UAZ Bukhanka is a vehicle with maximum cross-country ability. Some motorists affectionately refer to transport as "Tablet". The car also bears the official name - UAZ 452. The vehicle has a 4x4 wheel arrangement, two axles, four-wheel drive, is intended for both cargo and passenger trains. The UAZ model was first produced in Ulyanovsk at a machine-building plant in 1957. The vehicle has two types:
- Body UAZ. It is also called "wagon".
- UAZ 452 onboard. It is also called "tadpole".
The body of the car has single-leaf doors. Backdoor car UAZ 452 consists of two doors. Naturally, the location of the doors may differ depending on the UAZ model (for example, the UAZ 452a is a horizontal version).
- The car is versatile.
- UAZ Loaf has good cross-country ability.
- A driver, 10 passengers, a ton of cargo can be accommodated in the vehicle at one time. This speaks of the extremely advantageous spaciousness of the car's interior.
- The driver's compartment is separated from the passenger compartment by glass. But the carriage version of the UAZ is not excluded if the transport model is more modern and new.
- A table with a heating element can be installed in the salon.
- The salon can be transformed. For example, cut through a hatch (an example is Loaf 3962).
- It is an ideal vehicle for fishing, hunting, outdoor recreation.
The history of "Loaf": description of important stages
In 1955, only the projection of the UAZ began at the Ulyanovsk Machine-Building Plant. It was calculated to create a vehicle with a carrying capacity of 800 kg. The GAZ-69 was used as a chassis. Problems arose in the design. The GAZA-69 chassis turned out to be short, it was simply unfeasible to place almost a ton of cargo on it. A car body layout was required. The developers have designed two types of UAZA:
- a truck with a body made of wood;
- a van made entirely of metal.
On top vehicle UAZ 452 Loaf made several transverse stiffeners. The car was associated with a loaf of bread. The vehicle immediately found a simple name for itself - "Loaf". In 1958 the vehicle was approved and serial production began.
The first cars of this configuration had a different number - 450. They were equipped with an engine from GAZ-69, had a gearbox consisting of three stages. There was also a transfer case. It consisted of 2 stages. This is how the first graduated new transport in the Soviet Union, in which the driver's cab was located directly above the engine. The first "Loaf" had a four-wheel drive.
In 1961, the new UAZ model began to improve. Its next modification appeared - UAZ-451. The car had rear drive... Another difference was the presence of a side door on the van. 1965 saw a major change in the design of this vehicle. First, the UAZ engine changed. It was replaced by a GAZ-21. The gearbox has been improved and acquired 4 gears. The front of the vehicle has also been upgraded. The vehicle has acquired a new name - UAZ-452D. It was considered a flatbed truck.
An ambulance van appeared. Its name sounded like UAZ-452 A. It should be noted that an ordinary van "Loafs" quickly got the number UAZ-452. By that time, the developers had designed a new vehicle. Today the information is officially confirmed and indicates that it was a minibus with the UAZ-452V index.
The rear-wheel drive version of the UAZ has also been improved. Its index has not undergone any changes, only the letter "M" has been added to it. The developers have increased the carrying capacity of UAZs to a ton (for example, UAZ 452v). 1966 was marked by the awarding of the vehicle with the UAZ-452D index. The "loaf" was taken to an exhibition in Moscow, where it received a gold medal. In the same year, the machine-building plant in Ulyanovsk was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
The development of the plant progressed very actively, and in 1974 the plant produced the millionth UAZ. In 1976, the machine-building plant again received the Order of the Red Banner (in particular, the UAZ 452v model was noted). Innovations in the structure of the car were not noticed until 1985. Only then did the vehicle indices of the machine-building plant begin to change.
Characteristics of UAZ: technical properties, diagram and parameters
Technical characteristics of the vehicle UAZ-452:
- The weight of the transported cargo is 700 kg.
- The weight of the transported cargo in the cargo compartment ranges from 400 kg to 1 ton.
- The car has seats for passengers. Their number ranges from 2 to 10.
- The mass of the trailer can be 1500 kg (with brakes) and 750 kg (without brakes).
- The car can pick up speed up to 130 km per hour, which is confirmed by the UAZ test drive.
- The car can overcome a ford with a depth of 0.5 m.
- Engine - UMZ-4213.
- The car can climb up to 30 °.
- Gasoline consumption is 13-18 liters per 100 km.
- The machine has 4 cylinders.
- The volume of the working UAZ 452 is 2.89 liters.
Modifications of the "Tablet" and their distinctive features
Vehicle modifications are distinguished by letter symbols. UAZ-452 is the main vehicle type assigned to the van. At that time, she received immense popularity and demand among the population of the Russian Federation.
UAZ-452A is a medical vehicle. Among the people, it is called "Tablet". Otherwise, the car is called "UAZ - nurse". The vehicle has 4 stretchers and can accommodate 6 casualties and one accompanying medical worker.
UAZ-452A does not provide for comfortable conditions. But this is only the only UAZ model that could get to distant villages and provide medical assistance... UAZ-452A has a classic old version of the suspension. In the old days, a car of such a modification as the beloved and revered UAZ-452A could be found quite often on Soviet roads. This is the option that could be purchased at an affordable price.
