In the early 50s of the last century, it seemed that a nuclear war between the USSR and the United States was inevitable. The post-apocalyptic future was perceived as almost inevitable, and the whole question was only who would be better prepared for it. The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, which since the Second World War was a "branch" for the production of GAZ-69, on the eve of the almost beginning of the Third, receives a secret order from the Ministry of Defense: to develop a car for ... transporting the wounded and dead from the centers of radioactive destruction.
Almost no one knows about this now, except for a few surviving developers of this car, but in the usual "loaf" with a van body, which you can often see on the streets, the possibility of transporting, in addition to the driver and passenger, five stretchers with the wounded was realized: four of them are fastened along the sides in two tiers, and the fifth slide between the side ones ... Surprising? Doesn't sound like the truth? Of course, these facts have been strictly classified for many years!
1 / 3
2 / 3
3 / 3
MADE IN USSR
In the second half of the 50s, it began to come to the understanding that if there was an apocalypse, it would not necessarily be right now. Maybe it will happen tomorrow, but today it would be very useful in everyday life. four-wheel drive vehicle wagon layout, which is almost ready for production. The car, which by this time had acquired the name UAZ-450, basically had a GAZ-69 chassis with an original body placed on top, drawn by the designer V. I. Aryamov ... They say that the factory testers began to call this car a "loaf".
The car could take on board 800 kg of cargo and reach a speed of 90 km / h. In 1957, preparation for the production of this car was completed, and in 1958 its mass production began. Interestingly, two years earlier, a very similar car, the Ford FC, began to be produced in the United States. That car had two main variants, a truck with a short and a long cab, the van appeared later and was produced in small quantities (like the model itself, which survived only until 1965), but the controversy over the Soviet and American "loaves" does not subside to this day .. Did Aryamov steal the design from the Americans? Hardly - the machines were drawn and developed at the same time (in full accordance with the canons of the "arms race"), just the Soviet one, as usual, was delayed with the release of the series. It's not about plagiarism, but about the general direction of the design of those years - take a look, for example, at the first Volkswagen Transporter.
1 / 3
2 / 3
3 / 3
Second "loaf"
From 1958 to 1965, the "loaf" under the name UAZ-450 (the letter A was added to the index for an ambulance, B for a van and D for a truck with a wooden body) was produced in its original form: frame, 3-speed gearbox and petrol new motor volume of 2.1 liters, giving out 52 hp, everything in its pure form from the GAZ-69 (the same engine, by the way, was put on the GAZ-20 "Pobeda"). By the mid-60s, the car was made more technologically advanced, moving away from a direct relationship with an army jeep: the curved welded frame changed to the original straight, made of channel profile, lever shock absorbers gave way to telescopic, and power unit was borrowed from the GAZ-21 "Volga" - an overhead valve 2.5-liter 70-horsepower engine was mated to a 4-speed gearbox. In addition, the layout of the power unit and steering itself was optimized.
Along with this, the car received a "facelift" - the design of the front of the cab in the form in which we know this car now. In 1965, the modernized truck UAZ-452D went into production (it received the apt nickname "tadpole" among the people), a year later other modifications were tightened up: the UAZ-452 van, the "nurse" UAZ-452A (she was nicknamed the "tablet" or " pill "), and the ten-seater minibus UAZ-452V, which first appeared in the range. By the way, according to one version, this "too civilian" and expensive modification for the UAZ of those years was born almost by accident - people from "Autoexport", an organization that sold soviet cars abroad. Although the "minibus" version was laid down in the first sketches!
1 / 3
2 / 3
3 / 3
Variations
"Loaf" is a Soviet car-record holder in terms of the number of modifications and "tuning versions". This is due to two factors: a) the car turned out to be very successful and in demand; b) UAZ had a strong "sharpening" for the army and at the same time very modest production capacity. Modifications can be divided into two large groups: made by third-party organizations and the UAZ itself. The first group, numerous options for "non-factory tuning", were generated mainly by the long absence of the minibus in the range - auto repair and mechanical plants converted vans into buses, cutting windows and installing seats. Such machines, nicknamed "barbuhaiki", were deprived of normal ventilation, heating, and even entry-exit, but they saved the day.
