Only after 25 years of production of MAZ-537 vehicles at the Kurgan plant, a worthy replacement finally appeared for them - the first KZKT-7428 tractors of the fourth generation, representing a combination of all previous vehicles. This work was headed by the new chief designer Yu. T. Butrov. Formally, the basis of the new family was the KZKT-7427 version, on which new power unit and the cockpit, although its original basis was still the 537th series. Cars of the 7428 range were also designed for towing all typical semi-trailers weighing up to 70 tons and operating in extreme weather and temperature conditions, and taking into account the experience of the Afghan campaign for them, the maximum height of the mountain passes to be overcome was increased to 4000 m.
As with the intermediate prototypes, the main design innovations of the 7428 series were also the engine and cab. They were equipped with a more economical automobile diesel engine YaMZ-8401.10 V12 (25.86 l, 650 hp) liquid-cooled turbocharged, a combined lubrication system with a "wet" sump, shielded electrical equipment and a number of new auxiliary units... These included electric torch preheater PZhD-600I, a tank for preheating fuel, an additional oil cooler, an even more powerful 3-kW generator and the only electric starter system. The cars had a metal 6-seater pressurized cab with a raised roof with a sunroof, three forward-tilted windshields, hinged side windows and upper quadrangular side windows. The first releases had front reinforcing gussets; since 1989, a one-piece welded cab wall slightly pushed forward was used. In order to increase its strength, it was again made a 2-door, and the preserved outline rear doors only imitated their real presence. In front of the cockpit there were two individual sprung seats for the driver and the crew commander, which had adjustments in length, height and backrest tilt. The second row housed four single seats for the crew of the towed vehicles, which could be transformed into two berths. The cockpit set included reinforced noise and heat insulation, a filter ventilation unit, double glazing, two independent heating systems, light-shielding curtains, radiation protection screens and brackets for personal weapons. The third and final original solution was the replacement of the longitudinal steel balance arms of the rear bogie with multi-leaf springs. From the later prototypes KZKT-7426 series 7428 got automatic clearance in the wheel brakes and double-circuit brake system... All other units have practically not changed, not only in comparison with their closest predecessors, but also with the first Minsk MAZ-537 tractors.
The basic vehicle of the new family was the KZKT-7428 truck tractor without a winch, assembled in 1988 and had a load on the coupling device of 27 tons. When using the extended cab, the front overhang reached 2984 mm, the overall length increased to 10,060 mm, and the height to 3060 mm. All this could not but affect the weight parameters, which significantly exceeded the values of the MAZ-537G model with a winch: curb weight - 23.7 tons (+1.4 tons), full weight - 50.7 tons (+1 tons), total weight road trains - 93.7 t (+3 t). Maximum speed remained at the same level (65 km / h), the control fuel consumption returned to its early value (125 liters per 100 km), but the cruising range reached 1.5 thousand km, however, it took into account the contents of the spare fuel tanks on the semitrailer. The loaded road train overcame a 1.1-meter ford and ascents with a steepness of up to 16?. The official guaranteed mileage of the tractor was 20 thousand km with a service life of at least five years. All other characteristics corresponded to the 537 series. The derivative 74281 saddle version was distinguished by the installation of a 15-ton winch with a 100 m cable and, in general, was analogous to the 537G machine. It weighed 1.3 tons more than base model 7428, and worked as part of road trains full weight up to 95 tons. The 74282 ballast tractor with a winch and a metal 3.2-meter platform from the 74261 machine also had all the parameters inherited from the 537A and 537L models, but was the heaviest in the 7428 range - 25.8 tons.
These three base car successfully passed acceptance tests, were adopted by the Soviet Army and in 1990 formally entered the virtual serial production. The last new car In 1991, the KZKT brand of the Soviet period became a special tractor 74283 with a saddle device shifted 345 mm back. All these machines were the progenitors of the KZKT-7428 family, which has been produced so far. Since then, it has been replenished with specialized military versions with new units and assemblies, which are now being supplied to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Back in the early 1990s, such a bright future was seriously overshadowed by the beginning of the transition to commercial versions, thanks to which Rusich OJSC barely managed to survive the times of economic reforms, lack of military orders, a free market and stay afloat as part of the ruined domestic military automobile complex.
By the seventies, the MAZ-537 tractor, produced at the Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant named after D.M. Karbyshev (KZKT, later - JSC "Rusich"), became obsolete. Then the designers of the plant, headed by V.A. Piskarev - work began to improve the tractor. The main area of work was to increase engine power. Attempts were made to install tank diesel engines V-38 (on KZKT-545) and D-12A-650 (on KZKT-7426) on the car, the prototypes successfully passed the tests, but did not get into the series due to the small resource of the engines.
