Design of a passenger car diagnostics area. Design of a section for diagnostics of corporate service of passenger cars sub. The annual time fund of a full-time worker determines the actual time worked by the performer directly on

INTRODUCTION

No matter how perfect the car is, to maintain it in a technically sound condition throughout the entire period of operation, certain types of technical intervention (diagnostics, lubrication, adjustment, repair, etc.) and the provision of spare parts are required.

The developed "Regulations on the maintenance and repair of cars ..." establishes the fundamental foundations and standards of technical impacts aimed at ensuring reliable and safe operation of cars, and also contains the basic information necessary for the organization of maintenance and repair of cars at the enterprises of the "Auto maintenance" system - STOA.

The car is a source of increased danger and, in accordance with current legislation, the owner bears full responsibility for the technical condition and operation of his car. Service stations are responsible for the quality of maintenance and repair work performed.

Maintenance automobiles is a complex of technological operations aimed at preventing the occurrence of failures and malfunctions, maintaining vehicles in good condition and ensuring their reliable, safe and economical operation. Regular and high-quality maintenance in full also reduces the need for repairs.

The main purpose of the repair is to eliminate the malfunctions that have arisen and restore the vehicle (unit) to work by replacing or repairing its individual parts and adjusting them.

Definition technical condition cars and volume determination renovation works carried out, if necessary, using diagnostic tools. In cases where it is impossible to determine the technical condition or malfunction of units and assemblies using diagnostics, they are removed from the car and disassembled to finally determine the scope of repair work.

Car owners during the manufacturer's warranty period are obliged to perform maintenance in full (otherwise, they lose the right to warranty repairs). At the end of the warranty period, they were granted the right to selectively carry out certain types of maintenance work at the workshop, including from the scope of work specified in the coupons of the service book.

Malfunctions of assemblies, connections and parts affecting traffic safety, identified at the workshop, are subject to mandatory elimination.

I. GENERAL PART

1.1 Brief description of the enterprise

Service station (STO) LLC "Auto-SPTA" is a complex type enterprise that carries out storage, maintenance and repair of rolling stock, as well as the supply of the necessary operational, repair materials and spare parts.

The enterprise is located in the city of Novocherkassk at Rostovskiy exit, 4 and carries out repairs of rolling stock of cars of the brand: GAZ, ZIL, MAZ, KAM (AZ), foreign cars and performs all types of maintenance and repair of cars belonging to the population.

Management at Avto-SPTA LLC is carried out according to the following scheme:

Organizational structure of management

Figure 1 - Structural diagram of the enterprise

The General Director of Avto-SPTA LLC is the head of the enterprise, carries out the selection and placement of personnel, bears legal and administrative responsibility.

The deputy director for the economic part carries out work on supplying the enterprise with all the necessary consumables and spare parts for the smooth functioning of the workshop, heads technical service and is responsible for the technical condition of the rolling stock, the condition and development of the technical base. The head of the repair (workshops) sections is subordinate to him.

The MOT and TR service carries out maintenance and current repairs of rolling stock for all types of work. The form of labor organization is the method of complex teams.

The service station (STO) of Avto-SPTA LLC, according to the principle of designation and placement, belongs to the city service station and serves mainly a permanent fleet trucks of different carrying capacities, as well as foreign cargo cars.

By the nature of the services provided, it is a complex station with a universal bias.

The following types of work are performed:

- engine repair (complex diagnostics);

- repair of electrical equipment;

- body work;

- repair of systems, components and assemblies;

- repair and adjustment of brakes;

- lubrication work.

Small retail trade in auto parts is carried out.

The disadvantages are:

- lack of a car wash area;

- body work is carried out in a non-specialized room;

- The equipment is rather scarce, there is no stand for tire fitting of truck wheels;

In the future, in order to enlarge the enterprise, an exhibition hall of 15 x 12m (h = 6m) for the sale of cars will be built. A place has been designed for the construction of a bathhouse (6 x 10m) and a cafe for 15 seats and other production facilities.

2 Characteristics of the design object

Technical diagnostics is an integral part of the technological processes of acceptance, maintenance and repair of automobiles and is a process of determining the technical state of an object for diagnosing a vehicle, its assemblies, assemblies and systems with a certain accuracy and without disassembling it.

The main tasks of diagnostics are as follows: general assessment of the technical condition of the vehicle and its individual systems, units, assemblies; determination of the place, nature and causes of the defect.

The diagnostic technological process determines the list and rational sequence of operations performed, their labor intensity, qualifications (category) of the performer (diagnostician operator), equipment and tools used, technical requirements (conditions) for performing work. The list of operations includes preparatory, control and diagnostic and adjustment operations recommended for execution using technical diagnostic tools.

List of works performed:

determination of traction and economic indicators of the car;

determination of the technical condition of the CPG;

fuel consumption measurement;

checking electrical equipment.

TECHNOLOGICAL PART

2.1 Analysis of raw data

Initial data for the development of the diagnostic site include:

The number of residents in the former Pervomaisky District is 145,600, according to the statistics department of Novocherkassk.

The number of trucks 7100 - data of the traffic police of the city of Novocherkassk.

The labor intensity of maintenance and repair works performed at a car service station is planned for 1000 km of run, depending on the class of the car.

Table 1 - Labor intensity of TO and TR

Average annual mileage for rolling stock:

Foreign cars - 25000 km;

GAZ, ZIL - 15000 km;

MAZ, KAMAZ - 20000 km.

We assume that we will work 365 days a year.

2.2 Calculation production program maintenance and repair in general for the service station

Considering that some of the car owners carry out maintenance and technical repairs on their own, then the estimated number of serviced cars at Avto-SPTA LLC per year will be equal to:

where, N` - the number of cars in the area of ​​the projected car service station = 7100.

К - coefficient taking into account the number of car owners using the services of car service stations = 0.75 ÷ 0.9.

But since there are already enterprises in the city that produce maintenance and repair of trucks, based on this, for the calculation, we take 2034 vehicles.

We determine the number of cars of each of the three classes that will be serviced at the service station of cars of LLC "Auto-SPTA":

where, bi is the share of cars of the corresponding class

trucks, carrying capacity 1 ÷ 3 t - 60% (GAZ, UAZ)

trucks, carrying capacity 5 ÷ 8 t - 20% (ZIL, KAZ)

foreign cars - 20% (foreign cars)

, PCS.

2.2.1 Calculation of the annual labor intensity of work

where, N1, N2, N3 - respectively, the number of cars serviced by LLC "Auto-ZIP";

Average annual car mileage;

t1, t2, t3 - the corresponding specific labor intensity of maintenance and repair work, depending on the class of cars (3.1; 3.7; 4.1) - initial data

The approximate distribution of the scope of work by type and place of execution is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 - Distribution of the object of work

2.3 Refined development of the design object

3.1 Calculating the number of production workers

Psh = Tg / Fsh,

where, Фш is the annual time fund of the "regular worker", h.

Psh = 6428.2 / 1820 = 3.5 - we accept 4 people,

2.3.2 Calculating the number of posts

Work stations are places for cars equipped with appropriate technological equipment and designed to perform technical actions on a car to maintain and restore its technical condition and appearance.

Let's calculate the number of posts of the diagnostic area according to the formula

, (5)

where, - Тп - annual volume of post work, man.h;

φ is the coefficient of unevenness of the arrival of cars at the site φ = 1.15;

Фп - the annual fund for the work of the post, Фп = 1820h.

Рср - the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post,

X = 6428.2 1.15 / (1820 4) = 1.02

We accept 1 post.

2.3.3 Selection of technological equipment

The technological equipment includes stationary, mobile, and portable stands, all kinds of devices and devices, production equipment (workbenches, racks, cabinets, tables) necessary for performing maintenance and repair work and diagnosing rolling stock.

If the equipment is used or fully loaded during work shifts, then its quantity is determined by the estimated

by the labor intensity of work in man-hours for a group or for each type of work of a certain group of equipment: machine tool, dismantling and assembly, lifting and inspection or special.

We select equipment according to the catalog of garage equipment and give it below in the table.

Table 3 - Technological equipment

Table 4 - Organizational rigging

Table 5 - Technological equipment

3.4 Calculation production area diagnostic area

To place the selected equipment and equipment, it is necessary to calculate the area of ​​the site where it will be located.

The calculation of the area of ​​the diagnostic site is made according to the formula on page 102:

(6)

where, fa - the area occupied by the car in the plan, fa = 24m2;

Xs - the number of posts of the site = 1;

Кn is the density coefficient of the arrangement (3.5 ÷ 4.5);

We accept an area of ​​108m2.

2.3.5 Distribution of workers by grade

10 workers will work in the diagnostic section, of which five are performing work related to diagnosing the brake system, the remaining five workers are performing work related to the determination of traction and economic qualities.

Table 6 - Classification of workers

The average category of workers is found by the formula on page 51:

Рср = (I Ni) / N, (7)

where I is the category;

N - total workers.

Рср = (4 3 + 1 5) / 4 = 4.25

The average category of workers was 4.25.

4 Development of a technological process for the work performed

The technological process and its organization are determined by the number of posts and places required to fulfill the production program, the technological features of each type of impact, the possibility of distributing the total amount of work on posts with their corresponding specialization and mechanization.

Diagram of the technological process of the diagnostic area.

Picture 1.

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

3.1 Selection and justification of the method and form of organization of production

One of the tasks of organizing maintenance and repair of rolling stock is to reduce the total time of its downtime in TR, because it is this time that is the longest in the entire time spent at the production sites of the service station.

Direct production management at the workshop is carried out by the head of customer service. Subordinate to him are all structural divisions involved in production management, customer service groups, heads of workshops and production sites; brigade foremen.

A process engineer is responsible for accepting cars for maintenance and repair, as well as for finished and delivered cars to the customer.

The customer service staff is responsible for the completeness, timeliness and accuracy of the information.

An important element in the production management system is the organization of the work of maintenance and repair sections.

The complex brigade includes workers of all specialties necessary to carry out the full scope and complex of work on the repair and maintenance of cars.

The end-to-end brigade includes several single-shift complex brigades, the operating mode of which does not coincide. End-to-end teams are formed to ensure a continuous production cycle.

Minor repair and urgent service posts are places (areas) where work is performed with appropriate technological equipment and, if necessary, in the presence of the customer.

Dispatching of production is provided by the dispatching department or master.

After the dispatching department comes the line personnel, which includes:

- the head of the section;

- head master;

- master;

- master of quality control department.

At this enterprise, a brigade form of organizing the work of repair workers has been adopted.

2 Mode of operation of the design object

The diagnostic department works 365 days a year, the working week is 7 days, the working week is 56 hours, eight hours a day with a lunch break from 1200 to 1300 hours.

Work sites work in one shift from 800 to 1700.

3.3 Organization of workplaces

The number of posts at the diagnostics site, their layout diagram, as well as specialization and cooperation with each other, acceptance and delivery posts and adjustment work posts are determined by the volume and nature of production, as well as the tasks that diagnostics must solve at the workshop.

10 workers work in the diagnostic section, of which six perform work related to the diagnosis of the brake system, the remaining four workers perform work related to the determination of traction and economic qualities. The arrangement for the performer is made on the second sheet of the graphic part of the project.

3.4 Measures for labor protection, fire protection and safety

4.1 Industrial hazards

Industrial hazards in the diagnostic area are: toxic emissions, when the car engine is running, when entering and leaving. Humidity, noise and vibration can also be attributed to harmful conditions.

3.4.2 Requirements for the production area

According to the degree of fire hazard, the diagnostic site belongs to the category "B", since the car servicing is carried out here. Ceilings and other enclosing structures must be fireproof at least 1. Arrangement of equipment should be made so that the distance between the equipment and the building structure is not less than 0.5 meters. The doors to the working area must open outward. Should not have protrusions, slopes more than 0.05mm. Workplaces with concrete flooring should be equipped with portable wooden flooring to protect workers from cold feet and help reduce rheumatism and flu.

The colored decoration of the premises should be designed on the basis of the general architectural and compositional interior, taking into account the physiological harmfulness of color and correspond to the hygienic working conditions in the production area.

3.4.3 Temperature and humidity in the work area

The air temperature in the diagnostic area should be:

- during the warm period of the year, no more than 3 ° C higher than the average temperature of the hottest month, but not higher than 28 ° C;

- during the cold period 15 ÷ 20 ° C.

The relative humidity should be:

- in the warm season: 45 ÷ 75%;

- in the cold season, no more than 80%.

station maintenance repair car

3.4.4 Ventilation, noise, vibration

Noise is a disordered combination of a variety of sounds. The sound wave created by the vibrations of the sounding body, propagating in the air space, causes either thickening or rarefaction of the air and the associated sound pressure. The human hearing aid is very sensitive to the detection and changes in sound pressure. Human hearing senses sound vibrations with a frequency of 16-20000 Hz (ultrasounds) are not perceived by human senses.

With prolonged exposure to noise, the attention and memory of workers are weakened, and industrial injuries increase. After working in a noisy room, a person experiences some dullness of hearing and it takes a certain time for the hearing aid to "rest" from the noise and begin to work normally. Headache, nausea, and dizziness may occur after exposure to strong and high-frequency noise.

