Owners of SUVs, small cars, even racing cars - almost everyone wants to have more "horses" under the hood than they actually have. As there are no limits to perfection, so there is no limit to power, you can always modify or replace something. And even the presence of a budget car does not mean that it cannot be upgraded. On the contrary, with a limited budget, motorists come up with the most interesting ways to increase the power of a car.

Increasing the power of the gasoline engine

The flight of imagination for the finalization of the engine is not limited by anything, except for the car owner's budget. We list the main methods that are considered the most common.

Chip tuning. The least expensive way to add "horses" to the power unit. Chip tuning is no longer only performed by individual services and salons, but even by official dealers without loss of warranty. The method consists in reconfiguring the electronic engine control unit. New algorithms are programmed into the block that affect the amount of mixture supplied to the cylinders and the ignition parameters. The increase in power is highly dependent on the type and brand of vehicle.
Increased intake and exhaust. This method is more efficient than the previous one, therefore it is more expensive. Power is increased by increasing the amount of mixture that is burned in the cylinder. It is logical that the widened intake manifold will increase the amount of the supplied mixture. But along with the intake, the exhaust must also be expanded, since the volume of exhaust gases will increase proportionally. This method also involves expanding the throttle assembly.
The next method also helps to increase the amount of the mixture - revision of the cylinder head (cylinder head). In this case, the intake and exhaust channels are bored, enlarged and lighter valves, reinforced springs are installed, camshafts are changed for a higher valve lift.

Using several simple rules, see the material from Procrossover.

Increase in the volume of cylinders. The intake capacity cannot be increased indefinitely. It is imperative that the cylinder block be revised so that the engine can cope with the entire volume of the incoming mixture. For this, the process of boring and sleeve is carried out. The cylinder bore is bored, expanding the volume, then a sleeve is pressed into the bore hole. Of course, you need a new lightweight piston group.
Installation of a turbine on a naturally aspirated engine. If you have an atmospheric engine (air and mixture are supplied to the intake channel at atmospheric pressure), then installing a turbine will increase the power up to 200% of the existing one, especially if all the previous manipulations have been done. If the engine is already turbocharged (air and mixture are pumped into the inlet under pressure), then a turbine is installed, which will "blow" stronger. Together with the turbine, it will be necessary to improve the lubrication and cooling system, to reconfigure the engine control unit.

Filter zero resistance... It's not just that this method is after all the others. Despite the popularity of the method, there is practically no increase in efficiency from the "zero" if you put it instead of a standard air filter in a standard, not tuned car. The increase is up to 5%. At 100 Horse power ah, the zero resistance filter will give you a maximum of 5 hp gain, which even an experienced driver will not notice. It is much more effective to put a "zero" when the power has already exceeded 400-500 and every 50 horsepower is achieved with difficult and expensive modifications. But keep in mind that such a filter cleans the air entering the intake much worse than a standard air filter. You will have to clean the intake system and change the filter much more often.
Refinement exhaust system... In order not to create unnecessary resistance in the exhaust tract, the catalyst and lambda probes, which are responsible for reducing emissions into the atmosphere, are removed from the exhaust system. The geometry of the exhaust is important (the larger the diameter of the pipe section, the smoother the bends and the smaller there are, the less resistance is created at the outlet).

Increasing the power of the diesel engine

Diesel engines differ from gasoline engines in the principle of mixture combustion. If in gasoline the mixture is ignited by an electric discharge, then in diesel engines there is a strong compression and subsequent detonation. This difference does not make it possible to apply some of the above methods for diesel engines and makes the diesel unsuitable for upgrades. The cost of improvements is much higher than for gasoline engines ... Let's note the features of tuning diesel engines:

On all modern diesel engines, turbines are already structurally provided, so tuning consists in replacing the turbine with a more powerful one.
Instead of improving the intake and cylinder head, diesel engines are equipped with improved fuel supply systems. CommonRail has become the most famous and reliable system. Installation Common rail means replacement of fuel injection and fuel supply control units, replacement of injectors. An expensive tuning option.
Chip tuning is applied in the same way.

Device diesel engines and intake systems are more complicated than gasoline ones, so without a solid engineering approach, you cannot count on a super-change in power. But the upgrade costs so much money that car owners often decide to just buy new car more powerful.

Do-it-yourself budget option

If there is a desire and means to make the car more powerful, it is worth contacting the professionals in a specialized tuning studio. Improvement with your own hands is also possible, but with a garage and equipment at least. It's one thing to delve into your father's donated penny to ride around the area, another thing when it comes to tuning expensive cars, because without special knowledge and skills, it is easier to harm the car than to improve the power indicators.

But you can achieve an increase in power without space investments and even with your own hands. Remember how long ago you changed filters, candles, fluids and made diagnostics. Try better quality fuel and oil. Clean the throttle, look in and clean the intake, check the compression in the engine. All this affects the power and dynamics of the car, fuel consumption and driving pleasure.

Possible consequences

The resource of the units will certainly decrease if they have undergone changes. Get ready to diagnose a car more often, buy expensive parts. Any interference with the factory design and customization leads to this.
Calculate and figure in your mind what you want from car tuning, what is important to you. Sometimes it is cheaper, easier and more profitable to buy simply new car more powerful.
If we are talking about tuning a car that is under warranty, then any intervention in the factory condition will result in the removal of the car from warranty service.
Most of the major improvements will increase fuel consumption, so consider this too.

Chip tuning of the engine: pros and cons, other types of tuning (video)

Expert opinion on power increase power unit

Outcome

Remember that incorrect tuning will not lead to an increase, but to a decrease in power and further breakdowns, which are more expensive than the improvement process itself. Choose only proven car services to upgrade your car and remember that violation speed mode on the roads is unsafe for you and others.

