump is required. But Alexey came up with the idea of pumping not air into the wheels, as everyone does, but ... the exhaust gases from the engine. To do this, you need to press a small pedal to block the exhaust tract and direct the exhaust to the wheels. And in less than a minute, because the cross-section of the pumping hoses is as much as 38 mm, it is possible to raise the pressure in all four wheels (their volumes are constantly combined) from zero to working 40-60 g / cm2. Control of such insignificant values is carried out using a medical pressure gauge fixed on the left cab pillar in front of the driver's eyes.
At first glance, the idea is quite controversial, even delusional, and many people immediately have a question: are exhaust gases harmful to rubber? All our knowledge suggests otherwise, and it is difficult to answer unequivocally. Aggressive gases are certainly not good for her, shortening the service life is a fact. The problem of removing condensate from the movers, which is likely to accumulate inside them, also remains unresolved. Also, the system, in which their volumes are interconnected, casts doubt on the survivability of the machine in the event of serious damage to any tire. Once I witnessed a situation when, after driving a wheel against a sharp root, the driver of the all-terrain vehicle did not waste time, but drove on, turning on the exhaust pumping. As a result, the hose, which quickly warmed up from hot gases, was simply ripped off the disc of the damaged wheel. I had to stop and patch up the tire. However, one must be completely honest: not a single real case of tire damage from such “bullying” has been recorded either in the “North” or “Sherpa”.
I will not argue that wheeled all-terrain vehicles with onboard principle turns are widespread, but DIYers turn to this arrangement regularly. Everything is explained by the relative simplicity of the design, which does not require steering and controlled drive axles. It is quite easy to implement the formula not only 4x4, but also 6x6 or even 8x8, which have very enviable traction characteristics... The "North" has only four wheels, but what kind! Today, the opportunities for lovers of independent construction of vehicles "for themselves" have expanded many times over. You can buy anything you want! Although no - "Sherpa" wheels, if you do not have such an all-terrain vehicle, they will not sell you. But "Trom-16" - please! Such a purchase cannot be called a budget purchase, of course, but here everyone is free to decide on their own, it all depends on the presence of ideas in the head. And "Sever", in my opinion, is one of the worthy options for investing funds as intended. The car really worked out.
For confident movement in swamps, you need to adjust the tire pressure. In the "North", ego occurs quickly thanks to the original system of pumping exhaust gases of all four wheels at the same time. Operating pressure 40-60 g / cm2
