Self-made cars, construction drawings of a sporty design car, such as a "buggy".
Vehicle specifications:
engine layout - rear
suspension - independent for four wheels
dimensions
clearance - 300 (mm)
weight - 350 (kg)
engine volume - 749 (cm³)
motor power - 24 (kW)
gearbox - VAZ-1113
transmission - VAZ-1113
clutch - VAZ-1113
DRAWINGS OF THREE KINDS OF THE PRESENTED MODEL
Structural elements and nodes of the model under consideration:
frame
suspension
steering
bottom
FRAME
Welded, we will make the parts from a seamless steel pipe, the diameter of which is thirty millimeters, and the wall thickness is two point seven tenths of a millimeter. All pipe bends are made using a pipe bender. Small radii can be done by preheating the workpiece with a blowtorch.
The frame design includes the following elements:
security
power
assembly
SUSPENSION
each of the four wheels has two levers, an upper and a lower one. The front wheels can be adjusted for camber and toe. We use shock absorbers and springs from Zhiguli and Oka, which we combine into one block.
FRONT SUSPENSION ARM
UPPER
REAR SUSPENSION ARM
UPPER
FRONT WHEEL
REAR WHEEL
REFINED CAM AND STEERING ARM
STEERING
We use the steering rack and levers from the VAZ-1113. The levers are slightly altered to fit the car's design (slightly turned and straightened).
BOTTOM
It is made of galvanized sheet iron, the thickness of which is 1.2 (mm).
The hood, sides and roof are made of duralumin sheet 1.2 (mm) thick.
LONG DRIVE SHAFT
ENGINE COMPARTMENT
The Ford Sollers plant is located in Naberezhnye Chelny (Republic of Tatarstan). In addition to him, the city is the enterprise "KamAZ". Until 2011, SsangYong and Fiat cars were produced here, and even earlier - "Oka". Now the plant makes Ford EcoSport crossovers, and in 2015 they will add Ford fiesta... There are three Ford Sollers plants in Russia - two more are located in the Alabuga special economic zone and in Vsevolozhsk. The Village visited the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny and learned how cars are assembled there.
Ford Sollers
Location: the city of Naberezhnye Chelny
Employees: 1,200 people
The factory is replete with bright colors: yellow welding guns, blue carts, red monorails, orange balanters and hangers, multi-colored wires. Interestingly, an industrial designer was involved in the design of the space to create a comfortable atmosphere.
Parts for EcoSport are imported from more than ten countries, but now a localization program is actively working, thanks to which the plant has 50 Russian suppliers. By the end of the year, they want to increase the share of Russian components to 40%. However, not all suppliers can cooperate with Ford Sollers: their production system must meet the requirements of Ford.
First, on the lines in the welding shop, individual vehicle units are welded - the engine compartment, front floor, rear floor, underbody and sidewalls. Then the robotic complex forms the body. This process is fully automated. After the geometry is formed, the roof is installed on the body. This is done using a video system. Errors that occur are displayed on the control monitors, and this helps to correct the work.
Every fifth design is checked against quality standards in a geometry measurement laboratory. They find out if everything is cooked correctly. In this room, the air temperature is always kept at +20 degrees to compensate for the seasonal error: the metal tends to shrink in winter and expand in summer. The measurement is carried out at more than 200 points using the mechanical touch method. The permissible deviation from the norm is 1.5 millimeters. The reports with the measurement results go to the welding shop for line correction.
Before painting, the body undergoes preliminary preparation in 11 baths. Here, rinsing, activation, phosphating, cataphoresis priming of the surface, application of anti-noise and suture mastic take place. After that, the body is dried and enters the painting chamber, where robots cover it with secondary primer and colored coating. Currently, there are eight colors in use, but their number may vary depending on the orders of dealers. After the final polishing, the shiny body can continue to move.
Then he goes to the conveyor belt in the assembly shop, which consists of three lines - "Trim", "Chassis" and "Final". First, protective covers, noise insulation, engine compartment, cabling installation of the cabin beam, airbags, brake pipes, pedals, air conditioning, are attached to the body.
IP panel. So that the worker knows which parts to use, a manifest is attached to each machine - a document indicating the type of equipment .