In addition to adverse effects directly on the hearing organs, noise adversely affects performance. A person spends a certain amount of energy on the performance of certain labor operations, makes a number of necessary movements, for which he needs a certain time. And if this movement is associated with the action of an external stimulus, such as sound, then the reaction time of a person increases. And this, in turn, means that if it is necessary to quickly respond to any sound signal, the worker does not have time to make the required movements, for example, stop the machine or turn off the working mechanism in time.

Various devices are used to determine the noise level in the production area. The most accurate and objective of them are sound level meters, frequency analyzers, noise spectrometers, etc.

Vibrations of elastic bodies with a frequency of less than 15 Hz are perceived by a person as shaking. This perception depends on the frequency of vibrations, their strength and range (amplitude). The frequency of vibration or vibration is expressed in the same way as for sound in hertz.

Vibration is sensed by direct contact with a vibrating body, for example when working with pneumatic tools. In this case, not only the hands involved in the work are subjected to vibrations, but also other parts of the body and especially the legs. The indirect effects of vibration can be caused by shaking the floor and various fences of a building due to the dynamic action of machines, motors and equipment.

In patients with vibration disease, pain in the hands, numbness, whitening of the fingers, and a decrease in all types of skin sensitivity are noted. Patients complain of muscle weakness and fatigue.

The causes of vibration are the shocks of individual parts of equipment and machines against each other, for example, during the operation of a hammer, rigid attachment of vibrating parts of machines to non-vibrating ones and the formation of vortex, rapidly moving air flows, which happens in casings of centrifugal fans, etc.

When exposed to vibrations at work, significant physical exertion, especially static stress, as well as cooling of the hands and the whole body should be avoided.

The permissible values ​​of vibration parameters at permanent workplaces in industrial premises under continuous exposure during the working day are established by sanitary norms and standards.

3.4.5 Electrical safety

The survey of electrical equipment must be carried out at least once every six months. The electrical wiring must be in good condition, made in accordance with GOST. Electrical appliances must be equipped with an automatic shutdown system in the event of a short circuit. Wooden boards must be placed on the floor in front of the electrical equipment.

A more reliable means of protection in comparison with grounding is a protective shutdown of the protection system, which provides automatic shutdown of the emergency shutdown of a network section in case of a fault to the frame or to ground. When the trip time from the moment a single-phase short occurs should not exceed 0.2 seconds.

3.4.6 Fire safety

At Avto-SPTA LLC, fire safety is ensured by a number of organizational measures, such as: a fire hazard prevention system, a fire protection system.

The director of the enterprise is responsible for fire safety. He appoints a person responsible from among the engineering and technical workers for carrying out fire-prevention measures and appointed by order.

The diagnostics section should be equipped with a fire shield with sand, which should include fire extinguishers of the OPS-10 brand, designed to extinguish electrical wiring with a voltage of more than 380 V and the OM-4 (3) "Classic" brand for extinguishing small foci of ignition of various substances and materials.

Smoking is allowed in a designated area. Air and electricity supply points must be marked with special inscriptions and symbols, and have serviceable valves and sockets.

Fire is an uncontrolled combustion outside a special hearth, causing material damage. Large fires often take on natural disaster and are accompanied by accidents with people. Fires are especially dangerous in places where flammable and combustible liquids and gases are stored.

The elimination of the causes of fires is one of the most important conditions for ensuring fire safety at the service station. The enterprise should promptly organize fire-fighting instructions and classes on the fire-technical minimum. On the territory, in production, administrative, warehouse and auxiliary premises, it is necessary to establish a strict fire regime. Special smoking areas should be designated and equipped. For the used cleaning material, metal boxes with lids are provided. For the storage of flammable and combustible substances, the places are determined and the permissible quantities of their one-time storage are established.

The territory of the service station must be systematically cleaned of industrial waste, the territory of the projected site must be equipped with primary fire extinguishing protection means.

Fire safety must comply with: the requirements of GOST 12.1.004-85, building codes and regulations.

3.4.7 Environmental protection

Automotive internal combustion engines pollute the atmosphere with harmful substances emitted from exhaust gases, blow-by gases and fuel vapors. At the same time, 95-99% of harmful emissions of modern automobile engines come from exhaust gases, which are an aerosol of a complex composition, depending on the engine operating mode. Atmospheric air, which is an oxidizing agent for fuels, consists mainly of nitrogen (79%) and oxygen (21%). With ideal combustion of a stoichiometric mixture of hydrocarbon fuel with air, only T2, CO2, H2O should be present in the combustion products. In real conditions, exhaust gases also contain products of incomplete combustion (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, solid carbon particles, peroxide compounds, hydrogen and excess oxygen), products of thermal reactions of interaction of nitrogen with oxygen (nitrogen oxides), inorganic compounds of certain substances present in fuel (sulfur dioxide, lead compounds, etc.).

In total, about 280 components were found in the exhaust gas, which can be subdivided into several groups. A group of non-toxic substances - nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide. The group of toxic substances is carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen oxides NO2, hydrocarbons CnHm (paraffins, olefins, aromatics, etc.), aldehydes Rx * CHO, soot. The combustion of sulfurous fuels produces inorganic gases - sulfur dioxide SO2 and hydrogen sulfide H2S. A separate group includes carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most active of which is benzo (a) pyrene, which is an indicator of the presence of carcinogens in exhaust gases. When leaded gasolines are used, toxic lead compounds are formed.

Table 7 - Composition of exhaust gases of automobile engines

It should be noted that currently the main source of air pollution are gasoline engines... Nevertheless, reducing the toxicity of diesel engines is also an urgent task, given the emerging tendency for diesel fuel to diesel. The exhaust gas composition of these two types of engines differs significantly, primarily in the concentration of incomplete combustion products (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, soot).

The main toxic components of exhaust gas of gasoline engines should be considered CO, CnHm, NO and lead compounds, diesels - NOx, soot.

Table 8 - The content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of a car (in%) at typical operating modes of cars

Table 9 - Sources of formation of harmful toxic substances

Fuel vapors (CxNu) - evaporation of fuel from fuel tanks, elements of the engine power system: joints, hoses, etc. Composition - fuel hydrocarbons of various compositions (15-20%).

Blow-by gases - a mixture of gases penetrating through leaks piston rings from the combustion chamber to the crankcase, and oil vapors in the crankcase, and then entering the environment.

Waste gases (CO, CxHy, NOx, soot, etc.) are a mixture of gaseous products of complete or incomplete combustion of fuel, excess air and various micro-impurities (gaseous, liquid and solid particles coming from the engine cylinders to its exhaust system).

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a transparent, odorless gas, somewhat lighter than air, practically insoluble in water. Entering the body with the inhaled air, CO reduces the function of oxygen supply performed by the blood, since the absorption of CO by the blood is 240 times higher than the absorption of oxygen.

CO is formed on the piston surface and on the cylinder wall, in which activation does not occur due to intense heat removal in the wall, poor fuel atomization and CO2 dissociation into CO and O2 at high temperatures.

The diagnostic site does not have a harmful effect on the environment. The most toxic are emissions of carbon dioxide when leaving and entering cars, but the concentration of emissions is permissible by standards.

All metal pieces and parts are collected and put in the designated places. Rags contaminated with combustible materials are collected separately and then destroyed.

3.4.8 Occupational safety measures

Only diagnostic operators are allowed to work at STD, as well as auto mechanics and auto repairmen who have undergone special training in the rules of their operation, STD must be subject to mandatory periodic state or departmental checks.

It is prohibited to keep the car on the raised mounting platforms at the diagnostics section when testing cars on dynos and brake stands: start work without lining under the front and rear wheels of special pads; start work with an open exhaust pipe without a fitted exhaust gas suction tip with a gas analyzer sensor, as well as with fuel leaks in the fuel lines connecting the carburetor with the flow meter; smoke when working at the stand, and unauthorized persons are on the stand sites, near the car blower.

It is recommended to install a blower (fan) for cooling the engine and the lower surfaces of the car during power testing, if possible, under the floor, and supply air to the cooled surface through a pipeline.

To reduce noise, the room is fenced off with sound-absorbing double glass partitions from the stands where the test is carried out with the engine running. The floor, walls and ceiling are covered with sound-absorbing material, for example, pyramidal and flat plates made of special moltoprene.

In addition, ventilation is installed in the room, providing 5-10 times air exchange in 1 hour. To regulate the performance of the air handling unit, the fan motor is provided with reversible poles.

3.4.9 Calculation of natural and artificial lighting

The diagnostic area has natural and artificial lighting. Calculation of natural light means calculating the number of windows in the room, their area and the choice of the type of lighting. Artificial - calculating the number of lamps, their power and type.

Calculation of natural light:

The room is not darkened by adjacent buildings, so the side lighting is calculated:

Total area of ​​skylights:

(8)

where, Sn is the area of ​​the room, m2 - 108;

ηо - light characteristic of the window 16 ÷ 25 [L-13, tab. 5];

ro - coefficient of light emission of the window, 0.35;

η1 - coefficient taking into account the influence of the colored color, 4;

lmin - coefficient of natural light, 1

m2.

K1 - coefficient taking into account the darkening of the windows, 1.

Window height with side lighting:

(9)

where, Н - room height, 4000mm;

hpod - the distance from the floor to the window sill, 800mm;

h above - the size of the window sill, 400 mm

According to GOST 11814-63, according to the calculated size, I choose the width and height of the window:

- height hok = 3015mm;

- width bok = 420mm.

Window area:

Mm2 (10)

Number of windows:

(11)

We accept three windows.

Calculation of artificial lighting

To calculate the artificial lighting in the room of the diagnostic section, I accept the fluorescent lighting of the ODR lamps.

According to the standard table, I choose the ratio of the distance between the lamps and the height of their suspension:

Determine the distance between the center of the luminaires

where, H - room height, 4m

Determine the distance to the first row of lamps if there are workplaces near the wall:

m.

where, b - room width = 9m

Determine the number of rows of luminaires in width

By lenght

where, l - room length = 12m

Determine the number of rows along the length:

(16)

We accept n2 = 1 row.

Total number of rows in width

(17)

We accept 2 rows.

The total number of rows in length:

row.

Total number of fixtures

PCS.

Total lamp power

Wed (18)

where, w` - specific power, = 9.6 W / m;

R - lamp aging factor = 1.2;

Power of one lamp

W

We accept 245 watts.

4. DESIGN PART

4.1 Design the design of an electromechanical hoist

Electromechanical stationary lifts can be one-, six-post and with a lifting capacity from 1.5 to 14 tons. and more. This group of hoists uses screw, chain, cable, cardan or lever-articulated power transmissions driven by an electric motor.

4.2 Purpose. Justification of the choice of design. Description of the device

Two-post stationary electromechanical lift designed for lifting passenger cars weighing up to two tons, has four mobile pickups, by means of which the car is lifted by its body, each pick abuts the place on the body intended for the jack support. This provides the ability to carry out maintenance and repair work on all units and mechanisms located underneath the vehicle. The convenience of working with the wheels is also provided for which the car is raised to the desired height. The lifting time of the picks to full height (1700mm) is 90 seconds.

3 Instructions for working with the device

The car is installed on a platform located between the racks of the lifts, the hooks are installed under the places intended for installing a jack on both sides of the car. During lifting, it is necessary to monitor the tightness of the installation and the absence of distortions between the grabs and the car body. During operation, it is necessary to regularly carry out lubrication work in the screw-nut interface, monitor the condition of the safety devices.

4.4 Check calculation of the screw for collapse

Calculation of the screw for crushing

where, F is the force acting on the screw, F = 20kN,

d2 - average screw diameter, d2 = 10.5mm,

h- thread height 3mm,

Z is the number of working turns,

where, H is the height of the threaded part of the hook, H = 20,

P - thread pitch, P = 1.5

σcm - permissible shear stress

[σcm] = σt / 3,

where, σt is the ultimate strength of the material, σt = 360

[σcm] = 360/3 = 120mPa

Substituting the data into the formula, we get:

[σcm] = mPa120

The collapse stress fully satisfies the condition of the screw wear resistance in terms of the collapse stress.

4.5 Safety when working with the lift

When working with the lift, the following safety precautions must be observed:

All the electrical wiring of the lift must be in good working order, do not short circuit to the unit body, the power button must be in good working order;

It is necessary to work with the unit together because the unit is electric in the event of a short circuit to the case, one of the workers was able to immediately turn off the power supply;

When working with the device, in no case should you put your fingers between the moving parts of the lift, as this can lead to injury;

Work with the device should be in special clothes, which should be fastened with all buttons, cuffs of clothes should be fastened, not loose.

5. ECONOMIC SECTION

5.1 Calculation of capital investments

Within the framework of a market economy, the economic reform has provided Russian enterprises with broad economic independence. In such conditions, the importance of analyzing production efficiency, a deep disclosure of a particular economic situation in order to accurately formulate proposals and recommendations for administrative and managerial personnel of any hierarchical level, has sharply increased.

Of particular importance is the analysis of production efficiency at the level of an economically independent enterprise. The unresolved economic problems arising here, both internal and external, are reflected in the financial results of the enterprise. Therefore, it is important to use various analytical models of analysis for making decisions to optimize the interests of the enterprise and, above all, the model is additive and descriptive.