The file is taken from the site www.kodges.ru

which has many more interesting literature

wbooks.ifolder.ru - free file hosting

How to increase engine power. Methods for increasing engine power


Publisher: PONCHIK

	Introduction ................................................. .................................................. ....
	Cylinder block................................................ ...........................................
	Cylinder head ............................................... ..........................
	Camshaft and valve drive ...........................................
	Intake manifolds ................................................ .............................
	Carburettors ................................................. ..........................................
	Ignition system ................................................ ..................................
	Exhaust system and exhaust manifolds .....................................

Introduction

Nowadays, with the rise in fuel prices, there are still enthusiasts who seek to create uprated engines. Additional fuel is needed to increase power, and the faster the car goes, the more fuel it needs.

However, power and efficiency are not always mutually exclusive. With the right components and careful adjustments, both performance and fuel efficiency of an engine can be improved.

Automotive designs are full of trade-offs. Automotive engineers must take into account large tolerances in the manufacturing process of assemblies, technological capabilities, the required octane number of the fuel, carbon deposits, wear, lack of necessary and regular maintenance, and, at the same time, to achieve the lowest possible node price.

Standard cars and small trucks designed as a balance between daily short-distance travel within a city and high-speed traffic on the highway. Engines and transmissions are optimized primarily for low to medium speed operation rather than high speed operation.

Engines can be thought of as air pumps that mix fuel and air and deliver power from the combustion process. If something can be done to increase the airflow through the engine (assuming the fuel system is capable of delivering enough fuel in the right proportions), then the engine power is increased. Other ways to increase engine power and / or economy are to reduce weight, friction and load.

Each engine is designed to work with the highest activity in a specific rpm range. The length and diameter of the inlet, outlet, intake and exhaust manifolds help determine the engine's power range. Long and small diameter exhaust and intake manifolds improve torque at the required rpm and reduce power by high revs... Conversely, short channels with large cross-sections improve power at high revs.

Intake and exhaust system type and capacity, camshaft design, valve springs and valve lifters, ignition system, cylinder heads, valve diameters, bore / stroke ratios are selected at the factory to provide a good combination of economy, power, throttle response and low concentration exhaust gases... In addition, the transmission characteristics, final drive ratio and tire diameter must also

be consistent with the movement and its characteristics.

For city driving, high torque in the low to medium rpm range is more suitable (more economical) than the theoretical maximum power at high rpm. Urban engines that deliver high torque over a wide rpm range provide more uniform power when accelerating the vehicle with gear changes than engines that deliver high maximum power in a narrow rpm range.

Heavy vehicles with relatively small engines must have higher drivetrain ratios than light vehicles with relatively large engines.Also, the engine in a heavy vehicle must be optimized for maximum torque at low to mid-range as it provides more torque to drive. and car acceleration.

New cars and trucks have low final drive ratios, lock-up torque converters and more gears in the gearbox to ensure high mileage and engine throttle response. One of the best ways to improve performance and economy at the same time on older vehicles is to install a gearbox with a large number of forward gears and a differential with a different ratio than standard. Quite often, parts from a later release car are suitable.

Most racing engines operate in a narrow high rev range and do not need fuel economy and high torque at low revs. Many manufacturers of such engines succumb to the temptation to fit a special "racing" camshaft or large carburetor to a regular engine. This increases the theoretical airflow capacity without altering the flow characteristics of other parts. Since the parts are not matched to each other, the speed of the incoming air will decrease and the fuel will not mix properly with the air. The engine will no longer run in the optimal rev range. This will cause the engine to flood.

Torque, measured in newtons per meter (N * m), kilogram-forces per meter (kgf * m), is a measure of the torque produced by the bottom plate. Power is a measure of the work (energy) generated by the motor.

Engines deliver the most power from a given amount of fuel at their maximum torque. This corresponds to the optimum engine speed. Maximum power is achieved when the engine is cranked up to rpm in excess of the most effective. Maximum torque

the torque is always achieved at lower rpm than for maximum power. Power is increased when the gains derived from increased revs are balanced against the losses caused by operating above the optimum revs to which the engine parts are tuned.

You can tell a thing or two about the engine from the power data. On a boosted engine, maximum power will usually be higher than maximum torque, and maximum power will be achieved at relatively high rpm. As a rule, forced engines give out about 1 liter. with. by 16.0 cm3. For example, a standard hypothetical engine could have a displacement of 4916 cc, a maximum torque of 373 Nm at 3000 rpm, and a power of 200 hp. with. at 4200 rpm. The uprated version of the engine with the same displacement can have a torque of 330 Nm at 3800 rpm and a power of 325 hp. with. at 5600 rpm.

Before selecting parts for an engine modification, you need to really imagine what you want to achieve. Before starting work, the engine must be in good condition otherwise it will soon fail itself. Check the condition of the engine carefully. Make repairs if necessary, you can make modifications during repairs, which will be cheaper than doing it separately. Determine what horsepower and torque your standard engine has and at what RPM it reaches its maximum value. Then determine at what rpm the engine is running when driving on the highway and which gear is engaged. If your vehicle does not have a tachometer, temporarily connect a separate tachometer using long wires so that the tachometer can be pulled into the passenger compartment. For determining gear ratio main gear, read the decal on the drive axle.

Special "chips" are designed for computers controlled by a computer.

Long-stroke crankshafts and oversized pistons can increase torque and power by increasing displacement.

After clarifying this data, you can determine the modification methods. Generally speaking, if you are modifying your car to run at higher rpms and / or are looking for a large increase in power, then be prepared to sacrifice a significant amount of fuel efficiency and reliability.