And moreover - "barbukhaiki" provoked the development of a whole new branch of the Soviet automobile industry: over time, quite decent minibuses began to be produced on the chassis of the "loaf", sometimes even superior to the factory UAZ-452V in terms of comfort - such, for example, were the minibuses APVU (Pskov Automobile Repair Plant ). And then the same factories began to assemble specialized transport on the same proven platform - this is how auto-cinema vehicles (Kuban plant), cars for filming (Chernigov plant of special vehicles) and even equipment for land reclamation (Pskov Gidroimpulse plant) appeared. As for UAZ's own research, the engineering staff gave rise to just a gigantic number of all kinds of prototypes, and what a pity that most of them did not find a place on the conveyor: " Ambulance"with soft hydropneumatic suspension, resuscitation vehicle for rescuers, 16-seat bus, tracked all-terrain vehicle, truck tractor ...
1 / 5
2 / 5
3 / 5
4 / 5
5 / 5
Evolution
During the 1970s, "loaves" were practically not modernized. But during the restructuring in 1985-1989, the family of all-terrain vehicles still underwent an update: the engine power was raised to 90 hp, a double-circuit brake drive with a vacuum booster and modernized axles with other gear ratios... The designations of the versions also changed: the flatbed truck became known as UAZ-3303, the van - UAZ-3741, the minibus - UAZ-2206, and ambulance- UAZ-3962.
In 1997, the car finally received a new engine - UMZ-4218 with a volume of 2.9 liters and a capacity of 98 hp. In 2008, this engine, together with Bosch, with which UAZ collaborated in the field of electronic fuel injection, was modernized, it became known as UMZ-4213 (2.9 liters, 99 hp) and met the Euro-3 standards. And in March 2011 it was brought up to "Euro-4", in addition to providing the car with seat belts of the same standard ("Euro-4"), ABS system and power steering ... All these are laudable attempts to fit into modernity, but now they already clearly reminiscent of the expression "what a dead poultice" - to date, the car, designed in the early 60s, does not meet any requirements.
1 / 3
2 / 3
3 / 3
Advantages and disadvantages
This car in its current form will never pass the European crash test. The drivers even have such a sad joke about the "loaf": "to death 1.5 millimeters." This means the distance that separates those sitting in the cabin from the "street" - there is nothing in this car that could extinguish the energy of an impact in a collision. Add to this the complete lack of comfort in its modern sense (if someone has never driven in such a car, try it, you will have a wonderful experience - it shakes there mercilessly and at any speed) and very high fuel consumption (passport for the combined cycle - 13 l / 100 km, but real - 5-7 liters more). So why is this car still alive?
Is it irreplaceable?
In cross-country ability, the "loaf" is almost on a par with its "brother", the great and terrible UAZ-469 (aka 3151, now Hunter). Even the rear-wheel drive version of the loaf (in the 1960s-1970s there was also such a one) was able to go where ordinary minibuses could not get through - the ground clearance was 230 mm versus 170-180 for "civilians"! Think about it: four-wheel drive "loaves" are able to overcome 40-centimeter virgin snow and calmly move along the track, rolled out loaded "Urals". And the simplicity of the design allows you to make repairs practically in the field and without special tools - here they are, army roots!
So is there no substitute for her? And what, in this case, is destined for her to study? Fall under a production ban after the introduction of new safety and environmental standards? Yes, this is a very likely outcome. But ... as we know, UAZ participates in the "Cortege" project (which, in addition to equipment for the government, also implies "civilian" versions of cars), and now in Ulyanovsk, work has begun with a completely new platform, on which by 2018 they should begin to build a wide family of SUVs. It is also possible that UAZ will build (attention!) Minibuses on the same platform. Indeed, why would a UAZ, which is going through a difficult "transition" period, give up such an exclusive niche as a minibus-all-terrain vehicle? .. "NEW loaf" ?! Why not! We fantasized about how such a car might look, and this is what we got ...
3.7 / 5 ( 4 voices)
For the first time, the UAZ 452 series car was designed by the designers of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant in 1965 as a modification of the UAZ 451. The all-wheel drive version was equipped with a new GAZ-21 engine and a four-speed gearbox.
In the new lineup with a 4x4 wheel arrangement, letter indices are used that determine the purpose of the car:
| 452A "Tablet" | Ambulance car. Capacity - 4 stretchers or 6 people on the side seats. |
| 452AE | Modification of the UAZ-452A for the installation of specialized equipment. |
| 452В "Loaf" | Minibus for transporting 10 people. |
| 452D "Tadpole" | Flatbed truck. |
| 452G | Sanitary. Differs from 452A in larger capacity. |
| 452K "Medea" | Resuscitation. Produced in small quantities. Wheel formula 6x4. |
| 452P | Semitrailer tractor |
UAZ (y) 452 in a metal case attached a tag "loaf" because of the external similarity with a loaf of bread. This series has found surprisingly wide applications for the transport of goods, people and as special vehicles.