UAZ-452AS refers to ambulance vehicles. The considered vehicle model is made in the direction of the northern version. UAZ-452AE is a chassis. It is designed to be installed different kind equipment. UAZ-452V - minibus. The bus has 10 seats for passengers. Wagon layout is present in the UAZ-452 V. 
UAZ-452D - freight transport... The UAZ cab has 2 seats. The body is made of wood. UAZ-452G is a vehicle designed for sanitary purposes. Has a large capacity.
UAZ-452K is a bus-type vehicle. It included three axles with dimensions of 6x4. It should be emphasized that the UAZ-452K vehicle is designed for 16 seats. It is made according to experimental technologies. The year of production of the UAZ-452K model in question is 1973. But the design of the vehicle turned out to be complicated, gasoline consumption increased, the weight of the car increased. UAZ-452K did not go into mass production. UAZ-452P is a truck tractor.
UAZ-452 - four-wheel drive utility vehicle off-road, which was mass-produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant from 1965 to 1985. In popular use, this car was nicknamed "tadpole" (flatbed truck); "Loaf" (van and minibus), "tablet" (minibus - "nurse"). The history of the car did not end either in the 80s, or in the 90s, or even in the 2000s. Having received several upgrades and new factory indexes: "2206, 3741, 3909, 3962", "Loaf" continues to be produced now.
Over the past couple of decades, "Loaf" has already been "retired" many times. However, the demand for an unpretentious, cheap, universal and, most importantly, an all-passable car in the vastness of our Motherland, especially in the outback, is so great that the decision to continue the production of cars of the UAZ passenger-and-freight family was made again and again. As a result, the UAZ-452, together with its subsequent modifications, became the record holder - the oldest Soviet / Russian car in terms of the number of years of serial production.
UAZ-452: features and history of the model
The predecessor of the UAZ-452, on the design of which the specialists of the Ulyanovsk plant relied on when developing a new model, was the classic Soviet SUV GAZ-69. The universal version of this car was equipped with an eight-seat body with two side doors and a tailgate. Three-seater lifting benches were installed along the side boards. It was envisaged to mount a stretcher for transporting the wounded, the car was equipped with a towing device.
At the end of the 50s of the twentieth century, the designers were given the task: on the basis of the GAZ-69 to create a larger and load-lifting universal cargo-and-passenger chassis for the serial production of both flatbed trucks and all-metal vans of the "carriage" layout. Both the one and the other version had to have good maneuverability.
There was already a successful experience in Ulyanovsk: by this time new UAZ-300 and UAZ-302 vehicles had passed road tests. These petrol trucks, equipped with a 50-horsepower engine from "Victory" and a four-speed gearbox were the original development of the famous "lorry".
By 1958, on the extended base and chassis of the GAZ-69, using the main components of this SUV, all-wheel drive vehicles of the UAZ-450 series were built, tested and put into production. They appeared in three versions: van, ambulance and a flatbed truck. The UAZ-450 was equipped with a lower-valve GAZ engine with a volume of 2,432 cm 3 and a power of 62 hp. (45 kW). The length of the vehicle was 4.3 m. The curb weight was 1.65 tons. The carrying capacity was 0.8 tons. The road speed was 90 km / h.
The new series was further developed in UAZ-451 cars, which had only one drive axle (rear-wheel drive). Their carrying capacity was increased to 1.0 tons. These machines were equipped with a more powerful overhead valve engine of its own design from the Ulyanovsk plant, an improved four-speed gearbox.
The exterior design of the cabin was changed: it acquired features that are familiar to everyone in the CIS and beyond. "Nostrils" were replaced by the radiator grill that has survived to this day. The rear-wheel drive UAZ-451, which was subsequently produced in parallel with the UAZ-452 for several years, was also produced in three modifications: a van; an ambulance and a truck with a double cab and a wooden body.
In 1965, the UAZ-450 was significantly modernized. The body received a side door that turned the cargo van into a cargo van, with a double door in the back. Depending on the modification and purpose (ambulance, postal van, etc.), the door configuration also slightly changed. The engine and transmission of the car were also improved. This is how the legendary UAZ-452 appeared.
In 1966, the UAZ-452D vehicle (flatbed “tadpole” truck) was awarded a gold medal at the Moscow International Exhibition of Agricultural Machinery. And on August 20, 1966, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant received the Order of the Red Banner of Labor from the party and the government - for the successful development of mass production of an auto-family so necessary in the national economy.
In 1974, on February 18, the millionth UAZ car rolled off the assembly line of the enterprise. It was a "loaf" - a cargo van UAZ-452. A couple of years later, on February 16, 1976, the plant was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner, in particular, for a new successful model - UAZ 452V - a universal 10-seater minibus. In November 1977, the UAZ-452 family was awarded the All-Union Quality Mark.
In the 1970s, the chassis, engine and transmission of UAZ-452 vehicles were unified in design with the units of another "bestseller" Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant- UAZ-469 family. In the early 1980s, lever-type shock absorbers were replaced with telescopic ones; equipped the machines with a 90-horsepower engine of the UMZ-414 model (torque 172 N * m at 2200 rpm); closed cooling system with expansion tank.