An analysis at the enterprise level should be filled with very specific content related to the daily management activities of enterprise managers, namely: with an analysis of the implementation of all sections of the production (internal) business plan. It can be argued that the quality of the decisions made depends entirely on the breadth and depth of technical, economic and financial analysis.

The calculation of the required equipment is shown in Tables 3 and 4. Based on the prices, you can determine the cost of equipment.

Table 9 - Equipment cost

5.2 Costing

2.1 Calculation of the payroll

The total volume of labor costs is 6428.2 h / hour.

The average category of a worker for a given amount of work is 4.25, we take the average tariff rate Tst = 37r.90kop.

The basic wage fund is:

Fzp = Ttru Tst, Fzp = 6428.2 37.9 = 243621 rubles

In addition, it is necessary to take into account accruals, such as: from the federal budget

for vacation - 10.5% = 25580

to social funds - 26.2% = 63,828

I set a surcharge for the quality of work - 10% = 24362

Total: the wage bill will amount to 357391 rubles.

5.2.2 Calculation of the cost of spare parts and materials

The weighted average standard for the consumption of spare parts and materials for the diagnostics section is 14 rubles per 1000 km of run.

The total consumption will be equal to

Q = 70 (Lkg total) = 70 (15000 1220/1000 + 20000 407/1000 + 25000 407/1000) = 512610 rubles

5.2.3 Calculation of depreciation charges

Table - 10 Depreciation allowances for buildings and equipment

Table - 11 Costs for the current repair of the building and equipment

5.2.4 Calculation of energy costs

The total power consumption of the electrical equipment is 25 kW, the annual working time of the equipment is 2920 hours per year.

Therefore, the power consumption will be equal to

2920 = 50500kW / h

Since the cost of 1 kW / h is 2.13r; (for organizations)

Electricity costs will be equal

2.13 = 107565 rubles

2.5 Utility costs

Utility costs (heating, cleaning, etc.) are determined based on the distribution of costs across production areas and is 10800 rubles.

Overhead costs are determined at the level of 3.5% of the total cost and amount to 361,173 rubles.

Table - 12 Costing

Distribution of costs by labor intensity in% of the amount of costs.

group 59.9% -848155

group 20.05% - 283898

group 20.05% - 283898

The cost price of the work of the diagnostic section by groups of vehicles.

group = 848155/1220 = 695 rubles.

group = 283898/407 = 697 rubles.

group = 283898/407 = 697 rubles.

5.3 Payback of the project

At the average, prevailing price of repair services (in the city of the Rostov region) for

groups -800

groups -850

group - 900

The economic effect of the project will be

groups = (800-695) 1220 = 128100 rubles.

group = (850-697) 407 = 62271 rubles.

group = (900-697) 407 = 82621 rubles.

Total: 277992 rub.

Equipment costs pay off within 10 months and are calculated using the formula:

Sop = Sob / Sef = 232450/277992 = 10 months

The economic efficiency is 10 months, i.e. the investment will be recouped in 5.08 years, which is acceptable for road transport enterprises, since the standard payback period for investment in road transport is 3-5 years. It turns out that all the previously performed calculations are correct.

CONCLUSION

The developed thesis project provides for the project of the diagnostic section of the truck maintenance station. For the calculations, the production and technical base of Avto-Zip LLC was taken.

The project was carried out on the basis of the existing base for repair and maintenance of rolling stock. The number of mobile and the number of residents are taken according to the traffic police and the statistics department of Novocherkassk as of 01.01.2008.

The calculation of the annual production program for the maintenance and repair of trucks was carried out according to the methodology for designing car service stations.

A brief description of the enterprise is given, as well as the design object (diagnostic area). The initial data were analyzed, on the basis of this, the technological calculation of the production program for maintenance and repair for the enterprise was carried out.

Based on the results of the technological calculation, it was determined: the annual number daily services maintenance and labor intensity of current repairs; the number of workers in the diagnostic area has been calculated. The selection of technological equipment has been made.

On the issues of human life safety and safety measures, issues on safety during the execution of diagnostic work, fire safety, ventilation, heating, and also calculated artificial and natural lighting for the site, described the parameters of the microclimate, environmental protection.

In the design part of the project, the design of an electromechanical lift was developed, instructions for working with the device were written. The special task for the FQP was the production of a visual aid "Differential of increased friction", which will help in studying the disciplines "Automobiles", "Maintenance of automobiles" and "Repair of automobiles".

In the economic part of the project, the calculation of the effectiveness of investments in the production and technical base of the projected diagnostic area was made.

The cost of the work performed, the cost of equipment, depreciation deductions for buildings, equipment, workers' wages were calculated. The recoupment of the cost of equipment and buildings has been calculated, they will pay off within 5.08 years.

Based on the foregoing, this project can be recommended as an option for implementation at an enterprise, as well as as educational and methodological support for training students in the specialty 1705.

Literature

1. Alexandrov L.A. Technical regulation in road transport M .: Transport 1998

2. Arshinov V.A., Alekseev T.R. Metal cutting and cutting tools M .: Mashinostroenie 1993

Turevsky L.L., Ostrovsky N.B., Zuckerberg S.M., Unified transport system and road transport M.: Transport 2008

Vibration. General safety requirements GOST 12.01.02-98SSBT.

Air in the work area. General sanitary requirements GOST 12.1.005-96

Demin P.A. Safety Handbook M.: 1998

Dolik P.A. Safety Handbook M .: Energosetiizdat, 1994

Ivorev S.A. Economic issues in the organization of ATP M .: Higher school 1991

V.I. Karagodin Repair of cars and engines M .: Masterstvo Vysshaya Shkola, 2001

G.V. Kramarenko Technical operation cars M .: Transport 1998

Napolsky G.M. Technical design of motor transport enterprises and TO stations Textbook for universities M .: Transport 1995

Novak V.M. Handbook of a technologist of a mechanical engineer M .: Mechanical engineering 1993

Depreciation rates and methods for determining wholesale prices for mechanical engineering products, edited by A.A. Simonev. Moscow: Economics 1992

Hazardous and harmful production factors GOST 12.0.003.90 SSBT.

Hazardous and harmful production factors GOST 12.0.003.96 SSBT.

Price list No. 07-02 dated 24.12.2001. Wholesale prices for petroleum products.

Fire safety GOST 12.1.004-96.

Regulations on TO and TR of rolling stock of road transport M .: Transport 1994

Serov I.P. Methods for determining wholesale prices for products of the machine-building complex M .: Economizdat, 1993

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is one of the most dynamically developing regions of the Russian Federation. Our district is the main oil and gas region in Russia and one of the largest oil producing regions in the world. In Russia, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is leading in a number of key economic indicators:

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Graduate work

Project of a diagnostic section of a car service station

1. RESEARCH PART

1.1 General

2 general characteristics service stations

2. TECHNOLOGICAL PART

1 Justification of capacity and type of service station

2 Technological calculation

3 Calculation of the annual scope of work of the service station

4 Calculation of the number of production workstations of maintenance

2.5 Calculation of the number of posts and the car - places in the painting area

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

1 Calculation of the area of ​​the room

2 Selection of technological equipment and tooling for the site.

3 Development of a technological process for diagnosing the power supply system of a VAZ-2110 diesel engine

ROUTING

1 Organization of technical diagnostics of cars

2 technical diagnostics of the chassis of the car

DESIGN PART

1 Description of the fixture

2 Structural strength analysis

ECONOMIC SECTION

1 Calculation of the cost of fixed assets

2 Calculation of payroll costs

3 Calculation of the cost of depreciation

4 Calculation of business overheads

5 Calculation of costs, profits and taxes

FINAL PART

1 Labor protection

2 Dangerous and harmful production factors affecting workers

3 Requirements for labor protection of workers in the organization and performance of work

3.1 General

3.2 Fire safety

3.3 Work and rest regime

CONCLUSION

LIST OF SOURCES USED

diagnosing maintenance engine car

1. RESEARCH PART

1.1 General

Until recently, the development of a network of car service stations was not sharply set, due to the small number of passenger cars in the personal use of citizens, as well as the ease of maintenance domestic cars due to the uncomplicated design.

The growth in the number of passenger cars owned by citizens, as well as the complication of the designs of various mechanisms and assemblies installed on cars, requires significant capital investments in the development of a network of specialized car service enterprises - passenger car maintenance and repair stations.

It is known that until recently, about 50% of the entire fleet of passenger cars in personal use were serviced by their owners independently, but due to the improvement of the designs of mechanisms and assemblies installed on cars, as well as an increase in the number of cars, it became possible to reduce this indicator to a minimum, with building new or expanding old service stations throughout the country.

At the moment, the network of specialized service stations satisfies the need for servicing only about 40% of the entire fleet of passenger cars in personal use of citizens, and are mainly located in large cities of the country, which is about 30% of all cities.

The growth rate of the number of private cars, the improvement of the design of mechanisms and units installed on them, the involvement of an increasing number of people in the transport process, as well as an increase in traffic intensity on the roads, requires the rapid and high-quality development of service stations. Such stations are characterized by a number of signs related to their activities: high-quality maintenance and repair of cars, provision of a warranty period for a certain mileage or period, expert advice, sale of high-quality spare parts and accessories for cars, providing customers with comfortable waiting areas (cafes, billiard rooms, rest rooms and etc.).

The design of additional areas at the passenger car service and repair station in order to reduce material costs, while increasing the quality of service, must be carried out in the following closely interrelated areas:

Strengthening the production and technical base through the construction of new or reconstruction of old service stations for more promising projects;

improving the efficiency of the maintenance and repair system by improving the qualifications of workers, using high-quality spare parts, Supplies and the introduction of modern equipment at work stations.

The task of the considered station for the maintenance and repair of passenger cars should be solved by modern methods developed as a result of research activities.

At the same time, the object of these studies is some features of the operation of passenger cars in private use of citizens:

the value of the average daily and average annual runs;

the period of operation during the year;

vehicle storage conditions (open or closed);

the degree of professionalism of the owners in driving and repairing a car;

road conditions.

In addition to the features of operation, there are a number of other factors that are the subject of research, they have a significant role in the uneven arrival of cars at the posts, and, consequently, the uneven loading of the service station during the planning period of the scope of work.

The most important condition for the high-quality implementation of the design diploma at the site maintenance station is a clear justification of the initial data adopted for this improvement, which includes the following stages:

selection of car brands to be serviced;

selection of a service station for designing the required site on it;

justification of the capacity of the service station.

To perform these steps, the following data must be determined:

the number of the population and the cars in this city in the personal use of citizens (in our case, the city of Abai in the Karaganda region);

average annual mileage of cars.

As the initial data, we accept that the population of the city of Abai is 53,000 people. We take all brands of cars in the personal use of citizens in the area. According to the traffic police bodies of the city of Abai, their total number is 260 units per 1000 inhabitants. Given these facts, we can determine the number of cars N belonging to the population according to the formula:

N= A n / 1000, (1.1)

where A- the number of residents in the area of ​​the village of Novodolinka; n - the number of cars per 1000 inhabitants.

N =53000 260 /1000 =13780 , cars

If we take into account that a certain part of the owners carries out maintenance and repairs on their own, then the estimated number of serviced cars at the stations N* per year is equal to:

N*= NK, (1.2)

where TO- coefficient taking into account the number of car owners using the services of the workshop.

N*=13780 0,75= 10335 , cars.

Also, according to the data of the traffic police of the city of Abai, the value of the average annual mileage for all brands of the selected cars was obtained, which is 15,000 km.

This service station has 6 posts, serves about 720 cars per year, is located on the outskirts of the city of Abai, near the passing regional road of Karaganda - Zhezkazgan. For the convenience of servicing, not only cars of Abay, but also other cars of adjacent areas and cars that got off the road due to refusal, from the road along the route.

1.2 General characteristics of the service station

The main production unit for servicing passenger cars owned by citizens is a service station.

In our country, service stations are subdivided by purpose into urban (for servicing the fleet of individual vehicles) and road (for providing technical assistance to all vehicles on the way). Urban stations can be universal or specialized by type of work and car brands, and by power and size, they are divided into four categories: small, medium, large and large.

The station chosen for improvement is one of the small type road stations with six posts. The service station "Auto Center Abay" is located on the outskirts of Abay on 10 years of Independence street, in the form of a rectangular section of a two-storey building with overall dimensions of 48x12 m, the total area of ​​which is 576 m 2.

The territory of the station is bordered on two sides, in front of the road and the parking lot of cars waiting for tire repair at the tire fitting site. Rear borders with storage space finished cars and waiting for repairs. Access to the service station territory is carried out from the yard on the right side, on the left side there is a reserve passage for the movement of fire trucks.

On the second floor with an area of ​​6x12m there is a shop for car parts, for the needs of customers repaired at this service station their cars.

The owner of the service station is an entrepreneur Muzalev Vyacheslav Dmitrievich.

Service station work schedule, 1.5 shifts from 9 00 - 18 00.

2. TECHNOLOGICAL PART

2.1 Justification of capacity and type of service station

Justification of the capacity and type of service station are required as input data for the technological calculation.

Production capacity is determined by the amount of products produced in physical terms or in value terms for a certain period. For a service station, in general terms, this indicator is the number of comprehensively serviced vehicles during the year. The production capacity, in turn, is greatly influenced by the size of the enterprise.