Some of the more popular ways to increase engine power are turbocharging, nitrogen oxide injection, or another engine. Special literature is devoted to each of these methods, and a detailed review of them is beyond the scope of this publication.

Depending on the model and year of the vehicle, you can achieve noticeable improvements in its performance through careful tuning, changing the gear ratio, tire type, modifying the intake and exhaust manifolds, replacing the camshaft and improving the ignition system. Older cars are quite sensitive to such changes, which must be carefully planned and agreed upon. New computer-controlled models already have many of these changes, and such motors have best performance than their predecessors. Cars are so sensitive to changes that even a change in tire diameter can affect the throttle response of their engine.

There are very few modifications that can be made to a vehicle with computer control without degrading the performance of the exhaust gases. Some specialized firms produce intake manifolds, camshafts, exhaust systems and computer "chips" that can increase the power of modern car engines. When purchasing, read the instructions carefully and determine the applicability of the computer to the engine being modified.

If you are planning to repair your engine, there are some modifications you can make during the repair. When the engine is disassembled, the cylinder heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and camshaft can be easily replaced. Modified cylinder heads can provide a noticeable increase in power at high revs. For engines operating in

In "soft" mode, high-quality valve treatment at three angles and the selection of intake ports to the exhaust manifold will improve engine performance without compromising its throttle response and reliability. Older engines can be improved by adding hardened valve seats and special valves to allow the engine to run on low and unleaded gasoline. High compression pistons improve power and efficiency at all rpm, but if the compression ratio exceeds approximately 9: 1, then a high octane fuel is needed. Flat bottom pistons provide a better flame front in the combustion chamber than convex (concave) bottom pistons. Reinforced pistons are stiffer than cast pistons, however, cast pistons perform better under normal conditions.

Longer stroke crankshafts, combined with matching connecting rods and oversized pistons, can increase power without compromising throttle response and torque at low revs. However, if you intend to create a high-revving engine, then this method is unlikely to work for us: long-stroke engines (with a large piston stroke) can limit the potential power at high rpm.

Before assembling the engine, go to a workshop and balance the parts - this will help to obtain additional power, which does not require additional fuel.

We will discuss the pros and cons of replacing various parts and the effect of that replacement on other parts of the vehicle. Usually, if you are replacing one part, you must also change or replace other parts that work in conjunction with them. Check the fuel consumption as well as the acceleration of the vehicle with a stopwatch before and after each modification to determine its effectiveness. For more accurate measurements, take them under the same conditions and on the same road.

In this paper, we will try to limit ourselves to discussing modifications that can be made at home for a reasonable price without spending a lot of time.

Fans of motorsport in all its varieties know that there is an entire industry dedicated to increasing the efficiency of engines (and therefore increasing their power). But such work belongs to the category of very expensive, and the power units themselves are truly unique products in terms of complexity. Therefore, their installation on conventional mass cars is, in principle, impossible.
What should ordinary motorists do who are dissatisfied with the power characteristics of their four-wheeled friends? In the modern world, speed is everything, and in the conditions of congestion of urban transport highways, any delay at an intersection is fraught with large temporary losses. An increase in engine power allows you to feel more confident on high-speed highways, where overtaking time is a critical indicator, especially when it comes to budget cars, initially characterized by the presence of a low-power motor.

There are many ways to increase the power of a power unit. Some of them are quite simple, others are complex and costly. Some give an almost imperceptible increase in power, others can please with a noticeable improvement in dynamics (and a deterioration in other characteristics). Therefore, it is advisable to study all popular techniques describing how to increase engine power. Informed means armed, and knowing the advantages and disadvantages of each of the demanded methods will allow you to choose only those that will meet your expectations and capabilities.

Increase in working volume

It is this indicator that owners of small cars are embarrassed to give when they are asked about the characteristics of the car. Well, increasing the volume of the combustion chamber is perhaps the most radical way to make your car more responsive and dynamic.

It is known that the concept of "engine displacement" includes several interrelated characteristics: how much the piston moves, what are the number and diameter of the cylinders. But since structurally changing the number of cylinders is impossible even theoretically, there remains an effect on the other two above-mentioned parameters.

An increase in the diameter of the cylinders is in principle possible, but since they move in chambers designed specifically for factory dimensions, boring will be required for the corresponding size of the cylinder block. If the BC is made of cast iron, new pistons bigger size must undergo additional processing, which consists in applying microroughnesses to the walls of the pistons, which serve to retain the oil film. Needless to say, such work is almost impossible to perform in garage conditions.

If the cylinder block is made of aluminum and equipped with wet liners, the task is much easier. In this case, boring is not required - it is enough to change the sleeves for products of the required diameter, purchasing them at any auto shop.

The second way to achieve the desired results is to change the piston stroke upwards. Structurally, this can be done by using a crankshaft with a different geometry (the radius of the crank increased by a certain amount). The choice of a suitable crankshaft will also not cause problems - there are a considerable number of products on sale intended for installation on different types and modifications of power units, including forced ones.

Of course, the increase in engine power when using such a radical method will be quite noticeable. But do not forget that this characteristic of the car is closely related to other parameters (in particular, with the torque and the value of the crankshaft revolutions). In fact, an increase in piston stroke means that the greatest amount of torque is developed at the lowest crankshaft revolutions.

If we talk about specific figures, then an increase in the piston stroke / cylinder diameter provides an increase in power by about 10%, while the engine operation in all modes will become noticeably smoother.