The "loaves", "pills" and "tadpoles" produced nowadays, while maintaining their external patriarchal appearance, are already equipped with a modern injection engine that meets Euro-4 standards, ABS, power steering. But the latter, namely the UAZ-452, rolled off the assembly line in 1985, and all its subsequent descendants were called other indices.
UAZ-452 modifications
- UAZ-452- all-metal cargo van, basic modification.
- UAZ-452A- an ambulance. Accommodates up to 4 stretchers, or eight sick or wounded on folding benches, plus one accompanying person (in both cases). In total, the van provides up to 11 seating... The ambulance van does not provide for comfort when moving the sick and wounded, the suspension remains the same from the standard model. But this is the only truly off-road " Ambulance"And an ambulance. The car body is divided by a partition into a driver's cabin and a sanitary room. The partition has a sliding glass window. In the sanitary compartment - in addition to folding seats and mounts for installing 4 stretchers, it is possible to place medical equipment. A swivel headlight is installed in the front part of the roof.
- UAZ-452AS- a special ambulance vehicle "for special regions", in the northern version.
- UAZ-452AE- a universal chassis for the installation of additional superstructures and various equipment
- UAZ-452V- ten-seater minibus of wagon layout.
- UAZ-452D- a truck with a two-seater cab and a wooden body ("tadpole").
- UAZ-452G- a variant of an ambulance with extended capacity.
- UAZ-452K- an experimental 16-seater three-axle bus with 16 seats (6 × 4) Made in 1973, it did not make it to serial production.
- UAZ-452P- another rare "exotic" specimen of the family - a truck tractor based on the UAZ.
Technical characteristics of UAZ-452
UAZ-452 vehicles have frame structure, equipped with two driving axles and mechanical box gears with a demultiplier (with the ability to switch all "speeds" to the mode of lowering gear ratios). The design of the car for those distant years became innovative in the domestic auto industry - the layout of the "curbover" van, that is, the "engine under the cockpit", was first used on a Soviet production car in the UAZ-450-UAZ-452 family.
Mass-dimensional parameters of a serial car
- Length: 4.440-4.474 m (depending on modification); Width: 2,100 m; Height: 2.355 m.
- Wheelbase: 2,550 m.
- Ground clearance: 220 mm.
- Front and rear track: 1.442 m.
- Weight: from 1.845 tons to 1.909 tons (depending on modification)
- Gross weight: from 2,730 to 3,070 tons (depending on modification).
Engines UAZ-452 and modifications
UMP-451 working volume of 2.5 liters. It produces 72 horsepower at 4000 rpm and 156 Nm of maximum torque at 2500 rpm.
Four-cylinder carburetor Gas engine UMP-4213 working volume 2.89 liters, power 72 horsepower. Maximum torque: 201.0 Nm in the frequency range from 3000-3500 min. Engine displacement: 2445 cc Bore: 92 mm: Stroke: 92 mm. Compression ratio: 6.7.
Four-cylinder carbureted gasoline engine UMP-414 working volume 2,445 liters, capacity 90 Horse power... Maximum torque: 181.4 Nm in the frequency range from 2200-2500 min. Bore: 92mm: Stroke: 92mm Compression: 6.7
In subsequent, after 1985, modifications:
Four-cylinder carbureted gasoline engine ZMZ-402 a working volume of 2,445 liters, a capacity of 98 horsepower, at 4000 rpm. Maximum torque: 156 Nm @ 2500 rpm. Bore: 92mm: Stroke: 92mm. Compression ratio: 8.2.
Four-cylinder carbureted gasoline engine ZMZ-4091 working volume of 2,700 liters, capacity of 112 horsepower, at 4000 rpm. Maximum torque: 208 Nm @ 3000 rpm. Bore: 95.5mm: Stroke: 94mm. Compression ratio: 9.
Now the descendants of the UAZ-452 are installing a modern injection engine ZMZ-409.
On the Internet, you can often find discussions on the topic: What is the best engine for a UAZ? Experienced drivers and owners of UAZ vehicles agree that the former UMZ carburetor engines, for all their inefficiency and non-environmental friendliness, were still better suited for this harsh off-road: “What is there to argue about? what engine can i bring in after the car is flooded? Which engine is easier to repair on the knee in the woods? Which engine has the best low rpm thrust? Which engine is less whimsical in terms of fuel quality? UMP! "
Many people also call an independent installation on UMP engine clutch from: “The grip becomes almost indestructible. Greater clutch mass increases engine torque. "
Suspension, transmission and brakes UAZ-452
The general design of the transmission and suspension of the car has remained practically unchanged over all these years of production. And this is not due to the reluctance of the plant to change something in old model, improve it, and all the same notorious ideal geometric cross-country ability of the UAZ.
Both in front and behind the car, a dependent suspension based on continuous axles is used, which ensures maximum clearance during any strong rolls and obstacles (for example, large stones).
Rear suspension - dependent, leaf spring (on longitudinal semi-elliptical leaf springs). The ends of the springs are mounted in rubber cushions. Shock absorbers - hydraulic, lever, double-acting. Installed on the front and rear axles.