At the second post of the line, doors are removed. Later they will go down to the same car from which they were taken off. Up to this point, they are complemented by a power window, electrical wiring, noise and vibration isolation, a panel, speakers, rear-view mirrors and other parts.
Many women work in the workshop. According to the head of the department, it is they who mainly become foremen. In general, despite the fact that automotive production it is considered to be heavy and time-consuming, back in 1914 half of the functions did not require physical exertion from people and could be performed equally successfully by both men and women.
At some posts, the racks with parts are equipped with burning lanterns, one in each compartment. When a worker picks up a part, he turns off the flashlight to avoid grabbing it again by mistake when assembling the same vehicle. One robot works together with the people in the workshop: it applies glue to glass. Automation of the process avoids the ingress of an excessive amount of sticky mass and prevents leakage.
On the "Chassis" line, the hull moves along the hangers, each of which rises to a certain height - depending on the height of the person who works at each post. Interestingly, the principle of vertical position at work was introduced by Henry Ford exactly 100 years ago: "Raising the working plane to arm height and further fragmentation of working movements ... led to a reduction in working time to 1.33 hours for the chassis," he wrote in his autobiography ... Air conditioner tubes, heat protection, fuel tank, shock absorbers, filters, logos are glued. The bolts on the underbody are marked after each tightening so that the worker knows that he has not only made a profit, but also tightened it. Customers sometimes unknowingly take such markings as a sign of marriage.
An important part of the assembly is the docking of the body with the transmission (at the factory it is called "wedding" or decking). The transmission is powered by automatic shuttles that travel on a floor monorail ring conveyor.
Next comes the installation exhaust system, cardan shaft, the final assembly of mechanical groups takes place using manipulators for an electronic programmable tool. On the "Chassis" line, seats, bumpers, wheels, a spare tire are also installed, steering rack... At the end there is a control post - there they inspect the body before sending it to the "Final". The brake fluid, washer fluid and coolant are poured into the vehicle. After that, the rear tailgate and the front engine compartment are assembled. Headlights and doors are also installed there, and the electronics are checked using a scanner. The controller checks the build quality.
Factory employees check electronic systems cars, wheel alignment angles and headlights. Then the car undergoes a dynamic roll test - it is checked how the engine and gearbox work when accelerating to 110 km / h. At the very end, the door closing speed is tested and paintwork, the vehicle's resistance to leakage is tested. Then the car drives to the test track, where its final check in action takes place. Then the car goes to the finished goods warehouse, after which it is sent to dealers.
Photo: Ivan Gushchin
Are you planning to surprise others with your car? Unfortunately, it is unlikely that it will be possible to do this as a serial model that came off the assembly line of some factory, but vehicle hand made will surely attract the attention of the crowd on the street.
A homemade vehicle can evoke two emotions in those around you - a genuine surprise at your skill, or an open smile at the sight of an invention. If you delve into the issue of assembling your own car, then there will be nothing complicated in the process. The main thing is to learn more about the main parts and assemblies of the car, to understand the features and properties of the vehicle.
Homemade cars in history
The mass production of homemade cars began in the Soviet Union. Then only certain models were released on the market, which could not satisfy all the needs of consumers. As a result, self-taught craftsmen appeared who designed their own cars, in accordance with their desires and financial capabilities.
The assembly of a new car was carried out on the basis of failed cars, on average, by one homemade car three non-working ones were required. Craftsmen filmed everything necessary spare parts, and implemented them in new body... By the way, bodywork was popular in the villages; the old body was specially removed from the car and replaced with a more spacious one.
In addition to functional models, vehicles were created that were simply attractive from an aesthetic point of view, which could not be distinguished from well-known sports factory copies. Such cars were full-fledged road users.
It is worth noting that until the 80s there was no ban on the design and use of homemade vehicles. After the ban appeared, the inventors had to get out, many of them registered a completely different vehicle with the traffic police, and then used their invention.
How to build your own car
Before starting the assembly, it is necessary to draw up a plan for future work, in which you need to indicate what the car will be like, what features and characteristics it will have. If the car will be used in the future, it is necessary to purchase high-quality materials and parts, assemble a reliable frame and an impact-resistant body.
