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Graduate work

Zone reconstruction project Maintenance trucks

INTRODUCTION

1. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE DESIGN TASK

1.1 Brief description of Avtopark LLP

1.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise "Avtopark" LLP

2. TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF ATP

2.1 Choice of source data

2.2 Calculation of the annual volume of work and the number of production workers

2.3 Technological calculation of production zones, areas and warehouses

2.4 Selection of equipment

3. BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Requirements for the master plan

4 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

4.2 Form of management of Avtopark LLP

4.3 Enterprise management LLP "Avtopark"

5. DESIGN OF TO-1 ZONE

5.1 Description of the TO-1 zone of Avtopark LLP and the proposed works

5.2 Organization of production in the TO-1 zone

5.3 Calculated part

5.4 Selection of equipment for TO-1 zone

6. DESIGN AND CALCULATION PART

6.1 Analysis of existing designs of solid blowers

6.2 Calculated part 53

7 . SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT

7.1 Safety precautions when performing basic work

7.2 Test methods for toxicity of gasoline engines

8. CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

8.1 Calculation of capital investments

8.2 Determination of income and profit

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

workshop maintenance car

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of road transport, as part of the country's transport complex, is to meet the needs of agriculture and the country's population for freight transport at the minimum cost of all types of resources. This general goal is achieved as a result of increasing the efficiency indicators of road transport: an increase in the carrying capacity of transport and the productivity of vehicles; reducing the cost of transportation; increasing the productivity of personnel; ensuring the environmental friendliness of the transport process.

Technical operation as a subsystem of road transport should contribute to the realization of the goals of road transport of the agro-industrial complex and have controllable indicators of the efficiency of the system, i.e., the road transport of the agro-industrial complex.

Knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the regularities of changes in the parameters of the technical state of units, assemblies and the car as a whole allows you to control the performance and technical condition vehicle during operation, i.e., maintain and restore its performance.

The need to maintain a high level of operability requires that most of the faults be prevented, that is, the operability of the product has been restored before the onset of the fault. Therefore, the task of maintenance is mainly to prevent the occurrence of failures and malfunctions, and repair - to eliminate them.

The following requirements are imposed on the vehicle maintenance and repair system:

· Ensuring the specified levels of operational reliability of the vehicle fleet with rational material and labor costs;

· Resource-saving and environmental orientation;

· Planning and regulatory nature, which allows planning and organizing maintenance and repairs at all levels;

· Obligation for all organizations and enterprises that own road transport, regardless of their departmental subordination;

· Concreteness, availability and suitability for management and decision-making by all links of the engineering and technical service of road transport;

· Stability of basic principles and flexibility of specific standards, taking into account changes in operating conditions, design and reliability of vehicles, as well as the economic mechanism;

· Taking into account the variety of vehicle operating conditions.

Ensuring the required level of technical readiness of the rolling stock to carry out transportation with the lowest labor and material costs is the main requirement of the production and technical base of road transport of the agro-industrial complex system.

The relevance of the topic of our research is due to the fact that the level of development of PTB has a significant impact on the indicators work of ATU, which means for the entire process of work on maintenance and repair. The quality of TEA works is directly related to the level of development of the PTB. The technical readiness of the vehicle fleet and its reliability, productivity will increase with the increase in performance and the development of PTB. One of the main goals of the maintenance and repair system is the quality of the work performed, reliability, the level of equipment of the workplace, post. Paying special attention to the development of FTB in the environment of the material and technical base is now more than ever relevant for the road transport of our country. The continuous development of the automotive industry of foreign countries only enhances the need to develop the material and technical base of road transport in our republic.

The practical value of the results of our work is confirmed by the presence of the act of implementation.

The theoretical value of our thesis is in the calculation and its detailed description.

Purpose of work: to create a project of a maintenance area for trucks.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set:

- to collect and analyze theoretical material about "Avtopark" LLP;

- collect and analyze theoretical material on the issues of technological calculation of ATP;

- collect and analyze material about the organization and management of production, the principles and methods of enterprise management;

- create a project for the TO-1 zone;

- calculate the economic efficiency of the project.

The tasks set and the order of their solution determined the structure of the thesis.

To solve these problems and in accordance with the purpose of the work, the following methods were used:

Theoretical: analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory and educational literature on the topic of research, systematization of the collected and analyzed data.

Practical: calculation, methods of mathematical statistics, experiment.

1 . TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF DESIGN JOB

1.1 BriefI characteristic of Avtopark LLP

Avtopark LLP is located in the industrial zone of the city and occupies an area of 26 hectares, on which there is a powerful repair base, zone TO-1, TO-2, a car wash, warm boxes for car parking, showers and utility rooms, dining room.

The fleet of trucks, as a public transport, carries out the transportation of goods and agricultural products in the district and region. The car fleet has a wide range of services, motor transport provides the growing transport needs of the population and households associated with high speed and urgency of movement, delivery of goods directly from the point of departure to the destination, serves areas with an underdeveloped network of road transport routes.

The company provides services for the maintenance of organizations, provides services to both the population and enterprises for maintenance and repair.

Trucks of the GAZ-53 brand of all modifications are used as a rolling stock for the transportation of goods. ZIL-131 and Gaz-52 vehicles serve cargo transportation for all economic entities of the region.

The cars are equipped with radio stations, which allows for a more perfect form of service for the population and households of the region with cargo transportation.

Acceptance of orders is accepted under contracts concluded between business entities and the fleet, as well as a dispatch service that works around the clock.

When leaving the line, the car undergoes a control examination of the technical condition, the driver at the medical center a medical examination of the state of health.

In the repair area, maintenance is carried out, repairs not only of our own, but also of private rolling stock.

A technical inspection is being carried out at Avtopark LLP freight transport of all brands, replacement of numbers, driver's licenses, purchase and sale of cars.

At present, Avtopark LLP is a stable and profitable enterprise.

1.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise "Avtopark" LLP

Below are the technical and economic indicators of Avtopark LLP for 2006-2010.

Table 1.1 Technical and economic indicators of Avtoopark LLP

Indicators
Average payroll
Auto days at work
Technical readiness factor
Release rate per line
Total mileage, thousand km
Average daily mileage, km
Time in dress
Car watch in the outfit, t. Hour
Traffic volume: for trucks
Operational speed, km / h
Degree of vehicle wear
Auto days on the farm
Income thousand tenge Consumption thousand tenge

Analysis of technical and economic indicators

The ratio of car groups in the enterprise is shown below using a pie chart as an example:

Figure 1.1 The structure of the rolling stock "Avtopark"

Figure 1.2 Availability and release factors

Technical readiness factor in the period 2006-2010 fluctuates in the range of 0.6-0.8, and as can be seen from the graph, the value of the coefficient over the past two years does not fall below 0.8. The output coefficient increases with each one, which testifies to the outlined positive trends at the enterprise. On average over these years, it was 0.6.

Figure 1.3 List of cars

The number of cars on the list has decreased in recent years from 150 to just over 100, which is associated with the physical and moral wear and tear of the rolling stock, with an objective decrease in production capacity at the enterprise.

Figure 1.4 Total mileage of the vehicle fleet

The total mileage of the enterprise's vehicle fleet for the period under review only increased and in 2010 amounted to more than 4.5 thousand kilometers, which is due to the increase in the operating time of vehicles on the line.

Figure 1.5 The time spent by the car in the order

The time spent by the car in the dress is on average 8 hours. Full employment of drivers on the line has been observed in recent years, as can be seen from the graph - in 2009 the highest indicator. The increase in the duration of the work of drivers occurs with the correct organization of work.

Figure 1.6 Number of Vehicle-Days in Operation

The change in the number of car-days in operation during this period occurred with varying success, making jumps and falls. So if in 2006, 2007 and 2010 it reached its peak values, then in the interval of these years the readings decreased.

Figure 1.7 Cruising speed

The operating speed, as can be seen from the graph, has only been increasing at the enterprise in recent years. This is due to the fact that the necessary measures are being taken to reduce the downtime at each stop when transporting goods and some increases in the length of service routes.

Figure 1.8 Traffic volume

Figure 1.9 Dynamics of expenses and income

In general, the change in expenses and income is the same. Their performance increased every year. But as can be seen from the graph, the difference between these indicators in the last year has changed towards an increase in income.

2 . TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF ATP

2.1 Selection of source data

For calculation production program and the scope of work of the ATP, the following initial data are required: the type and number of rolling stock, the average daily mileage of vehicles and their technical condition, road and climatic conditions of operation, the operating mode of the rolling stock and the modes of maintenance and repair.

Table 2.1 Initial data for "Avtopark" LLP

Calculation of the production program for maintenance

Calculation of the program for GAZ cars

To calculate the program, we select the standard values of the rolling stock mileage to KR and the frequency of TO-1 and TO-2, which are established by the Regulations.

Lk = 300,000 km;

L2 = 20,000 km;

The number of technical impacts on one car per cycle is determined by the ratio of the cycle run to the run up to a given type of impact. Since the cycle mileage is taken equal to the car mileage before overhaul, the number of KP of one car per cycle will be equal to one. The next last one for the TO-2 cycle is not carried out, and the car is sent to the Kyrgyz Republic. TO-2 includes maintenance of TO-1, which is performed simultaneously with TO-2. therefore, in this calculation, the number of TO-1 per cycle does not include maintenance of TO-2. Frequency of execution daily services taken equal to the average daily mileage:

KR number:

Nk = Lc / Lk = Lk / Lk; (1)

Nk = 300000/300000 = 1;

Number TO-1:

N1 = Lk / L1- (Nk + N2); (2)

N1 = 300000 / 5000- (1 + 14) = 45;

Number TO-2:

N2 = Lk / L2-Nk 4; (3)

N2 = (300000/20000) -1 = 1;

EO number:

NEO = Lk / Lcc; (4)

NEO = 300000/209 = 1435.

Since the production program of the enterprise is calculated for a year, then to determine the number of maintenance for the year, we will make the appropriate recalculation of the obtained values of NEO, N1 and N2 per cycle, using the coefficient of transition from cycle to year. In order to determine the conversion factor, we first need to calculate the technical readiness factor bt and the annual mileage of one car Lg. The technical readiness factor is calculated by the formula:

bt = 1 / (1 + lcc (DTO-TP / 1000 + Dk / Lk)), (5)

bt = 1 / (1 + 209 (0.2 / 1000 + 15/300000)) = 0.95;

here D TO-TR is the specific vehicle idle time in TO and TR in days per 1000 km of run;

Дк - the number of days the vehicle is idle in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Determine the annual mileage:

Lg = D slave · Lcc · bt; (6)

Lg = 356 * 209 * 0.95 = 72 470.75 km;

Then we find the coefficient of transition from cycle to year:

zg = Lg / Lk; (7)

sr = 72470.75 / 300000 = 0.24;

The annual number of EO, TO-1, and TO-2 for one list vehicle will be:

NEO.g = NEO * zg; (eight)

NEOG = 1435 * 0.24 = 344.4;

N1.d = N1 * zg; (nine)

N1.g = 45 * 0.24 = 10.8;

N2.d = N2 * 3g; (ten)

N2.g = 14 * 0.24 = 3.36;

For the whole group of cars:

Y NEO.g = NEO.g * Au; (eleven)

Nk = 344.4 * 40 = 13776;

Y N1.g = N1.g * Au; (12)

For N1.g = 10.8 * 40 = 432;

Y N2.g = N2.g * Au; (13)

For N2.g = 3.36 * 40 = 134.4;

where Ai is the list of cars.