The size of an enterprise is determined by the amount of living and materialized labor, i.e. the number of employees and production assets. Basically, the size of production assets, and, consequently, the size of the service station can be characterized by the number of work posts, sections, waiting areas, etc.

When assessing the production capacity or the size of the station, it is currently customary to characterize one indicator - the number of work posts. By definition, a work post is a car - a place equipped with appropriate technological equipment designed to perform technical actions directly on a car. During the analysis carried out in the first part of the project, it became clear that with the improvement at the station, it is necessary to organize an additional number of work posts in order to meet the needs of the population in maintenance and repair. One of the main factors affecting the main indicator (the number of work stations of the service station) is the number of services per year, which in turn depends on the estimated number of cars served by the station.

Since the station is located near the Karaganda-Zhezkazgan highway, it is necessary to take into account the number of cars that can arrive at the station for repairs.

When determining the type of station, it is necessary to be guided by the size of the city in which the station is located, in small and medium-sized cities (the number of inhabitants is up to 100 thousand people), it is advisable to organize universal stations, and in large cities (the number of inhabitants is over 100 thousand people), the organization of stations specialized in a specific car brand.

The area in which the service station is located is considered small in terms of population, therefore, when improving the station, it will be advisable to leave a universal station with the number of working posts from 6.

As noted in the first part of the project, the number of cars, taking into account the fact that 25% of citizens maintain and repair cars on their own, is 7,500 units. Taking into account the fact that the station is located close to the road of republican significance and there are road maintenance stations along its entire length, the number of cars - arrivals per day can be taken insignificant, about three arrivals.

2.2 Technological calculation

Table 1. Initial data

the number of car visits to the station per year:

Nyear = Nhundredd, ed. (2.1)

where d- the number of arrivals of one car per year, we accept d = 4 times.

Nyear= 7204 = 1440 aut.

the number of arrivals of cars from the road per day, we accept

Nwithd = 2 auto; station operating mode:

1) the number of working days of the station per year - D RAB.G= 365 days;

) the number of shifts - C = 1.5 shifts;

) the duration of the work shift - T cm= 8 hours.

the number of vehicle arrivals from the road per year;

Nyeard = Nwithd D RAB.G, ed. (2.2)

Nyeard= 2365 = 730aut.

2.3 Calculation of the annual scope of work of the service station

The annual scope of work of the station includes maintenance, current repairs, cleaning - washing and works.

Annual scope of maintenance work and maintenance for city stations can be determined from the following expression:

Person-h. (2.3)

where Nhundred1, None hundred2,. None hundred3- respectively, the number of cars of especially small, small and middle class, serviced by the projected station per year. According to the statistical data obtained in the traffic police of the city of Abai in this region, it is known that the number of cars of an especially small class is 10%, small - 55%, medium - 35%.

Based on these data, we get:

None hundred= 0.1720 = 72 auth., None hundred2= 0.55720 = 396 auth.,

None hundred3= 0.35720 = 252 aut.;

LD1, LG2, LG3- average annual mileage of cars of especially small, small and middle class, LD1= LG2= LG3= 15000 km;

t 1 , t 2 , t 3 - specific labor intensity of works on maintenance and repair of cars of especially small, small and medium classes, t 1 = 2.4 person-hours / 1000 km, t 2 = 2.8 person-hours / 1000 km, t 3 = 3.3 man-hours / 1000 km.

Person-h.

The annual scope of maintenance and repair work for vehicles entering the station from the road can be determined from the following expression:

Person-h. (2.4)

where Nwith- the number of car arrivals per day;

D RAB.G- the number of working days of the station per year;

tWed- the average labor intensity of the work of one arrival, we accept tWed= 3.6 people-hours

The total annual volume of maintenance and repair work for vehicles at the station will be:

Person-h. (2.5)

The approximate distribution of the total annual volume of maintenance and repair work in percentage and man-hours is summarized in Table 2.

Table 2. - Approximate distribution of the scope of work by type and place of their implementation at the station

The annual volume of diagnostic work is calculated based on the number of trips per year for one vehicle. It is generally accepted that the interval between one and the second race is about 800 - 1000 km. Taking this standard as a basis, we have about 11 arrivals of one car per year.

The annual amount of diagnostic work can be determined from the following expression:

Person-h. (2.6)

where dmind.- the number of visits to the service station of cars per year;

tmind - the average labor intensity of cleaning and washing work of one car, we accept tmind = 0.2 person-hours

Annual volume of ancillary work. The auxiliary work includes self-service work of the station (maintenance and repair of technological equipment of zones and sections, maintenance of utilities, maintenance and repair of buildings, manufacture and repair of non-standard equipment and tools), which are carried out in independent departments or in the corresponding production areas. Plant ancillary work usually accounts for about 15-20% of the total annual maintenance and repair work. In the calculation, we take 15% of the total annual volume of work:

, person-h. (2.7)

Substituting the values ​​into the formula (2.5) we get:

2.4 Calculation of the number of production workstations of maintenance

Production workers include work areas and areas directly performing maintenance and repair work on vehicles.

Distinguish between the technologically necessary (attendance) and the regular number of workers. For a service station in this project, we will calculate only the technologically necessary number of workers, which can be determined using the following expression:

Persons (2.8)

where Ti . G- the annual volume of work in the zone or section, man-h;

FT- the annual time fund of a technologically necessary worker in one-shift work, we take FT= 2070 h.

The technologically required number of workers for the diagnostic area is calculated based on the following expression:

Persons (2.9)

where T g m- the annual volume of work on preparation, inspection, listening to cars, performed at the work stations of the site, man-h.

,

accept P T m = 2 workers.

2.5 Calculation of the number of posts and cars - places in the diagnostic area

To calculate the number of posts in the maintenance and repair area, as well as some sections, the following data is required:

- annual volume of post work T P, which, depending on the post, is taken in table 2;

- The coefficient of unevenness of the arrival of cars at the posts of the service station φ , the value of which is 1.1-1.3, depending on the conditions;

- Average number of workers simultaneously working on the post R CP, which ranges from 1 to 3 people, depending on the need.

The annual fund of working hours of the post F p, the value of which can be found using the following expression:

Ch. (2.10)

Where D RAB.G- the number of working days of the station per year;

T CM- the duration of the work shift

WITH- number of shifts;

η - the utilization rate of working time, we accept η = 0.9.

Posts (2.11)

where T P- the annual volume of post work;

φ is the coefficient of unevenness of the arrival of cars at the posts, we take φ = 1,1;

F p- the annual fund of working hours of the post, h;

R CP- the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post.

The number of posts of the diagnostic site can be calculated using the following expression:

, posts (2.12)

where T n m= - the annual volume of post work, person-h;

R cf m- the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post of the diagnostic section, we take R cf m= 1 worker.

accept HM= 1 post

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

3.1 Calculation of the area of ​​the room

To calculate the area of ​​industrial premises, the following indicators are required:

number of posts X i adopted for a given zone or site;

car footprint fa which depends on overall dimensions the largest vehicle served at the posts of the corresponding zone or section;

the density factor of the arrangement of posts K n, which depends on the number and overall dimensions of the equipment used at the posts, as well as on the number and method of placing posts, and is adopted for posts with a one-sided arrangement equal to 6 - 7, for a two-sided arrangement equal to 4 - 5, and with the number of posts less than 10 4 and below.

The area of ​​the production site can be calculated using the following expression:

F 3 = f aX nNS, m 2 (3.1)

where f a - the area occupied by the car in the plan, we take f a= 8.7 m 2; NSi - number of posts;

NS - the density coefficient of the arrangement of posts, we take NS = 3.

Diagnostic area:

3.2 Selection of technological equipment and tooling for the site

For the diagnostic section, the following equipment is used: a bath for washing parts 2239-P, devices: for checking the jets and stop valves of the NIIAT-528 carburetor, for checking fuel pumps and 5575 carburetors, to check the limiters and maximum RPM crankshaft NIIAT-419, for testing the elasticity of diffuser plates NIIAT-357, for testing the elasticity of the diaphragm springs of fuel pumps GARO-357, for testing fuel pumps of cars 6276, as well as: table-reel machine NS-12, a tank for control measurements of fuel on the GARO line -361, manual rack press 6KS-918, electric grinder I-138A, pneumatic clamping device for disassembling and assembling PRS-22,

probe set No. 3 made of plates, GOST-8965-88, table for instruments 1010-P, stand for equipment ORG-1012-210, cabinet for storing materials, chest for waste 2317-P.

At the diagnostic site, in one shift, two workers with the fourth category are employed.

Ventilation in the diagnostic area is supply and exhaust. Air supply is provided by fans installed in the air duct system with air preheating in winter. In winter, when the doors are opened, the ventilation flow is redirected to the ventilation ducts mounted around the openings, from which the air flows out, with the help of dampers, thus providing a thermal curtain. The hood is also provided with fans.

3.3 Development of a technological process for diagnosing the power supply system of a VAZ-2110 diesel engine

The fuel injection system rarely bothers the car owner. But if something happens, troubleshooting can take time and effort. Especially if the driver does not have the necessary skills ... and grabs at one thing or another. Meanwhile in fuel system everything is quite simple and logical. Shall we "walk" on it? Let's start with an electric petrol pump, which, as you know, must supply fuel from the tank to the engine under sufficient pressure. Refusal pump<#"804249.files/image023.gif">

Figure - 3. Support stand.

Upper base plate of the rack; 2 - sliding cylinder; 3 - lower support cylinder; 4 - thrust pin; 5 - lower base plate of the rack

5.2 Structural strength analysis

In the calculated part of the structure, it is proposed to calculate the shear of the thrust pin of the support post of the model.

A pin (German Stift) is a rod of a cylindrical or conical shape for a fixed connection of parts, as a rule, in a strictly defined position, as well as for transferring relatively small loads. Before installing the pin, the parts that will be connected to it are fixed in the required position, a hole for the pin is drilled and deployed in them, and then the pin itself is inserted into the specified hole, which holds them together. A conical pin is more versatile than a cylindrical one, since due to its shape peculiarity it can be used many times without reducing the accuracy of the arrangement of parts. Sometimes the pin is threaded (usually for attaching orders and awards)

l = 200 mm Ø = 20 mm

Check the tensile strength of the rod, its head for shear if

,

,

.

Rod diameter d = 20 mm = 0.02 m; therefore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the rod, and the normal force in this section is N = 2kN = 2000N.

Working stress in cross section

2. The head of the rod can be cut along a cylindrical surface with a diameter of d = 20 * 10-3 m and a height of h = 20 * 10-3 m (Figure 1, b), i.e.

Therefore, the operating cutoff voltage

The overload is (3.8 / 60) 100% = 6.33%, which is unacceptable. It is necessary to either reduce the load or take a rod with a higher head.

The contact surface between the rod head and the support has the shape of a flat ring (Figure 1, c), i.e.

We calculate the working crumple stress by the formula

6. ECONOMIC SECTION

6.1 Calculation of the cost of fixed assets

Fixed production assets are those means of labor that participate in many production cycles, while maintaining their natural form, and their value is transferred to the finished product for a long time, their value is determined by:

Sof. = Szdr. + Own. + Sync. + Ref. + P.

The cost of the building is determined by the formula:

Szdr. =S ∙ P,

where S - building area, 576m 2

P- the cost of one sq. square meter, 80400 tg

Szdr.= 576 ∙ 80400 = 46310400tg.

Equipment balance sheet:

Own ball= RUB 2,975,726.6

The cost of equipment is determined by:

Own.= ∑WITHi ∙ n= С1 ∙ 1 + С2 ∙ 1 + ... + С9 ∙ 1,

where WITHi- the cost of a piece of equipment,

n- the number of units. equipment.

The cost of equipment is determined based on the market value and is reflected in table. eight.

Tab. 8. Equipment cost

Own.= 2705206tg.

The cost of inventory is 2% of the book value of the equipment:

Sync.= 0.02 ∙ Sob.ball

Sync.= 0.02 ∙ 2975726.6 = 59514.32 tg.

The cost of the devices is 10% of the book value of the equipment:

Ref. = 0,1 ∙ Own ball

Ref.= 0.1 ∙ 2975726.6 = 297572.66 tenge

The costs associated with the transportation and installation of new equipment are 10% of its cost:

P. = 0.1 ∙ Add.

P. = 0.1 ∙ 2705206 = 270520.6 tenge.

Additional capital investments are:

Kdop. = Own. + P.

Kdop. = 2705206 + 270520.6 = 2975726.6 tg.

Determine the cost of fixed assets Sof.:

Sof.= 2749680 + 2705206 + 59514.32 + 297572.66 + 270520.6 = 6082494tg.

6.2 Calculation of payroll costs

Payroll according to the tariff:

FZPt. = Count. ∙ Tguch.,

where Count.- hourly tariff rate, 800 tenge.

Tguch.- the annual volume of work on the site, 2172.6 man-hours.

FZPt.= 800 ∙ 2172.6 = 1738080 tenge.

Performance bonuses are:

NS. = 0.35 ∙ FZPt.

NS.= 0.35 ∙ 1738080 = 608328tg.

The main wage fund is determined:

FZPosn. = FZPt. + Ave.

FZPosn. = 1738080 + 608328 = 2346408tg.

