New homemade mini tractor detailed description. Homemade mini tractors for the household. Search for necessary spare parts and assembly of the structure

This article will describe the process of making a homemade mini-tractor with your own hands (at the end of the article, a video is provided), talked about the types of this agricultural technique, the benefits of using.

The area of agricultural activity for many of us has associations with soil cultivation. But in order to grow any vegetables, fruits, berries, it is necessary not only to plow the land and fertilize it, but also to constantly water and get rid of weeds. A mini tractor will be an excellent assistant in solving such problems. This agricultural technique greatly simplifies the work.

Although the mini tractor is small in size, it copes with the tasks set successfully: plowing the soil cover, loosening it, mowing grassy vegetation and other various works that have a connection with the cultivation of the land for planting different plants.

Large enterprises that are engaged in agricultural activities use mini tractors of domestic production. How to be an ordinary farmer? Due to limited funds, private farmers can use self-made agricultural technology.

Views

In total, there are three types of this agricultural technique:

A technique that has many functions, capable of performing a variety of work, for example, tillage, mowing grassy vegetation, disposal of garbage, and the like. These mini tractors are equipped with a motor having an average power - this will be acceptable for processing approximately six hectares of land. Also, tractors can be equipped with mounted-type devices, which will help to increase a number of tasks.
Tractors whose task is only to mow the grass and get rid of debris. This machine able to handle only two hectares of land. This type is especially often used for lawn mowing.
Rider. This is the last type of mini tractor. The main task of this agricultural technique is to fertilize the soil and introduce minerals. When equipped with additional equipment, it can also be used for soil treatment. However, the area of the cultivated area in this case will be small.

Advantages and disadvantages

It should be noted right away that the data homemade cars used mainly by private farmers. The main advantages of DIY mini tractors:

Excellent deep processing of the land. If the soil to be cultivated is rocky, it is very difficult to physically cultivate it by hand. Therefore, a mini-tractor in this case is indispensable, which will cope with the task in a short period of time;
This agricultural technique is very convenient to use on small plots for processing huge fields (more than ten hectares), only an ordinary standard tractor is suitable.
Overall low cost. A DIY mini tractor can save you a decent amount of money. At the same time, all expenses will include financial resources spent on necessary materials, for the construction of agricultural machinery. Also, additional costs for repair work are not required;
The mini tractor can be equipped with additional devices, thereby you can increase the number of functions of this machine. The structure does not have a huge weight.

A homemade unit also has a number of disadvantages:

An owner who wants to make a mini-tractor on his own will have to look for materials himself, and this is a rather lengthy process;
Some rare component may be used to assemble it can be very difficult to find. However, materials are used for assembly that are very easy to find on the market, and they can be easily replaced in case of breakdown;
For a hand-made tractor, you need to get a permit to drive on the roads of the city, otherwise you can get a serious fine.

But these are not such serious disadvantages, there are more advantages and they are more significant.

Assembly guide

Observe a certain algorithm of actions for assembling this agricultural technique:

At the very beginning, you need to make a frame. For this, a steel channel is used. Also, the general structure must include quick-detachable load-gripping devices (traverses). The traverses should be at the front and rear. The main power elements (spars) should also be located. To make the frame, you need to slightly reduce the width of the front part in size. After that, it will become possible to make a part in the shape of a trapezoid. Do not forget to make a small hole in the frame - this will help to fix other devices in the future;
Next, the racks are used, which must be welded to the corners. The role of the uprights is to create a subframe. Additionally, they must be combined at the top of the structure. Then the unit of the wheeled vehicle (rear axle) must be attached to the frame;

Then comes the installation of the motor. The motor must have sufficient power. For installation the engine will fit an ordinary motorcycle;
The gearbox is mounted on the frame. It should be in the direction of the driver. In the future, this will help to easily operate the tractor;
Steering creation. A steering wheel taken from passenger car mobiles of domestic production. In extreme cases, you can use the steering wheel of a motorcycle;
Installation of the towing hitch. It is designed for a trailer.
Brake creation. Then the electrical system is connected.

If you are engaged in a small farm, equipment such as a mini tractor is necessary for you. With it, you can complete a ton of daily agricultural tasks in a short amount of time.

Making a mini tractor with your own hands is not difficult. Of course, you need to have some knowledge. You can purchase them while watching the video:

Many summer residents want to know how to make a homemade all-wheel drive mini tractor with their own hands. It should be understood that work related to the economy can be carried out much faster by using equipment that does not large sizes... Such works include hay harvesting, transportation, tillage and others.

For these purposes, you can buy a small structure or build it yourself, saving a considerable amount of money. The choice must be made based on financial capabilities.

Such equipment does not differ in significant dimensions, however, its power and productivity is sufficient for the transportation of almost any cargo and tillage on its own territory.

The first step is to understand the device of such a design. This will allow you to determine the correct location of the main components (engine, transmission, control mechanisms, chassis, etc.).