According to the regulation, as a separate type of service, it is not planned and the work on diagnosing the rolling stock is included in the scope of maintenance and repair work. At the same time, depending on the method of organization, diagnostics of cars can be carried out at separate posts or be combined with the maintenance process. Therefore, the number of diagnostic impacts is determined for the subsequent calculation of diagnostic posts and their organization.

At the ATP, in accordance with the Regulations, it is envisaged to diagnose the D-1 and D-2 rolling stock.

Diagnostics D-1 is intended mainly for determining the technical condition of units, assemblies and systems of the vehicle that ensure traffic safety. D-1 is carried out, as a rule, with the frequency of TO-1.

Diagnosis D-1:

U Nd-1g = Y N1.g + 0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g; (fourteen)

For Nd-1r = 432 + 0.1 * 432 + 134.4 = 609.6;

Diagnosis D-2:

Y Nd-2g = Y N2.g + 0.2 Y N2.g; (15)

For Nd-2r = 134.4 + 0.2 * 134.4 = 161.

Calculation of the production program for maintenance for cars of the "ZIL" brand.

First, we find the technical readiness coefficient bt according to the formula:

bt = 1 / (1 + lcc (DTO-TP / 1000 + Dk / Lk) = 1 / (1 + 67 (0.2 / 1000 + 12/300000) = 0.98;

Lg = D work. · L cc · bt = 365 * 67 * 0.98 = 23965.9 km;

Coefficient zg = Lg / Lk = 23965.9 / 300000 = 0.08;

The annual number of EO, TO-1, and TO-2 for one list car and the entire fleet will be: NEO.g = NEO * zg = 1435 * 0.08 = 114.8;

N1.g = N1 * zg = 45 * 0.08 = 3.6;

N2.r = N2 * sr = 14 * 0.08 = 1.12;

NEO.g = NEO.g * Au = 114.8 * 75 = 8610;

For N1.g = N1.g * Au = 3.6 * 75 = 270;

N2.g = N2.g * Au = 1.12 * 75 = 84;

Determination of the number of D-1 and D-2 diagnostic impacts on the ZIL car park per year.

Diagnosis D-1:

U Nd-1g = At N1.g + 0.1 At N1.g + At N2.g = 270 + 0.1 * 270 + 84 = 381;

Diagnosis D-2:

For Nd-2g = For N2.g + 0.2 For N2.g = 84 + 0.2 * 84 = 101.

2. 2 Calculation of the annual scope of work and the numberproduction workers

Cars of the brand "Gas".

To calculate the annual volume of work, we preliminarily set the standard labor intensity of TO and TR in accordance with the Regulations for the rolling stock designed by the ATP, and then adjust them taking into account the specific operating conditions. The standards of labor intensity of TO and TR are established by the Regulations for the following set of conditions: І category of operating conditions; basic models cars; the climatic region is temperate; the mileage of the rolling stock from the beginning of operation is equal to 50-70% of the mileage before overhaul; maintenance and repair of 200-300 units is carried out at the ATP. rolling stock comprising three technologically compatible groups; ATP is equipped with means of mechanization according to the table of technological equipment.

t EO = t EO (n) * K4 * Km; (16)

t EO = 0.7 * 0.45 * 1.15 = 0.36 man-h;

t 1 = t 1 (n) * K4; (17)

t 1 = 5.5 * 1.15 = 6.3 man-h;

t 2 = t 2 (n) * K4; (eighteen)

t 2 = 18 * 1.15 = 20.7 people-h;

t tr = t tr (n) * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4; (19)

t tr = 5.5 * 1.1 * 1.2 * 1.6 * 1.15 = 13.4 man-hours.

t CO = (d / 100) * t 2; (twenty)

where d is the proportion of these works depending on the climatic region. In our case, q = 20%.

t CO = (20/100) * 20.7 = 4.14 man-h,

Diagnosis D-1:

t 1 + d-1 = 1.1t 1; (21)

t 1 + d-1 = 1.1 * 6.3 = 6.93 man-h;

t d-1 = 0.25t 1; (22)

t d-1 = 0.25 * 6.3 = 1.6 man-h;

t `1 = 0.85t 1; (23)

t `1 = 0.85 * 6.3 = 5.4 man-hours.

Diagnosis D-2:

t d-2 = 0.17t 2; (24)

t d-2 = 0.17 * 20.7 = 3.5 man-hours.

The annual scope of work on maintenance and repair. The volume of work on EO, TO-1, TO-2 per year is determined by the product of the number of maintenance and the standard (adjusted) value of the labor intensity of this type of maintenance:

T EOG = Y NEOG * t EO; (25)

T EOr = 13776 * 0.36 = 4959.4 man-h;

If TO-1 and D-1 are carried out together, then the total annual volume is found by the formula:

T 1 + d-1 = Y N1g * t 1 + d-1 + (0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g) * t d-1; (26)

T 1 + d-1 = 432 * 6.93 + (0.1432 + 134.4) * 1.6 = 3277.9 man-hours;

T 1g = Y N1g * t 1; (27)

T 1g = 432 * 6.3 = 2722 man-h;

Annual volume of D-1:

T d-1g = U Nd-1g * td-1; (28)

T d-1g = 609 * 1.6 = 974.4 man-h;

Annual scope of work on TO-2:

T 2g = Y N2g * t 2+ Au * t CO; (29)

T 2g = 134.4 * 20.7 + 40 * 4.14 = 2948 man-h;

T d-2d = U Nd-2g * t d-2d; (thirty)

T d-2g = 161 * 3.5 = 564 man-h;

Annual scope of work of TR:

T TP = (Au * Lg / 1000) * t TP; (31)

T TR = (40 * 72470.75 / 1000) * 13.4 = 38844.3 man-h;

The total annual volume of work on the enterprise for gas vehicles:

T PR = T EOG + T 1g + T d-1g + T 2g + T d-2g + T TP; (32)

T PR = 4959.4 + 2722 + 974.4 + 2948 + 564 + +38844.3 = 51012 man-hours;

ZIL cars. The annual scope of work for ATP is determined in man-hours and includes the scope of work for EO, TO-1, TO-2, TR and self-service of the enterprise. Based on these volumes, the number of working production zones and sections is determined.

Selection and adjustment of normative labor intensity. To calculate the annual volume of work, we preliminarily set the normative labor intensity of TO and TR in accordance with the Regulations for the rolling stock (ZIL) of the designed ATP, and then we correct them taking into account the specific operating conditions.

t EO = t EO (n) * K4 * Km = 0.5 * 0.45 * 1.15 = 0.26 man-h;

t 1 = t 1 (n) * K4 = 2.9 * 1.15 = 3.3 man-h;

t 2 = t 2 (n) * K4 = 11.7 * 1.15 = 13.5 man-h;

t tr = t tr (n) * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 = 3.2 * 1.1 * 1.2 * 2.0 * 1.15 = 9.7 man-hours.

Labor intensity of seasonal service:

t CO = (d / 100) * t 2 = (20/100) * 13.5 = 2.7 man-h,

Distribution of the scope of work on diagnosing D-1 and D-2.

Diagnosis D-1:

t 1 + d-1 = 1.1 t 1 = 1.1 * 3.3 = 3.63 man-h;

t d-1 = 0.25 t 1 = 0.25 * 3.3 = 0.83 man-h;

t `1 = 0.85t 1 = 0.85 * 3.3 = 2.8 man-hours.

Diagnosis D-2:

t d-2 = 0.17t 2 = 0.17 * 13.5 = 2.3 man-hours.

Annual scope of maintenance and repair works:

T EOr = Y NEOr * t EO = 8610 * 0.26 = 2239 man-h;

If TO-1 and D-1 are carried out jointly:

T 1 + d-1 = Y N1g * t 1 + d-1 + (0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g) * t d-1 = 270 * 3.63 + (27 + 84) * 0 , 83 = 1072 people-h;

If separately, then the annual volume of TO-1:

T 1g = Y N1g * t 1 = 270 * 3.3 = 891 man-h;

Annual volume of D-1:

T d-1g = U Nd-1g * td-1 = 381 * 0.83 = 316 man-h;

Annual scope of work on TO-2:

T 2g = Y N2g * t 2+ Au * t CO = 84 * 13.5 + 75 * 2.7 = 1337 man-h;

The annual scope of work for diagnosing D-2:

T d-2g = U Nd-2g * t d-2g = 101 * 2.3 = 232 man-h;

Annual scope of work of TR:

T TR = (Au * Lg / 1000) * t TR = (75 * 23232.25 / 1000) * 9.7 = 16902 man-h;

The total annual scope of work for the enterprise:

T PR = T EOg + T 1g + T d-1g + T 2g + T d-2g + T TR = 2239 + 891 +316 + 1337 + 232 + 16902 = 21917 man-hours.

Annual scope of work on self-service of the enterprise... According to the Regulations, in addition to maintenance and repair work, auxiliary work is carried out in the ATP, the volume of which (TSP) is 20-30% of the total volume of maintenance and repair work of the rolling stock. The auxiliary work includes self-service work of the enterprise (maintenance and repair of technological equipment of zones and sections, maintenance of utilities, maintenance and repair of buildings, manufacture and repair of non-standard equipment and tools), which are carried out in independent departments or in the corresponding production areas. The scope of auxiliary work consists of the scope of work generally accepted and self-service work. We carry out calculations for the entire ATP, therefore, we take into account both groups of cars:

T sp = T total + T itself (33)

T sp = B * T pr (34)

where B is the share of auxiliary work depending on the number of vehicles of the enterprise. In our case, B = 0.3 for ATP with the number of cars up to 200. Then we get: T vp = 0.3 * 21917 = 6575 man-h;

T total = 0.38 * 6575 = 2499 man-h; T itself = 0.62 * 6575 = 4076 man-h;

Distribution of the scope of TO and TR by production zones and areas. The scope of TO and TR is distributed according to the place of its implementation, according to technological and organizational characteristics. MOT and TR are performed at posts and production sites (departments).

Taking into account the peculiarities of the production technology, work on EO and TO-1 is carried out in separate zones. Post work on TO-2, carried out at universal posts, and TR are usually carried out in a common area. In some cases, TO-2 is performed at the posts of the TO-1 line, but on a different shift. Work on diagnosing D-1 is carried out at independent posts (lines) or combined with work performed at TO-1 posts. diagnosis of D-2 is usually performed at separate posts.

Considering all of the above, we distribute and enter the values into the table.

Table 2.3 Distribution of the annual scope of work of EO, TO-1, TO-2, TR and self-service by type for the entire ATP

						volume

Guards
1. Harvesting
2. Washing rooms
3. Wipers
4. Diagnostic
5. Fasteners
6. Adjusting
7. Lubricating, refueling cleaning
8. Electrical
9. Power system maintenance
10. Tire
11. Bodywork
12. Disassembly and assembly

Precinct
1. Aggregate
2. Locksmith and mechanical
3. Electrical
4. Rechargeable
5. Power system repair
6. Tire
7. Vulcanizing
8. Forging and spring
9. Mednitsky
10. Welding
11. Tinsky
12. Rebar
13. Woodworking
14. Painting
15. Wallpaper

Self-service areas

1. Electrical
2. Pipeline
3. Repair and construction

Calculation of the number of production workers.