Among the disadvantages of the method, it is worth noting the following:

increased fuel consumption (by about the same percentage);
the high cost of the procedure itself;
in some cases, it becomes necessary to change the design of the clutch; for the correct operation of the ECU, an appropriate flashing will also be required;
in such cases, the use of low-quality oil and fuel is highly undesirable;
the resource of the motor will decrease due to a decrease in the thickness of the cylinder walls.

Increasing the compression ratio

This method is considered one of the most effective. The orientation towards a change in the upward direction of the compression of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is good because the increase in power in this case is not accompanied by an increase in fuel consumption. Agree, this is for budget cars(more precisely, for car owners with limited funds) is extremely important.

Surely you will have a logical question: why do automakers not make the maximum compression ratio at the factory? Do they really leave some reserve for self tuning? The fact is that the characteristics of the gasoline used do not allow an arbitrary increase in the compression ratio. This indicator is calculated in such a way as to minimize various knocking phenomena. Increasing the compression ratio - good way raising the engine power by an impressive amount, but this is achieved through the use of fuel with a higher octane number. And it, of course, is more expensive.

So the benefits of such tuning become less obvious. One thing pleases: the power unit after such a modernization will demonstrate greater efficiency even at the previous power, which is achieved by reducing fuel consumption. In general, increasing the compression ratio really turns out to be the most profitable way to increase engine throttle response.

Currently, two different techniques are used to increase the compression ratio:

the first way is to install a thinner GB gasket. Its main disadvantage is the increased likelihood of valve-piston contact. So before using it, you need to carefully calculate everything. A variation of this method is the installation of other pistons into the power unit, which have appropriate recesses to prevent collision with the valves. In this case, of course, the valve timing will undergo changes, and appropriate engine settings will be required, but this, as they say, is a one-time procedure;
the second method consists in cylinder boring - we have already talked about it above. We just did not mention that, in addition to increasing the volume of the compressor, such a procedure increases the compression ratio, since the volume of the combustion chamber remains unchanged, only the volume of the cylinders itself changes. Before increasing engine power in this way, you must understand that with standard engine settings, the lower the compression ratio, the higher the power increase.

Intake system tuning

Most of the methods related to improving the intake path are aimed at reducing the resistance of the air flow directed into the combustion chamber. Technically, such modifications cannot be called very difficult, but they require the use of a large number of dissimilar parts and materials, allowing you to achieve a significant increase in power. Consider how to increase the power of the carburetor and injection engine changing the elements of the intake system.

Installing a zero resistance filter

This term refers to a modified air filter, the main purpose of which is to increase the throughput of the filter element. In a standard VF, it is made of a sufficiently dense material that provides reliable filtration of the air entering from the outside. The "zero" uses a more rarefied material. Due to the deterioration of the filtering capacity and changes in the design of the filter itself, air passes through the filter with less losses. It should be noted that the increase in power in this case will be scanty, so this method should be used only in conjunction with other similar measures.

This method is also quite popular, but, as in the case of using the Federal Tax Service, tangible results should not be expected. If you use it as part of a comprehensive tuning of the power unit, then a slight increase in the performance of the intake system will ultimately give a quite tangible cumulative effect.

Throttle valve

Installing the receiver

The main purpose of this part is to smooth out air pulsations on the way to the combustion chamber. This is achieved through the use of shortened inlet pipes and an increase in the volume of the receiver chamber. This method belongs to the easy one, showing good results. Its feature is the maximum filling of the cylinders with the air-fuel mixture in the high speed range with adequate reduction at low speed. With a corresponding change in the design of the receiver, the opposite result can be achieved, when the torque increases in the low rpm range, but in the rest of the range, engine throttle response decreases.

Installation is considered a modification of this method. intake system with a modified geometry of the air channels, which makes it possible to achieve a better filling of the cylinders in the entire torque range, guided by information about the remote control and the current crankshaft revolutions. The option is very effective in terms of power gain, but also quite expensive to implement.

Removing the intake manifold

In some cases, instead of the intake manifold, "pipes" are installed - shortened pipes, tuned mainly to the high speed range. This is a very effective but expensive solution, which involves the installation of a separate remote sensing device for each cylinder. At the same time, the volume of air supplied to the combustion chamber increases sharply, due to which a more stable engine operation at XX, low / medium speeds and very productive work in the upper range is achieved. The reaction time to pressing the accelerator pedal is noticeably reduced.

Pay for all these delights will have to increase fuel consumption and reduce the resource of the power unit.

As you know, the main task of the exhaust system is to ensure the removal of combustion products of the fuel-air mixture, as well as to reduce the sound effects and vibration resulting from the explosive ignition of the mixture. V modern cars the exhaust system is also equipped with elements that reduce the toxicity of the exhaust. Unfortunately, the law of conservation of energy also applies to cars. Therefore, with the obvious benefit of the muffler, the principle of its operation is to slightly reduce the engine power.

There are several ways to reduce power losses by upgrading the exhaust system:

installation of direct-flow elements;
use of downpipes;
increase in the diameter of the outlet pipelines;
bifurcation of the exhaust system.

To understand how you can increase the engine power due to the exhaust system, let's consider what the power of the power unit generally depends on.

The main and determining parameter is the quantity / quality of the air-fuel mixture. Moving from TDC to the lowest point, the cylinders are filled with a mixture of air and fuel, and the parameters of this mixture depend on the degree of pressure coordination between the inlet and outlet tracts.

In other words, an increase in the volume of air supplied to the compressor station increases the engine power, but exactly the same increase in performance must be achieved from the exhaust tract, otherwise there will be no increase in power.

The converse is also true - an increase in exhaust capacity in itself contributes to an increase in engine power. Let's consider the main ways to achieve the set goals.