On April 6, 1978, the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 262 was issued (supported by the corresponding order of the Ministry of Aviation Industry No. 141 of June 6), which instructed KZKT to develop a family of promising tractors for working with heavy trailers. The work on the creation of the tractor was headed by the chief designer V.P. Kosiv. As a result, a KZKT-7427 car with a D-12AN-650 diesel engine produced by PA “Barnaultransmash” appeared. In 1985, acceptance tests began, in which two experimental KZKT-7427 ballast tractors took part. But the resource of this engine turned out to be insufficient - under normal operation of the tractor, it would only last for a year.
Then it was decided to use the YaMZ-8401 engine of the same power produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. Further work on the improvement of tractors was headed by the new chief designer of the plant, Yu.T. Butrov. Using the experience of creating KZKT-7426 and KZKT-7427, a new basic model was developed - KZKT-7428. It was decided to use the YaMZ-8401.10-04 engine as a power plant, which by that time had already been successfully used on the BelAZ-7540 and BelAZ-7548 mining dump trucks. At the end of the 80s, KZKT-7428 successfully passed all types of tests and was recommended for production.
The functions of the main bearing element were taken over by the spar frame, to which most of the mechanisms and systems are attached. A four-stroke, twelve-cylinder V-shaped liquid-cooled diesel engine YaMZ-8401.10-14, which is located in the engine compartment behind the cab, is used as a power plant. The engine is equipped with two turbochargers and an air intercooling system. The air system has two filters with replaceable filter elements. For reliable engine start-up, there is an EFU spark plug device.
For starting at temperatures below -15 o C, the PZhD-600I pre-heater is used. The fuel supply is located in two main tanks, 420 liters each. The power system has a heated supply tank with a capacity of 60 liters. For pumping fuel system installed hand pump RNM-1KU2. Hydromechanical transmission, includes a torque converter, three-stage planetary gearbox, two-stage transfer case and a hydraulic retarder (used as an auxiliary braking system). In 2nd and 3rd gears, the torque converter can lock up.
To increase the cross-country ability, the interwheel differentials of the two front axles are made as mechanisms of increased friction, the two rear ones are self-locking. Center differentials- blocked. All-wheel drive with 18.00-24 ″ tires - permanent. The suspension of each wheel is independent, on wishbones, torsion elastic elements and hydraulic shock absorbers. Moreover, two rear axles connected to the frame only by means of longitudinal balancers. The steering gear is equipped with a hydraulic booster. The brake system has a separate pneumohydraulic drive.
A two-row six-seat all-metal cabin provides transportation of the crew of the transported equipment. The cab is equipped with heat and noise insulation, FVU, dose level meter IMD-21B, double glazing, light-shielding curtains on the windows, two independent heating systems (one heater is connected to the engine cooling system, the other is autonomous) allowing the car to be operated in almost any climatic zones (from -50 o С - up to +50 o С), brackets for mounting weapons.
Tractors have always amazed with their power and impressive dimensions, but even among them there are such giants, at the sight of which the breath stops. Here's a look at 5 of the largest truck tractors that we are unlikely to ever see in real life.
KZKT-7428
The KZKT-7428 truck tractor replaced the MAZ-537 tractor, which was produced at the Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant named after D.M. Karbyshev (KZKT, later - JSC Rusich). Dina of the giant monster was 10 meters, width - almost 3 meters, and height - 3.3 meters. The 23-ton tractor can tow trailers weighing up to 75 tonnes, and all eight of its wheels were driven. KZKT-7428 is able to overcome not only severe off-road conditions, but also a ford up to 1.1 meters deep.
A two-row six-seat all-metal cabin provides transportation of the crew of the transported equipment. The rear row of seats can be transformed into two berths. The cab is equipped with thermal and noise insulation, filtering unit, two independent heating systems and allows you to operate the car in almost any climatic zone (-50 ° C .. + 50 ° C). Four engines were installed on the truck in different years: 8401.10-14 with 650 hp, 240NM1B with 500 hp, D-12A-525A from MAZ-537 with 550 hp, as well as the American Cummins KTTA19-C650 with a capacity of 650 hp. The average fuel consumption of the engines was about 125 liters per 100 km.
Oshkosh M1070
Heavy off-road tractor Oshkosh M1070 is designed for operation of rough terrain, including absolute off-road of any category in difficult weather and climatic conditions from -50 ° to + 50 °. The design of the machine is optimized for heavy use and is capable of carrying loads of 80 tons.
The length of the M1070 is 9 meters, its height is almost 4 meters, and the curb weight is about 21 tons. The American M1070 tractor is equipped with two power units: a 12-liter Detroit Diesel 8V-92TA with a capacity of 500 hp. and an 18-liter Caterpillar C-18 with 700 hp. (seven-speed automatic).