Production workers include work areas and sections directly performing maintenance and repair work on rolling stock. Distinguish between the technologically necessary (attendance) and staff (payroll) number of workers. The technologically required number of workers ensures the implementation of the daily, and the regular - the annual production programs (work volumes) for maintenance and repair.

Technologically required number of workers:

Pt = T g / F t; (35)

where T g is the annual volume of work in the maintenance zone, TR or section, man-h;

F t - annual fund the time of the technologically necessary worker for 1-shift work, h. Ft, we take equal to 2070 h.

Staff number of workers:

Psh = T g / F w; (36)

Ф w is the annual fund of time for a "regular" worker, h. Ф w is taken equal to 1830 hours.

In design practice, to calculate the technologically necessary number of workers, the annual fund of time Ft is taken equal to 2070 hours for industries with normal working conditions and 1830 hours for industries with harmful conditions. Using these formulas, we find the number of workers and enter it in table 2.4.

Table 2.4 Number of production workers

Names of zones and sections	Annual volume of work in a zone or section, man-h	The estimated number of technological required Workers	Adopted number of technologically necessary workers,	The annual fund of time for a full-time worker, fr. 4	Number of full-time workers,


Maintenance and repair areas Zone TR (posts)
Production new sites Aggregate Electrical engineering Rechargeable By system Tire Vulcanization Mednitsky Welding Forging spring Locksmith- mechanical Carpenter

2.3 Technological calculation of production areas, areas and warehouses

Calculation of the areas of maintenance and repair zones:

Fz = fa * Xz * Kp; (37)

where fa is the area occupied by the car in the plan (in terms of overall dimensions), m2;

Xz is the number of posts;

Kp - the coefficient of the density of the arrangement of posts.

The coefficient Kp is the ratio of the area occupied by cars, driveways, aisles, workplaces, to the sum of the areas of cars in the plan. The value of Kp depends on the dimensions of the vehicle and the location of the posts.

Calculation of the areas of production sites.

The area of production sites can be calculated in 3 ways:

1. By the area of the room occupied by the equipment and the density coefficient of its arrangement:

Fу = f about * Kp; (38)

f about - equipment area.

To calculate Fу, a list of equipment is preliminarily drawn up on the basis of the Timesheet and catalogs of technological equipment and its total area f about for the site is determined.

2. At the specific rate for 1 worker and subsequent:

Fuch = fр1 + fр2 * (Pt-1); (39)

where fр1 is the specific area per 1 worker;

fр2 - specific area of subsequent ones;

Рт - the number of workers in this area.

3. The GIPROAVTOTRANS method.

Calculation of warehouse areas.

Warehouses are calculated using two methods:

1. By the stored stock:

Fsc = fob * Kp; (40)

2. Specific rate per 1 million km of run:

Fsc = (Lg * Au * fud) / 106 * Kp * Kraz * Kps; (41)

where Lg is the annual mileage;

fud is the specific rate of the stock of lubricants;

Kр - coefficient taking into account the size of the ATP;

Kraz is a coefficient that takes into account the difference in size;

Kps - coefficient taking into account the type of rolling stock.

Calculation of the area of the storage area.

The storage area is determined by the formula

Fхр = Au * fa * Kхр; (42)

where fa is the area occupied by the car in the plan;

Kхр - coefficient taking into account the location. Kxp = 3.0

Calculation of the area of auxiliary rooms

Рт = Ррр + Рмог + Рв + Ритр; (43)

2.4 Equipment selection

The technological equipment includes stationary and portable machines, stands, instruments, fixtures and production equipment (workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets) necessary to ensure the production process of the ATU. Technological equipment for production purposes is divided into basic (machine, dismantling and assembly, etc.), complete, lifting and inspection and lifting and transport, general purpose(workbenches, racks, etc.) and warehouse.

When selecting equipment, use the "Table of technological equipment and specialized tools", catalogs, reference books, etc. indicative list equipment for performing various maintenance and repair works and its number, depending on the type and list number of vehicles at the ATP. The nomenclature and quantity of technological equipment given in the Table are set for average conditions. Therefore, the nomenclature and the number of individual types of equipment for the designed ATP can be adjusted by calculation, taking into account the specifics of the enterprise's work (accepted methods of organizing work, the number of posts, the mode of operation of zones and sections, etc.).

The number of main equipment is determined either by the labor intensity of work and the fund of working hours of the equipment or by the degree of use of the equipment and its productivity.

Table 2.5 Technological equipment of the workplace

Name	Type or model	dimensions, mm	Quantity, pcs	Cost, tenge

Car wash brush
Compressed air gun
Parts washing plant		1900CH2200CH2000
Car wash installation		6500CH3500CH3000

Grease blower
Grease blower
Oil dispensing tank
Installation for filling with transmission oil
Installation for anti-corrosion coatings
Tip for air dispensing hose
Air dispensing column for cars
Compressor
Compressometer
Device for determining the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group of engines
Engine Cylinder Efficiency Meter

Testing device fuel pump carburetor engines
Battery probes
Battery probes
Set of instruments and tools for batteries
Device for checking anchors of starter and electric motors
Distributor breaker testing devices
Spark Plug Cleaning and Inspection Kit
Stand for testing generators, relay-regulators and starters

Device for checking and adjusting car headlights
Installation for rapid charging of batteries
Universal unit for starting engines in cold weather
Front wheel alignment ruler
Stand for control and adjustment of car installation angles
Car wheel balancing machine
Vehicle Steering Tester
Deselerometer
Test stand for hydraulic brakes and clutch drives
Car brake test stand
Diagnostic equipment complex
Set of double-sided wrenches with open jaws
Combination wrench set
Socket wrenches
Fitter's tool kit
Big Fitter's Tool Kit
Carburetor regulator tool kit
Auto mechanic tool kit	I131, I132, I133
A set of tools for adjusting the angles of installation of steering wheels of cars
Hydraulic Power Steering Tool Kit
Car electrical tool kit
Sets of tools and accessories with hydraulic drive for car body straightening
Wrench for wheel nuts
Drill for grinding engine valves
Stand for assembling and disassembling car engines
Disassembly and assembly stand front axle car
Pressing and machine tools
Machine for boring brake drums and turning brake pads
Stand for mounting and dismounting tires of car wheels

Table 2.6 Technological equipment

Name	Model or GOST	Quantity	Cost, tenge

Locksmith vice	GOST 4045-57
Bench hammer, 500 g	GOST-2310-54
Copper hammer weighing 500 g	PNM 1468-17-370
Portable flaw detector
Magnetometer
Wooden hammer (mallet)
The machine for hand hacksaws is dense
Hacksaw blade 300Ch13Ch0.8 mm
Straight tweezers, length 175 mm	Normal VNII
Locksmith chisel 15 ° C60 °	GOST 2711-54
Hair brush
Hand taps М4чМ12	GOST 10903-64
Load fork	NIIAT-LE-2
Acid meter
Electric soldering iron	GOST 7219-54
Funnel for filling electrolyte
Hotplate
Ceramic mug
Lead spill bucket
Drying cabinet
Hand drill	GOST 2310-54
Air hose with pressure gauge	GOST 9921-61
Roughing tool kit

Table 2.7 Organizational rigging

Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions in plan, mm	Quantity	Cost, tenge

Battery repair workbench
Cabinet for devices and fixtures
Rack for devices and fixtures
Fume hood for lead and mastic melting
Equipment stand
Acid bottle stand	NIIAT-AR-2
Sand box
Locksmith workbench
Rack for storing tires and wheels		2000CH1000CH2000
Storage area for cameras	Own production
Workwear storage cabinet	Article 245
Camera repair workbench
Waste bin

3 . CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Master plan requirements

The general plan of an enterprise is a plan of a land plot of a territory allotted for building, oriented in relation to public passages and neighboring estates, indicating buildings and structures on it according to their overall outline, areas for garage-free storage of rolling stock across the territory.

Master plans are developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89 - 80 "General plans of industrial enterprises", SNiP II-60 - 75 "Planning and development of cities, villages and rural settlements", SNiP II-93 - 74 "Car service enterprises "And ONTP-ATP-STO - 80.

When designing an enterprise for the specific conditions of a given city or other settlement, development master plan is preceded by the choice of a land plot for construction, which is important for achieving the greatest efficiency in the construction of an ATP and the convenience of its operation. The main requirements for plots when choosing them are:

the optimal size of the site (preferably rectangular with a side ratio from 1: 1 to 1: 3);

relatively flat terrain and good hydrogeological conditions;

close location to public roads and utilities;

the ability to provide heat, water, gas and electricity, discharge of sewage and storm water;

lack of buildings to be demolished;

the possibility of reservation of the area of the site, taking into account the prospects for the development of the enterprise.

The construction of a master plan is largely determined by the space-planning solution of buildings (the size and configuration of the building, the number of floors, etc.), therefore, the master plan and space-planning decisions are interconnected and are usually worked out simultaneously during design.

Before the development of the general plan, the list of the main buildings and structures located on the territory of the enterprise, the area of their development and overall dimensions in the plan are preliminarily specified.

At the stage of feasibility study and with preliminary calculations, the required area of the enterprise site (in hectares):

Fuch = 10-6 (Fz.ps + Fz.ws + Fop) Kz (44)

where Fz.ps - the area of construction of industrial and warehouse buildings, m2;

Fz.vs - construction area of auxiliary buildings, m2;

Fop - area of open areas for storage of rolling stock, m2;

Kz - the density of the building area,%

Depending on the layout of the main premises (buildings) and structures of the enterprise, the development of the site can be united (blocked) or separated (pavilion). In a combined development, all the main production facilities are located in one building, and in a disconnected one - in separate buildings.

When developing master plans, buildings and structures with production processes accompanied by the release of smoke and dust into the atmosphere, as well as with explosive processes, must be located in relation to other buildings and structures from the windward side. Warehouses of flammable and combustible materials in relation to production buildings should be located on the leeward side. Buildings equipped with light aeration lanterns should preferably be oriented in such a way that the axes of the lanterns are perpendicular or at an angle of 45 ° to the prevailing direction of summer winds.

When placing buildings, it is necessary to take into account the terrain and hydrogeological conditions. The rational arrangement of buildings should ensure that the minimum amount of earthwork is carried out when planning the site. Thus, buildings of rectangular configuration in plan, as a rule, should be placed in such a way that the long side of the building is located perpendicular to the direction of the slope in the territory of the site.

The main indicators of the master plan are the area and density of the building, the utilization rates and landscaping of the territory.

The building area is defined as the sum of the areas occupied by buildings and structures of all types, including sheds, open parking lots and warehouses, reserve areas, designated in accordance with the design assignment. The building area does not include areas occupied by blind areas, sidewalks, by road, outdoor sports grounds, recreation areas, green spaces, outdoor car parks.