Frame UAZ-452 - stamped from sheet steel, longitudinal beams of channel section, connected by six crossbars. Front and rear brakes- drum design. The brake drive is hydraulic - from a suspended pedal, shoe with a drum, mechanical drive - by a cable from the lever.
UAZ-452 is really well suited for off-road driving. His arsenal includes a 2-speed transfer case, front-wheel drive, solid ground clearance and excellent geometric flotation. In terms of its cross-country ability, it is still many times superior to modern SUVs.
The gearbox on the UAZ is mechanical, three-way, with four forward and one reverse gears. Transfer case- gear, with two gears. Cardan transmission consists of two tubular open cardan shaft- back and front.
The front axle is stamped, I-section. The main gear is single, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth; gear ratio 5.12. The differential is conical, with four satellites.
UAZ-452 cab
Cab - all-metal, double, with two side single-leaf doors and a removable engine hood cover. The salon is designed for the driver and one passenger, the seats of which are located on the sides of the engine. The motor, covered by a cover and shroud, is located directly in the middle of the passenger compartment.
The UAZ-452 salon looks in our "plastic" age already as a museum exhibit, as a small "trip into the past". And people find in him a kind of aesthetics, as in many vintage cars... Even more, this effect of "excursion into last century"Is felt in the UAZ-452 cabin of the 60s / 70s (which still had a" line "of instruments from" Pobeda ").
The spartan interior of the UAZ is also very practical, it is convenient just for heavy road conditions, countryside, army. Metal panels can be quickly cleaned of anything. And the floor can be easily cleaned with a stream of a hose, or by splashing a couple of buckets of water on it.
Reviews of drivers and owners about UAZ-452 cars
Let's start with the flaws of the machine, which are often noted by both experienced people and simply bystanders. The first disadvantage that immediately catches the eye is the lack of comfort in the cabin. In this regard, the leitmotif of most reviews of all drivers and owners about the car is as follows. In general, you need to understand that UAZ-452 is a product domestic auto industry, and far from a novelty, but rather antiques. You just need to accept this fact and not try to treat the 452nd UAZ as a foreign car, and it is useless to compare it with foreign cars.
The UAZ-452 is a fairly simple, utilitarian car, in which there is not even a hint of comfort, but which will pass where even the coolest and most modern SUVs are powerless. The following significant disadvantages this car- this is high consumption fuel and danger to the legs, and the very life of the driver in the event of a head-on collision.
In the Soviet Union, however, these problems did not matter much: there were no problems with cheap gasoline, and accidents were rare, due to the small number of cars on the roads and the lack of such high speeds that we have now.
Yes, many note that the UAZ-452 is reliable and trouble-free only in the first years of its operation, then it will no longer be possible to be just a driver, and willy-nilly, you will have to familiarize yourself with all technical features machine designs in practice. However, serious breakdowns are still rare, even on older UAZs. Problems arise mainly over little things.
The advantages of the UAZ-452 are also quite obvious. This is an excellent cross-country ability, extreme simplicity in operation and maintenance, unpretentiousness and maintainability. Most of the repair operations can be done fairly easily in any garage with the tools available. Or it’s simple - in a field or forest.
UAZ-452 is praised not only for its cross-country ability. Compact driver, no more than passenger car, UAZ clearly feels its dimensions. Thanks to the short wheelbase, the turning radius is very small.
Another significant advantage of the car is its versatility. The interior of a passenger or cargo "loaf" provides truly colossal opportunities for transformation, alteration and tuning. Some owners are not limited to standard folding table, quick-detachable (using a screwdriver) stools and rear sofa. And they turn their UAZ into a real "home on wheels", in which it is very pleasant to travel, go on picnics, hunting or fishing.
There are also a lot of options to insulate the UAZ and make excellent sound insulation. You can use any material you like. The secret of the long-term popularity of the "loaf" is also in the cheapness of this car, which is successfully combined with simplicity.
UAZ "Bukhanka" is often subjected to tuning due to the cheapness of the base - the car itself. As a result of the inspiring creativity of the owners, new versions of the old nicknames such as "BuHammer" or "BuHunter" appear.
UAZ - "loaf" abroad
It's hard to believe, but in the 21st century, UAZ “loaves” continue to be exported, and not only to the former Soviet republics and socialist countries. For example, right-hand drive UAZs continue to be supplied to Japan today, as in Soviet times. There a loaf costs 20 thousand dollars. It seems that in the Land of the Rising Sun there are no other chances to buy new car, which will be so simple and not "stuffed with electronics."
Of the Western European countries, the loaf has won the greatest popularity in Italy. In this country, there are several clubs of fans of this car, which have united into an association. On account of this association - a raid on "loaves" across the Sahara Desert with a length of 11 thousand kilometers; motor rallies "Rome - Moscow" and "Rome - Ulyanovsk", rally in Iceland - a distant and wild land of geysers of volcanoes.
In 2001, the popular feature film "The Last Kiss" was released in Italy. According to the plot of the picture, three friends dream of making a house on wheels out of an UAZ and traveling in it around the world, realizing their ideas of freedom. At the end of the film, however, they sell it.