Elphinstone Haulmax 3900
This huge monster called the Elphinstone Haulmax 3900 cannot be used on normal roads. It is designed to deliver parts and heavy equipment to the quarry. The length of this colossus is 13 meters, the width is 3.4 meters, and the height is 5.2 meters. Elphinstone Haulmax 3900 weighs 47 tons. It can tow up to 183 tons.
To get such a mass out of the way, a 27-liter Caterpillar C27 ACERT engine is used, which produces 740 hp. and 3501 Nm. The Haulmax 3900 has a 1000 liter fuel tank.
BelAZ 7420
In 1973, the first road train-coal carrier with a length of 19 meters, a width of 5 meters and a height of 4.6 meters came out of the factory gates. BelAZ 7420, combined with a single-axle semi-trailer BelAZ-9590, was intended to transport coal and other rocks from open pits. The coal, which it took out at one time, could fill two railway cars.
The total mass of the Belarusian giant was 217 tons, of which 120 were only minerals in the body of a semi-trailer. Of course, BelAZ 7420 cannot move on ordinary roads, but a diesel engine helps it travel around the quarries power point with a capacity of 1200 h.p. Even a monument was erected to this tractor in the city of Neryungri, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Nicolas tractomas
The huge Tractomas tractor is used to transport transformers from seaports to power plants in South Africa. Such cars, lined up in a road train, slowly drive to their destination. The speed of such a trip is only 14-16 km / h. The weight of a road train of 3 loaded vehicles is approximately 900 tons.
Dimensions of Nicolas Tractoma: length 11 meters, width 3.48 meters, height 4.67 meters. The five-axle tractor is equipped with a 950-horsepower engine, which allows it to accelerate to 62 km / h.
JSC "Rusich" KZKT — Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant... This is the leading enterprise in Russia that manufactures wheel transport equipment heavy class, designed for the transportation of large-sized heavy cargo and equipment, as well as for the installation of various equipment on it.
« Rusich» KZKT began its history 50 years ago as a defense company. At the present stage of development, tractors " Rusich»Are also used as a peaceful technique.
Many years of experience, continuous improvement of designs, the use of units and assemblies produced by the best Russian and foreign firms allow the plant to maintain a high technical level and competitiveness of its products.
The use of diesel engines with a capacity of 425 to 650 liters. sec., hydromechanical transmissions, permanent drive on drive wheels, large-diameter tires, independent wheel suspension make the technique " Rusich»Irreplaceable in difficult road conditions, and a wide range of operating temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees Celsius and the presence of comfortable and thermo-, noise-insulated cabins and effective means maintaining the necessary temperature regime allow you to operate it in almost any climatic zone.
V production program factory:
- heavy-duty road trains as part of four-axle all-wheel drive tractors of the family KZKT-7428 with diesel engines with a capacity of 500-650 liters. with. and semi-trailers with a carrying capacity of up to 80 tons;
- ballast heavy-duty tractors KZKT-74282 for transportation of trailers with a total weight of up to 75 tons and for towing aircraft with a weight of up to 200 tons;
- a family of special chassis with a wheel arrangement of 8 × 8, 10 × 8, intended for installation on them of oilfield, lifting and other technological equipment;
- road trains - tanks with a capacity of up to 50 cubic meters. m .;
- chassis for the installation of rotary earthmoving and track-laying equipment.
Bankruptcy
In the post-Soviet period, the enterprise has repeatedly changed owners and has repeatedly gone through bankruptcy proceedings.
Back in 2010, the Arbitration Court of the Kurgan Region received a statement from JSC "EnergoKurgan" with the requirement to declare financial bankruptcy JSC "Rusich"- Kurgan plant of wheeled tractors them. D. M. Karbyshev ". By a court ruling dated February 24, 2010 with regard to JSC "Rusich" - KZKT external management was introduced for a period of 18 months, Alexander Vladimirovich Maslakov was approved as external manager. The external manager came to the conclusion that it was impossible to fulfill the external management plan before the deadline set by the court. In this regard, on March 17, 2011, Alexander Maslakov applied to the arbitration court with a petition for the early termination of the external administration procedure and the transition to the bankruptcy proceedings. The Arbitration Court of the Kurgan Region declared bankrupt on April 28, 2011 JSC "Rusich"- Kurgan plant of wheeled tractors them. D. M. Karbyshev ". According to the external management plan, part of the property was to be sold through an open auction.
A new book from the author of the best-selling "Cars of the Soviet Army"! The first encyclopedia of top-secret projects of the military car industry, irrefutably proving that in this area the USSR was "ahead of the rest of the planet" and that the highest achievement of our automotive industry was not even the well-known mass army vehicles, but unique multi-axle all-wheel drive chassis for strategic missile systems developed in absolute secrecy. appointments that were on alert in constant movement on special covert dirt roads and were virtually invulnerable to the enemy. Unrivaled high-speed amphibians and special amphibious trucks, active road trains and multi-section vehicles, the most advanced units and materials: multi-fuel, gas turbine, electric and even jet engines, ultra-strong titanium alloys - Soviet engineers and designers truly knew no equal!