The building density of an enterprise is determined by the ratio of the building area to the area of the enterprise's site.

The utilization factor of the territory is determined by the ratio of the area occupied by buildings, structures, open areas, roads, sidewalks and landscaping to the total area of the enterprise.

The greening factor is determined by the ratio of the area to the total area of the enterprise.

Requirements for the production building.

The space-planning solution of the building is subordinated to its functional purpose. It is developed taking into account climatic conditions, modern building requirements, the need for maximum blocking of buildings, the need to ensure the possibility of changing technological processes and expanding production without significant reconstruction of the building, environmental protection requirements, fire and sanitary and hygienic requirements, as well as a number of others related to heating , power supply, ventilation, etc.

The most important of these requirements is the industrialization of construction, which provides for the installation of a building from prefabricated unified, mainly reinforced concrete structural elements (fundamental blocks, columns, beams, trusses, etc.) manufactured in an industrial way. Industrialization of construction requires unification of structural elements in order to limit the range and number of standard sizes of manufactured elements. This is ensured by the structural scheme of the building based on the use of a unified grid of columns that serve as supports for the covering or interfloor overlap of the building.

The grid of columns is measured by the distance between the axes of the rows in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The dimensions of the spans and the spacing of the columns, as a rule, should be a multiple of 6 m.As an exception, with proper justification, it is allowed to take spans of 9 m.

Single-storey industrial buildings of ATP are mainly designed of frame type with a grid of columns 18 × 12 and 24 × 12 m. The use of a grid of columns with a pitch of 12 m allows better use of production areas and a 4 - 5% reduction in construction costs compared to similar buildings with a column pitch of 6 m.

For multi-storey buildings, reinforced concrete building structures are currently designed for grids of columns 6CH6, 6CH9, 6CH12 and 9CH12 m. At the same time, an enlarged grid of columns (18CH6 and 18CH12 m) is allowed on the top floor. Multi-storey buildings with a larger grid of columns require the use of individual structures, which, to a certain extent, hinders the wider use of multi-storey vehicles for both special equipment and trucks.

The height of the premises, that is, the distance from the floor to the bottom of the structure of the covering (floor) or suspended equipment is taken taking into account the provision of the requirements of the technological process, the requirements of unifications construction parameters buildings and placement of overhead transport equipment (conveyors, hoists, etc.).

In the absence of suspension devices, the height of the industrial premises is calculated from the top of the tallest vehicle in its working position plus at least 2.8 m. The height of the industrial premises, into which cars do not enter, must also be at least 2.8 m.

The height of the premises for the posts of maintenance and repair, depending on the type of rolling stock, arrangement of posts and overhead equipment is given in the table:

Table 3.1 The height of the premises of the posts of maintenance and repair according to ONTP-ATP-STO - 80, m.

The height of the premises in one-story parking lots should be taken 0.2 m higher than the height of the tallest car stored in the room, but in all cases not less than 2 m.However, in fact, the height of the parking spaces in a one-story building, based on the requirements for unification of building elements, is taken as 3.6 m with spans of 12 m, and 4.8 m - with spans of 18 and 24 m.

The height of the floors of multi-storey buildings (from the level of the finished floor to the level of the finished floor of the next floor) is taken as 3.6 or 4.8 m.

Basic requirements for a post, site, zone.

The technological layout of zones and sections is a plan for the arrangement of posts, a car-waiting and storage areas, technological equipment, production equipment, handling and other equipment and is the technical documentation of the project, according to which the equipment is placed and mounted. The degree of elaboration and detailing of the technological layout depends on the design stage.

The planning solution of the TO and TR zones is developed taking into account the requirements of SNiP ІІ-93 - 74.

For the placement of posts for washing and cleaning of cars of II, III and IV categories, as well as posts for maintenance and repair of cars, separate production facilities should be provided.

In areas with an average temperature of the coldest month above 0 °, posts for washing and cleaning cars, as well as posts for performing fastening and adjustment work (without disassembling units and assemblies) may be placed in open areas or under sheds. On ATP up to 200 cars of I, II and III categories or up to 50 cars of IV category in the same room with the posts of TO and TR, it is allowed to place the following sections: engine, aggregate, mechanical, electrical and carburetor (power devices).

The posts (lines) of cleaning and washing operations are usually located in separate rooms, which is associated with the nature of the operations performed (noise, spray, evaporation).

Diagnostic posts are located either in separate rooms or in a common room with TO and TR posts.

The planning solution and the dimensions of the TO and TR zones depend on the chosen construction grid of the columns, the arrangement of the posts, their relative position and the width of the passage in the zones.

4 . ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

Enterprise management is a complex process. It should ensure the unity of action and the purposefulness of the work of the collectives of all divisions of the enterprise, the effective use of various equipment in the labor process, the interconnected coordinated activity of the workers. From which management is defined as a process of purposeful impact on production to ensure its effective implementation.

The enterprise is a complex system. Any system has a manageable and control system. The first consists of a number of interconnected production complexes: main and auxiliary workshops, various kinds of services. The second is a set of controls. Both systems are connected by means of information coming from control objects, as well as from external sources of information to the control system, and decisions made on the basis of this information, which are sent in the form of commands to the controlled system for execution.

The proportional relationship of the individual parts of the system is the main requirement for its functioning. However, every system is not stable once and for all. It develops, changes, improves. In this case, the impact on the enterprise is possible not only from the system, but also from other systems.

The production process and its specific features necessitate the establishment of appropriate forms and functions of management. Schematically, production management can be represented in the form of a series of main stages, covering the collection of the necessary initial information, its transfer to the heads of the relevant departments, its processing and analysis, the development of decisions and, finally, the analysis of the results of the work performed and the collection of new information.

4.2 Form of management LLP "Avtopark"

Avtopark LLP has adopted a line-staff form of management, formed on the basis of linear and functional management systems, in which the single-head manager has a headquarters consisting of functional cells (departments, departments, groups, individual specialists) corresponding to a specific management function. The line-staff management system provides the most effective combination of one-man management with the activities of competent specialists, contributing to an increase in the level of production management.

Figure 4.1 Administrative subordination scheme of Avtopark LLP

4.3 Enterprise management LLP "Avtopark"

All organizational units of the management of Avtopark LLP, including operational, technical and economic services, carry out their activities in close cooperation and under the leadership of the director of the enterprise and his deputies.

The director is entrusted with responsible duties: organization of material and technical supply, scientific organization of labor at the enterprise; management of work on the introduction of new equipment and technology, improvement of the transport process and the fulfillment of obligations by the enterprise to the state budget and the bank. The selection and training of personnel, labor protection and safety, housing and social and cultural construction also require close and constant attention from the head of the enterprise.

The director of the enterprise is endowed with great rights. He establishes the structure of the management apparatus, approves the transfinplan based on the assignments of the higher organization within the limits provided for by law, makes changes to the plan, accepts orders for transportation from other organizations, makes changes to the title lists of construction, approves and, if necessary, changes design tasks and estimate financial calculations for the construction of individual objects.

The head of the workshops is responsible for the implementation of the plan in all respects, the proper technical condition and use of rolling stock, the organization of the work of drivers, repair and other workers, the state of labor discipline, and work to improve working conditions. They are endowed with rights in terms of encouraging and punishing workers in columns and workshops, assigning workers qualifying category... On their submission, the issues of hiring and firing workers and other shop workers are resolved.

The director in his work relies on the collective of workers and public organizations, and solves many issues jointly.

The foremen are at the head of each site and are its technical and economic leader. They organize the production process, ensure strict adherence to technological discipline and high quality maintenance of vehicle repairs.

The operation service organizes its work on the established transportation plan for the serviced enterprises and organizations by types of cargo and consignors, as well as the passenger transportation plan. It seeks opportunities for the most rational implementation of these transportations at the lowest cost.

The planning department is guided by the current regulations and, on the basis of the director's instructions, organizes the development of long-term and current plans of the enterprise, manages the preparation of plans in the columns and workshops, coordinates the work of other departments in drawing up the corresponding sections of the plans, communicates the approved plans to the columns, workshops and services. The personnel department develops proposals for improving the organization of work of drivers, repair and other workers of the enterprise, improving the wage system and resolves issues related to the ordering of wages.

The multiplicity factor between the values of the average cycle mileage of the accepted periodicity of TO-2 is determined by the formula:

n3 = Lcr / L2,

where Lcr - mileage rate to KR;

Lcr = 129600; L2 = 11200;

n3 = 129600/11200 = 11.57 (we take 12).

Then the accepted value of the average cycle mileage is determined by the formula:

Lcr = L2 * n3,

where L2 is the normative frequency of TO-2;

n3 is the correction factor;

L2 = 11200; n3 = 12;

Lcr = 11200 * 12 = 134400 km.

2.1.4 Correction of the rate of days of downtime in maintenance and repair

Correction of the rate of downtime in maintenance and repair is determined by the formula:

dt and tr = d n then and tr * K4 (wed), days / 1000 km

where K4 (cf) is the coefficient of correction of the norms of the specific labor intensity of the current repair and the duration of downtime in maintenance and repair, depending on the mileage from the beginning of operation.

Since our mileage since the beginning of operation is 242,000 km, and the mileage for the VAZ-21102 to KR is 180,000, the share of the mileage since the start of operation will be 242,000/180000 = 1.34. Then K4 (cf) = 1.4

dt and tr = 0.3 * 1.4 = 0.42 days / 1000 km

2.1.5 Correction of the specific labor intensity of TO-1

Correction of the specific labor intensity of the current repair is determined by the formula:

tto-1 = t n to-1 * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 * K5, man-h / 1000 km

where K1 = 1.2 is the coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on the category of operation

K2 = 1.0 - coefficient taking into account the modification of the rolling stock

К3 = 1.1 - coefficient of standards correction depending on natural and climatic conditions

K4 = 1.6 - the coefficient of correction of the norms of the specific labor intensity of the current repair and the duration of downtime in maintenance and repair, depending on the mileage from the beginning of operation

К5 = 0.95 - coefficient of labor intensity correction

tto-1 = 2.3 * 1.2 * 1.0 * 1.1 * 1.6 * 0.95 = 4.6 man-h / 1000 km

Based on the results of the calculations, we will compile a table for adjusting the mileage of cars to TO-1, TO-2 and KR for a motor transport company (taxi fleet).

Table 2 - Correction of mileage to TO-1, TO-2 and KR

2.1.6 Calculation of the amount of maintenance for 1 car per cycle

The amount of TO-2 is found by the formula:

N2 = Lcr / L2-Nc,

L2 - normative frequency of TO-2;

Nк - the number of KR per cycle;

Lcr = 134400 km; L2 = 11200 km; Nk = 1;

N2 = 134400 / 11200-1 = 11.

The number of TO-1 is found by the formula:

N1 = Lcr / L1-Nc-N2,

where Lcr is the value of the mileage to KR;

L1 - normative frequency of TO-1;

Nк - the number of KR per cycle;

N2 - the number of TO-2 for 1 car;

Lcr = 134400 km; L1 = 2800 km; Nk = 1; N2 = 11;

N1 = 134400 / 2800-1-11 = 36.