Another modernization, which took place in 1985, ended with a change in indexing and the end of the history of the 452 series.
Exterior
The body structure does not shine with the beauty of the design solution, but is subordinated to the principle of functionality. Streamlining coming from speed indicators, high ground clearance (0.3 m), which reduces the likelihood of damage to the lower units and parts when driving over bumps and pits.
Width windshield and side windows provide ample panoramic view while driving. Since the mid-70s, oversized mirrors and new lighting technology have been installed on the doors.
An orange section is highlighted in the sidelights. Taillights acquired the shape of a rectangle, which was reflected in the shape of the rear body panels. Repeaters of turns appeared behind the front doors, on the port and starboard sides.
Door hinges are of external design and contain grease nipples. On the front lining there is a U-shaped cutout, above which is the UAZ emblem in the form of a seagull. A towing hook is installed under the bumper. In the side niche there is a filler neck for filling the tank with gasoline.
Body tuning
Changes in appearance the car begins with repainting the body. Repainting necessarily involves taking into account the original color. Painting in a camouflage color will not cause difficulties.
This requires masking tape and two aerosol cans with paint of the specified color. To prepare the body for painting, you need:
- Dismantle the hinged body elements and apply anti-corrosion treatment;
- Cover the glass with foil or paper;
- Apply adhesive tape in accordance with the future paint contours.
First, paint is applied to indicate light spots, then dark ones. Then you can proceed to the installation of power hinged elements: reinforced bumpers, a protective pipe arch, which is welded to the front bumper or made removable, the trunk and the winch. It is better to install the winch so that the pulling force is at least five tons.
UAZ Loaf tuning The final stage is the installation of additional lighting equipment. For example: on front bumper halogen shock-resistant headlights are installed, working and high-beam chandeliers are installed on the trunk.
Any changes that are not provided for in the design require agreement with the traffic police to exclude possible problems.
Interior
Probably not worth looking for evidence of the comfort of the interior of this car. The showroom is dominated by metal and leatherette. Inside the cab, the protruding part of the engine reduces the free space. Dashboard captures the minimum required current technical information.
Salon UAZ-452 It has a built-in oven air intake. An oven for heating is installed under the panel, and warm air enters the passenger compartment through an opening door. Insufficient heating in cold weather and lack of interior cooling in hot seasons, poor sound insulation - a consequence of design asceticism and the desire to reduce the cost.
Salon tuning
The happy owner of this model realizes how inconvenient the "loaf" car dealership is in comparison with similar foreign options. But if we do not forget that comfort is secondary in the production of this car, then, with efforts, funds and a creative approach, it is quite possible to create coziness in the cabin.
- You can and should start by replacing regular seats with modern soft chairs;
- The next step in tuning a car dealership is to isolate external noise, internal bounce of the cabin elements and improve the quality of interior decoration;
- Floors, door cavities and the back wall can be laid with vibration insulation, covered with sound insulation, and the joints can be sealed with a sealant;
- Then make the inner lining.
Tuned salon UAZ-452 Today, leather trim is popular. Often, additional elements are introduced into the interior in the form of glove compartments, modern lighting, shelves and ashtrays. It is better to replace the steering wheel with a comfortable and ergonomic one from a foreign car in a soft case, while not forgetting about its reliable fastening.
Tuning of the UAZ-452 salon The installation of electric windows, audio equipment and the modernization of stove heating bring pleasant notes to the tuning of the vehicle. So, the convenience of using the "loaf" created by the owner will undoubtedly add to the spiritual comfort.
Specifications
Briefly commenting on the tabular information, we conclude the following: the "loaf" has two driving axles, the UAZ "loaf" checkpoint is of a mechanical type and, together with the transmission, is a monoblock. Activation is carried out using a demultiplier.