Collector

The main share of the losses in the exhaust system falls on the manifold. Replacing it can reduce these losses. In professional tuning and motorsport, a "spider" is used for these purposes - a collector that differs from the standard one both in shape and quantity, as well as in the order of arrangement of the intake pipes.

In particular, for four-cylinder power units, either “4/2/1” type manifolds (long version, four pipes are first combined into two, and then merged), or a short “4/1” scheme are used. The latter option allows you to get an increase in power in a relatively small range of revolutions (6000 and above), so it is used mainly on sports cars. The first scheme is considered ideal for amateur tuning of the exhaust system, as it gives a significant increase in torque in almost all ranges.

Resonator

Increasing the resonator diameter is another way to increase power in co-current exhaust systems. The principle of operation of this tuning is to improve the process of blowing the cylinders during the exhaust phase, which makes it possible to increase the torque of the power unit. This procedure, referred to as “tune exhaust,” is used to change the timing schedule. The actual tuning of the resonator assumes its greatest effect in the region of decrease after the maximum, which makes it possible to increase the CM at high speeds. To achieve an increase in power at low speeds, the resonator is tuned to work in the growth section to the maximum.

If a catalytic converter is installed on the machine, it is dismantled with the installation of a direct-flow flame arrester. Such modernization allows the resonator to withstand maximum temperature influences without any special consequences, but from an environmental point of view, there is nothing to do with such exhaust in Europe. Russian regulations allow for the possibility of such a modification.

End part of the muffler

One of the main tasks of the exhaust system is to reduce the noise level emitted. For this purpose, the end part of the muffler is installed as far as possible from the manifold, thereby reducing its resonance effect. The use of a straight-through muffler instead of a conventional muffler allows the resistance to gas flow to be reduced to zero, at least at the last stage of the exhaust. To compensate for the drop in sound-absorbing properties, a pipe of a smaller diameter with perforations is placed in such a muffler. The space between the outer / inner pipes is filled with a fibrous material with good heat-resistant properties (eg glass fiber). To prevent the filler particles from "flying into the pipe" in the literal sense of the word, a barrier in the form of a fine mesh is placed between the fiberglass and the pipe.

Exhaust noise in such a muffler is effectively absorbed by the filler, penetrating through the perforations. However, over time, the padding layer still becomes thinner, which begins to affect the sound emitted by the direct-flow muffler. And the effect of the increase in power as a result turns out to be insignificant.

Chip tuning

This term means making changes to the software. on-board computer, aimed at changing the operation of the actuators that affect the operation of the power unit. In the general case, it is not necessary to perform chip tuning solely in order to achieve a noticeable increase in power, but it should be recognized that most cases fall on just such an upgrade of the ECU firmware.

Initial factory settings are not always optimal. In particular, automakers are trying to correlate the ignition timing controlled by the on-board computer with a certain region, but it turns out that in most cases it turns out to be slightly overestimated. For this reason, the combustion process of fuel assemblies is not so efficient.

The second reason why the ECU is tuned for an increased ignition timing is to reduce the load on the transmission units. The other side of this solution is an increase in the reaction time of the engine to the driver's actions, as well as a decrease in the stability of its operation. Some factory settings of the on-board computer lead to increased fuel consumption.

Chip tuning is able to eliminate all of the above disadvantages:

increase many parameters of the power unit;
to increase the comfort for the driver;
raise the torque to an acceptable level;
reduce fuel consumption.

From the point of view of cost, such a modernization of the car is considered one of the most inexpensive, while they do not interfere with the design of the car, which leaves a chance for the seller to fulfill the warranty obligations. Note that chip tuning for ordinary cars does not allow you to achieve significant results, but you cannot do without it if you have made changes to the design of the power unit or a component adjacent to it, since this also changes the characteristics of the motor.

This type of auto modernization demonstrates the greatest effect on sports cars that have already powerful characteristics.

Reduced weight on flywheel and pistons

It would seem that weight reduction should not affect the power performance of the motor in any way, but in practice, the use of a lightweight flywheel allows you to achieve a small, but quite positive effect. The fact is that due to the reduction in mass, this part spins up much faster, allowing the engine to reach a high-speed mode in a shorter time. The average increase in power with this tuning method is about 4%, so it is suitable for a wave as a cumulative effect.

The advantage of this method is also that its implementation is within the power of. To increase the power of a diesel engine, it is enough to purchase a lightweight flywheel (its cost varies between 2000-5000 rubles), and its installation does not require a large number of operations. As a rule, such modernization is carried out in a complex manner, together with changing the compression level, chip tuning, installing a zero resistance filter and other simple and inexpensive modifications.

The second method related to reducing the mass of auto parts is the use of forged pistons. In theory, less energy should be spent on its movement, and in terms of strength characteristics, it will give odds to pistons made of traditional materials. However, one cannot count on a significant effect here either. Nevertheless, racers actively use it, since even a slight increase in power is very important for them. Recently, such an operation is increasingly included in the range of services provided by firms specializing in tuning.

Reduced frictional force

It is this force that has the maximum effect on reducing the efficiency of any device in which rubbing parts are used. In an internal combustion engine, the greatest losses occur at the moment of movement of the piston in contact with the cylinder walls, which acts as a guide.

Of course, friction can be reduced engine oil- this is its main purpose, but its physical characteristics can be improved using various additives.

You should be careful here - the composition of a particular additive can be optimized for completely different purposes. Ideally, you need to buy additives of complex action, which not only create an additional layer between rubbing surfaces, but are also capable of other deposits. Undoubtedly, the most important effect of such an additive is considered to be the formation of a new protective layer, which is characterized by a very strong bond with one of the rubbing surfaces and an excellent oil-retaining property.