The amount of EO is found by the formula:

Neo = Lcr / Lcc,

where Lcr is the value of the mileage to KR;

Lcc is the average daily mileage of the vehicle;

Lcr = 134400 km; Lcc = 400 km;

Neo = 134400/400 = 336

2.1.7 Technical availability factor

The technical readiness factor for each car at the enterprise is determined by the cycle mileage:

αt = De / (De + Dto and tr + Dkr),

where De - days of operation for a cycle run:

De = Lcr / Lss, days

where Lcr = 134400 km is the calculated value, the corrected rate of overhaul mileage

Lcc = 400 km - average daily mileage

Te = 134400/400 = 336 days

days of downtime in MOT and TR per cycle run:

Dto and tr = Lcr * dto and tr / 1000, days

where dt and tr = 0.42 is the calculated value

Dto and tr = 134400 * 0.42 / 1000 = 57 days

days of downtime in the Kyrgyz Republic:

Dcr = dcr + dtrans, days

where dcr = 18 days - the initial standard

dtrans = 0.15 * d cr, days - days of transportation

dtrans = 0.15 * 18 = 3 days

Dkr = 18 + 3 = 21 days

αt = 336 / (336 + 57 + 21) = 0.81

2.1.8 Vehicle utilization rate

The vehicle utilization rate is determined by the formula:

αi = Drg * Ki * αt / 365

where Drg is the number of working days per year

αт - coefficient of technical readiness

Ki = 0.93 - coefficient of the system of using technically sound vehicles for organizational reasons

αi = 253 * 0.93 * 0.81 / 365 = 0.52

2.1.9 Annual mileage

The annual mileage is determined by the formula:

∑Lg = 365 * Au * lss * αi, km

where Au = 210 is the list of ATP cars, pcs.

lcc = 400 km - average daily mileage

αi - vehicle utilization rate

∑Lg = 365 * 210 * 400 * 0.52 = 15943200 km

The coefficient of transition from cycle to year is found by the formula:

hg = Lg / Lcr,

where Lg = ∑Lg / Ai is the annual mileage of the car;

Lcr is the value of the mileage to KR;

Lg = 15943200/210 = 75920 km; Lcr = 134400 km;

hg = 75920/134400 = 0.56

The annual production program is determined by the formula:

Ng = åLg / Lcr;

Ng = 15943200/134400 = 119

The replacement program is calculated by the formula:

Ncm = Ng / Drg * Scm * hg

where Ccm = 1 - single-shift operating mode;

Ncm = 119/253 * 1 * 0.56 = 1.36 (we take Ncm = 2)

2.1.10 Total annual labor intensity of TO-1

The annual volume of work (the time it takes production workers to complete the annual production program) is the annual labor intensity of product repair in man-hours.

∑Tto-1 = tto-1 * ∑Lg / 1000, person-h

where tto-1 = 4.6 man-h is the adjusted specific labor intensity;

∑Tto-1 = 4.6 * 15943200/1000 = 73338.7 man-h

2.2 Calculation of universal posts TO-1

The tact of fasting is determined by the formula:

τ = (tto-1 * 60 / Rp) + ttrans.,

where tto-1 is the labor intensity of work on TO-1;

Рп - the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post;

tper - the time of movement of the car when it is installed at the post;

tto-1 = 4.6; Pn = 2; tper = 2;

τ = (4.6 * 60/2) +2 = 140;

Knowing the operating mode of the zone and the daily production program, the production rhythm is determined:

Rto-1 = Tsn * C * 60 / Nc to-1,

where Tsn is the frequency of the working shift of the TO-1 zone;

С - the number of shifts in the operation of the TO-1 zone;

Ns to-1 - daily production program of the TO-1 zone;

Tsn = 7; c = 1; Nc to-1 = 17;

Rtr = 7 * 1 * 60/2 = 210

The number of universal posts for performing TR is determined by the formula:

Xto-2 = Rto-1 / τ

where τ is the tact of the post of the TO-1 zone;

Rtr - production rhythm in TO-1 zone;

τ = 140; Rto-2 = 210;

Xto-1 = 210/140 = 1.5 (we take 2 posts).

2.3 Calculation of the number of production workers

The number of technologically necessary performers who actually come to work in the TO-1 zone is calculated by the formula:

Рт = ∑Тto-1 / FM, people

where ∑Tto-1 is the annual labor intensity of work in the TO-1 zone;

FM = 1860 - annual fund of time.

c - the distribution of people working at the posts at the same time.

c = 8,

Рт = 73338.7 / 1860 * 5 = 4.92 people (we accept 5 car mechanics)

2.4 Selection and justification of the method of organizing the technological process

The choice of the method of organizing the technological process is determined according to the shift (daily) program Nc to-1 = 2, which is less than recommended for the flow method (Nc to-1 = 6 - 8) services, therefore, in this case, either the method of dead-end specialized posts should be applied, or the method of universal posts. The method of universal posts leads to frequent transitions of workers of certain specialties between posts, to movement from place to place with equipment and devices. To avoid this, most posts have to be equipped with a whole set of technological equipment, knowing that the need for it will arise only sporadically.

The method of specialized posts creates an opportunity for a wider mechanization of work, contributes to an increase in labor and technological discipline, the need for the same type of equipment decreases, the quality of repairs and labor productivity increase. Thus, we choose the method of dead-end specialized posts.

2.5 Distribution of workers by positions of specialty, qualifications and jobs

Table 3 - Distribution by posts

Table 4 - Distribution of workers by specialties, qualifications and jobs

Worker No.	Number of performers	Speciality	Qualification	Serviced
				Clutch, gearbox, wheel drive, brake system
				Steering, front and rear suspension
				Tires and hubs
				Car diagnostics and adjustment.
		Locksmith-auto-electrician		Electrical equipment and power supply system.

2.6 Selection of technological equipment

This project provides for the organization of TO-1 at dead-end posts by specialized sections of workers, in the TO-1 zone, related maintenance work is carried out.

Table 5-List of technological equipment

	equipment identification		Overall dimensions dimensions, m

	Oil dispensing tank

	Air Dispenser
	Exhaust gas suction unit
	Wooden grate for feet		Not standard
	Brake parameter test kit
	Waste bin
	Chest for cleaning materials
	Locksmith workbench
	Post of an electrician-system engineer
	Cabinet for devices and fixtures
	Tool box
	Battery transport trolley
	Fire shield and sand box
	Tank for brake fluid
	Hydraulic mobile lift
	Compressor for tire inflation
	Transport trolley
	Inspection ditch
	Rotary rack
	Crane beam
	Electric slot wrench
	Assembly table

2.7 Calculation of the area of the TO-1 zone

The area of the zone is determined by the formula:

Fto-1 = fo * Kn + Xto-1 * fa,

where fа is the area of the vehicle in the plan;

ХТО-1 - the number of universal posts;

Кn - coefficient of density of arrangement of posts taking into account the presence of passages and driveways;

fo - equipment area, sq. m .;

fа = 1.65 * 4.33 = 7.14 m 2; Xto-1 = 2; Kn = 4.5;

Fto-1 = 11.159 * 5.0 + 2 * 7.14 = 70.075 μV.

We assume the area of the zone is 71 microvolts, namely 9 m in length and 8 m in width.

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

3.1 Organization of ATU

Before entering the territory of the ATP, the car passes through the checkpoint (checkpoint), where it is examined by the duty mechanic. Then, in the EO zone, the car is cleaned, washed and wiped, that is, prepared for use the next day. These works are performed at several sequentially located sites - posts.

Figure 1 - Scheme of the TP of servicing cars in the ATP

A separate room is allocated for the ATP for maintenance-1. Several cars are served in the zone at the same time, they are usually placed one after the other. A large area is occupied by the zones of TO-2 and current repair (TR), which are combined in one room. Cars stay in these zones for a relatively long time, and therefore they are positioned so that cars do not interfere with each other when entering and exiting, and it is convenient for workers to work.

The technical condition of cars is checked, as a rule, before they are sent to the zones of TO-1, TO-2 or current repairs. These works are carried out at the diagnostic point. The car can be re-inspected after service and repair, and therefore diagnostic points are located near technical areas.

In the auxiliary production departments of the ATP, they control and repair parts and assemblies removed from vehicles. Some departments serve only the repair area of the enterprise, while others, in addition to repair work, carry out preventive work.

3.2 Organization of management of the technical service of the ATU

The technical service of the ATP is called upon to maintain the rolling stock in a technically sound condition throughout its entire service life, up to decommissioning. For this purpose, the technical service organizes all types of preventive work, routine repairs, preparation of cars and units for the direction to overhaul, storage of cars and performing a number of other functions.

At the same time, this service monitors the correctness technical operation cars on the line.

The organizational structure of management of the technical service is built on a linear principle, when each department has one immediate boss.

The ATP management structure is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Diagram of the ATP management structure.

The technical service is headed by the chief engineer of the ATP, to whom several functionally independent divisions are subordinated. The number of such units depends on the capacity and purpose of the enterprise, as well as on the adopted organizational structure of management.

The leading role among all technical divisions of the ATP belongs to the production department (workshops), to which all technical zones, sections and workshops with workers are subordinated. The department carries out operational management of all works through a shift technical dispatcher of production. At the enterprises of road transport, a centralized control system for the technical service has become widespread, which is the prototype of the automated control subsystem of the entire ATP as a whole. It provides for a clear separation of administrative and operational functions of management personnel and the concentration of all operational work in the production control center (MCC).

The production control center consists of two groups: the operational planning group, which includes technical production dispatchers, and the information processing and analysis group, which has close operational communication with other departments of the ATU. The MCC provides for work based on the technological principle of the formation of production units. Moreover, each type of technical intervention is performed by a specialized team or section. The team and sites performing work of a homogeneous nature are combined into production complexes.

At the production control center, five independent complexes have been created: diagnostics, maintenance (including EO, TO-1, TO-2), maintenance and repair sites (workshops) and, finally, a production preparation complex. Each complex includes several brigades and sections. Thus, the production preparation complex includes a picking section (selection of a working fund, spare parts) and an intermediate warehouse.

The functions of the technical control department (QCD) include checking the quality of work performed by the workers of the production department, as well as monitoring the technical condition of all vehicles, regardless of their location. Quality control department is administratively subordinate to either the chief engineer or the director of the enterprise. The latter is preferable, since it increases the authority of the quality control department and creates more favorable working conditions for its employees. An important stage in the organization of quality control department is the selection of personnel, in which the principle should operate: the superiority of the knowledge of the controller over the knowledge of the controlled. An employee of the Quality Control Department must know the technological process well, be able not only to detect product defects, but also to establish the cause of their occurrence, and also to participate in the development of measures to improve the quality of product output.

3.3 Organization of the workplace

The place where the work is done must be so adjusted that everything is conducive to the most successful performance of the work. In particular:

The whole work environment should contribute to an increase in labor production and quality, tools should be at hand, convenient places should be allocated for them;

All working devices must be in good working order and in sufficient quantity; for materials, appropriate places should also be allocated in which these materials would not have to be searched;

The room must be consistent with the working conditions in terms of lighting, temperature, humidity.