UAZ-452 engine The engine is an upgraded GAZ-21 engine installed inside the cab. This allows you to make minor repairs without leaving the cab. Good carrying capacity and cross-country ability keep the title "off-road vehicle" and "all-terrain vehicle" for the car.
| Modification | Glazed van UAZ | UAZ bus |
| Body | ||
| Wheel formula | 4x4 | 4x4 |
| Number of seats | 2 or 5 | 9–10 |
| Length, mm | 4390 | 4363 |
| Width, mm | 1940 | 1940 |
| Height, mm | 2064 | 2064 |
| Wheelbase, mm | 2300 | 2300 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 205 | 205 |
| The depth of the overcome ford, mm | 500 | 500 |
| Curb weight, kg | 1805 for closed van 1920 for glazed van |
2005 - for 9 local bus 2015 - for 10 local bus |
| Full mass, kg | 2730 for closed van 2845 for glazed van |
2880 |
| Carrying capacity, kg | 925 | 875 - for 9 local bus 865 - for 10 local bus |
| Engine | ||
| Engine | Gasoline, ZMZ-40911.10 | |
| Fuel | Gasoline with an octane rating of at least 92 | |
| Working volume, l | 2,693 | |
| Maximum power, h.p. (kw) | 112.2 (82.5) at 4250 rpm | |
| Maximum torque, Nm | 198 at 2500 rpm | |
| Maximum speed, km / h | 127 | |
| Fuel consumption at 60 km / h, l / 100 km | 9,0 | |
| Fuel consumption at 80 km / h, l / 100 km | 11,2 | |
| Fuel tank capacity, l | 77 | |
| Chassis | ||
| Transmission | 5-speed, mechanical | |
| Transfer case | 2-stage with front axle drive disengaged | |
| Brake system | Dual-circuit, with a vacuum booster, front disc, rear drum) | |
| Tires | 225/75 R16 | |
Security
When creating the UAZ, the concept of driver safety was considered a secondary concern. The main task was the implementation of the intended purpose. That is, meeting the requirements of the defense industry.
According to some experts, this car has a 30 percent chance of surviving a head-on collision.
UAZ Loaf front view Although, the crash tests carried out for the first time in 1971 did not confirm this figure. The design does not provide for seat belts, but the good news is that the “loaf” in the UAZ line has decent strength characteristics.
It is also impossible to deny the fact that to a large extent traffic safety depends on the qualities and experience of the driver himself.
Options and prices
The price of cars of this series depends on a number of factors. Take into account technical condition, terms of operation, funds invested in modernization, tuning, overhaul, taking into account how they were previously operated. Depending on the above, prices on the market range from $ 1,000 to $ 12,000.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of the car
- Versatility;
- Passability;
- Capacity;
- Maintainability;
- The design is simple, which allows field conditions eliminate malfunctions.
Cons of the car
- The level of safety for the driver and passengers does not meet modern requirements;
- Low comfort;
- Increased fuel consumption;
- The outer body skin is prone to excessive corrosion.
Summing up
it vehicle Is a good workhorse for everyday tasks. If desired and financially available, it is successfully modernized technically and externally. In this case, the "loaf" becomes a delight for those who like hunting, fishing and traveling, allowing them to get to hard-to-reach places.
UAZ-452 front view Lack of scarce spare parts, fairly simple repair and Maintenance- the guarantee of maintaining the car in a reliable condition.
UAZ-452 photo
Removing the victims from the zone of radioactive contamination - now it seems nothing more than a terrible fiction, but in the 50s of the last century, when the Cold War was in full swing, the famous "Loaf" UAZ-452 was given just such a task. It was later that the UAZ-452 became an indispensable assistant in almost all sectors of the national economy, and the truth about the true purpose of the car was preserved only in historical chronicles.
The "Loaf" owes its appearance to the Ministry of Defense. The military, who had no doubt that a nuclear war between the Soviet Union and America would begin in the near future, set clear tasks for the factory workers. The car had to be adapted to carry five stretchers and have excellent maneuverability.
It was only by the second half of the 50s that it became clear that a terrible war could most likely be avoided, but the development of the car by this time was already in full swing. As it turned out, the Americans also worked on a car of a similar design. And they even managed to release it two years earlier, which subsequently gave food for criticism of the domestic car. It turned out that the overseas Ford FC and our "Loaf" had a strikingly similar design. But, reasoning sensibly, there is no need to talk about plagiarism in this case.
Both cars were developed in parallel, and the somewhat belated appearance of the "Loaf" is explained, rather, by the specifics of the country of the Soviets, and not by an attempt to spy on something from the Americans.
The first prototypes, called UAZ-450, were based on the platform from the GAZ-69. This made it possible to load up to 800 kilograms of cargo into a car with a wagon layout and, if necessary, develop a speed of 90 km / h on rough terrain. After a series of tests in 1958, the car was put on the assembly line. For almost seven years, the "Loaf" was produced with a 52-horsepower 2.1-liter engine and a 3-speed gearbox. Only in 1965 the car was modernized.