And since engine power depends on the presence of losses in the CPG, reducing friction will have a positive effect on vehicle dynamics. According to various data, this method of increasing the throttle response of the power unit gives an increase in power at the level of 6-7%, increasing the resource of the piston group and reducing fuel consumption.

However, many reviews do not contain any positive results from the use of such additives, so their use can be a simple waste of money.

In most cases, the use of camshafts with modified cam geometry is practiced to increase engine power, although there are directly opposite solutions.

It all depends on whether the size of the cams is increased or decreased. In the first case, a greater valve travel is provided, which has a positive effect on the dynamics of the power unit. However, there are some nuances here: there are modernized camshafts on sale designed to increase engine power at low, medium or high crankshaft speeds. It depends, again, on how much the valve lift is increased. If it is insignificant, we have an increase in power at low revs, if maximally (but in such a way as to exclude the collision of the valve with the piston), we will increase the engine thrust at high revs.

So if you want to increase the power naturally aspirated engine, minimally changing the design of the power unit - the installation of a sports camshaft will help you solve this problem. Of course, after replacing this part, a valve adjustment procedure will be required.

Turbocharging

This method is deservedly considered the most effective in terms of power growth. power plant... This is evidenced by the growth in the number of models produced with such an option (turbocharged modifications are not uncommon today even for the AvtoVAZ concern).

However, even owners of turbocharged cars have something to strive for, since they also have many opportunities to increase the amount of horsepower issued by the engine. Such tuning is especially interesting for owners of low-power cars (for example, with an engine capacity of 1.4-1.5 liters). In order to achieve even more impressive results, it is enough to install a large turbine. Alternative option an increase in the pressure of the factory turbine is considered. All of these methods allow you to achieve a noticeable increase in power, but requires a lot of changes. Instead, you can pick up a turbine with higher performance indicators, since there are a huge number of models on the market for most running models.

If we talk about installing a turbine on an atmospheric power unit, then this is already considered cardinal change the design of the car, which affects both the engine settings and the operational points (the need for mandatory warming up of the engine, even in the hot season, more frequent replacement Supplies).

However, the power gain can be almost twofold, so the work is worth the effort. It all depends on your skills, as well as the characteristics of the turbine being installed. True, in addition to the turbine itself, an intercooler will have to be installed, since it heats up very much during operation, and the engine heats up with it. To reduce the heat load, some increase the amount of coolant entering the radiator and improve its airflow by installing a more powerful fan. Old injectors also need to be replaced with more efficient ones, since they are not designed for such a heavy load.

The principle of operation of a turbocharger is quite simple - providing a much larger amount of air into the cylinder. And since the intensity of the combustion process depends to the maximum extent on the presence of oxygen (recall, there is not much oxygen in the atmospheric air - about 21%), the more air enters the combustion chamber, the better. By the way, the turbine is driven by the exhaust energy without using the engine power, however, it must be taken into account that there is a direct relationship between the accelerator pedal depression and the turbine performance.

The advantages of this method of increasing the power of the power unit are obvious: in terms of efficiency (a two-fold or more increase in engine efficiency), there is no alternative to it, the use of a turbine can be canceled at the touch of a button if there is no need for it.

But this is also the most expensive method, which also requires flashing the on-board computer software. It is also unrealistic on its own - this requires appropriate experience and knowledge. Although powering the turbine does not require the power take-off of the engine, at high speeds an increased fuel consumption is inevitable - this is required by elementary physical laws. The installation of the turbine requires substantial revision of many other components of the machine - the use of more durable parts, strengthening the braking capabilities. Finally, get ready for the fact that the engine resource will be obviously less than the scheduled one.

Brief conclusions

As you can see, even a low-powered car can be made to work like a sports car. As a matter of fact, it makes sense to compare such tuning with doping used in professional sports. But there is no direct prohibition here. The maximum sanctions are deprivation of the guarantee, which is irrelevant after the expiration of the guarantee period. Most of the current methods give a relatively small increase in power, therefore, if you do not use the most radical methods, it makes sense to use a combination of several less significant ones.

But in any case, you will have to pay something for the increase in the output of the motor. In most cases, this is an increase in fuel consumption.

There are 2 ways to increase torque and horsepower: chip tuning without interfering with the design of the power unit and forcing the motor with subsequent reconfiguration of the ECU software. Consider how to increase engine power and whether you can do it yourself. Let's talk not only about injection and diesel internal combustion engines, but also VAZ engines with a carburetor.

CHIP TUNING

Changing the software of the electronic engine control unit is ineffective on naturally aspirated gasoline engines with distribution injection on the valves. The amount of air entering the cylinders, and it is this parameter that is important for increasing power, is fairly accurately calculated during the design and testing of the engine. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve a significant increase in power by programmatically changing the injection angle, ignition timing, and the amount of fuel supplied. Also, engine chip tuning does not work on old diesel engines that have a minimum of electronics.

Modern turbocharged engines are different. Software adjustment of the moment and angles of injection, ignition, the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinders, a change in the algorithm of the turbocharging operation makes it possible to obtain an average of 10-15% of the standard engine power.

CAN YOU MAKE YOUR OWN HANDS?

Having a technical mindset, a confident understanding of the gas exchange processes inside the engine, a lot of time and free funds to buy basic equipment, you will be able to do chip tuning on your own. The easiest way is to find a ready-made firmware for your engine model and "fill" it into the ECU. If we are talking about an independent software change, setting in dynamics, then even a practicing diagnostician-auto electrician will need a lot of time to study the issue.

REMOVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL "COLLARS"

Physical removal of the catalyst (if there is a second lambda probe, it requires a software update). A serviceable catalyst creates a small backing of the exhaust gases at the outlet, but in a clogged state it significantly impairs the filling of the cylinders at high speeds. An even greater loss of power is felt on diesel engines. Particles of soot, mixing with oil vapors, clog the honeycomb of the particulate filter.
Programmed change of response to the gas pedal. This will not add power to the engine, but the feeling from the acceleration dynamics will change for the better.

Changes in the intake system, exhaust system, cylinder head or engine block on injection and modern diesel engines must be accompanied by online tuning. Without changing the ECU software, you will not get a good increase in power and proper engine operation.

BASIC FORCING MOTOR

There are only 5 ways to increase the power of the internal combustion engine.

Lubrication and Cooling

The dramatic increase in power puts additional demands on the engine's lubrication and cooling system. If possible, it is worth installing an oil pump with increased performance. If you are going to increase the engine power with high mileage, be sure to carry out troubleshooting and, if necessary, replace the oil pump. Install an oversized radiator to prevent engine overheating.

INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM

The volume of the receiver, the length and flow area of the channels of the inlet and outlet systems directly affect the filling of the cylinders. One of the first steps in increasing engine power can be considered the installation of an equal length exhaust manifold 4-2-1 or 4-1. To get the maximum output, it is necessary to install a forward flow, but this will increase the noise level. Therefore, for civil use, we recommend slightly increasing the flow area. exhaust pipe and install a sportier muffler. This will reduce the resistance of the exhaust system to the outlet of the exhaust gases.

Installing a zero resistance filter is one of the most popular ways to increase engine power. This move allows you to get no more than 1-3%. Competent installation of a zero-wheel requires the implementation of a cold air flow, which on many cars with standard air filters implemented from the factory. Without this, the engine will suck in heated air from the engine compartment, which will worsen the filling of the cylinders and reduce the performance of the engine.

We will not consider the installation of the throttle inlet in detail, since this method of increasing power can hardly be called civilian.

TURBOCHARGING

For additional injection of air into the cylinders, the following are used:

Which of the turbocharging systems is best for your car depends largely on the engine model, the layout of the engine compartment and the availability of ready-made solutions. For example, for VAZ engines, options for installing both a turbine and a mechanical supercharger have been developed in some detail.

Installation of a turbine or a supercharger requires a preliminary reduction in the compression ratio, installation of an intercooler; it is obligatory to switch from DMRV to DBP + DTV. The thermal balance of the engine changes, which requires more performance from the cooling system. To prevent burnout of the pistons, and to reduce the risk of detonation, it is necessary to install pistons with oil nozzles.

VOLUME, DEGREE OF COMPRESSION

The more air-fuel mixture burns in the cylinders, the more power we can get from the engine. You can increase the volume by bore-out the cylinder and installing larger pistons or increasing the diameter of the crank. An increase in the travel of the connecting rods leads to an increase in torque at the bottom. But at the same time, there is an accelerated wear of the CPG, since the pistons at the moment of shifting exert more pressure on the cylinder walls. Due to the heavy loads on the CPG, crankshaft, liners an engine with a long piston stroke cannot be high-speed.

It is desirable to increase the compression ratio only in combination with other engine modifications. But the method will significantly increase power only on old engines with carburetors, which were designed to work even on AI-86 gasoline. The more the air-fuel mixture is compressed, the more torque can be obtained from its combustion. But keep in mind that the higher the octane number of gasoline, the more expensive it is, besides, after an increase in power, fuel consumption will definitely increase. Therefore, it is simply impractical to switch to gasoline with an octane rating of more than 98 for civilian use.

The use of spark plugs with a low glow number, the engine runs on gasoline, the octane number does not correspond to the compression ratio, leads to detonation
TUNING CYLINDER
The video shows the basics of revising the cylinder head, which will allow you to increase the power of an atmospheric and turbocharged engine with your own hands.

Probably every car enthusiast sooner or later wonders how to increase the power and torque of his own "iron horse".

For some, this question arises after numerous modifications of the car: it seems to be hung with all kinds of body kits and looks like a sports car, but “from a traffic light”, God forbid, at least somehow worthily get under way.

For some, increased power and torque is a matter of paramount importance, on which attention is focused even when choosing a car. However, there is no limit to desires, and the possibilities of an already familiar car are clearly not enough.

The main and most in a simple way an increase in power and other speed characteristics of a car is, paradoxically, replacing the car with another one that is more consistent with the needs of the car enthusiast.

Despite the obvious simplicity of solving the issue of increasing the speed characteristics of a car in this way, not everyone is satisfied with it.

Someone will have an ensuing question about the availability of the required amount of money, someone has become a familiar car “painfully” to change it, and someone just wants to enjoy the process of step-by-step “pumping” of their car.

In any case, if you want to "speed up" your car without completely replacing it, then this article is written for you.

How to increase engine power using an injector control unit?

Now this is the most popular option for increasing the power parameters of a car, assuming that the installed block for changing the injector control pulses gains control over fuel system through the “needles” of the nozzle.

Such an increase in the power of a diesel engine is mounted in the break of the wires that control the fuel injector.

Due to its operation, the signal is delayed, the injection angle changes, and fuel is saved, since the impulse is so short-lived (no more than 0.0002 seconds) that it is blocked (it is simply not perceived by the unit).

Since the pulse changing units do not have their own high-voltage stages that can send a signal, they are not able to broadcast non-basic pulses.