Any production work must be pre-prepared, that is, supplied with all the necessary equipment for its smooth flow. Namely:

By the beginning of work, tools that are quite appropriate and completely serviceable should be prepared;

All materials and parts that will be needed for its implementation must be delivered to the place of work;

If drawings or structures are required, they must be ready and given to the worker;

Special devices must also be prepared and selected in accordance with the work to be started.

Some conventional ways of working can be fundamentally altered to produce the same results as usual, but in different, faster and easier ways. The initiative and ingenuity of individual workers can play here and in many cases have already played an outstanding and decisive role. The intensity of the work of each worker should be such that, in conditions of good preparation, everything necessary work was conducted without any interruptions, without weakening the pace. One of the main conditions for productive work is a clear division of labor and the organization of the workforce in accordance with qualifications and abilities. Thus, so that a highly qualified worker only produces highly qualified work corresponding to his specialty, and all the prepared work that does not require qualifications is performed by auxiliary workers. The work of the innovator, in addition to high achievements in terms of increasing labor productivity, that is, saving labor, must be accompanied by savings in materials. After all, any material is also the result of the productivity of someone's labor.

Using the full maximum power of the equipment is mandatory.

4. Safety measures and measures for the protection of labor and the environment

Labor protection is understood as a system of legislative acts and the corresponding measures aimed at preserving the health and working capacity of workers. The system of organizational and technical measures and means providing the prevention of industrial injuries is called safety engineering.

Industrial sanitation provides for measures for the correct arrangement and maintenance of industrial enterprises and equipment (proper lighting, correct arrangement of equipment, etc.), the creation of the most healthy and favorable working conditions, preventing occupational diseases of workers. Labor Code is the main provision on labor protection.

Industrial hygiene aims to create the most healthy and hygienically favorable working conditions, preventing occupational diseases of workers.

4.1 Procedure for briefing

At automotive enterprises, the organization of work on safety and industrial sanitation is assigned to the chief engineer. In workshops and at production sites, the responsibility for labor safety is borne by the heads of workshops and foremen. The Senior Safety Engineer and trade union organizations (if any) oversee the implementation of safety and industrial sanitation measures. The directives of the senior safety engineer can only be overridden by the plant manager or chief engineer. One of the main measures to ensure occupational safety is the mandatory instruction of newly hired and periodic instruction of all employees of the enterprise.

The briefing is conducted by the Chief Safety Engineer. Newly recruited people are introduced to the main provisions on labor protection, internal regulations, fire safety requirements, protective equipment for workers and methods of providing first aid to victims, etc. On-the-job instruction showing safe working practices is of particular importance.

All employees, regardless of work experience and qualifications, must undergo re-training once every six months, and persons performing high-security work (welders, etc.) - once every three months.

4.2 Safety requirements for vehicle maintenance and repair

When servicing and repairing vehicles, it is necessary to take measures against their independent movement. Maintenance and repair of a car with a running engine is prohibited, except for the cases of its adjustment.

Hoisting and transport equipment must be in good condition and used only for its intended purpose. When working, do not leave tools at the edge of the inspection ditch, on the steps, hood or fenders of the vehicle. During assembly work, it is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes in the parts to be joined with your fingers: for this, you must use special crowbars, barbs or assembly keys.

During disassembly and assembly of units and assemblies, special pullers and keys should be used. It is not permitted to loosen the nuts with a chisel and hammer. It is forbidden to obstruct the aisles between workplaces.

The operations of removing and installing the springs pose an increased danger, since they have accumulated significant energy.

These operations must be performed on stands or with the help of devices. Hydraulic and pneumatic devices must be equipped with safety and relief valves. Keep the working tool in good condition and clean.

4.3 Industrial hygiene and industrial hygiene requirements

Rooms in which workers carry out maintenance or repairs to the car must be located under it, it must be equipped with inspection ditches, ramps with guiding safety flanges or pullers.

Supply and exhaust ventilation must ensure the removal of emitted vapors and gases and the supply of fresh air. Natural and artificial lighting of workplaces must be sufficient for the safe performance of work.

On the territory of the enterprise, it is necessary to have sanitary facilities - dressing rooms, showers, washrooms.

4.4 Fire safety measures

In all production areas, the following fire safety requirements must be met: smoke only in specially designated areas; do not use open fire; Clean up spilled oil and fuel with sand, etc.

The success of extinguishing a fire depends on the speed of notification, its beginning and its implementation. effective means fire extinguishing. If it is impossible to extinguish with water, the burning surface is covered with special asbestos blankets, foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are used.

4.5 Electrical safety precautions

It is allowed to work only with tools that have protective earthing. The plug connections for switching on the instrument must be grounded. When moving with an electrified tool from one place to another, do not pull on the wire.

It is possible to work with an electrified tool with a voltage exceeding 42 volts only with rubber gloves and standing on a rubber mat. In a room without increased danger, you can use portable lamps with a voltage not exceeding 42 volts.

4.6 Calculation of lighting in the TO-1 zone

The calculation of natural light is reduced to determining the number of window openings with side lighting.

The light area of the window spans of the zone is calculated by the formula:

F ok = F to-1 * a,

where F to-1 = 108 m 2 is the floor area of the TO-1 zone;

a - light coefficient;

a = (0.25+ 0.30), we take a = 0.28;

F ok = 71 * 0.28 = 20 m².

We accept 4 window openings with a total area of 20 m², which provides the necessary illumination of the TO-1 zone. Namely 2.5 meters high, 2.0 meters wide.

Total light output of lamps:

W os = R * F to-1,

where R is the rate of electricity consumption W * m²; we take equal to 15 W * m2

W os = 15 * 71 = 1065 W

We take 5 incandescent lamps with a power of 200 W each, and 1 lamp 75 W.

4.7 Calculation of ventilation

In the TO-1 zone, natural ventilation is provided, and when performing certain operations with substances harmful to health, artificial ventilation is used.

Based on the volume of the room and the multiplicity of the air volume, we calculate the fan performance:

W = V c * K a,

Where V c = h * F to-1 - volume of the room, m 3;

h = 4.2 m - workshop height;

V c = 71 * 4.2 = 298.2 m 3;

К а = 4 - multiplicity of air volume;

W = 298.2 * 4 = 1193 m 3.

Conclusion

During the course design, I studied the structure and methods of operation of the ATP and, in particular, the TO-1 zone. He made calculations for this zone, namely the annual volume of work, area, number of workers. I picked up equipment for this zone TO-1.

He studied the organization of the ATP and, in particular, the TO-1 zone, calculated the lighting and ventilation of the zone.

Attention is focused on safety engineering, industrial sanitation, ecology and other technological indicators.

Number of cars 210 pieces

Annual labor intensity of 73338.7 people / h

The number of production workers 5 people

Land area 71 m 2

Window openings area 20 m 2

Lamp power 1065 W

Bibliography

1. Borzykh I.O., Sukhanov B.N., Bedarev Yu.F., "Maintenance and repair of automobiles", M .: "Transport", 1985.

2. Anisimov A.P. "Organization of planning and planning of the work of auto enterprises" - M .: Transport, 1982.

3. Baranov L.F. "Maintenance and repair of machines", M .: "Harvest", 2001.

4. Barkov G.A. "Maintenance and repair of automobiles", M .: "Rosselmash", 1972.

5. Plekhanov I.P. "Automobile", Moscow: "Education", 1977.

6. Gazaryan A.A. Car maintenance, 1989

7. Nikitenko N.V. The device of cars. Transport., 1988

8. Shvatsky A.A. Mechanic's Handbook, Moscow: Transport, 2000.

9. Kuznetsov A.S., Glazachev S.I. " A practical guide for the repair and maintenance of VAZ "Livre" cars, 1997.

For the selection of equipment according to the nomenclature and quantity, tables of technological equipment and specialized tools for service stations, standard sets of technological equipment for zones and sections of service stations of various capacities, catalogs, reference books are used. The selected equipment is entered into the list:

The complete equipment of the projected section is presented in table. 1-table 3.

Table 1 - Technological equipment

	Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions, mm	Number of units	Area, m 2
	Crane beam
	Lift		2800 × 1650 × 2610
	Solid blower
	Air dispensing column for cars
	Compressor
	Sharpening machine
	Trolley for removing and installing wheels
	Locksmith workbench		1650 × 1600 × 1600
	Mobile tool trolley
	Table vertical hand press
Total: 19.07

Table 2 - Organizational rigging

Table 3 - Industrial containers and containers

3.2 Calculation of the area of the projected unit

To calculate the area of the projected site, the formula is used:

The total area of horizontal projections of equipment located outside the territory occupied by posts, m 2;

Coefficient of density of arrangement of posts and equipment.

The value depends on the size and location of the equipment. With a two-sided arrangement of equipment, the value is taken - 4 ... 4.5.

Thus, the area of the projected site is:

3.3 Site planning

Rice. 3.1 - Plan of the TO zone - 1

Site equipment:

1. Electromechanical lift P - 133.

Lift type - stationary, electro-hydraulic, double-plunger, universal, with a variable distance between the axes of the cylinders. The movable cylinder of the lift is suspended from the carriage, which, with the help of a mechanized drive (electric motor AOL2-11-6, M-103 worm gear-chain transmission), moves along the channel beams fixed in a special ditch.

Rice. 3.2 - Electromechanical lift P - 133

2. Solid blower NIIAT - 390

The solid blower is mounted on a metal plate with four wheels. A hopper 1 with a capacity of 14 kg of lubricant and a plunger pump 6, which develops a pressure of 220-250 kg / cm², are installed on the plate. the pump is driven by an electric motor through a gear reducer, covered by a sump.

Rice. 3.3 - NIIAT solid blower - 390

3. Air-dispensing column С - 411

It is used when inflating or inflating car tires in automatic mode and turning off the air supply when the specified tire pressure is reached. Powered by a stand-alone compressor equipped with a system for air purification from moisture and mechanical impurities

Rice. 3.4- Air-dispensing column С - 411

4. Grinding machine ZE - 631

Designed for sharpening metal-cutting, woodworking and other tools, including drill bits, as well as for locksmith work.

Rice. 3.5 - Grinding machine ZE - 631

5. Crane - beam NS - 12111

The lifting mechanism is of the crane-bridge type, in which the hoist moves along the driving beam. The electric girder crane is driven by an electric motor powered from the mains (via a contact wire or cable).

Rice. 3.6 -. Crane - NS beam - 12111

6. Trolley for removing and installing wheels Н - 217

Mechanical rolling carriage N - 217. Designed for removal and transportation of wheels and wheelsets of trucks, maximum weight of the lifted load 700 kg, maximum force on the drive handle 30 kg., Maximum lifting height 150 mm.

Rice. 3.7 - Trolley for removing and installing wheels Н - 217

The enterprises are working on the development of technological equipment for the maintenance and repair of the vehicle fleet. Service companies often cooperate with manufacturing plants and are not only service companies, but also dealers of a particular plant. In the maintenance and repair of foreign cars, there has been a clear progress towards improving quality. Our auto mechanics are trained in the maintenance and repair of cars at branded service stations

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Introduction

working areas TO-2

TO-2

3 Calculation of costs for TO-2 zone

5 Conclusions

Literature

Introduction

The road transport system of Russia will integrate more and more rapidly into the European and world transport system. The milestones favorable for Russian carriers should be the development of modern methods of maintenance and repair of road transport by domestic enterprises.