Important! Depending on what kind of vehicle you plan to collect, you will need certain materials. Bolts, wheels and scrap metal in this case are unlikely to be enough.
You can learn about the direct assembly process from the training videos, which are enough on the network.
Drawings of the future car
Imagination and fantasy will help to think through to the smallest detail in your head appearance and the device of the future car, however, in order to implement what was conceived in reality, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the vehicle.
It is better to make two drawings of the car: the first one will show general form, on the second - individual units and parts of the vehicle.
Before starting to create a drawing, you should prepare a pencil, a ruler, a drawing paper and an eraser. First, sketches are made on the sheet. thin lines, which, if necessary, can be easily erased. After all the details are drawn, and the resulting image is completely satisfactory for you - the drawing is outlined with a thick line.
It is not necessary to draw a drawing on a sheet of paper, modern designers are helped by software, which greatly facilitates the process of creating a drawing.
Assembling the car
In the countries of America and Europe, in the past few years, kit-car kits have become popular, which are a set of various parts that allow you to assemble a car with my own hands... Details are universal, so how it turns out finished car, depends entirely on the imagination of the owner of the set.
Many people dream of their own car, but only a few find the strength, inspiration and desire to work hard and painstakingly on creating their own dream car. It is these desperate self-taught people who make the automotive world more interesting, saving it from boredom. conveyor production... It is their creations that sometimes attract the attention of others more than the top models of famous manufacturers.
Today we want to introduce you to the best self-made cars from around the world. Our rating includes really worthy homemade products that can be sent to mass production even today without fear of low demand. Most of the cars in the rating can easily compete with cars large manufacturers, but, unfortunately, they will forever remain in a single copy, delighting the audience except at various auto shows. However, this is what makes them special, inimitable, unique, and allows their owners to feel like heroes who have managed to truly create decent car... So let's get started.
There are only five homemade products in our rating. It could have been more, but we decided to limit ourselves only to cars that have passed all the necessary certification and registered, i.e. all participants in the rating are allowed to ride on public roads without any restrictions. This only confirms their quality and uniqueness, and also speaks of a real opportunity to compete with production cars.
The fifth place was given to the off-road vehicle " Black Raven"Built in Kazakhstan. This unique vehicle, created for hunting in the steppe conditions, has a menacing and at the same time futuristic design. "Black Raven" could have safely appeared in science fiction films or even played the role of an army vehicle, but it is used only by its creator - a modest self-taught engineer from Karaganda.
The exterior of the SUV is really original, a little awkward, but distinctive and brutal. "Black Raven" is a real man's car with a powerful frame chassis, riveted aluminum body panels, multi-eyed optics and all-terrain wheels that are ready to bite into even difficult ground. The "Black Raven" is torn into battle due to a powerful American-made V8 engine, working in conjunction with an automatic transmission and a gearbox from the ZIL-157 located on the rear axle. Excellent driving performance SUVs are guaranteed by a long wheelbase, wide track, mid-engine and gearbox, and independent suspension with torsion bars from armored personnel carriers. All this allows the car to maintain stability during sharp maneuvers even at a speed of about 100 km / h and easily overcome pits and bumps encountered on the way.
The unique home-made salon is designed for two passengers. The equipment of the jeep includes LED brake lights and turn signals, an electric drive of the front windows, an electric drive of the hood and a unique self-retriever with a chain drive, mounted in the bottom. As for the price, then approximate cost"Black Crow" is about 1,500,000 rubles.
Move on. On the fourth line we have the first ever Cambodian car- "". Oddly enough, it was created not by a state or private car company, but by a simple mechanic Nhin Feloek, who decided that at 52 it was time to get his own car.
Angkor 333 is a very compact two-seater roadster with a very modern interior and quite attractive design, especially for a poor Asian country.
The Cambodian home-made has received a body with streamlined shapes, stylish optics and modern aerodynamic elements. Moreover, the Angkor 333 is a hybrid vehicle equipped with a traction electric motor, a 3-speed automatic transmission and a 45-horsepower petrol unit designed for recharging. battery... Surprisingly, a homemade roadster can accelerate to 120 km / h and cover about 100 km on a single battery charge. In addition, the equipment of the Angkor 333 includes a touchscreen display that acts as a dashboard, and the doors are opened by means of a special magnetic plastic card. Even most production cars do not have such functions, so the development of a talented mechanic is worthy of respect.