Additional wages fund is 10-40%:

FZPadd. = ФЗПосн. ∙ 0.10

FZPadd. = 2346408 ∙ 0.10 = 234640.8 tg.

The general payroll consists of the main and additional payroll:

FZPbsh. = ФЗПосн. + FZPadd.

FZPbsh. = 2346408 + 234640.8 = 2581048.8 tg.

Average wage of a production worker for the year:

ZPSr. = ФЗП tot. / Rpr.,

where Rpr.- the number of production workers, 2 people.

ZPSr. = 2581048.8 / 2 = 1290524.4 tg.

1 person per month = 12900524tg.

Payroll accrual 26.0%:

Nach. = 0.26 ∙ FZPtotal

Nach. = 0.26 ∙ 2581048.8 = 671072.7 tg.

General payroll with accruals:

FZP total start = ФЗП tot. + Nnach.

FZP total start = 2581048.8 + 671072.7 = 3252121.5 tg.

6.3 Calculation of depreciation charges

The depreciation expense consists of two items:

a) for the complete restoration of equipment is taken equal to 12% of the book value of the equipment - Sa.ob.

Sa.ob.= 2975726.6 ∙ 0.12 = 357087.19 tg.

b) the deduction for the restoration of buildings is taken equal to 3% of their value - Sa.zd.

Sa.zd.= 2749680 ∙ 0.03 = 82490.4 tg.

Total total depreciation costs will be:

Ca. total = Ca.ob. + Ca.zd.

Ca. total = 357087.19 + 82490.4 = 439577.59 tg.

6.4 Calculation of business overheads

Equipment operating costs:

for power electricity:

Se. =W ∙ STo.,

where Se.- the cost of electricity per year, rubles; W - annual power consumption, 300 kW / h; STo.- the cost of one kW / h of power electricity, 20tg .; Se. = 300 ∙ 20 = 600tg. - for water supply:

St. =Qv. ∙Sm.,

where St.- the cost of water consumed per year, rubles;

Qv.- annual water consumption, 2000m 3;

Sm.- the cost of 1 m 3 cubic meters water, 80tg / m 3;

St. = 2000 ∙ 80 = 160000 tenge.

about 5% of its cost is taken for equipment repair. Thus, the cost of repairing equipment:

Wed ob. = 0.05 ∙ Sob.bal.

Wed ob. = 0.05 ∙ 2975726.6 = 148786.33 tg.

other expenses are taken in the amount of 5% of the amount of expenses for the previous items: Ref.= 0.05 ∙ 309386.33 = 154693.2 tg.

6.5 Calculation of costs, profits and taxes

The cost per person-hour is determined by the formula:

S= ∑ Comm. / Tguch.,

where Comm.- total costs for the year, 10 083 579.22 tenge.

We calculate the cost price - S.

S = 10083579.22 / 2772.6 = 3637 people-hours.

Labor cost:

C =S ∙ R,

where R- profitability.

Taking the profitability equal to 10-25%, we determine the price of a person-hour - Ts.

C = 3637 ∙ 1.25 = 4546tg.

We calculate the revenue as follows:

D = C ∙ Tguch.

D = 4546 ∙ 2772.6 = 12604240 tenge.

Profit from sales:

NS. = D - Zbsch.,

where Zobsch- general costs, 10083579.22 tenge.

NS. = 12604240- 10083579.22 = 2520663tg.

Non-operating expenses are defined as the amount of property taxes:

Rvn. = The poor.,

where The poor.- property tax, is 2% of the residual value of fixed assets.

The residual value of fixed assets is equal to:

Compiled by = 0.5 ∙ Sof.

Compiled by = 0.5 ∙ 6082494 = 3041247 tg.

Property tax is determined according to the following relationship:

The poor. = 0.02 ∙ Comp.

The poor. = 0.02 ∙ 3041247 = 60824.94 tenge.

Balance sheet profit is determined by the formula:

Pb. = Ex. - The poor.

Pb. = 1648951.01 - 60824.94 = 1588126 tenge.

The net profit is equal to the book profit, since the company does not deduct income tax:

Pch. = 1588126 tg.

Net income:

Chd. = 1588126 tg.

The financial results of the site should be presented in the form of a table. eleven.

Tab. 11. Financial results of the site

Profitability of costs on balance sheet profit:

Rcost = PB. / ∑ Comm.

Rcost = 1588126 / 6595804,04 = 0,24%

Profitability of fixed assets in terms of balance sheet profit:

Rbasic ph. = PB. / Sof.

Rbasic ph. = 1588126 / 6082494 = 0,26%

The return on assets of the site is calculated as follows:

Pho. = D / Sof.

Pho. = 8244755.05 / 6082494 = 1.36 tenge.

Capital intensity, the reciprocal of the return on assets:

Fe. = 1 / Pho.

Fe. = 1 / 1.36 = 0.74 tg.

Capital-labor ratio:

Fv. = Sof. / Rpr., Tg. / ​​Person

Fv. = 6082494/6 = 1013748.97 tenge / person

Payback period:

T = Kdop. / Pb.

T = 2975726.6 / 1588126 = 1.87 years

Tab. 11. Summary table of technical, economic and financial indicators of the site

7. FINAL PART

7.1 Occupational safety

In our country, labor protection is a system of legislative acts and the corresponding socio-economic, technical, hygienic and organizational measures that ensure safety, health and performance of a person in the labor process.

At an enterprise where labor protection of workers must be given constant attention, the attitude of engineering and technical and managerial workers to the implementation of measures to improve working conditions in production conditions should serve as a criterion for their civic maturity and professional preparedness.

Labor protection is also an important economic factor, improved conditions are influenced by labor productivity and the quality of products, a decrease in the number of accidents, a decrease in staff turnover, injuries and occupational diseases, as well as associated economic losses.

An important factor in improving labor protection at the enterprise is the provision of the workers of the enterprise with the necessary normative and reference literature.

7.2 Dangerous and harmful production factors affecting workers

Maintenance, repair and inspection of the technical condition of the automatic telephone exchange is carried out in specially designated places (posts) equipped with the necessary equipment, devices, instruments, fixtures and fittings. Vehicles sent to the posts of maintenance, repair and inspection of technical condition must be washed, cleaned of dirt and snow. ATS is put into positions under the guidance of a responsible employee (foreman, site manager, ATC technical condition controller, etc.).
The entry of the vehicle into the industrial premises of stations and points of state technical inspection and their placement at the working checkpoints must be carried out by the inspectors of the technical condition of the vehicle, who must have a vehicle driver's license of the corresponding category.

Travel speed Vehicle should not exceed 10 km / h on the territory of the organization, 5 km / h - in production and other premises.

The speed of movement of vehicles on bends, when entering and exiting a gate, exiting from a corner of a building, crossing railways, at intersections, in places of heavy traffic of workers, when driving reverse should not exceed 3 km / h. When servicing the vehicle on a lift (hydraulic, electromechanical), a plate with the inscription "Do not touch - under by car people work! ".

If it is necessary to perform work under the vehicle located outside the inspection ditch, elevator, overpass, workers must be provided with sun loungers.

When removing and installing parts, components and assemblies weighing 30 kg for men and 10 kg for women (up to twice an hour) and 15 kg for men and 7 kg for women (more than twice an hour), it is necessary to use lifting and transport mechanisms. Gas-fueled vehicles can only enter service stations after their engines have been converted to oil-fueled vehicles.

Before surrender car operating on gas fuel, during overhaul the gas from the cylinders must be fully developed (released, drained), and the cylinders themselves must be degassed. If necessary, the cylinders together with the gas equipment can be removed and handed over for storage to a specialized warehouse. Checking the technical condition of vehicles and their units when releasing to the line and returning from the line should be with braked wheels. An exception to this rule is the cases of testing the brakes, checking the operation of the power supply and ignition system, when the engine operation is necessary in accordance with the technological process.

When working in winter, it is not allowed:

Launch vehicles with faulty cabin and cabin heating devices;

Touching metal objects, parts and tools with your hands without special gloves;

Preheat the engine with an open flame;

Carry passengers, loaders and workers accompanying goods in an open body.

V battery compartment there must be a washbasin and soap. If acid, alkali or electrolyte gets on open parts of the body, a long (1 hour) rinsing with a stream of cold water, the application of a dry aseptic (sterile) dressing and an immediate visit to a doctor are necessary. If acid, alkali or electrolyte gets into the eyes, it is necessary to immediately rinse the eyes with a stream of running water, apply an aseptic dressing and urgently consult an ophthalmologist.

When two or more drivers of a vehicle are sent to work together for a period of more than two days, the employer is obliged by order to appoint an employee responsible for labor protection. Compliance with the requirements of this employee is mandatory for all drivers of this group of vehicles.

Transportation of people in the back of a cargo car with an onboard platform is allowed if it is equipped in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts. In this case, the carriage of children is allowed only in exceptional cases. Before boarding, the driver is obliged to instruct passengers on the procedure for boarding and disembarking. Persons in the vehicle are obliged to comply with the driver's requirements.

When working on road trains, the coupling of a road train consisting of car and trailers should be produced by three people - the driver, the coupler and the employee coordinating their work.

Each vehicle must be provided with special stops (at least two pieces) for lining under the wheels, a wide lining under the heel jack and a first aid kit, emergency stop sign or flashing red light, and a fire extinguisher.
The movement of traffic flows on the territory of the organization should be carried out in accordance with the Scheme of the movement of vehicles approved by the head of the organization, installed on boards in prominent places: at the entrance gates, in the transport department, at highways and in other places of heavy traffic. Signs regulating the movement of transport and workers should also be installed there.

Workers performing maintenance and repair of vehicles must be provided with appropriate serviceable tools, devices, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Laundry and dry cleaning of special clothing is carried out by the organization at its expense according to the schedule and within the terms established taking into account the production conditions. During this time, workers should be provided with replacement kits.

In general cases, special clothing should be washed once every 6 days for heavy soiling, and once every 10 days for moderate soiling. After finishing work, you must thoroughly wash your hands and face with soap and take a shower.

ATS is allowed to be stored in heated and unheated rooms, under sheds and in specially designated open areas. Tank cars for the transportation of hot and flammable substances should be stored in open areas, under sheds or in isolated one-storey ground garages with a direct exit to the outside and equipped with explosion-proof supply and exhaust ventilation.

Gas-fueled vehicles may only be parked indoors if there is a hermetically sealed gas supply system.

7.3 Occupational safety requirements for workers when organizing and carrying out work

Employees must be at least 18 years old to drive vehicles. years , corresponding in their physical, physiological, psychological and other data to the nature of the work performed and the type (type) of the vehicle, passed a medical examination, trained in safe methods and techniques of work, having a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle of the corresponding category. At the same time: vehicle drivers must undergo a pre-trip medical examination before being allowed to work on the line. Employees operating, maintenance and repair of vehicles are trained and instructed in labor protection in accordance with GOST 12.0.004-90.
The employer is obliged, together with the relevant trade union body or other authorized employees of the representative body, to draw up a list of positions and professions of employees who must undergo preliminary (upon admission to work) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations, and coordinate it with the local authorities of Rospotrebnadzor.
If the employee evades medical examinations or does not comply with the recommendations based on the results of the examinations, the employee is not allowed to perform his job duties.

The briefing, by its nature and timing, is divided into:

Introductory;

Primary in the workplace;

Repeated;

Unscheduled;

Target.

Each worker with a profession, after initial instruction at the workplace to master the skills of safe working techniques, is assigned for 2 - 5 shifts (depending on the nature and complexity of the profession) to a foreman-mentor or an experienced worker under whose guidance he performs the work. After that, the head of the site, making sure that the newly arrived worker has mastered safe work practices, draws up admission to independent work.
Re-instruction held in order to consolidate knowledge of safe methods and techniques of work according to the program of primary instruction in the workplace. In connection with the classification of vehicles as high-risk means, all employees, regardless of their qualifications, education and work experience, are re-instructed at least once every 3 months.
Unscheduled briefing is carried out in the following cases:

When changing the rules for labor protection;

When changing the technological process, replacing or modernizing equipment, fixtures, tools, raw materials, materials;

And other factors affecting labor safety;

In case of violation of labor safety requirements by the employee, which can lead or led to injury, accident, explosion or fire, poisoning;

During breaks in work: for 30 calendar days or more - for work to which additional (increased) labor safety requirements are imposed; 60 days or more - for other works.

Initial in the workplace, repeated and unscheduled briefings conducts direct supervisor of work, and repeated and unscheduled - individually or with a group of workers of the same profession.
Carrying out primary, repeated and unscheduled briefings is registered in a special journal with the obligatory signature of the instructor and instructor, the journal indicates the permit for admission to work.

Logs of registration of briefings at the workplace should be numbered, laced, sealed and issued to heads of departments against receipt.

Targeted briefing held at:

Performing one-time work not related to direct duties in the specialty (loading, unloading, cleaning the territory, etc.);

Elimination of the consequences of accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes;

The production of work for which a work permit, permit and other documents are issued;

Excursions to organizations; organization of mass events with students.

Conducting targeted briefing is recorded in the work permit and in the training register at the workplace.

Employees who have a profession and documents on the passage of the relevant training are allowed to work independently without prior training after passing the introductory and initial briefings.