Price for UAZ-452
The price of the new UAZ "tadpole" (flatbed truck) starts at the present time, according to the official website of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, from 399,000 rubles. Direct from the factory, the cargo version can be purchased equipped with arches and an awning; either a food or manufactured goods van; a special van for the transportation of bakery products, the price is negotiable.
A new UAZ “loaf” starts at 437,000 rubles. Modification (with an extended cab, two rows of seats, and a curtain sided body) - from 480,000 rubles.
On the Internet you can find a great variety of ads for the sale of used UAZ-452 of all kinds of modifications. Such proposals are found in almost every region of our country, due to the huge prevalence of cars of this brand. Prices for used UAZ-452 are very different, depending on the year of manufacture, technical condition, sophistication of tuning - from 25,000 to 200,000 rubles.
Of course, a model that has been produced in an almost unchanged form for more than 50 years can be in demand on the market only due to some really outstanding qualities that make it irreplaceable. These qualities of UAZ vehicles are all-pervasiveness (first of all!), Versatility, low cost of the car itself and the cost of owning it; ease of operation, maintenance and repair.
Indeed, there are many more modern minibuses capable of providing the driver and passengers with comfort that differs from the UAZ one by several orders of magnitude. However, in the ratio of cross-country ability / price / capacity, the “loaves” still have no competitors. By the way, for the same reason, for example, the company "Land Rover" continues to produce the same "antediluvian" "Defender".
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26.11.2017, 15:52 33110 0 Denis Orlov
Gorazd our people to give nicknames. Especially the chauffeurs. One gets the feeling that those of us who opened the category "C" in rights, in addition to everything else, passed a special exam in wit. "Kozel", "Loaf", "Tablet", "Tadpole" - all these are unofficial names of models of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant. And it is unlikely that a citizen of the former USSR will have to explain which ones. After all, nicknames, as they say, hit not in the eyebrow, but in the eye.
The history of "Loaf"
And it all started with "Magpie". Imagine the city of Ulyanovsk in 1956. The homeland of Ilyich today is a rather dull spectacle, and even then even more so. Barracks, legless invalids, dirt and yesterday's ZK, gloomily following any stranger with a glance. And here is a car of an outlandish shape, without a hood, fenders, but with a smoothly falling roof and raised "eyebrows" above the headlights. And the color is black and white. Neither give nor take forty.
At that time, the department of the chief designer of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant mainly consisted of people from GAZ. The people were experienced, therefore, when the order came from the Ministry to carry out the scope of development work on the creation of several types of cars with a wagon layout, no one was surprised.
And it was necessary to make a van, an ambulance, a minibus and a flatbed truck. Moreover, as usual with us, everything had to be done in a short time. It is quite logical that they decided to link the new family as much as possible with the produced GAZ 69. Such a task has not yet been solved in our country. So, unexpectedly for themselves, the designers discovered that the truck driver, when backing up, usually looks not in the mirror, but through the slightly open door. And in the prototypes, it was fun on the rear hinges. Redesigned. I also had to change the shoes of the novelty into tires of an increased cross-section, since with the carriage layout front axle found himself overwhelmed.
In the all-wheel drive version, they somehow put up with this. But when the rear-wheel drive UAZ 451 family was launched in 1961, drastic measures were required. As a result, the engine was displaced deep into the base, sacrificing the size of the cargo compartment. But the goal was achieved.
With the UAZ 450 style, and the word design in those years was almost abusive, everything did not go smoothly either. The earliest examples of vans were born in Moscow. The factory did not have its own designers. Contact us. In the winter of 1956-57, a whole group of specialists arrived from Moscow to Ulyanovsk: Aryamov, Dolmatovsky, Kobylinsky, Molchanov. But they designed such that the phrase "artist-designer" in Ulyanovsk became offensive. Why did the factory workers not like Moscow creativity so much? Since the car was created by order of the Ministry of Defense, the requirements for it were very specific. The military also agreed that the driver who drove the car into the helicopter could not leave his workplace. Worse was something else. According to the terms of reference, the body of the all-terrain vehicle was supposed to accommodate four wounded on a stretcher. But the author of "Magpie" Vladimir Ivanovich Aryamov, proceeding from aesthetic considerations, made the roof sloping. It looked beautiful, but the rear doorway was so low that the stretcher of the upper tier could not be brought in if the lower one was busy.
Five of the first samples were built. And they had to be redone several more times. But in 1958, the production of the UAZ 450A ambulance began. After that, a cargo van UAZ 450 was launched.And in 1959, the turn came onboard UAZ 450D.
Throughout the entire production time, that is, to the present day, the car was slowly modernized, experimented with modifications, from truck tractors to tracked snowmobiles.
In 1985, the three-digit indexing was changed to a four-digit one. It's no secret that over the long years of release, the Ulyanovsk "Loaf" has repeatedly wanted to be replaced with something fresh, but nothing sensible came out. Apparently, this car is one of those rare one-piece designs that are created once and for all.
There have been attempts to make a novelty. So in 1989, within the framework of development work on the "GAK" theme, the UAZ 3972 family was created.
We built four cars. Their appearance was controversial. The factory workers immediately called them King Kongs. But this topic did not go further.