Today, about 65% of trucks are subject to retirement. The country's fleet is replenished mainly with foreign-made cars, therefore, car maintenance and repair companies are beginning to increase their volumes and look for new methods of work. Service companies have to create a new technical base for new cars.

At present, the issue of technical re-equipment of vehicle transport stations and service stations that carry out maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport is more relevant than ever.

This paper discusses the issues of expedient reconstruction of the TO-2 zone.

1 Calculation of the actual labor intensity of the TO-2 zone

1.1 Characteristics of the work performed in the TO-2 zone

In this area, fastening and adjustment work is mainly carried out. The list of works is presented in table 1.

Table 1 - Name of zone works

Name of works	Specific weight of works,%
Diagnostic
Adjusting
Lubricating and filling
Fasteners
Electrotechnical

Tire
Total

1.2 Organization of operation of the TO-2 zone

Zone TO-2 works in 3 shifts, the duration of each is 8 hours. The first shift starts at 8:00 and ends at 16:00, the second shift starts at 16:00 and ends at 00:00, the third shift starts at 00:00 and ends at 8:00. Break for rest and meals is provided during working hours.

Work in the zone is carried out by the aggregate-zonal method, the essence of which is to carry out repairs and maintenance at separate posts, specialized for individual vehicle units.

The disadvantage of organizing the operation of the TO-2 zone can be attributed to the non-optimal option for the selection of equipment and its placement.

1.3 Measures for the reconstruction of the TO-2 zone

To eliminate the noted shortcomings, we use new, more productive equipment, we apply new forms of labor organization, we provide repair workers with the necessary tools and devices.

The list of equipment to be introduced in the TO-2 zone is presented in Table 2.

Table 2 - Additional equipment introduced into the zone

In rubles

equipment identification	Type (model)	Quantity, units	Price	total cost
Wrench	ROTAKE RT-5880		16200	16200
Solid blower	ATIS HG-68213		12000	12000

A possible reduction in the labor intensity of work is taken in accordance with the data in Table 2 and the ATEMK guidelines.

The reduction results are presented in Table 3.

Table 3 - Reduction of the labor intensity of the zone

Name of works	Reduction percentage
Diagnostic
Adjusting
Lubricating and filling
Fasteners
Electrotechnical
Maintenance of power systems
Tire

1.4 Calculation of the actual labor intensity of the TO-2 zone

To calculate the actual labor intensity of work, we use the data in tables 1, 2, 3; the data of the ATEMK methodological instructions and the calculation results are presented in Table 4.

Table 4 - Labor intensity of the TO-2 zone

Name of works	Specific weight of works,%	Labor intensity of the project (after rivers), people h	Reduction of labor intensity of work,%	Actual labor intensity (up to rivers), people h	Labor intensity per 1000 km of run, people h
Name of works	Specific weight of works,%	Labor intensity of the project (after rivers), people h	Reduction of labor intensity of work,%	Actual labor intensity (up to rivers), people h			before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Diagnostic		2979,4		2979,4	0,221	0,221
Adjusting		4469,1		4469,1	0,332	0,332
Lubricating and filling		4469,1		5257,76	0,390	0,332
Fasteners		10427,9		13034,87	0,968	0,774
Electrotechnical		2979,4		2979,4	0,221	0,221
Maintenance of power systems		2979,4		2979,4	0,221	0,221
Tire		1489,7		1655,22	0,123	0,111
Total		29794		33355,15	2,476	2,212

2 Calculation of the labor plan and the wage fund for repair

working areas TO-2

2.1 Calculation of the annual fund of working time of a car mechanic

The calculation of the annual fund of working time of a car mechanic, h, is carried out according to the formula

, (1)

where is the number of calendar days in a year, days;

- the number of days off, days;

- quantity holidays, days;

- the number of days of the main vacation, days;

- the number of days of additional leave, days;

- the number of days of absence from work due to illness, days;

- the number of days of absence from work due to

fulfillment of public duties, days;

- the duration of the work shift, h;

- the number of pre-weekend days subject to

reduction, days;

- the number of pre-holiday days, days;

- the number of pre-holiday matches and

pre-weekend days with vacation, days;

- the time of reduction of pre-holiday and pre-holiday

days, h

We accept in accordance with the operating mode of the zone:

days;

2.2 Calculation of the number of repair work areas

The calculation of the number of repair work zones, people, is carried out according to the formula

, (2)

where is the labor intensity of the work performed in the zone, man.h;

- the annual fund of the car mechanic's working time, h.

The calculation of the number of repair work areas is presented in Table 5.

Table 5 - Calculation of the number of repair workers

Indicator name	Indicator value
Indicator name		before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Number of repair workers

2.3 Distribution of repair workers by category

The distribution of repair workers by category is presented in Table 6.

Table 6 - Skill level of repair work areas

Name of works	Total labor intensity, people h		Number of repair workers, people		Discharge
Name of works		before reconstruction	after reconstruction	before reconstruction	after reconstruction	before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Diagnostic	2979,4	2979,4	1,85	1,65
Adjusting	4469,1	4469,1	2,775	2,475
Lubricating and filling	5257,76	4469,1	2,775	2,475
Fasteners	13034,87	10427,9	6,475	5,775
Electrotechnical	2979,4	2979,4	1,85	1,65
Maintenance of power systems	2979,4	2979,4	1,85	1,65
Tire	1655,22	1489,7	0,925	0,825
Total	33355,15	29794	18,5	16,5

2.4 Calculation of the total wage fund for repair work areas

TO-2

The general salary fund for repair workers in the TO-2 zone consists of wages according to the tariff, bonuses and additional wages. The calculation of the average discharge of the repair working area is carried out according to the formula

, (3)

where is the number of the category of the corresponding type of work;

- the number of workers of the corresponding category, people.

The calculation of the average hourly tariff rate of the repair work zone TO-2, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

, (4)

where is the hourly wage rate of the repair worker

corresponding category, rub .;

- coefficient taking into account the presence of harmful working conditions in the zone.

We accept:

rub.;

Calculation of the tariff wages of repair work zones, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

. (5)

The calculation of the additional payment for the leadership of the brigade, rubles, is determined by the formula

, (6)

where is the hourly wage rate of the foreman, rubles;

- normative fund of working time of a car mechanic for

month, h;

- the number of brigades (foremen);

- the percentage of additional payment for the leadership of the brigade.

We accept:

The calculation of the additional payment of repair workers for work in the evening (night), rubles, is carried out according to the formula

, (7)

where - hours of work in the evening (night) shift;

- the percentage of additional payments for work in the evening (night)

shift.

We accept:

18.00-22.00 - evening time;

22.00-06.00 - night time.

The calculation of the premium for repair workers paid from the wage fund, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

, (8)

where is the percentage of bonuses.

We accept:

The calculation of the main wage fund for repair work zones, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

. (9)

The calculation of the percentage of additional wages,%, is carried out according to the formula

, (10)

where is the percentage of additional wages for the period

fulfillment of public duties.

The calculation of the additional wage fund for repair work zones, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

. (11)

The calculation of the total wage fund for repair work zones, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

. (12)

The calculations of the indicators are presented in Table 7.

Table 7 - Calculation of the total wage fund for repair work zones

Indicator name	Indicator value
Indicator name		before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Average discharge of the repair work area
Average hourly wage rate of a repair work area
Salary at the rate of repair work zones

Continuation of table 7

Additional payment for the leadership of the brigade
Supplement for work in the evening and at night
Repair Work Area Award
The main payroll fund for repair work zones
Percentage of additional wages
Additional salary fund for repair work zones

3 Calculation of costs for TO-2 zone

The costs of the TO-2 zone consist of the salary of repair workers, charges for it, the cost of spare parts, repair materials and overhead costs.

The calculation of compulsory insurance premiums, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

, (13)

where is the percentage of mandatory insurance premiums and deductions

v accident insurance fund, rub.

We accept:

The calculation of costs for spare parts, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

, (14)

where is the rate of costs for spare parts per thousand km of run, rubles;

- coefficient taking into account the category of conditions

operation of rolling stock;

- coefficient taking into account the modification of the mobile

composition;

- coefficient taking into account natural and climatic

operating conditions of rolling stock;

- percentage of labor intensity of work on maintenance,

performed in the zone;

- price index.

We accept:

KrAZ 6510	ZIL 431410
rub.	rub.

The calculation of the cost of materials, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

, (15)

where is the rate of costs for materials per thousand km of run on

the corresponding type of exposure, rubles;

- percentage of labor intensity of work on the second technical

maintenance performed in the area.

We accept:

KrAZ 6510	ZIL 431410
rub.	rub.
rub.	rub.

The calculation of overhead costs, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

, (16)

where is the aggregated percentage of overhead costs of the ATP.

We accept:

Calculations of cost indicators for the zone are presented in Table 8.

Table 8 - Cost estimate

Indicator name	Indicator value
		before reconstruction	after reconstruction
General payroll fund for repair work areas
Payroll (mandatory and accident insurance contributions)
Spare parts costs
Repair costs
Overheads

3.1 Calculation of costing

The cost of the zone works is calculated for all cost items per thousand kilometers of run.

The calculation of the cost estimate is presented in table 9.

Table 9 - Cost calculation

Cost type	Cost amount		Costs per 1000 km of run
Cost type		before reconstruction	after reconstruction	before reconstruction	after reconstruction
General payroll fund for repair work areas			419,15	370,90
Payroll			127,00	112,38
Spare parts costs			51,40	51,40
Material costs			73,28	73,28
Overheads			310,17	274,46
Total

4 Calculation of technical and economic indicators of the zone

TO-2

Technical and economic indicators characterize the results of the zone reconstruction.

The calculation of labor productivity of repair work zones, thousand km / person, is carried out according to the formula

. (17)

The calculation of the average monthly wage of repair work zones, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

. (18)

The calculation of the savings in annual operating costs (prime cost), rubles, is carried out according to the formula

. (19)

The calculation of the payback period of additional capital investments, years, is carried out according to the formula

, (20)

where is additional investment (cost

of the installed equipment), rub.

The calculation of the savings in the reduced annual costs, rubles, is carried out according to the formula

, (21)

where is the standard value of the coefficient of economic

investment efficiency.

We accept:

The calculation of indicators is presented in table 10.

Table 10 - Technical and economic indicators

Indicator name	Indicator value
Indicator name		before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Labor productivity of the repair work area
Average monthly salary of a repair work area
Saving annual operating costs (prime cost)
Payback period of capital investments
Savings in the discounted annual costs

4.1 Calculation of deviations of technical and economic indicators

The calculation of deviations according to the indicators obtained as a result of the zone reconstruction is presented in Table 11.