The first Angkor 333 was built in 2003. In 2006, the creator presented the second generation of his brainchild, and in 2010, he saw the light of a modified third-generation car, which to this day is manually assembled in small batches to order in Nkhin Feloek's garage, providing the retired mechanic with a comfortable old age. Unfortunately, nothing is known about the cost of the roadster.
The third place in our rating is occupied by the car, which is most often called "". This impressive SUV was created by Vyacheslav Zolotukhin from Krasnokamensk, Trans-Baikal Territory. The homemade product is based on a modified GAZ-66 chassis, supplemented by reworked shock absorbers from KAMAZ, front split hubs and power steering from a Hino truck.
The Mega Cruiser Russia is driven by an atmospheric 7.5-liter Hino h07D diesel engine, which, in the process of revision, received a KAMAZ air cleaning system. The motor is assisted by a 6-speed manual transmission and a transfer case from the GAZ-66, in which all bearings were replaced with imported ones. The homemade product has a full drive, with the ability to block the bridges, in which the main pairs have been replaced, which made it possible to achieve a smooth ride on paved roads.
The Mega Cruiser Russia body is metal, prefabricated, attached to the frame through 12 shock-absorbing supports. The "living area" is a redesigned cab of the Isuzu Elf truck, to which is also attached a redesigned "rear" of the Noah minivan. The front part of the body consists of modernized fenders from the GAZ-3307, a hood of its own design and a radiator grill, molded from several copies of the Land grille Cruiser prado... The bumpers of the homemade metal, of our own design, and wheel disks“Riveted” from GAZ-66 wheels, which made it possible to install rubber from the army jeep “TIGER”.
If you look into the cabin, you will see 6 seats, a lot of free space, a right-hand drive, a rather nice interior and a comfortable driver's seat with excellent visibility in all directions.
Mega Cruiser Russia is equipped with a 150-liter gas tank, a gyroscope, a 6-ton electric winch, an audio system and even a spoiler. According to the author of the homemade product, the SUV is capable of accelerating to 120 km / h, its weight is 3800 kg, and the average fuel consumption is 15 liters on the highway and about 18 liters off-road. Last year, Mega Cruiser Russia was put up for sale by its creator at a price of 3,600,000 rubles.
The second line of our rating of homemade products is occupied by another unique SUV, this time from Ukraine. We are talking about a car " Buffalo", Also built on the basis of the GAZ-66. Its author is Alexander Chuvpilin from Bila Tserkva, Kiev region.
"Bison" received a more modern and more aerodynamic look, the originality of which is emphasized, first of all, by the front part of the body. The creator borrowed most of the body panels from the VW Passat 64, but some elements had to be made independently.
Under the hood of the Ukrainian homemade product is a 4.0-liter turbo diesel with a return of 137 hp, borrowed from the Chinese DongFeng DF-40 truck. He also gave "Bison" a 5-speed mechanical box gear. Together, the Chinese units provided the home-made SUV with the ability to accelerate to 120 kph with an average fuel consumption of 15 liters per 100 km. Permanent drive the "Bizon" has a rear one, with the possibility of connecting the front axle, locking the differential and using a lower gear.
The car is able to overcome a ford up to 1.2 meters deep, and is also equipped with a tire pressure control system with an additional outlet for domestic needs: pumping boats, using a pneumatic jack or pneumatic tools, etc.
The body of the "Bizon", planted on 12 supports, is reinforced with numerous stiffeners and a frame frame, and the roof of the SUV is made of 2 mm thick metal, which made it possible to place a folding tent on it for the night. One of the features of the Bizon is the nine-seat layout of the cabin (3 + 4 + 2), while the two rear seats, which can be rotated in any direction, can be retracted, allowing to increase the free space of the luggage compartment. In general, "Bizon" has a comfortable and spacious interior with high-quality finishes, comfortable seats and a front panel with two glove compartments.