At the beginning of the 21st century, UAZ tried again to replace the "Loaf" new model... This is how the Simba or UAZ 3165 was born - a semi-hood all-wheel drive minivan. We made four prototypes: two minibuses, an ambulance and a flatbed truck. But at that time the plant had no time for new products, it would have survived. And the "Loaf" is a time-tested model that you can bet on. If anything - take it out.
Photo from the archive
In the early 50s of the last century, it seemed that a nuclear war between the USSR and the United States was inevitable. The post-apocalyptic future was perceived as almost inevitable, and the whole question was only who would be better prepared for it. The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, which since the Second World War has been a "branch" for the production of GAZ-69, on the eve of the almost beginning of the Third, receives a secret order from the Ministry of Defense: to develop a car for ... transporting the wounded and dead from the foci of radioactive destruction.
Almost no one knows about this now, except for a few surviving developers of this car, but in the usual "loaf" with a van body, which you can often see on the streets, the possibility of transporting, in addition to the driver and passenger, five stretchers with the wounded was realized: four of them are fastened along the sides in two tiers, and the fifth slide between the side ones ... Surprising? Doesn't sound like the truth? Of course, these facts have been strictly classified for many years!
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MADE IN USSR
In the second half of the 50s, it began to come to the understanding that if there was an apocalypse, it would not necessarily be right now. Maybe it will happen tomorrow, but today it would be very useful in everyday life. four-wheel drive vehicle wagon layout, which is almost ready for production. The car, which by this time had acquired the name UAZ-450, basically had a GAZ-69 chassis with an original body placed on top, drawn by the designer V. I. Aryamov ... They say that the factory testers began to call this car a "loaf".
The car could take on board 800 kg of cargo and reach a speed of 90 km / h. In 1957, preparation for the production of this car was completed, and in 1958 its mass production began. Interestingly, two years earlier, a very similar car, the Ford FC, began to be produced in the United States. That car had two main variants, a truck with a short and a long cab, the van appeared later and was produced in small quantities (like the model itself, which survived only until 1965), but the controversy over the Soviet and American "loaves" does not subside to this day .. Did Aryamov steal the design from the Americans? Hardly - the machines were drawn and developed at the same time (in full accordance with the canons of the "arms race"), just the Soviet one, as usual, was delayed with the release of the series. It's not about plagiarism, but about the general direction of the design of those years - take a look, for example, at the first Volkswagen Transporter.
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Second "loaf"
From 1958 to 1965, the "loaf" under the name UAZ-450 (the letter A was added to the index for an ambulance, B - for a van and D - for a truck with a wooden body) was produced in its original form: a frame, a 3-speed gearbox and benzie new motor volume of 2.1 liters, giving out 52 hp, everything in its pure form from the GAZ-69 (the same engine, by the way, was put on the GAZ-20 "Pobeda"). By the mid-60s, the car was made more technologically advanced, having moved away from a direct relationship with an army jeep: the curved welded frame changed to an original straight one made of a channel profile, lever shock absorbers gave way to telescopic ones, and the power unit was borrowed from the GAZ-21 "Volga" - The overhead valve 2.5-liter 70-horsepower engine was mated to a 4-speed gearbox. In addition, the layout itself has been optimized. power unit and steering.
Along with this, the car received a "facelift" - the design of the front of the cab in the form in which we know this car now. In 1965, the modernized truck UAZ-452D went into production (it received the apt nickname "tadpole" among the people), a year later other modifications were tightened up: the UAZ-452 van, the "nurse" UAZ-452A (she was nicknamed the "tablet" or " pill "), and the ten-seater minibus UAZ-452V, which first appeared in the range. By the way, according to one version, this "too civilian" and expensive modification for the UAZ of those years was born almost by accident - people from "Autoexport", an organization that sold soviet cars abroad. Although the "minibus" version was laid down in the first sketches!
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Variations
"Loaf" is a Soviet car-record holder in terms of the number of modifications and "tuning versions". This is due to two factors: a) the car turned out to be very successful and in demand; b) UAZ had a strong "sharpening" for the army and at the same time very modest production capacity. Modifications can be divided into two large groups: made by third-party organizations and the UAZ itself. The first group, numerous options for "non-factory tuning", were generated mainly by the long absence of the minibus in the range - auto repair and mechanical plants converted vans into buses, cutting windows and installing seats. Such machines, nicknamed "barbuhaiki", were deprived of normal ventilation, heating, and even entry-exit, but they saved the day.
And moreover - "barbukhaiki" provoked the development of a whole new branch of the Soviet automobile industry: over time, quite decent minibuses began to be produced on the chassis of the "loaf", sometimes even superior to the factory UAZ-452V in terms of comfort - such, for example, were the minibuses APVU (Pskov Automobile Repair Plant ). And then the same factories began to assemble specialized transport on the same proven platform - this is how auto-cinema vehicles (Kuban plant), cars for filming (Chernigov plant of special vehicles) and even equipment for land reclamation (Pskov Gidroimpulse plant) appeared. As for UAZ's own research, the engineering staff gave rise to just a gigantic number of all kinds of prototypes, and what a pity that most of them did not find a place on the conveyor: an ambulance with a soft hydropneumatic suspension, an ambulance car for rescuers, a 16-seat bus , tracked all-terrain vehicle, truck tractor ...