Newly hired managers and specialists must pass a knowledge test no later than one month after appointment to the position, and those who are employed - periodically, at least once every three years.
On the basis of these Rules, the employer develops labor protection instructions for employees of the relevant professions.
All production and auxiliary areas must be provided with instructions on labor protection by profession and type of work.
Individuals who must be at least 18 years old are allowed to work independently on the repair and maintenance of batteries. years who have the appropriate qualifications, have passed the knowledge test on electrical safety (group III), trained in safe working methods and have the appropriate certificates.

7.3.1 General

The main tasks of technical inspection of automatic telephone exchanges are:

a) checking the compliance of the technical condition and equipment of the vehicle with the established requirements in the field of ensuring the safety of life and health of people, the environment and road traffic(instrumental technical inspection);

b) control of the admission of drivers to participate in road traffic;

c) prevention and suppression of crimes and administrative offenses related to the operation of automatic telephone exchanges;

d) identification of stolen vehicles, state registration plates, as well as forms of certificates of registration of vehicles and coupons for passing a technical inspection;

e) identification of vehicles of road users who fled from the places of road traffic accidents;

f) clarification of the number and ownership of automatic telephone exchanges, as well as other registration data;

g) formation and maintenance of the state information database

on the results of the technical inspection.

The components of the instrumental part of the technical inspection, carry out state and commercial structures that meet the qualification requirements and are allowed to conduct it in the manner prescribed by the current legislation; on 4.1, b-i) - traffic police bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

7.3.2 Fire safety

Equipment, tools and fixtures must meet safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.2.003-83 during the entire period of operation. When placing equipment, the requirements of ONTP 01-86 must be taken into account.

Devices for stopping and starting equipment should be located so that it is convenient to use them and excludes the possibility of spontaneous activation.

Commissioning of new or overhauled equipment is carried out only after its acceptance by a commission with the participation of employees of the organization's labor protection service. The operated equipment must be in good working order, and its technical condition must be under the control of the chief mechanic and the chief diagnostic station.

The faulty equipment is labeled "Do not switch on, faulty". Such equipment must be disconnected or de-energized. Do not operate equipment with a defective, removed or loose guard. The equipment must not be cleaned, lubricated or repaired while the equipment is in operation.

Using portable ladders produced in accordance with the Labor Protection Regulations when working at height.

Technological equipment, as well as the equipment of the industrial premises must be made in compliance with electrical safety standards.

All electric motors, electrically driven equipment, and control panels must be reliably grounded or neutralized. Work without grounding or grounding is not allowed.

Grounding conductors must be accessible for inspection and protected from corrosion.

Burnt out lamps, damaged equipment must be replaced with new ones.

All protective devices are fitted with only calibrated fuses, the use of homemade inserts ("bugs") is not allowed.

The doors of electrical switchgears in industrial premises must be locked with a lock, one copy of the key from which must be kept by the electrician, and the second - by the head of the diagnostic station in the prescribed place.

For power supply of luminaires for general lighting in rooms, as a rule, a voltage of no higher than 220 V is used.

Illumination of the inspection ditch with fluorescent or general conventional lamps supplied with a voltage of 127 ... 220 V is allowed under the following conditions:

All wiring must be internal, have reliable electrical and waterproofing

Lighting equipment and switches must have electrical and waterproofing

Luminaires must be covered with glass or protected by a protective grill

The metal body of the luminaire must be grounded

To power portable lamps in inspection ditches, use a voltage not higher than 12 V.

Compliance with the technological process of performing work and the rules for operating technological equipment plays an important role in ensuring safety.

The performance of work by the personnel of the diagnostic station must be carried out in accordance with the instructions on labor protection brought to them during the briefings.

The participation of drivers, workers of other specialties in the process of checking the technical condition of vehicles is not allowed. An exception is the execution of simple commands by the driver, who is at the wheel of the vehicle, to activate individual controls or to turn on and off the vehicle's instruments.

Checking the technical condition of vehicles held at special posts equipped with the necessary instruments and devices, equipment and tools provided for certain types of work.

The location of the diagnostic posts, the distance between vehicles installed at the posts, as well as between vehicles and building structures must comply with ONTP 01-86.

Vehicles must be brought to the checkpoints clean and dry. Placement on posts should be carried out under the guidance of workers of the diagnostic station.

It is not allowed to enter the posts cars the dimensions of which exceed those indicated above the entrance gate.

Gas-cylinder vehicles can enter the diagnostic line posts only after transferring them to petrol or diesel fuel .

Checking the gas supply system for leaks should carried out at a special post before entering. Entering a room with a leaky power supply system is not allowed.

When transferring the engine to petrol or diesel fuel it is necessary to close the supply valves and completely exhaust the gas from the power supply system (until the engine stops completely), then close the supply valve and turn on the liquid fuel supply.

V production area diagnosis is not allowed:

Storage of flammable and combustible liquids, acids, paints, calcium carbide, etc.

Refueling car fuel

Storing clean cleaning materials together with used

Cluttering of passages and exits from the premises (materials, equipment, containers, etc.)

Spilled oil or fuel should be removed immediately with sand or sawdust, which after use should be poured into metal boxes with lids installed outdoors.

Used cleaning materials should be immediately put into metal boxes with tight lids, and at the end of the working day - removed from the production area to specially designated places.

When carrying out work, it is prohibited:

To be in the inspection ditch, under the flyover when moving the checked vehicles along them

Work on faulty equipment, as well as with faulty tools and devices

Self-eliminate equipment malfunctions

Leave the tool at the edges of the inspection ditch

When checking buses and trucks car step ladders should be used if necessary. The use of ladders is not permitted.

When working in an inspection ditch with high-positioned parts, use stable special supports.

To work in front and behind a car located on an inspection ditch, as well as to cross it, it is necessary to use transition bridges, and for lowering and lifting - special stairs .

To test the effectiveness braking systems at the stand, it is necessary to take measures to prevent spontaneous rolling of the car from the stand rollers. Work at diagnostic stations with a running engine is allowed only when the local suction is switched on, which effectively removes exhaust gases.

When inflating tire it is necessary to use special tips connecting the valve of the chamber (tire) with hose from the air dispenser and ensuring the passage of air through the spool. Tires should be inflated if the air pressure in them has dropped by no more than 40% of the norm and there is a certainty that the correctness of their installation is not violated. Inflating is not allowed tubeless tires above the established rate. To ensure fire safety on the territory and in the premises of the diagnostic stations, the primary fire extinguishing equipment and fire-fighting equipment must be kept in good working order and be in conspicuous places. They must be freely accessible. To indicate the location of fire extinguishers and other fire fighting equipment, direction signs are installed in prominent places. Fire extinguishers, sand boxes, water barrels, buckets, shovel handles and other fire fighting equipment should be painted red.

Fire extinguishers should be placed on the floor in special pedestals or hung in prominent places so that the instructional inscription on their bodies is clearly visible and so that a person can easily, easily and quickly remove them. The distance from the floor to the bottom of the fire extinguisher should be no more than 1.5 m. From the edge of the door when opening it, the fire extinguisher should be located at a distance of at least 1.2 m. visors.

External inspection of fire extinguishers and cleaning them from contamination should be carried out at least once every 10 days. During an external examination, the integrity of the seal and safety plate of foam fire extinguishers should be checked.

It is forbidden to use fire fighting equipment and equipment for household, industrial and other needs not related to fire extinguishing.

Fire hydrants of the internal fire-fighting water supply system must be equipped with hoses well rolled and attached to the taps and trunks.

On the door of the fire hydrant locker, the letter index "PC", the serial number of the fire hydrant, the number phone nearest fire station. The lockers must be closed and sealed.

7.3.3 Work and rest mode

The mode of work and rest of employees should be established in accordance with the Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated May 15, 2007 N 251.

For workers engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, a reduced duration of working time should be established - no more than 36 hours per week in the manner prescribed by Ch. No. 19, article No. 202, of the Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" dated May 22, 2007 No. 76 (25321) Bulletin of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2007, May, Article 65, No. 9 (2490)).

In accordance with the resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, chapter No. 17, article No. 179 ("Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" dated May 22, 2007 N 76 (25321) Bulletin of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2007, May, Article 65, N 9 (2490)) persons under 18 years of age to perform work with harmful or hazardous working conditions.

The list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which it is prohibited to use the labor of women, is established by the decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, article No. 186 chapter No. 17, (Kazakhstanskaya Pravda "dated May 22, 2007 No. 76 (25321) Bulletin of the Parliament of the Republic Kazakhstan 2007, May, article 65, N 9 (2490).

Article 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan states “Everyone has the right to rest. Employees under an employment contract are guaranteed the length of working hours, days off and holidays, paid annual leave. " In this regard, the state establishes the maximum duration of working hours, the minimum amount of weekly rest and annual labor leave.

Working time is the time during which the employee, in accordance with the acts of the employer and the terms of the individual labor contract, performs labor duties (Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Labor in the Republic of Kazakhstan."). The labor duties of an employee are those duties that the employee has assumed under an individual labor contract. The employer's acts can be in the form of orders, instructions, orders, rules that should not contradict the provisions of the current legislation, collective and individual labor contracts.
Working hours are mainly determined by agreement between the employee and the employer. The state legislates only the maximum working time - 40 hours per week. The individual labor contract may establish a shorter duration of working hours.

During working hours, the parties must fulfill their labor duties: the employee must come to work on time, observe the established working hours, use all working hours exclusively for productive work; the employer is obliged to ensure the full and productive use of the employee's working time, not to violate the established duration of work, the daily routine (working hours), the right of employees to rest.

The actual hours worked are to be recorded in the timesheets.

Types of working hours. The current labor legislation provides for the following types of working time: normal duration, reduced duration, part-time work.

Normal business hours. Normal working time is considered to be such a duration of work that does not harm human health and development, therefore, the legislation establishes that the duration of working time at enterprises (institutions, organizations), regardless of the form of ownership, cannot exceed 40 hours per week. This working time is the limit and cannot be increased by agreement of the parties: the employee and the employer. A 5-day or 6-day working week can be established by acts of the employer or a collective agreement. With a six-day working week, the duration of daily work cannot exceed 7 hours, and with a five-day working week - 8 hours.

A working day of normal duration is designed for workers and employees working in conditions that do not require increased physical and neuro-intellectual stress.

Reduced working hours are established for certain categories of workers in order to protect labor, create favorable conditions for the successful combination of training with production.

Reduced working hours are established:

a) for persons under the age of 18;

for employees between the ages of 14 and 16 - working hours should not exceed 24 hours a week;

for employees aged 16 to 18 - 36 hours per week. The length of the working day is set according to the given limit on the number of working hours per week.

b) for workers engaged in heavy physical work with harmful working conditions - working hours should not exceed 36 hours per week.

Heavy physical work is considered to be an employee's activities associated with lifting and moving weights manually, or other work with an energy consumption of more than 300 kcal / hour. Harmful (especially harmful) working conditions are defined as those in which the impact of certain production factors leads to a decrease in the worker's working capacity or illness, or a negative effect on his offspring. The list of heavy work, work with harmful and especially harmful working conditions is determined by the list of industries, workshops, professions and positions, as well as the list of works with harmful working conditions.

Part-time work can be established by agreement between the employee and the employer. The mode and size of part-time work is determined by the parties in the individual labor contract when it is concluded or during the term of the contract.

When changing the normal working hours to part-time, at the request of the employee, the interests and possibilities of production are taken into account. These changes are made by agreement of the parties.

Part-time work does not entail any restrictions on rights for the employee (the amount of annual labor leave). Payment for labor is made only for the work performed and in proportion to the time worked.

Part-time work can be a part-time work week (for example; workers - Monday, Tuesday, Thursday) or part-time (four hours daily). At the same time, in the individual labor contract, the parties must determine the number of working hours per week and the mode (part-time week or part-time) of working time.

Certain restrictions have been set for those working at night. Night time is considered to be from 22 o'clock to 6 o'clock in the morning. Night work is allowed in cases where work is necessary, for example, in communications, transport, etc.

Pregnant women may only be allowed to work at night with their consent. And persons under the age of 18, and other persons with a medical certificate prohibiting work at night, are not allowed to work at night.

CONCLUSION

The developed thesis project provides for the project of the diagnostic section of the car service station. For calculations, the production and technical base of the service station "Auto Center Abai" was taken.

The project was carried out on the basis of the existing base for repair and maintenance of rolling stock. The number of mobile and the number of residents are taken according to the traffic police and the statistics department of the city of Abai as of 01.01.2014.

The calculation of the annual production program for the maintenance and repair of automobiles was carried out according to the methodology for the design of automobile service stations.

A brief description of the enterprise is given, as well as the design object (diagnostic area). The initial data were analyzed, on the basis of this, the technological calculation of the production program for maintenance and repair for the enterprise was carried out. Based on the results of the technological calculation, the following was determined: the annual number of daily maintenance services and the labor intensity of current repairs; the number of workers in the diagnostic area has been calculated. The selection of technological equipment has been made.

On the issues of human life safety and safety measures, issues on safety during the performance of diagnostic work, fire safety, hazardous and harmful factors affecting workers, work and rest were considered.