Among the numerous equipment installed on the "Bison", we will single out the presence of a power steering, a double amplifier brake system, rear view cameras, GPS navigator, electric winch, special headlights reverse and a retractable footrest for back door... Alexander Chuvpilin spent about 15,000 dollars on the creation of Bizon.
Well, it remains only to name the winner, which, of course, could only be a sports car, because every motorist dreams of a racing car. A simple self-taught person without technical education, a Chelyabinsk resident Sergey Vladimirovich Ivantsov, also dreamed of it, having conceived the construction of his own sports car back in 1983. A car with an unpretentious name " ISV", Consisting of the initials of the creator, was built for about 20 years and for this long way managed to survive two prototypes, sculpted on a 1: 1 scale, first from window putty, and then from plasticine. At the same time, according to the creator, he did everything "by eye", dispensing with drawings and calculations.
From a plasticine model, Sergey sculpted plaster casts of parts of the future body, after which he painstakingly glued them out of fiberglass and epoxy resin. It is worth mentioning separately that the creator of this masterpiece is allergic to epoxy resin, and therefore he had to work in an army gas mask, sometimes spending 6-8 hours in it. What can I say, the persistence with which he walked towards his dream deserves respect, and the result of his work is impressive not only for ordinary onlookers, but also for seasoned experts in the automotive industry. In terms of design, the homemade ISV is ready to compete with many currently produced sports cars, and the final concept of a sports car was conceived 15 years ago. As Sergey himself admitted, he drew inspiration from the Lamborghini Countach, but if you look closely, you can catch notes of Aston Martin, Maserati, and even Bugatti in the ISV's appearance.
The ISV is based on a spatial welded frame made of square tubes, and the entire chassis and suspension are borrowed with minor modifications from the Niva. ISV's drive, as it should be good sports car, only back. As for the engine, initially the homemade product received a modest engine from the "classics", but then it gave way to a 4-cylinder 1.8-liter engine with 113 hp. from the BMW 318, paired with a 4-speed "automatic". Unfortunately, due to his great love for his brainchild, Sergei never loaded the ISV at full capacity, so we will probably never know the true speed capabilities of the car. The author of the sports car himself drives quite accurately and does not accelerate more than 140 km / h.
Let's take a look at the ISV salon. Here is a classic sports car 2-seater layout with an interior that is maximally sharpened for the convenience of the driver. And this is not surprising, because the salon was made by hand, it was repeatedly modified and altered. Here, as well as on the exterior, you can see a concept of interior design worthy of a sports car, some details of which also resemble the style of cars of famous manufacturers. The ISV has a removable roof, guillotine doors, air conditioning, power steering, stylish Audi dashboard and audio system.
It's hard to talk about the price of an ISV. The creator himself considers his car invaluable and, according to some sources, once refused to sell it for 100,000 euros.
That's all, we introduced you to the most interesting and high-quality home-made cars of recent times, approved for use on public roads. Each of them is unique, original and interesting in its own way. But all together they, of course, left their bright mark on the history of the world automobile industry and gave a sea of positive emotions not only to their creators, but also to numerous visitors to various automobile exhibitions and shows. We hope that the number of fans of creating masterpiece cars in their garage will only grow, which means that we will have reasons for new ratings.
Some car enthusiasts are categorically not satisfied with the cars produced official manufacturers... And then they decide to create homemade cars that will fully satisfy all the individual wishes of the owner. And today we will tell you about 10 of the most unusual such vehicles.
Black Raven - homemade SUV from Kazakhstan
The Black Raven is the perfect vehicle for the Kazakh steppe. It is fast, powerful and undemanding to use. This unusual SUV was built from scratch by an enthusiast from the city of Karaganda.
The black raven has a 5-liter engine with a capacity of 170 Horse power, thanks to which the car can accelerate to a speed of 90 kilometers per hour when driving over rough terrain and off-road.
Angkor 333 - homemade electric car from Cambodia
The Angkor 333 is the first all-electric car built in the Kingdom of Cambodia. It's amazing that this car is not the result of the development of the auto industry in the country, but a private project of one person - a humble mechanic from Phnom Penh.