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Evolution
During the 1970s, "loaves" were practically not modernized. But during the restructuring in 1985-1989, the family of all-terrain vehicles still underwent an update: the engine power was raised to 90 hp, a double-circuit brake drive was installed with vacuum booster and upgraded bridges with other gear ratios... The designations of the versions also changed: the flatbed truck became known as UAZ-3303, the van - UAZ-3741, the minibus - UAZ-2206, and the ambulance - UAZ-3962.
In 1997, the car finally received a new engine - UMZ-4218 with a volume of 2.9 liters and a capacity of 98 hp. In 2008, this engine, together with Bosch, with which UAZ collaborated in the field of electronic fuel injection, was modernized, it became known as UMZ-4213 (2.9 liters, 99 hp) and met the Euro-3 standards. And in March 2011, he was brought to "Euro-4", in addition to this, having supplied the car with seat belts of the same standard ("Euro-4"), ABS system and power steering ... All these are laudable attempts to fit into modernity, but now they are already clearly reminiscent of the expression "what a poultice to the dead" - by now the car, designed in the early 60s, does not meet any requirements.
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Advantages and disadvantages
This car in its current form will never pass the European crash test. The drivers even have such a sad joke about the "loaf": "to death 1.5 millimeters." This means the distance that separates those sitting in the cabin from the "street" - there is nothing in this car that could extinguish the energy of an impact in a collision. Add to this the complete lack of comfort in its modern sense (if someone has never driven in such a car, try it, you will have a wonderful experience - it shakes there mercilessly and at any speed) and very high fuel consumption (passport for the combined cycle - 13 l / 100 km, but real - 5-7 liters more). So why is this car still alive?
Is it irreplaceable?
In cross-country ability, the "loaf" is almost on a par with its "brother", the great and terrible UAZ-469 (aka 3151, now Hunter). Even the rear-wheel drive version of the loaf (in the 1960s-1970s there was also such a one) was able to go where ordinary minibuses could not get through - the ground clearance was 230 mm versus 170-180 for "civilians"! Think about it: four-wheel drive "loaves" are able to overcome 40-centimeter virgin snow and calmly move along the track, rolled out loaded "Urals". And the simplicity of the design allows you to make repairs practically in the field and without special tools - here they are, army roots!
So is there no substitute for her? And what, in this case, is destined for her to study? Fall under a production ban after the introduction of new safety and environmental standards? Yes, this is a very likely outcome. But ... as we know, UAZ participates in the "Cortege" project (which, in addition to equipment for the government, also implies "civilian" versions of cars), and now in Ulyanovsk, work has begun with a completely new platform, on which by 2018 they should begin to build a wide family of SUVs. It is also possible that UAZ will build (attention!) Minibuses on the same platform. Indeed, why would a UAZ, which is going through a difficult "transition" period, give up such an exclusive niche as a minibus-all-terrain vehicle? .. "NEW loaf" ?! Why not! We fantasized about how such a car might look, and this is what we got ...
A car known to Russians as UAZ 452 "loaf", was created as a vehicle for escorting a tank column. The body of the minibus, designed to overcome tank ruts, turned out to be durable, albeit uncomfortable. Well, service in the army is not a vacation in a sanatorium! But in the running relation " loaf»Proved to be flawless: easily withstanding cruising 80-90 km / h on asphalt, at a reduced speed UAZ without hesitation overcame off-road.
True, to connect front wheel drive The driver had to jump out of the cab and bend over with a wrench at the wheel hubs, but after the tightness of the driver's seat, such a warm-up was a joy!
Alas! The most the main problem UAZ 452- user inconvenience. That is why, first of all, we consider actual examples tuning of the UAZ salon.
UAZ "loaf" gains comfort
When designing a cabin UAZ the designers were guided by the anthropometric data of the soldiers of the early 50s. It is not surprising that our tall contemporaries do not fit well into the standards of the middle of the last century. So start tuning UAZ "loaf" with the modernization of the driver's seat - the arch-correct, as Lenin would say, the decision.
Driver's seat in UAZ serial production is offset relative to the steering column axis to the left. The most ingenious tuning designs move the seat close to the engine compartment lid. So that the hood can be lifted without difficulty, the seat is easily removable.
Replacing the bulky stock steering wheel appears to be an urgent need. UAZ last years of release on a compact steering wheel from a passenger car. The installation of the power steering facilitates the use of a small diameter steering wheel.
In trends tuning dashboard UAZ two directions are visible. Adherents of ceremonial splendor cover everything that can be reached with corrugated aluminum sheet.
Since 1.5mm aluminum is attached to the metal of the body on top of plastic noise insulation, it becomes noticeably quieter in the car. Cleaning of the interior is made easier and trunk of UAZ... With the proper professionalism of the performers, the aesthetics of the interior increases.
Admirers of ergonomic comfort use injury-safe materials. The complication of forms is beneficial to the initially inexpressive interior. The space for instruments and glove boxes on such a panel is larger than before. Converted UAZ much more convenient than the original version!