Next, you will need to calculate the costs of purchasing and installing the main units, as well as additional mounted and trailed parts. The number of elements will depend on what kind of work is planned to be performed using a homemade mini tractor. Further, it will be possible to search for the necessary working mechanisms and assemble them into a single structure.

Walk-behind tractor device

A home-made 4x2 m mini-tractor based on a small-sized walk-behind tractor has good functionality. Almost every summer resident wants to learn how to make a homemade mini tractor with his own hands. It is worth knowing that it is imperative to prepare the following elements:

Frame made of shaped pipes or metal corners.
Wheels.
Traction.
Hubs.
Signal lights.
The driver's seat is small.

Mini tractor for household with your own hands, you can additionally provide a hydraulic hitch. As a result, it will be possible to use various attachments in order to carry out excavation and other work.

Homemade mini-tractor and it is easy to build everything for it. When all the necessary parts are prepared, you can proceed to the assembly process. To do this, you will need to prepare such tools: a hammer, a wrench, an electric drill and a welding device. It will be possible to assemble a homemade all-wheel drive mini-tractor with an electric motor in a few days.

What should be considered when constructing a tractor from a walk-behind tractor?

Figure 1. Drawing of a homemade mini tractor.

The most difficult thing is to make a body with your own hands at home and attach it to a walk-behind tractor. To correctly make a mini tractor with your own hands, you will need to use ready-made diagrams and drawings that were developed by professionals with extensive experience.

Only in this case it will be possible to correctly make an all-wheel drive mini-tractor and connect all the main parts. It is also recommended to look at the reviews of homemade mini tractors.

You will also need to develop a detailed kinematic diagram. Care should be taken to ensure that the load on the drive axle is evenly distributed during the transfer of torque from the engine to the wheels of the device.

Drawings of homemade mini tractors of this type will help in the work. Rice. 1.

On next step you can start assembling the main units. In order to create a safe environment for the use of the structure, it is recommended to pay special attention to the placement of the braking system and the gear lever.

When these works are completed, you will need to equip the driver's workspace.

Homemade mini tractors from the walk-behind tractor are easily controlled. They are small in size, so they can be used on uneven terrain, near buildings and inside industrial buildings.

What parts can be used to build a tractor?

A similar structure can be built from unused devices from old cars that were produced by the domestic industry.

The structure can be equipped with a large number of towing and attachments. That is why the walk-behind tractor is a universal assistant in the home garden. This element can be used for plowing, cultivation and other works that are related to land cultivation and plant care.

The tractor can also be operated together with a wagon with one axle. This will allow you to transport various items, large amounts of debris, soil or sand. To do this, you need to make a small modification to the tractor. The driver will then be seated on a spring seat at the front of the bogie.

The main parts of a homemade tractor of this type are as follows:

electric motor VP-150M;
transmission;
power take-off device;
running gear;
control device;
trailed mechanism.

The elements are placed on a square frame, which can be built from a channel. It is recommended to use the VP-150M electric motor from domestic scooters as a walk-behind tractor. Analogs with a capacity of 5.5 kW can also be used. The engine must be single-cylinder.

The advantage is that this model has an integrated gearbox, clutch and is supplied with electronic ignition... The device is supplied with a centrifugal fan. This is a great advantage, as other electric motors will need to be constantly cooled by various methods.

In this case, the torque is transmitted to the gearbox using a helical pair of gears. The gearbox must be three-stage, with continuous mesh gears. The electric motor and gearbox must be in the same monoblock. In this case, special requirements for use and maintenance there will be no electric motor and gearbox.

Nuances to consider when choosing parts

The transmission of the walk-behind tractor must be mechanical. The structure should consist of a standard differential, countershaft, gears and wheel restraints.

An intermediate shaft will be required for power take-off and attachments. The torque will be transmitted from the electric motor to the intermediate shaft using a chain with a pitch of 12 mm. After that, torque will be transmitted to the differential using a chain with a 15.5 mm pitch. The track should be approximately 700 mm.

The intermediate shaft can be made from 40 steel and then mounted in ball bearings. In this case, you can use ordinary flanged bodies, which are supplied with agricultural machines.

After that, you will need to fix the transmission cover to the side cheeks.

The diameter of the seats is determined based on the dimensions of the sprocket hubs. The length will depend on the width of the transmission cover.

In this case, it is important to leave a small margin for mounting a drive pulley with a diameter of 10-12 cm on the right side.

Construction principles

The easiest way to weld the walk-behind tractor is from metal profiles. For longitudinal side members, channel No. 6 is suitable, for transverse ones - No. 8. In the lower part, the bearings of the axle shafts must be attached to the horizontal frame side members and to the brackets using small bolts. You will need to install 2 bearings on each axle. The housings fit standard - they can be removed from agricultural machines.

If the engine is located in front, the track width is determined by the base wheels of the walk-behind tractor. When the engine is placed in the rear, the track width must be increased, otherwise the device will not receive the necessary balancing.

Speaking about how to make a mini-tractor with your own hands, you should know that the installation of elements on the brackets should be done with great care.