Similar blocks manufactured under brands known to Russian motorists GreenBOX, TUNIT, R-Box, TuningBox, BlueBOX, TBS, Power-Box, can be mounted on all types of diesel engines equipped with an electronic injection complex.

Their use saves fuel. In addition, the cost of the products is more than affordable.

At the same time, the described block for increasing the power of a diesel engine also has a number of disadvantages:

Decrease in the resource of the internal combustion engine, caused by the fact that the device excludes some functions of the fuel supply;

Complex and time-consuming installation;

Increased emission of harmful compounds;

The diesel particulate filter wears out very quickly due to the lack of impulse, which is designed to ensure correct combustion of fuel.

Increasing engine power on high pressure diesel engines

Improving the operation of the engine is achieved by installing a special unit that replaces the modes of operation of the fuel pump (fuel pump). Suitable for some engines equipped with old pumps (manufactured before 2008) under the brand name BOSCHVP 44.

Such installations are characterized by the fact that in them high pressure accumulates in the pump and not in the HP rail.

The increase in the power of the diesel engine is achieved by lowering the values shown by the fuel pressure indicator. And this becomes the cause of an increase in pressure in the pump (in its body).

All the work is performed by a solenoid valve (it is he who controls the pressure). Moreover, it acts outside the nominal modes, which leads to a decrease in the resource of the high-pressure pump.

The described increase in the power of the diesel engine has the following advantages:

Fast installation;

There is no direct impact on the amount of emission of harmful elements;

The resource of the cylinder block is not reduced;

The element base is inexpensive and objectively uncomplicated.

This block, of course, is also not without its drawbacks:

Smoke is recorded from the exhaust pipe (it is called after operational);

The resources of the electromagnetic injector and the high pressure fuel pump are reduced;

The floating engine speed is noted.

How to increase engine power in other ways?

Expensive and complex methods involve internal intervention in the device of the car engine (technical tuning) and require significant time expenditures for execution and a lot of experience of a specialist who performs tuning, as well as very significant financial investments from the customer.

Expensive and sophisticated ways to increase power and torque

At the same time, the difference in the operation of the car engine after the implementation of an expensive technical tuning will be very noticeable, but it will also noticeably affect its motor life.

In the future, repairing a forced engine will be very expensive if you can find performers at all. Costly ways to increase engine power and torque include:

Installation of supercharging on a naturally aspirated engine

This is the most expensive and complicated way of technical tuning of a car, which includes a number of complex measures (selection of a supercharger, forcing the engine, reworking collectors, testing, etc., etc.).

In this case, the supercharging unit can enormously increase both power and torque by significantly increasing the air entering the combustion chamber. There are two types of supercharging: the most common turbocharging (eng. "Turbocharger") and mechanical supercharging (compressor, eng. "Supercharger").

Replacing the engine

Certainly, to increase the power and torque in this way requires a lot of experience of the performer and significant financial costs both for new motor, and for its installation, which implies a number of measures: determining a suitable engine for replacement, finalizing the engine compartment, connecting the electrics, replacing the ECU, and so on.

Forcing

It implies mechanical intervention in the engine device: replacement of certain elements of it (for example, a camshaft, throttle or turbines) for sports, as well as boring the cylinder block, which will lead to an increase in engine volume and, accordingly, to an increase in power and torque.

In addition, the engine will become much more demanding in terms of maintenance.

Budgetary and affordable ways to increase power and torque

There are also less expensive and affordable methods that do not imply technical intervention in the engine device.

The basic principle of such methods is the elimination of restrictions in the operation of the engine, provided by the manufacturer in order to comply with the car's environmental standards, as well as in order to reduce the number of warranty calls to service centers.

The available ways to increase power include:

Chip tuning

Software optimization of engine operation implies changing the factory-set operating parameters of the ECU by various methods: using electronic modules or using manual correction ("firmware") of the control unit program.

Electronic modules have a large number of advantages over the ECU "firmware" service, and negative reviews in their direction, as a rule, are not supported by any facts.

At the same time, the latest electronic modules ProRacing OBD are able to automatically, autonomously and safely increase speed characteristics cars.

Chip tuning is the most effective of budgetary ways increase in power and torque and does not require any technical intervention. In addition, smart chip tuning helps to reduce fuel consumption.

Modification or replacement of the air intake system

This is achieved by installing a filter of zero resistance or by completely replacing standard system intake.

In the first case, the increase in power will be in the range of 2-5% due to a decrease in the resistance of the filtering element to the incoming air flow, in the second case, the increase can be very significant not only due to a decrease in the filter resistance, but also due to an increase in the supply of cold air.

This method deserves a detailed study and requires the correct approach to implementation, otherwise you can seriously harm the engine or simply not feel the result.

Modification or replacement of the exhaust system

For the sake of the environment, as well as to significantly reduce the outgoing noise, the standard exhaust system limits the capabilities of the engine to a certain extent.

Certain measures, such as replacing the catalyst with a flame arrester and removing the particulate filter, will make it easier for the engine to breathe out and provide a certain amount of extra horsepower and newton meters. A more expensive but also more effective way is complete replacement standard exhaust system for sports.

This will not only give a noticeable increase in power and torque, but also level the life of the exhaust system with the life of the car as a whole. sports exhaust systems are made of high quality stainless steel.

Use of quality consumables

Iridium Spark Plugs

This method cannot be called tuning, but this does not mean that it should be neglected. The use of high-quality and expensive consumables, such as engine oil, filters, spark plugs, as well as fuel, directly affect both power and torque.

A separate point can be highlighted the use of expensive iridium or platinum spark plugs, which have a very significant impact on the work. gasoline engines and are able not only to increase power and torque, but also to reduce fuel consumption.

THE BELL