In the technological map, the organization of technical diagnostics of cars was considered and a technical chart for diagnosing the VAZ-2110 car was developed. For the convenience of carrying out maintenance operations on the car, the fenders were cut, the passenger seats were removed, the door trims were removed.

In this diploma project, a special task has been completed in the design department. It includes the development of a model for a VAZ-2106 passenger car.

In the economic part of the project, the calculation of the effectiveness of investments in the production and technical base of the projected diagnostic area was made.

The cost of the work performed, the cost of equipment, depreciation deductions for buildings, equipment, workers' wages were calculated. The recoupment of the cost of equipment and buildings was calculated, they will pay off within 1.87 years. A list of used literature was also provided with the help of which the graduation project was made.

9. LIST OF USED SOURCES

1) Alexandrov L.A. "Technical regulation in road transport" M .: Transport 1998

) Arshinov V.A., Alekseev T.R. "Metal cutting and cutting tools" M .: Mechanical Engineering 1993

) Turevsky L.L., Ostrovsky N.B., Zuckerberg S.M., "Unified transport system and road transport" M.: Transport 2008

) Demin P.A. "Safety Handbook" M.: 1998

) Dolik P.A "Safety Handbook" M .: Energosetiizdat, 1994

) Ivorev S.A. "Economic issues in the organization of ATP" M .: Higher School 1991

) Karagodin V.I. "Repair of cars and engines" M .: Mastery Higher school, 2001

) Kramarenko G.V. "Technical operation of cars" M .: Transport 1998

) Spichkin G.V., Tretyakov A.M. "Workshop on diagnosing cars" / Textbook. A manual for SPTU.-2nd ed., Revised. And additional -M .: Higher school, 1986.-439 s

) Novak V.M. "Handbook of a mechanical engineer" M .: Mechanical engineering 1993

) "Rates of depreciation and methods for determining wholesale prices for mechanical engineering products" edited by A.A. Simonev. Moscow: Economics 1992

) Serov I.P. "Methods for determining wholesale prices for products of the machine-building complex" M .: Economizdat, 1993

) Savin V.I. D.L. Schur "Cargo transportation" M .: business and service 2007

) Kondratko I.I., Kireeva M.V., Levchenko I.V. "Requirements and rules for the execution of text documents and graphic parts of the FQP (DP), KP (KR) in the educational process."

) Shadrichev V.A. "Fundamentals of the technology of the automotive industry and car repair." - L .: Mashinostroenie, 1976.-560 p.

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Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation

Siberian State College of Construction and Entrepreneurship

Specialty number 1705

Qualified for protection

deputy. Director for SD. Head
branch

Kabanov G.V. Semenov
V. A.

“___________”____”
“__________”____”

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Course project on the topic:

"Diagnostic site."

Completed:

Student gr. 3053

Tukalenko. ...

Checked:

Matveev E. Yu.

Irkutsk-2001

Siberian College of Construction and Entrepreneurship.

Task no.

For the implementation of a course project on a diagnostic site, a student
Tukalenko .., course 3 groups 3053.

Initial data:

Average daily mileage lcc = 320 km.;

The climate is very cold.

Car make Quantity Mileage in km.

Explanatory note.

1. General part

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Characteristics of the object

2. Settlement and technological part

2.1. Selection of standards and correction factors

2.2. Calculation of the annual production program

2.3. Calculation of the annual scope of work

2.4. Calculation of the number of production workers

2.5. Selection of technological equipment

2.6. Calculation of production areas

3. Organizational part

3.2. Selection and justification of the regime of work and rest

3.3. Occupational Safety and Health

4. Design part

5. Conclusion

Bibliography

The grafical part.

Sheet 1. Drawing of a flatbed diagnostic site.

Sheet 2. Drawing assembly puller of cardan shaft bearings.

Date of issue of the project ___________ End date __________

Head _______________, Chairman _______________

"_____" ___________ 2001 Minutes No. __________________

A common part_____________________________________________________

Introduction _____________________________________________________

Object characteristics ________________________________________

Settlement and technological part _________________________________

Selection of standards and correction factors ______________

2.1.1 Determination of the labor intensity of TO ___________________________________

2.1.2 Determining the frequency _____________________________________

2.1.3 Determination of the reduction factor __________________________

2.1.4 Determination of the number of machines brought ___________________________

2.1.5 Determination of the total number of machines ____________________________

2.1.6 Selection and adjustment of standards ______________________________

2.1.7 Determination of the labor intensity of the SW ___________________________________

2.1.8 Determination of the labor intensity of TO ___________________________________

Determination of the labor intensity of the TR ___________________________________

2.1.10 Correction of mileage taking into account the multiplicity ________________________

2.2 Calculation of the annual production program ______________________

2.2.1 Determination of the technical availability factor ________________

2.2.2 Determination of PS use __________________________________

2.2.3 Determination of the annual mileage of the fleet _____________________________

2.2.4 Determining the number of services per year ___________________________

2.2.5 Determination of the annual labor intensity of work _________________________

2.3 Calculation of the annual scope of work ____________________________________

2.3.1 Annual scope of work on TR ______________________________________

2.3.2 Determination of the annual shift program for technical

car maintenance _____________________________________

2.3.3 Determination of the total annual labor intensity of TO and TR of the mobile

composition for
ATP ._______________________________________________

2.3.4 Determination of the daily program ________________________________

2.3.5 Determination of the shift program for maintenance __________________________

2.4 Calculation of the number of production workers ____________________

2.4.1 Determination of the technological number of workers _____________________

Determination of the staffing number of workers _____________________________

2.4.3 Selection of technological equipment ___________________________

2.4.4 Calculation of production areas ______________________________
2.4.5 Technological map
__________________________________________

Organizational part __________________________________________

3.1 Process flow diagram ________________________________
3.2 Selection
and justification of the work and rest regime ______________________

3.3 Safety and fire safety ____________________

3.4 Occupational safety __________________________________________________

4. Design part __________________________________________

Purpose and device of the cardan shaft puller ________________

Device operation _________________________________________

4.3 Safety when working with the device _______________

5. Conclusion ___________________________________________________

6. List of used literature ________________________________

1. General part.

1.1 Introduction.

Transportation by car involve the use
rolling stock (cars and road trains), which is in good working order
technical condition.

Good technical condition means full compliance
rolling stock standards determined by the rules of technical
operation, and characterizes its performance.

Vehicle performance is assessed by the aggregate
operational and technical qualities - dynamism, stability,
efficiency, reliability, durability, controllability, etc. -
which for each car are expressed by specific indicators.
In order for the vehicle's operability during operation to be at
the required level, the value of these indicators for a long time should be small
change from their original values.

However, the technical condition of the car, like any other car,
in the course of long-term operation does not remain unchanged. It
worsens as a result of wear of parts and mechanisms, breakdowns and
other malfunctions, resulting in a deterioration
operational and technical qualities of the car.

The change in the specified qualities of the car as the mileage increases
can also occur as a result of non-compliance with the rules of technical
operation or maintenance of the vehicle.

The main means of reducing the intensity of wear of parts and
mechanisms and prevention of vehicle malfunctions, that is
maintaining it in proper technical condition is a timely
and high quality maintenance performance.

Maintenance is understood as a set of operations
(cleaning and washing, fastening, adjusting, lubricating, etc.), the purpose
which - to prevent the occurrence of malfunctions (increase
reliability) and reduce wear of parts (increase durability), and
consistently, for a long time to keep the car in a state
constant technical serviceability and readiness for work.

Even with observance of all measures, wear of car parts
can lead to malfunctions and the need to restore it
operability or repair. Therefore, repair is understood as
a set of technical interventions aimed at restoration
technical condition of the car (its units and mechanisms),
lost maintenance and repair of cars.

The main document according to which maintenance and repairs are carried out on
car enterprises regulations on maintenance and repair of substations of the automobile transport.
According to this document, maintenance is carried out on a planned and preventive basis,
through a certain mileage.

There are the following types of maintenance and repair: EO - daily
maintenance, aimed primarily at checking nodes
security before exiting and returning from the line.

TO-1 - the first maintenance, carried out after 3-5 thousand km.
TO-2 - the second TO, carried out after 10-15 thousand km. CO - seasonal
service, held in spring and autumn. TR - current repair, repair
aimed at restoring a technically faulty state,
excluding basic details.

One of the directions to improve the technical condition
fleet of vehicles with minimal construction costs
production base for maintenance and maintenance is the construction
and the organization of bases for centralized maintenance and repair of cars.
The centralized service base provides MOT and Tp several
fleets that do not have their own production base. This form
organization allows you to concentrate the means of mechanization
production processes, to increase labor productivity and qualities
works.

Technical diagnostics of machines and, in particular, cars -
a relatively young field of knowledge, which is in its stage of
formation and formation. Its objects can be nodes and mechanisms
car that meets at least two conditions: to be in two
mutually exclusive states - working and non-working; v
they can be distinguished elements (details), each of which is also
characterized by various conditions.

Diagnostics of the technical condition of cars is defined as an industry
knowledge that studies and identifies signs of a faulty state
vehicle, as well as the methods, principles and equipment by which
an opinion is given on the technical condition of the unit, unit, system without
disassembling the latter and predicting the resource of their serviceable work.

One of the basic concepts of diagnostics is the concept<<отказа>>,
which is understood as an event involving a violation
the health of the object.

1.2 Characteristics of the site.

Open from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm in one shift. From 12.00 to 13.00
lunch break. One person works on the site. Technological
the equipment corresponds to the performed diagnostic work.

The climate is very cold.

The number of cars is 110.

GAZ-53 - 50 pcs.

PAZ-672 - 40 pcs.

GAZ-52 - 20 pcs.

Average daily mileage of a car is 320 km.

2 Settlement - technological part.

2.1 Choice of standards and correction factors.

2.1.1 Determination of the labor intensity of TO.

2.2 for GAZ 53

5.5 for PAZ-672

2.1 for GAZ-52

2.1.2 Determination of the frequency.

2.1.3 Determination of the coefficient of reduction.

2.1.4 Determination of the number of brought machines.

list number of cars, pcs, page

coefficient of reduction.

2.1.5 Determination of the total number of machines.

Table 2.1

Distribution by mileage.

Make, model Mileage since the beginning of operation

50000 75000 125000 170000 250000

For GAZ-53

For GAZ-52

2.1.6 Selection and adjustment of standards.

2.1.7 Determination of the EO labor intensity.

2.1.8 Determination of the labor intensity of TO.

standard labor intensity of a given type of maintenance unit,

original correction factors

2.1.9 Determination of the labor intensity of the TR.

Correction factor depending on the category of conditions
operation (road conditions),;

Correction factor depending on the modification of the movable
composition (car, trailer, semitrailer),;

Correction factor depending on natural climatic
conditions and aggressiveness of the environment

Correction factor depending on the mileage from the beginning
exploitation in shares of Cr.,;

Correction factor depending on the number of serviced and
vehicles repaired at vehicle transport enterprises and the number of technologically compatible groups
PS,.

The K4 coefficient for PAZ is 672.

Mileage since the beginning of operation (in fractions from standard to Kr):

Mileage (in fractions from standard to Kr);

K4 = 0.5; K4 = 0.5; K4 = 0.8; K4 = 1; K4 = 1.3;

The value of the coefficient of technical

vehicle readiness,

List of cars.

2.1.10 Correction of the mileage taking into account the multiplicity.

Table 2.2

Mileage correction.

Mileage Type Designation

mileage Mileage, in km.

Regulatory Correct

tailored Taking into account

multiplicity Adopted

to the calculation

Average daily

standard frequency of this type of maintenance, km,

coefficient taking into account the influence of categories of operating conditions on
mileage between TO,

coefficient taking into account natural and climatic conditions

standard mileage of the base car model, km,

the values ​​of these coefficients are taken from


cars, km, page

the frequency of TO-1 accepted for calculation as a whole for the park or for a group
cars, km, page


cars, km, page

the resulting correction factor of the mileage to the first KR., km,

the frequency of TO-2 accepted for calculation as a whole for the park or for a group
cars, km, page

2.2 Calculation of the annual production program.

2.2.1 Determination of the technical availability factor.

It characterizes the number of technically sound vehicles at the ATP, tends to
unit.

days of downtime in MOT and maintenance, days

0.30 days

20 days

correction factor depending on mileage and start
operation (dimensionless value),

average - weighted mileage to cap. Repair, km, p.

average daily mileage of the car, km, page

2.2.2 Determination of the use of rolling stock.

It characterizes the number of vehicles used at the ATP, tends to one and
always less than the technical readiness factor, because it depends on the type
a / m, work performed and the number of drivers.

days of work per year (according to Sukhanov 357 days per year)

calendar days per year (365 in days),

coefficient taking into account the amount of underutilized mobile
composition for operational reasons according to Sukhanov (standard 0.97),

the calculated coefficient of technical readiness of the car. pp

2.2.3 Determination of the annual mileage of the fleet.

used machines ratio, pcs,

average daily mileage of the car, km, page

calendar days per year (365 in days)

2.2.4 Determination of the number of services per year.

the frequency of TO-2 accepted for calculation as a whole for the park or for a group
cars, km, page

annual mileage of the park, km, page

Determination of the amount of maintenance - 1 per year.

annual mileage of the park, km, page

the frequency of TO-1 accepted for calculation as a whole for the park or for a group
cars, km, page

Determination of the number of HU per year.

annual mileage of the park, km, page

average daily mileage of the car, km, page

the number of machines brought, pcs, page

Determination of the amount of D - 1 per year.

number of TO-1 per year. pp

number of TO-2 per year. pp

Determination of the amount of D - 2 per year.