The curved welded frame was replaced by an original straight design, and the suspension underwent a major revision. "Loaf" received more modern telescopic shock absorbers. It was also decided to abandon the weak engine. The updated car received a 2.5-liter power unit from the GAZ-21, which developed 70 Horse power... There is one more gear shift in the gearbox.
As well as technical changes a small "facelift" was also carried out. The car received the design of the front part familiar to most of us. And at the same time the new name is UAZ-452. Depending on the purpose of the car, this or that letter was added to it. So, for example, ambulance "Loafs" were indexed 452A, a minibus with ten seats - 452B, a truck - 452D.
The variety of modifications of the Ulyanovsk minibus is generally a topic separate conversation... The car, designed specifically for the army, turned out to be so successful that during its conveyor life it was repeatedly altered to meet the needs of a particular buyer, not only within the factory walls, but also by the buyers themselves. Numerous auto repair factories have easily cut windows and fitted seats, transforming cargo vans into passenger vans.
The UAZ specialists did not sit idly by either. Thanks to them, a tracked all-terrain vehicle, an ambulance with a hydropneumatic suspension, and a 16-seater bus were born on the basis of "Bukhanka". But, unfortunately, there was no talk of mass production of the equipment so demanded in the USSR. Moreover, even the usual versions of the UAZ-452 were not modernized in the 70s. Only during the restructuring, the Ulyanovsk all-terrain vehicle received a 90-horsepower engine, modernized bridges and vacuum amplifier brakes. The name of the car has also been changed to a new one. From now on, a minibus based on the "Loaf" was named UAZ-3962, a van - UAZ-3741, a flatbed truck - UAZ-3303.
Technical characteristics of UAZ-452
The car survived the collapse of the Soviet Union quite confidently. Despite the fact that the opened borders allowed numerous commercial vehicles to pour into the country, the demand for the “Loaf” remained stable. So affordable car with such capabilities, off-road in Europe was simply not released. The plant workers, in turn, tried with little blood modernize the "Loaf".
In 1997, the car began to be equipped with a 2.9-liter UMP engine with a capacity of 98 horsepower, and after another 11 years, the same engine received a modern electronic system fuel injection. This made it possible to fit into the Euro-3 environmental standards. By 2011, the UMP-4213 began to comply with Euro-4 standards, and the car itself finally received ABS system, power steering and seat belts.
Safety and crash test UAZ-452
Although the "Loaf" has hardly become safer from this. A car designed in the 50s of the last century, by definition, cannot provide the driver and passengers with the level of protection that modern standards require. What can I say, if the "Loaf" simply does not have crumpled zones in front, capable of absorbing the energy of an impact in a frontal collision. Any more or less serious accident for the driver and passenger of a domestic all-terrain vehicle is truly dangerous. And even now we are not talking about a comfortable trip. Stuffiness, shaking, high fuel consumption - these are the realities that everyone who dares to hit the road in a domestic car will face.
So why is the "Loaf" still in service? There is simply no adequate replacement for this car. Only the Ulyanovsk all-terrain vehicle is able to easily move on a 30-centimeter snowy ground or ride along the track rolled out by the Urals. At the same time, which is extremely important, the "Loaf" is capable of taking on board 5-6 people and several hundred kilograms of cargo.
Add to this the excellent maintainability and design that has been studied over several decades. In most post-Soviet countries, where there are still more directions than roads, many cannot do without an old "Loaf". At least until the "New Loaf" appears on the conveyor. Drawings of a promising all-terrain vehicle-minibus have flashed on the network for a long time, but so far this is nothing more than a dream.
P.S. So why was the UAZ-452 nicknamed the "Loaf"? They say that for the first time a car was named so during factory tests. Then, when it began to be mass-produced, the memorable name was replicated. However, on the "Loaf" the light did not converge like a wedge. The UAZ-462D truck was popularly called a "tadpole", and the sanitary version of the UAZ-452A was jokingly called a "pill". Is this not evidence of people's love?
UAZ 452 (Loaf, Tablet) - special cargo-passenger, four-wheel drive, two-axle vehicle off-road, with a wheel arrangement 4x4. The car has been produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant since 1957. The car is produced both in a body (wagon) and in an onboard version (tadpole). The car body can be equipped with side single-leaf doors and a double-leaf door at the rear (door configuration depends on the specific modification).