The new encyclopedia of a leading automotive historian, illustrated with hundreds of exclusive photographs, provides full overview these secret developments, for many decades ahead of their time and turned the USSR into the leader of the military automotive industry.
KZKT-7428 (1988 - 1991)
(1988 - 1991)
Only after 25 years of production of MAZ-537 vehicles at the Kurgan plant, a worthy replacement finally appeared for them - the first KZKT-7428 tractors of the fourth generation, representing a combination of all previous vehicles. This work was headed by the new chief designer Yu. T. Butrov. Formally, the basis of the new family was the KZKT-7427 variant, on which a new power unit and a cab were first installed, although the 537th series still remained its original basis. Cars of the 7428 range were also designed for towing all typical semi-trailers weighing up to 70 tons and operating in extreme weather and temperature conditions, and taking into account the experience of the Afghan campaign for them, the maximum height of the mountain passes to be overcome was increased to 4000 m.
As with the intermediate prototypes, the main design innovations of the 7428 series were also the engine and cab. They were equipped with a more economical automobile diesel engine YaMZ-8401.10 V12 (25.86 l, 650 hp) liquid-cooled with a turbocharger, a combined lubrication system with a wet sump, shielded electrical equipment and a number of new auxiliary units. These included the PZhD-600I electric torch preheater, a tank for preheating fuel, an additional oil cooler, an even more powerful 3-kW generator and a single electric starting system. The cars had a metal 6-seater pressurized cab with a raised roof with a hatch, three forward-tilted windshields, hinged side windows and upper quadrangular side windows. The first releases had front reinforcing gussets; since 1989, a one-piece welded cab wall slightly pushed forward was used. In order to increase its durability, it was again made 2-door, and the preserved outlines of the rear doors only imitated their real presence. In front of the cockpit there were two individual sprung seats for the driver and the crew commander, which had adjustments in length, height and backrest tilt. The second row housed four single seats for the crew of the towed vehicles, which could be transformed into two berths. The cockpit set included reinforced noise and heat insulation, a filtering unit, double glazing, two independent heating systems, light-shielding curtains, radiation protection screens and brackets for personal weapons. The third and final original solution was the replacement of the longitudinal steel balance arms of the rear bogie with multi-leaf springs. The later prototypes of KZKT-7426 series 7428 inherited automatic wheel brake clearance and a dual-circuit braking system. All other units have practically not changed, not only in comparison with their closest predecessors, but also with the first Minsk MAZ-537 tractors.
The basic vehicle of the new family was the KZKT-7428 truck tractor without a winch, assembled in 1988 and had a load on the coupling device of 27 tons. When using the extended cab, the front overhang reached 2984 mm, the overall length increased to 10,060 mm, and the height - up to 3060 mm. All this could not but affect the weight parameters, which significantly exceeded the values of the MAZ-537G model with a winch: curb weight - 23.7 t (+1.4 t), total - 50.7 t (+1 t), total weight road trains - 93.7 t (+3 t). The maximum speed remained at the same level (65 km / h), the control fuel consumption returned to its earlier value (125 liters per 100 km), but the cruising range reached 1.5 thousand km, however, it took into account the contents of the spare fuel tanks on the semitrailer. The loaded road train overcame a 1.1-meter ford and ascents with a steepness of up to 16?. The official guaranteed mileage of the tractor was 20 thousand km with a service life of at least five years. All other characteristics corresponded to the 537 series. The derivative 74281 saddle version was distinguished by the installation of a 15-ton winch with a 100 m cable and, in general, was analogous to the 537G machine. It weighed 1.3 tons more than the base model 7428, and worked as part of road trains with a gross weight of up to 95 tons. The 74282 ballast tractor with a winch and a metal 3.2-meter platform from the 74261 machine also had all the parameters inherited from the 537A models. and 537L, but was the heaviest in the range of 7428 - 25.8 tons.
These three basic vehicles successfully passed acceptance tests, were adopted by the Soviet Army, and in 1990 they formally entered virtual mass production. The last new machine of the KZKT brand of the Soviet period in 1991 was a special tractor 74283 with a saddle device shifted 345 mm back. All these machines were the progenitors of the KZKT-7428 family, which has been produced so far. Since then, it has been supplemented with specialized military versions with new units and assemblies, which are now being supplied to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Back in the early 1990s, such a bright future was seriously overshadowed by the beginning of the transition to commercial versions, thanks to which Rusich OJSC barely managed to survive the times of economic reforms, lack of military orders, a free market and stay afloat as part of the ruined domestic military automobile complex.