Table 11 - Deviations of technical and economic indicators

Indicator name	Indicator value		Indicator deviation
Indicator name		before reconstruction	after reconstruction	absolute	relative,%
Total mileage of cars, km	13467624	13467624
The number of repair workers, people	18,5	16,5		10,8

Continuation of table 11

Labor productivity of repair work areas	728,0	816,2	88,2	12,1
Average monthly wages of repair work zones, rubles	25427,63	25227,91	199,72
Payback period, years (years)		0,02
Saving current annual costs (prime cost), rub.		1327558,76
Saving of the reduced annual costs, rub.		1323328,76

5 Conclusions

As a result of the introduction into the TO-2 zone additional equipment the value of the following indicators has changed:

- the number of repair workers decreased from 18.5 to 16.5 people;

- the average monthly wage of a repair worker decreased from 25427.63 to 25227.91 rubles;

- labor productivity of the repair worker increased by 88.24 thousand km / person;

- additional equipment introduced into the TO-2 zone will pay off in 0.02 years;

savings in annual operating costs amounted to 1,327,558.76 rubles, and savings in reduced costs - 1,323,328.76 rubles.

The above data allow us to conclude that it is advisable to reconstruct the TO-2 zone.

Literature

Kononova, G.A. Road transport economics Text  : textbook for university students / A.G. Budrin, E.V. Budrina,

M.G. Grigoryan and others; Ed. G.A. Kononova. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2005. - 320 p. - 4000 copies. - ISBN 5-7695-2195 - 3 (in lane).

Position on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport.- M .: Transport, 1988.

Razdorozhny, A.A.Industry economy (road transport) Text  : a textbook for university students / A.A. Razdorozhny. - M .: RIOR 2009 .-- 316 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-369-00509-5 (in lane).

Turevsky, I.S. Economics and management of a trucking company Text  : textbook for students of institutions of secondary vocational education / I.S. Turevsky - M .: Higher school, 2005. - 222 p.: ill. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-06-005102-1.

Ulitsky, M.P. Organization, planning and management in trucking companies Text  : textbook for students of higher educational institutions / M.P. Ulitskiy - M .: Transport, 1994. - 328 p. - 3500 copies. - ISBN 5-277-01039-4.

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After analyzing the work of the enterprise, I came to the conclusion that the level of car maintenance at the enterprise is unsatisfactory, accompanied by a large expenditure of time and money. As a result, I chose the topic of my thesis project in which I set myself the task of reconstructing the production and technical base and installing additional equipment: a lifting mechanism in order to increase labor productivity, reduce the labor intensity of work and reduce the time spent on repairs.

The diploma project consists of a settlement and explanatory note and a graphic part on 10 sheets.

The first page of the graphic part presents the general plan of OOO Severgazstroy.

The types of activity of the enterprise are: the organization of the transportation of technological and economic cargo, watch personnel and the provision of units with vehicles and special-purpose equipment.

The general plan of the enterprise is presented on the first sheet of the graphic part, it includes: TO and R zones, specialized areas, storage rooms, parking zones; administrative and amenity premises.

The second sheet shows the production building of the enterprise designed to perform the required list of maintenance and repair work. The production building houses various sections.

The third sheet shows the TO and TR zone of the production and technical base of OOO Severgazstroy before reconstruction.

The fourth sheet shows the maintenance and repair zone of the production and technical base of Severgazstroy LLC after reconstruction. As a result of the reconstruction of the production and technical base, the missing equipment was purchased.

The calculation and design section contains the calculation of the movement mechanism for a single-girder overhead crane, the choice of an electric motor and the selection of a brake.

The sixth and seventh sheets show an assembly drawing of the steel structure and the end girder of the designed overhead crane. It is a structure of corners, channels and sheet metal, fastened with welded and bolted joints.

The labor protection section provides an analysis of hazardous and harmful factors in the reconstructed production and technical base, measures have been developed to improve the working conditions of repair workers and reduce injuries. The calculation of lighting, general ventilation, heating, calculation of the amount of production waste for the commissioned enterprise was carried out, the standards of fire safety in production with the arrangement of fire equipment were also given.

The ninth sheet shows a general ventilation diagram with the necessary equipment.

The tenth sheet shows the indicators of the economic efficiency of the project from the implementation of the project, the economic profit of the second year was 1,691,964 rubles, the profitability index was 1.733 rubles, the payback period was 1.198. Based on the results of the calculations, we conclude that the project can be implemented, since it meets the investor's expectations in terms of payback periods and design solutions.

Introduction 5

1 Analytical Section 7

1.1 Description of the enterprise 7
1.2 Financial and economic activities of the enterprise 9
1.3 Management structure 9
1.4 Number of rolling stock 10
1.5 Climatic conditions 12
1.6 Organization of maintenance and repair 13
1.7 Scheme of the master plan of LLC Severgazstroy 16
1.8 Justification for the choice of the topic of the diploma project 18

2 Settlement and technological section 20

2.1 Initial data for calculation 20
2.2 Calculation of the production program 23
2.3 Determining the frequency of maintenance and repair 23
2.4 Determination of the number of maintenance and repair work per one car per cycle 25
2.5 Determination of the number of maintenance and repairs for one car and the entire fleet per year 25
2.6 Number of technical actions 26
2.7 Number of maintenance services for the entire fleet per year 26
2.8 Annual volume for maintenance and repairs 27
2.9 Distribution of the scope of maintenance and repair work 29
2.10 Calculation of the number of posts of TO and TR 30
2.11 Calculation of the number of production workers 31
2.10 Calculation of the number of posts of TO and TR 31
2.11 Calculation production areas zones TO and R 32
2.12 Equipment for the area of TO and R 32
2.13 Process flow diagram 33
2.14 Justification of the choice of the technological process of maintenance and repair of cars for the production and technical base 33
2.15 Layout of the production and technical base with the arrangement of technological equipment 34

3 Design section 38

3.1 Determining the dimensions of the running wheels 39
3.2 Determining the static resistance to crane movement 41
3.3 Choice of motor 42
3.4 Brake selection 45

4 Labor protection and environmental safety 49

4.1 Goals and objectives of OSH in the industry 49
4.2 The main directions of state policy in the field of labor protection 49
4.3 Procedure for the selection and training of personnel for work at OOO Severgazstroy 50
4.3.1 Requirements for personnel at the enterprise for qualification 50
4.3.2 The procedure for the selection of performers, registration of documents for employment 51
4.3.3 The procedure for conducting and topics of briefings on labor protection 52
4.3.4 Training and internships for performers, testing knowledge of safe working practices and issuing admissions to independent work at OOO Severgazstroy 53
4.3.5 Frequency of briefings and training of personnel in subsequent periods of work 54
4.4 Analysis of hazardous and harmful factors during the performance of work and measures to protect personnel from the effects of harmful and hazardous factors 55
4.4.1 List of hazardous (traumatic) and harmful (disease-causing) factors at the facility 55
4.4.2 Measures to protect personnel (locksmiths) from harmful and dangerous factors arising during the performance of work on the site of TO and R 56
4.4.3 The list, procedure for the issuance, maintenance, use and replacement of personal protective equipment for personnel at the design facility 56
4.4.4 The procedure for providing locksmiths with the means to provide the first medical care, sanitary facilities for short-term rest, meals, personal hygiene measures 57
4.5 Labor protection requirements for lighting, heating and ventilation at OOO Severgazstroy 57
4.5.1 Lighting and costs electrical energy for lighting of the TO and R 57 zone
4.5.2 Consumption of heat energy for heating to ensure the normalized values of the air temperature of the working area during the heating period of storage areas of rolling stock 60
4.5.3 Calculation of ventilation in order to dissolve harmful impurities in the air of the working area within the permissible concentration of rolling stock storage areas 60
4.5.4 Calculation of heat energy consumption for ventilation of rolling stock storage areas 61
4.6 System of measures to protect the environment during the implementation of the project 62
4.6.1 Analysis of production processes at the designed facility to determine the mass of waste considered as polluting environmental factors 63
4.7 Fire protection system of the diagnostic station 63
4.7.1 General fire safety requirements for the TO and R area 63
4.7.2 Regulatory requirements for the provision of a production site with fire extinguishing equipment 64

5 Economic Section 65

5.1 Calculation of investments for the project 65
5.1.1 Calculation of current (operating) costs 69
5.2 Salary costs 72
5.3 Calculation of premiums 74
5.4 Calculation of depreciation deductions 75
5.5 Calculation of miscellaneous costs 76
5.6 Total cost 78
5.7 Income from commercial activities 78
5.8 Calculation of balance sheet profit 78
5.9 Calculation of UTII tax 79
5.10 Economic profit under the project 79
5.11 Calculation of the commercial efficiency of the project 80
5.12 Net present value 80
5.13 Project profitability index 82
5.14 Payback period of the project or the period of return on investment 83

Conclusion 85

Bibliography 86

THE BELL

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2. TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF ATP

2.1 Choice of source data

2.2 Calculation of the annual volume of work and the number of production workers

2.3 Technological calculation of production zones, areas and warehouses

2.4 Selection of equipment

3. BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Requirements for the master plan

4 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

4.2 Form of management of Avtopark LLP

4.3 Enterprise management LLP "Avtopark"

5. DESIGN OF TO-1 ZONE

5.1 Description of the TO-1 zone of Avtopark LLP and the proposed works

5.2 Organization of production in the TO-1 zone

5.3 Calculated part

5.4 Selection of equipment for TO-1 zone

6. DESIGN AND CALCULATION PART

6.1 Analysis of existing designs of solid blowers

6.2 Calculated part 53

7 . SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT

7.1 Safety precautions when performing basic work

7.2 Test methods for toxicity of gasoline engines

8. CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

8.1 Calculation of capital investments

8.2 Determination of income and profit

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

workshop maintenance car

INTRODUCTION

Technical operation as a subsystem of road transport should contribute to the realization of the goals of road transport of the agro-industrial complex and have controllable indicators of the efficiency of the system, i.e., the road transport of the agro-industrial complex.

The following requirements are imposed on the vehicle maintenance and repair system:

· Ensuring the specified levels of operational reliability of the vehicle fleet with rational material and labor costs;

· Resource-saving and environmental orientation;

· Planning and regulatory nature, which allows planning and organizing maintenance and repairs at all levels;

· Obligation for all organizations and enterprises that own road transport, regardless of their departmental subordination;

· Concreteness, availability and suitability for management and decision-making by all links of the engineering and technical service of road transport;

· Stability of basic principles and flexibility of specific standards, taking into account changes in operating conditions, design and reliability of vehicles, as well as the economic mechanism;

· Taking into account the variety of vehicle operating conditions.

Ensuring the required level of technical readiness of the rolling stock to carry out transportation with the lowest labor and material costs is the main requirement of the production and technical base of road transport of the agro-industrial complex system.

The practical value of the results of our work is confirmed by the presence of the act of implementation.

The theoretical value of our thesis is in the calculation and its detailed description.

Purpose of work: to create a project of a maintenance area for trucks.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set:

- to collect and analyze theoretical material about "Avtopark" LLP;

- collect and analyze theoretical material on the issues of technological calculation of ATP;

- collect and analyze material about the organization and management of production, the principles and methods of enterprise management;

- create a project for the TO-1 zone;

- calculate the economic efficiency of the project.

The tasks set and the order of their solution determined the structure of the thesis.

To solve these problems and in accordance with the purpose of the work, the following methods were used:

Theoretical: analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory and educational literature on the topic of research, systematization of the collected and analyzed data.

Practical: calculation, methods of mathematical statistics, experiment.

1 . TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF DESIGN JOB

1.1 BriefI characteristic of Avtopark LLP

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