The main advantage of the car is its versatility and cross-country ability. A driver can coexist in a loaf at the same time, from one to 10 passengers and from 450 kg to 1 ton of cargo. The internal space can be made both in the version with an insulated compartment (the passenger compartment is separated by a partition with a window), and in the carriage version. A table installed in the cabin, a heater of high heat output, numerous options for transforming the cabin (including the possibility of cutting a hatch), make the UAZ loaf not only a reliable assistant in work, but also an indispensable companion when going hunting, fishing and just outside: in a word, for those places and conditions where without all-wheel drive, good geometric cross-country ability and roomy salon nothing to do.
UAZ-452 History.
In 1955, the designers of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant were given the task to design a car with a carrying capacity of 800 kg on the GAZ-69 chassis. Since the GAZ-69 had a short base, it was possible to place 800 kg of cargo only with a wagon body layout. The prototype was developed in two versions: a truck with a wooden body and an all-metal van. On the roof of the car, transverse stiffening ribs were made, because of this, from above, it resembled a sliced loaf of bread. This is where the name “loaf” came from among the people. In 1958, the car went into mass production.
The first cars had an index and were equipped with GAZ-69 engines, a 3-speed gearbox and a 2-speed transfer case... This was the first domestic car with a cabin above the engine. The UAZ-450 series was all-wheel drive. In 1961, a rear-wheel drive modification of the UAZ-451 appeared. It differed from the all-wheel drive version only by the presence of a side door on the vans.
The car underwent major upgrades in 1965. First of all, the car received new engine GAZ-21 and 4-speed gearbox. The design of the front end has changed. New model received the index UAZ-452D (flatbed truck), the van was simply named UAZ-452, and the ambulance van was named UAZ-452A. In addition, a 10-seater minibus UAZ-452V was designed. At the same time, the rear-wheel drive version was also modernized, but no changes in the index, except for the addition of the letter "M", occurred. The carrying capacity of these machines was increased to 1000 kg.
In 1966, the UAZ-452D car was awarded a gold medal at the Moscow International Exhibition of Agricultural Machinery. And on August 20, 1966 Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In 1974, on February 18, the millionth UAZ rolled off the assembly line. It was a UAZ-452 van. Later, on February 16, 1976, the plant received the second Order of the Red Banner, and in November 1977, the UAZ-452 car received the Quality Mark.
Until the mid-80s, UAZ vehicles were produced unchanged. Another modernization was made in 1985, along with it, the car indices were changed. This is the story of the 452nd model.
Technical characteristics of UAZ-452
Weight of cargo transported on the platform, no more than 700 kg
Weight of cargo transported in the cargo hold: from 400 kg to 1 ton
Number of seats: from 2 to 10 Permissible gross weight from 2500 kg to 3000 kg
Total mass of the towed trailer: with brakes 1500 kg, without brakes 750 kg Maximum speed: from 100 to 130 km / h
Fuel consumption (when driving at a constant speed): from 13 to 18 l / 100 km Maximum climb, overcome by a car with a full weight: about 30 degrees (58%)
Fording depth: 0.5 m
Engine Model: UMZ-4213
Type: 4-stroke, with fuel injection
Number of cylinders: four
Arrangement of cylinders: in-line, vertical
Displacement: 2.89 liters
Compression ratio: 8.2
Maximum torque: 201.0 Nm in the frequency range from 3000-3500 min
UAZ 452 modifications
UAZ-452 - van, main modification
UAZ-452A - an ambulance, popularly nicknamed "pill". The car could accommodate up to 4 stretchers or six on benches and one accompanying person in both cases. The nurse did not provide for comfort when moving, the suspension remained from the standard model, but was the only ambulance capable of reaching the most remote places.
UAZ-452AS - northern ambulance
UAZ-452AE - chassis for the installation of various equipment
UAZ-452V - ten-seater minibus of wagon layout
UAZ-452D - a truck with a double cab and a wooden body
UAZ-452G - ambulance, different from UAZ-452A in capacity
UAZ-452K - experimental 16-seater three-axle bus, (6x4) (1973).
UAZ-452P - truck tractor
The versatility and all-pervasiveness of the UAZ 452
Seemingly incompatible features are reflected in a whole line of UAZ modifications: from a farmer to an ambulance or a nurse. The car is regularly installed Gas engine, manual transmission and plug-in front-wheel drive.
Take a look at the UAZ 452 video:
Pros and cons of UAZ 452
The general pros and cons of UAZs, as well as the details of choosing a new or experienced UAZ, are perfectly described on the UAZbook, and in short, you need a garage, and the ability + desire to turn the nuts yourself: otherwise the car will be quite costly to maintain.