Author Angkor 333 dreams of opening his own factory in the future to mass produce both electrical and petrol options this car.
Homemade Batmobile from Shanghai
Fans of Batman films from all over the world dream of the Batmobile - a delightful superhero car design with many different functions that are not available in regular production cars.
And engineer Li Weilei from Shanghai decided to realize this dream with his own hands. He created a real Batmobile, as if descended from the screens of cinemas. At the same time, the Chinese spent less than 10 thousand dollars on the construction of this machine.
The Shanghai Batmobile certainly lacks ten different kinds weapons and does not travel at a speed of 500 kilometers per hour, but in appearance it exactly repeats the Batman car shown in the latest films about this hero.
Homemade car for racing Formula 1
A real Formula 1 racing car costs a lot of money - over a million dollars. So there are no such cars in private ownership. At least their official versions. But craftsmen from all over the world create copies of racing cars with their own hands.
One such enthusiast is Bosnian engineer Miso Kuzmanovic, who spent 25,000 euros to create a Formula 1 street car. The result is an incredibly beautiful 150 horsepower car that can accelerate to 250 kilometers per hour.
Driving this red car through the streets of his city, Kuzmanovic received the nickname "Bosnian Schumacher".
Old Guo is a homemade car for $ 500
The Chinese farmer Old Guo was fond of mechanics since childhood, but he worked as a farmer all his life. However, after the fiftieth anniversary, he decided to follow his dream and began to develop a car of his own production, which was named in honor of the inventor - Old Guo.
The Old Guo is a compact Lamborghini designed for a children's audience. But this is not a toy car, but real car with electric motor, which can travel up to 60 kilometers on a single battery charge.
At the same time, the cost of one copy of Old Guo is 5,000 yuan (just under 500 US dollars).
Bizon - a homemade SUV from Kiev
Kiev resident Alexander Chupilin together with his son for a year collected from spare parts from other cars, as well as original parts their own SUV, which they called Bizon. Ukrainian enthusiasts have huge car with a 4.0-liter engine producing 137 horsepower
Bizon can accelerate to a speed of 120 kilometers per hour. Fuel consumption in mixed mode for this car is 15 liters per 100 km. The interior of the SUV has three rows of seats, which can accommodate nine people.
Also of interest is the roof of the Bizon car, which has a built-in folding tent for spending the night in the field.
Super Awesome Micro Project - a self-made air car from LEGO
The LEGO construction set is such a versatile material that even a completely working car can be constructed from it. At least two enthusiasts from Australia and Romania have succeeded in creating an initiative called the Super Awesome Micro Project.
As part of it, they built a car from the LEGO designer, which can move thanks to a 256-piston air motor, while accelerating to a speed of 28 kilometers per hour.
The cost of creating this car was just over $ 1,000, of which most of the money was spent on the purchase of more than half a million LEGO parts.
Homemade student car on hydrogen fuel
Every year Shell organizes special races among alternative fuel vehicles. And in 2012, this competition was won by a machine built by a group of students from Aston University in Birmingham.
The students built a machine out of plywood and cardboard, which is powered by a hydrogen engine that generates water vapor instead of exhaust gases.
Homemade Rolls royce Phantom from Kazakhstan
A separate area of creating homemade cars is the construction of cheap copies of expensive and famous machines... For example, 24-year-old Kazakh engineer Ruslan Mukanov built a visual copy of the legendary Rolls Royce Phantom limousine.
While prices for a real Rolls Royce Phantom start at half a million euros, Mukanov managed to build himself a car in just three thousand. Moreover, his car is visually almost indistinguishable from the original car.
True, this car looks very unusual on the streets of the provincial Kazakh Shakhtinsk.
Upside Down Camaro - car upside down
Most homemade car makers are driven by the drive to improve the visual and technical dimension of production vehicles. American racer and engineer SpeedyCop started from opposite principles. He wanted to degrade the appearance of his car, turning it into something incredibly funny. And so the car with the name Upside Down Camaro appeared.
The Upside Down Camaro is a 1999 Chevrolet Camaro with an upside-down body. The car was created for the parody 24 Hours of LeMons, in which only cars worth less than $ 500 are allowed.