2.2.5 Determination of the annual labor intensity of work.

Annual labor input for maintenance is 1.

number of TO-1 per year. pp

Annual labor input for maintenance - 2.

number of TO-2 per year, p.

coefficient of labor intensity of maintenance, p.

Annual labor input for D - 1.

number of D-1 per year

percentage falling out of the total amount of diagnostic work
works on this type of maintenance

Annual labor intensity D - 2.

coefficient of labor intensity of TO., p.

2.3 Calculation of the annual scope of work.

2.3.1 The annual volume of work for Tr.

annual mileage of the park, km, page

annual labor intensity for TO-1.2 page 21

2.4 Calculation of the number of production workers.

2.4.1 Determination of the technological number of workers (real or
safe).

Annual workplace fund, hour

Calendar days in a year (365),

weekend days of the year,

Holidays (9 days),

pre-holiday days (6 days),

2.4.2 Determination of the staffing number of workers.

production worker fund per year, hour,

vacation time, hour,

loss of time for good reasons, hour

vacation time in hours, hour

days of the main vacation,

duration of the shift, hour,

2.4.3 Selection of technological equipment.

Table 2.5

Equipment,

devices, accessories, special tools. Model

Power consumption, kW

Stand for testing the brakes of trucks. and buses. TsKB K-207 1
6000X3500 21

A device for checking the steering of a car. К-402 1 50X60 0.0030

Test stand for shock absorbers K-113 1 1000X3000 3

Gas analyzer NIIAT

К-456 1 30X40 0.0012

A device for checking the free and working stroke of the brake pedal and
clutch auto. NIIAT

К-446 1 60X20 0.0012

A device for installing and checking headlights. TsKTB

K-303 1 1500X600 0.9

A device for checking the correctness of the ignition setting. E-102 1
1000X600 0.6

Project workbench 1 2500X800 2

EMBED Equat ??????

Calculation of production areas

overall vehicle width, m,

the largest overall width of the equipment installed with one and
the other side of the line, m,

the distance from the side surfaces of the vehicle to the equipment and to
walls, m,

distance from equipment to wall, m

2.4.5 Technological map.

TR of the car GAZ-53

Labor intensity of work _________ 1.0 _______ people * min .___________

Performers 1 person

Specialty and category of working auto locksmith 4-category.

Table 2.5

p / p Name of operations, transitions and receptions Place of performance
operations Number of places or service points Equipment and tools
Tr, man * m. Specifications and instructions

1 Install the device on the steering wheel of the car. and hook the hook on the pedal
clutches

1 Instrument model

К-446 0.2 Install the device in accordance with its instructions for
exploitation

2 Set the zero pressure of the scale against the mark (arrow) on the body
device.

Continuation of table 2.5

p / p Name of operations, transitions and receptions Place of operations
Number of places or service points Equipment and tools Tr, people * m.
Specifications and instructions

3 Release the pedal until there is a noticeable increase in resistance
movement D

1 - 0.2 Pedal movement should be slow and steady.

4 Record the readings of the device.

5 Make an estimate of the pedal free travel.

1 - 0.2 Free travel of the clutch pedal should not be less than 10-15 mm

6 Remove the device from the vehicle

1 - 0.1 At a smaller free stroke, it is regulated. If the outer end
the thrust has become small and does not allow adjustment, then the car is directed to
zone TO and TR.

3. Organizational part.

3.1 Process flow diagram

Admission to

Troubleshooting

Intermediate warehouse

The part enters the site, it is disassembled, washed if necessary, then
sent for troubleshooting. After that, the parts are sorted, unusable
sent for scrap, parts requiring repair are repaired, suitable
parts repaired as well as new or manufactured
independently, go to assembly and testing.

3.2. Selection and justification of the regime of work and rest.

Labor productivity at ATP is in direct proportion to
technical condition of cars. The condition of the cars in turn
depends on the organization, technology and quality of work.

However, at a number of enterprises, it is planned warning system TO and TR,
fixed by the position, is replaced by the system as required.
Maintenance work is replaced (TR), for the performance of which
up to 90% of all repair workers and material resources are distracted.

The main reason for the increase in the volume of TR work, total costs and downtime
automobiles is an underestimation of the role of the organization of production. The most
progressive technique cannot be used progressively at low
the level of organization of production and labor of repair workers. To
get good results you need to rebuild the work in relation to
new system of labor organization.

The work of production units employed in ATP, TO, TR should
be coordinated with the mode of operation of vehicles on the line.

Cars entering the line: from 7.00 to 9.00 in the morning.

Return of cars from the line: from 17.00 to 21.00 in the evening.

Lunch break: from 12.00 to 13.00

Section work: from 8.00 to 17.00

Schedule between shift hours of cars on the line combined

with the schedule of the diagnostic service section.

Tms Trl Trl Tms

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Hours of the day

Work shifts III shift I shift II
change

Line work

Site work

Tms - inter-shift time

Trl - the time of the car on the line

3.3 Safety and fire safety.

Premises of the station of technical diagnostics for sanitary
parameters must match industrial premises for
maintenance of cars.

The placement of equipment and instruments should not interfere with the operator's view
for cars at checkpoints.

Painting walls, ceilings, control panel panels should
meet the requirements of СН 181-70.

In addition to general ventilation, at engine check stations
there must be local (hose or remote) suction of spent
gases.

The movement of rolling stock from one station to another is allowed only
after turning on the signal (sound, light).

Posts must have emergency stop signals.

The vehicle must be securely secured before checking the brakes.
fixing device.

At the workplace of the operator of the console, there must be a rotating,
height-adjustable chair.

Control devices must have local, non-dazzling operator
lighting.

Fire is uncontrolled combustion outside a special hearth, causing
material damage. Large fires often take on the character of spontaneous
disasters and accompanied by accidents with people. Especially dangerous
fires in places where flammable and combustible liquids are stored and
gases.

Elimination of the causes of fires is one of the most important conditions
ensuring fire safety at the vehicle transport station. The enterprise should
timely organize fire-fighting instructions and classes on
fire-technical minimum. On the territory, in production,
administrative, warehouse and auxiliary premises are necessary
establish a strict fire safety regime. Should be diverted and
special smoking areas are equipped. For used
wiping material provide metal boxes with lids.
storage of flammable and combustible substances determine the places and
establish the permissible quantities of their one-time storage.

The territory of the ATP must be systematically cleaned of production
waste, the territory of the projected site must be equipped with
primary means of protection for fire extinguishing.

Fire safety must comply with: the requirements of GOST
12.1.004-85, building codes and regulations.

3.4 Labor protection

In our country, labor protection is a system of legislative
acts and their corresponding socio-economic, technical,
hygienic and organizational measures to ensure
safety, preservation of health and performance of a person in
the labor process.

In an enterprise where labor protection must be given constant
attention, the attitude of engineering and technical and managerial workers to
implementation of measures to improve working conditions in production
conditions should serve as a criterion for their civic maturity and
professional preparedness.

Labor protection is also an important economic factor,
improvement of conditions affects labor productivity and the quality of the produced
products, reducing the number of accidents, reducing staff turnover,
injury and occupational diseases, as well as related economic
losses.

An important factor in improving labor protection at the enterprise
is to provide the employees of the enterprise with the necessary
normative reference literature.

4. Design part.

4.1. Appointment and device of the device.

Stripper I-801.33.000. serves to remove the driveshaft bearings.

It consists of:

Bolts 1, washer 2, screw 3, crosshead 4.

4.2. The work of the device.

Pre-remove the support plates of the yoke flange by bending the plate
and removing the bolts. Screw the bolts 1 (Fig. 2) of the puller into the bolt holes
forks; resting the washer 2 on the bearing, screw the screw 3 into the traverse 4 until
extrusion of the opposite bearing by 15-20 mm. Wrap with strip
emery cloth the protruding part of the bearing and remove it. Same way
remove the second fork bearing.

4.3 Safety precautions when working with the device.

Cranes and their movements before commissioning must be
certified and tested by persons of the technical personnel of the enterprise,
responsible for the operation of these machines with the preparation of an act in accordance with
the rules of Gosgortekhnadzor.

Electric cranes must have automatic devices (end
switches, load limiters, etc.), providing
work safety.

The weight of the cargo, taking into account the rigging devices and containers, should not exceed
maximum lifting capacity at a given boom radius. Use
cranes for moving people are prohibited.

Ropes and other rigging devices must comply with
valid GOSTs and have a certificate (certificate) of the plant
manufacturer. If received without a specified certificate, they
must be tested with appropriate design.

Equipment used to move units and heavy parts,
must comply with the requirements of the Gosgortekhnadzor rules and have a bright
coloring (black stripes on a yellow background). It must have automatic
limit switches and limiters for maximum carrying capacity,
ensuring the safety of work.

5 Conclusion.

5 Conclusion.

In the process of designing the site, diagnostics were given three marks
vehicles (PAZ-672, GAZ-52, GAZ-53) operating in moderately cold
climate, with an average daily mileage of 320 km., with IV category of conditions
exploitation.

When calculating the labor intensity of the ATP, it turned out that the car of the PAZ-672
have a greater labor intensity than the GAZ-52 and GAZ-53 vehicles. In connection with
this PAZ-672 was taken as the main model. Annual car mileage
amounted to 67511040 km.

The utilization rate of rolling stock is almost equal
the coefficient of technical readiness of the substation, which indicates a good
labor organization at this ATP.

The projected diagnostic site, at the ATP was located in
in accordance with various requirements of GOST, as well as from specialization
plot and its size.

6 List of used literature.

Literature.

1. Vereshchak V.P., Abelevich L.A. Design of motor transport

enterprises: Handbook of an engineer.-M .: Transport, 1973.-328 p.

Unified tariff and qualification reference book of jobs and professions
workers / State Committee of the USSR. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1986. Issue. 2.-606 p.

Kleiner B.S., Tarasov V.V. Maintenance and repair
cars: Organization and management. - M .: Transport, 1986.-236 p.

B. V. Klebanov Design of production areas for auto repair
enterprises. - M .: Transport, 1975.-178 p.

G.V. Kramarenko, N.V. Barashakov Car maintenance -
M .: Transport, 1982.-368 p.

Matveev V.A., Pustovalov P.L. Technical regulation of repair work in
agriculture. - M .: Kolos, 1979.-227 p.

Napolsky G.M. Technological design of motor vehicles
enterprises and service stations. -M .: Transport,
1985.-230.

General machine building standards for cutting data and time for
technical regulation / State Committee of the USSR.-M .: Mashinostroenie, 1974.-198
with.

All-Union norms of technological design of enterprises
road transport: ONTP-01-86 / Minavtotrans RSFSR.-M .: TsBNTI
Minavtotransa RSFSR, 1986.-128 p.

All-Union norms of technological design of auto repair
enterprises: ONTP-02-86 / Minavtotrans RSFSR.-M .: TsBNTI Minavtotransa
RSFSR, 1986.-132 p.

Regulations on maintenance and repair of rolling stock
automobile transport / Minavtotrans RSFSR.-M .: Transport, 1988.-74 p.

Guidelines for diagnostics of the technical condition of rolling stock
road transport / NIIAT, GosavtotransNIIpro-ect.-M .: Transport,
1976.-98 p.

Maintenance organization and technology manual
trucks with the use of diagnostics for vehicles
enterprises of various capacities: MU-200-RSFSR-12-0139-81. For example
cars ZIL-130 / Minavtotrans RSFSR.-M .: TsBNTI Minavtotrans RSFSR,
1981.-88s.

Routine repair manual (post work) of cars
KamAZ-5320, -5511, -5410, GKB-8350 trailers, OdAZ-9370 semi-trailers;
RT-200-RSFSR-15-0061-81. Part 1 / Technical Department of the Ministry of Transport and Transport
RSFSR.-M .: TSNIITEIpischeprom, 1984.-321 p.

Specialized technological equipment: Nomenclature
catalog / Minavtotrans RSFSR.-M .: TsBNTI Minavtotrans RSFSR.-1986.-185 p.

Specialized technological equipment: Changes and additions
to the nomenclature catalog ed. 1986 / Minavtotrans RSFSR.-M .: TsBNTI
Minantotransa RSFSR, 1987.-18 p.

Spichkin G.V., Tretyakov A.M. Diagnostic Workshop
cars / Study. A manual for SPTU.-2nd ed., Revised. And add-M .: Higher
school, 1986.-439 p.

Sukhanov B.N., Borzykh I.O., Bedarev Yu.F. Maintenance and
car repair: A guide to coursework and diploma
projection.-M .: Transport. 1991.-158 p.

Typical projects of jobs at a motor transport enterprise / NIIAT
(Leningrad branch). KazNIIPIAT, GosavtotransNII-project.-M .:
Transport, 1977.-197 p.

Shadrichev V.A. .Basic Technology of Automotive and Repair
automobiles.-Leningrad: Mashinostroenie, 1976.-560 p.

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09 Aug 2011