I would like to draw attention to the difference between the Loaf and other UAZs: the engine in the cabin (fresh paint was corny heating up and sticking to the jacket of drivers who drove the loaves from Ulyanovsk) + complete lack of protection for the legs and the driver himself in a head-on collision. These facts must be taken into account when choosing a Loaf.
Reliability of UAZ 452
In general, you need to understand that the UAZ 452 is a brainchild domestic auto industry... If you immediately accept this fact and do not try to treat UAZ as a foreign car that does not break and does not flow, then communication with UAZ immediately becomes easier and more honest: UAZ is a fairly simple, utilitarian car, which was not created for comfort and not for records in maintenance-free operation: the task of the UAZ is to escort a tank column on the march. Everything else is just an attempt to dress up an army vehicle in civilian form. Look even at the photo of the UAZ 452:
The maintainability of UAZ vehicles often pays for its low reliability and comfort.
There is also an opinion that Loafs, in comparison with other UAZ models (for example, currently produced by Hunters and Patriots), are much more technically reliable, since they are made for doctors and the Ministry of Emergency Situations, where the requirements for reliability are much higher than in civilian life. ... We cannot judge how true this is.
The history of this car dates back to the distant 60s of the last century. This will seem strange to many, but the UAZ-452 is still being mass-produced, and its design has practically not changed since those years. This model is a cargo-and-passenger all-wheel drive off-road van.
Appearance
The design of this car can already be called a rarity. Hardly anyone else produces such cars now. So, at the front, the car has simple round headlights and separate turn signals with built-in side light bulbs. The same optics scheme was practiced on the rest of the Soviet trucks... For such a specific body shape, this car received the nickname "Loaf". What do the reviews say about this car? Of course, its design is not the main strong point. This car looks too old. Perhaps the model is different good quality metal? But here, too, the owners are disappointed. Metal rusts very quickly, and in all places. In order to somehow keep the car in its original form, the owners have to repeat the anti-corrosion treatment procedure every year.
This machine has been used in all industries. These are agriculture, the army (by the way, the military UAZ-452 was distinguished by higher bridges) and medicine. In the latter case, the van was used as an ambulance.
UAZ-452: dimensions, ground clearance
Body dimensions have not changed over the years of production. So, the car has a length of 4.36 meters, a width of 1.94 and a height of 2.09 meters. The wheelbase is exactly 2.3 meters. This car has a good clearance - 22 centimeters. As noted by the reviews, the UAZ-452 car is distinguished by good cross-country ability. But still, off-road "Loaf" is less powerful than the 469th UAZ or "Hunter". Note also that the curb weight of the van is 1.76 meters. The total mass reaches three tons.
Salon
The interior in the car has not changed since the days of the Soviet Union. So, there is a familiar steel panel with simple dials for the speedometer and tachometer. Wipers work in different directions. The driver's seat has a minimum of lateral support and adjustments. Remarkably, the engine is located on the right side of the driver. In view of this, any sounds and vibrations are constantly heard inside. The cover that covers the engine is not very soundproof. And the interior itself is made mainly of metal, clattering on the bumps.
Among the significant changes, it is worth noting the presence of seat belts and a safety steering wheel. This can be seen on versions earlier than 2011. Also, the steering wheel was equipped with a hydraulic booster. Before that, there was a simple, mechanical drive. Five years later, a couple more changes were made at the plant. So, all devices began to be placed in a single dial of the speedometer with a display. A niche for the audio system also appeared in the cabin. However, you will never find a radio tape recorder and speakers here - the owners themselves were already engaged in the installation of the acoustics. Also, according to the manufacturer, in 2016, the interior noise insulation has improved. But as the owners note, the changes are only minimal - the interior still has to be refined and improved.
There are flat leatherette benches for passengers. In total, the car can accommodate up to nine people, including the driver. By the way, the passenger section is separated by a steel partition from the driver. There is a table in this car - perhaps the only element of comfort. After all, there has never been an air conditioner, electric heaters and power windows here. Of course, this car is difficult to drive over a longer distance. However, many people acquire it for off-road driving and fishing trips. After all, there is enough space in the cabin.