Converting the engine compartment cover into a small change tray is an inexpensive and extremely useful redesign.
Keeping your finger on the pulse of all vehicle systems is the most important task of the driver UAZ 452... Easy-to-read instrument readings are the key to confident control of equipment in the most difficult conditions!
Above the windshield, there is a place suitable for placing speakers, a radio, a stationary radio and other auxiliary electronics. Use it! Options for reforming the upper cabin space " loaves"- a great many!
The console, built symmetrically to the engine compartment, will help place many information screens and control knobs for the heating system - more precisely, heating systems... Complete tuning UAZ "loaf", especially for hunting and fishing, is impossible without installing additional heaters!
Heating tuning UAZ 452
Experienced drivers know: in terms of the thermal regime, an old one UAZ 452- a machine of infernal deceit! In frosty winters, the engine, open from below to all winds, was hypothermic, and therefore the chauffeurs did not allow themselves to aggravate the situation by heating the cab. In the summer, the engine, being hidden from the blow-through, overheated - and in order to drive and not boil, the drivers turned on the stove ...
True, all the hardships and hardships fell to the lot of the front riders. V bodywork « loaves», As a rule, at any time of the year the temperature remained close to the outboard temperature. That's why tuning UAZ 452 always accompanied by the installation of an auxiliary heater for the passenger compartment. True, sometimes the alteration takes extreme forms ...
Potbelly stove behind the driver's back? Such tuning UAZ may seem ridiculous. However, the method can be justified, firstly, by driving on the taiga off-road - after all, there is more firewood in the forest than gasoline. And secondly, a wood-burning stove (though not a stove after all) is quite suitable for heating a caravan.
In all other cases, an autonomous vehicle interior heater that runs on liquid fuel helps.
Problems inherent in thermoregulation of the old 72-strong UAZ engine, disappear with the replacement of the motor with a new 98-horsepower model.
So that it becomes quiet in the cabin
Corrugated aluminum sheet, widely used in off-road tuning (take a look at the interior of the tuned Niva on the page), helps to reduce the noise level in the cab UAZ 452.
The popular and relatively inexpensive one and a half millimeter sheet of corrugated aluminum is of little use for laying on the floor of a car - due to its natural plasticity and instability to abrasive wear.
Tuning equipment of the UAZ 452 salon
If desired in in the body of UAZ 452 you can install a wardrobe and a double bed, which in the daytime transforms into other pieces of upholstered furniture.
A kitchen corner with a small refrigerator (in the photo it is blue), a container with drinking water, a microwave oven and an electric stove will harmoniously complement the comfort of those traveling to UAZ 452.
In most cases " loaf»Is used for trips to places where an air mattress is sufficient for sleeping, and a kettle over a fire replaces the kitchen. Fishing and hunting option tuning UAZ 452 today is in demand more than ever!
The wide top hatch is a necessary accessory for the hunting vehicle. Harsh shutter click sounding from the roof UAZ "loaves", able to embarrass both the elk and the bear, and even a car inspector... In addition, the hatch will serve as a saving exit if the hunt did not go according to the script and the participants in the action confused who should be chasing whom.
Prey hunting, successful fishing - these are trophies! And the trophies need to be put somewhere. Experienced hunters provide a well-closing compartment for prey in the car. Often in isolated the trunk of the UAZ there is an entrenching tool, a spare wheel. Weapons and ammunition can be transported in lockers under the floor of the compartment.
The game, however, has one unpleasant feature ... Many animals (and fish) have such a pungent smell that there is no way to transport them inside the car.
Trunk and other awnings for UAZ 452
Roof rack for UAZ able to help out in a wide variety of situations. In addition to transporting a considerable load, the outer trunk can become a platform for arranging an ambush. It can be covered with an awning and used as a safe sleeping place during the warm season. Besides, trunk for UAZ protects the roof from damage when crossing dense thickets.
But there is one danger. In user circles, the idea of installing on the trunk of the UAZ 452 electric winches.
Don't make a fatal mistake! Do not install on the trunk of the "loaf" winches! Otherwise, removing from the roof, for example, a spare wheel, which is usually dropped - and that's it! - will turn into a long and difficult adventure.
To take off spare wheel with a winch, you will have to:
Climb up and bring the device into working position;
Hook the wheel;
Lower the wheel to the ground;
Go down to unhook the wheel;
Go upstairs, wind up the rope;
Return the device from the working position to the transport position;
Get off the roof.
However, all this is just exercise that is beneficial to health. The highlight of interaction with any winch, devoid of a mechanical rope stacker, is flaking, that is, jamming of a tightly wound cable among semi-free turns. Eliminating sagging is an all-consuming fun activity, but traumatic for the hands and dangerous for the psyche.
For what UAZ trunk definitely worth using - so this is to install additional headlights. It's up to you to put several scattered light sources or mount a ready-made block. You will find several successful options for tuning "chandeliers" in the article on the page.
It looks like this ...
And this is how LED optics for SUVs shine.
We have only touched on a few aspects. tuning UAZ... Stay tuned for site updates and you will get a ton of useful recommendations concerning tuning UAZ different models.
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