Specifications
Originally on this car put carburetor engine... UAZ-452 was equipped with a UMZ-451 engine. This is an atmospheric eight-valve gasoline unit with a timing chain drive. This engine did not differ much from the GAZ-21A engine, with the exception of the presence of a more "modern" oil filter from "Zhiguli". With a volume of 2.5 liters, this engine develops 72 horsepower. Torque - 167 Nm in the range from 2.2 to 2.5 thousand revolutions per minute. According to the owner's manual, this motor is suitable for use in countries with tropical and temperate climates. Although, as practice has shown, the UAZ-452 survives in the northern regions.
The compression ratio of the UMZ-451 unit is only 6.7. The cylinder diameter and piston stroke are the same - 92 millimeters. Note that this engine has a high fuel consumption. The unit consumes 18 liters of gasoline per 100 kilometers, according to passport data (subject to movement at a speed of 60 kilometers per hour).
Modernization
In 1997, the Ulyanovsk plant made minor changes to the technical part. So, the UAZ-452 car received a new UMZ-4218 engine. It was also a naturally aspirated four-cylinder unit, but with an increased compression ratio to 8.2. Also, this engine has a more voluminous combustion chamber. With a displacement of 2.9 liters, this engine develops 98 horsepower. The torque has also increased to 220 Nm and is available at 2.5 thousand rpm. According to the operation manual, the UAZ-452 ("Loaf") car is designed only for 92nd gasoline. If a lower octane fuel is used, there is a risk of knocking.
We also note that in 2011 this engine began to comply with the Euro-4 environmental standards. Fuel consumption, according to the passport data, is 11 liters in the combined cycle. But as practice has shown, real expense this car is approaching the 16-liter mark.
Problems
Among the disadvantages of UAZ engines, reviews note the need for valve adjustment. There are no hydraulic lifters, and the clearances should be set every 10 thousand kilometers. Among other problems, owners note the tendency of engines to overheat and frequent extraneous knocks. And, of course, there can be no talk of any acceleration dynamics - the engine has been designed for over 60 years.
Transmission
Initially, this car was equipped with a four-stage mechanical box gear.
But later this transmission was replaced by a more modern, five-speed mechanics. What do the reviews say about the UAZ box? The drivetrain is quite noisy and the gears don't always engage clearly. Also, the checkpoint does not have a long resource. If the car is preparing for off-road, the box may not overpower the torque that the engine transmits to it. As a result, the clutch fails, as well as the primary and secondary shafts together with the bearings.
Chassis
The suspension design has not been changed during all the years of production. So, in front and behind, a dependent structure is installed, which consists of bridges and springs of 13 sheets. The suspension is very stiff - say the reviews. In addition, the car is difficult to enter corners due to the high center of gravity. By the way, to connect four-wheel drive, you have to get out of the car and scroll through the so-called "hubs", which is not always convenient when the car is already knee-deep in a swamp. There is no way to turn on the lock from the passenger compartment.
Brake system
The brakes on this car are very simple. At first, completely drum mechanisms were installed on the "Loaf", but recently the front axle acquired disc "pancakes". This has slightly improved pedal responsiveness, but the brakes on this car are still weak, reviews say.
Prices
If we talk about a new car, it can be purchased at a price of 650 thousand rubles. The option with a ten-seater cabin will cost 10 thousand rubles more. The package contains only power steering and seat belts. There are no pillows or any electrical adjustments here.
If speak about secondary market, then the prices here differ significantly. The cheapest copies can be purchased for 35 thousand rubles. However, tuning is popular among owners of UAZ-452 "Loaf" cars. Many install additional locks, other tires with wider discs and various attachments.
As a result, the cost of such a copy can rise to 300 thousand rubles or more. Note that often on the market you can find models with a rotten body. Usually these machines are cheap, but after the purchase, it is necessary to carry out welding work.
Summing up
So, we found out what characteristics and features the UAZ-452 has. Among the positive aspects of this van, it is worth noting:
- Simplicity of design and maintainability.
- Low cost of spare parts.
- Inexpensive service.
- Quite good cross-country ability.
But there are many more disadvantages. It:
- Corrosion-resistant body. UAZ-452 has to be constantly treated with Movil or mastic.
- Low reliability of components and assemblies. Don't be surprised if something breaks along the way.
- Uncomfortable salon.
- Lack of any security.
- Excessive roll.
- High consumption fuel.
- Outdated design in general.
Thus, the main audience of fans of these cars is fishermen and hunters, as well as those who build a car for off-road trips. In everyday use, this machine is a lot of trouble and does not meet modern standards of comfort and economy. Therefore, you should think carefully before deciding to buy such a Russian van.