It is imperative to observe the alignment of the wheels and the perpendicularity of the axle shafts in relation to the longitudinal axis of the frame. As a result, it will be possible to correctly mark the grooves for fixing the housings with bearings, and then put the elements on the axle, which in the future will need to be cut into 2 axle shafts.

If the housings are correctly installed, the mandrel in the bearing can easily rotate. At the next stage, you will need to weld metal corners of 25x25 mm to the frame. After that, a casing is screwed to them, which is made of a metal sheet with a thickness of 4-5 mm.

This part will be used as the basis for the intermediate shaft and controls. The rear of the casing should be fitted with a removable cap and the front with a fuel tank fixing bracket.

The front part of the frame from the inside must be equipped with metal corners, which are fixed by welding. These elements can be used as brackets for electric motor with a small fan.

The axles must be made of high quality metal. The dimensions of these elements are adjusted based on which bearings are available. The dimensions of the wheel hubs should also be taken into account. Several couplings will need to be fitted on the axle.

The right sleeve should move easily around the square. Using a lever that is mounted on the control bar, the clutch can be brought into engagement with the element located on the left side of the structure. As a result, it will be possible to provide a rigid connection of the axles and blocking of the wheels.

Care should be taken to rotate the traverse 180 °. In this case, it will be convenient to control the walk-behind tractor during all the work.

Mini-tractor attachments that you can make yourself

As mentioned earlier, a home-made four-wheel drive mini tractor and everything for it can be made with your own hands from "Moskvich". In order to be able to quickly water a large area in a village, you can make a special device that is attached to a mini-tractor.

Thanks to this element, a homemade mini-tractor in the village can be used not only for irrigation, but also for various works related to land cultivation.

The product is being developed on the basis of the UD-2 electric motor. The frame of the structure is welded from tubes with a diameter of 40 mm. To increase the rigidity of the structure, it is necessary to fix 35x35 mm metal corners in the side parts. Rear axle and cardan transmission fit from a Skoda car. These elements will definitely need to be cut, and then adjusted according to the scheme. The gearbox is also suitable from this car... Analogs can also be used, but there should be several speeds for moving forward and one for moving backward. The front axle can be built with your own hands from a 40 mm tube. The rods are suitable from a motorized carriage, and the steering column is from domestically produced cars.

The brake system must be taken hydraulic, the brake cylinder is suitable for the car "Volga". The gas tank can be taken from the grain loader. The driver's seat fits from a beet harvester but will need to be slightly redesigned. The wheels fit from the rake of an ordinary tractor.

As a result, you can get a full-fledged device. On the front of the frame, you will need to place an irrigation unit, which consists of a pumping structure that supplies hydraulic system tractor MT3-5. The element will function from the drive of the electric motor.

It is imperative to place a liquid tank with a capacity of at least 200 liters on the frame. During operation, the pumping structure will pump water, and then supply it through a long hose. In this way, it will be possible to water the soil within a radius of about 10 m.

Conclusion

Making a mini-tractor at home is not particularly difficult, the process takes several days. A device of this type can be made even by a person without work experience, however, all the necessary elements should be prepared.

Manual work in a home garden takes a lot of time and effort. Plowing the land, hilling potatoes, transporting goods - all this is hard physical labor that little ones can make it easier. Having experience in plumbing and welding, you can make a mini tractor with your own hands.

Parameter selection

The type of activity for which the technique is intended determines the parameters of the future machine. The dimensions of a homemade minitractor will depend on the track width, the size of the units and transmission elements, and the engine power is related to such characteristics as the severity of the cargo transported, the type of soil, the number of plows used. Therefore, before starting the construction of a tractor for a household with your own hands, you need to decide on the following:

Dimensions. Maneuverability and the ability to work in small areas depend on them.
Engine power and type. Diesel engines are more suitable for such equipment due to good traction on low revs... Diesel 25% more economical gasoline engine at the same power. It is more unpretentious and durable.
The equipment used will depend on the power of the engine, the torque at the driving wheels, the height ground clearance... If the technique will be used in winter period, then it is necessary to provide for the attachment of the blade for clearing snow.
PTO availability. It is needed to connect a potato digger, a mower, an irrigation system pump.

What drawings will be needed

In order to have a clear plan for working on a project for the construction of a mini tractor, you will need its drawing or sketch. They are compiled based on the required parameters and those assembly units that need to be installed.

Assembling the tractor at home comes from the assemblies of motorcycles, motoblocks and used cars. Therefore, the drawings are drawn up on the basis of those units that are available.

First, a diagram is drawn on which the engine, gearbox, transfer case, chassis. These assembly units are lined up according to their design features and sizes. A kinematic diagram of the transmission of torque from the engine to the driving wheels is drawn up. Then the drawing displays the design features:

frame dimensions;
material;
attachment points for units, suspension;
elements reinforcing the structure.

The rest of the drawings are not as important as the frame drawing because they are constantly revised during manufacture.

How to make a homemade mini tractor

The simplest option to make a mini tractor with your own hands is to remake a used walk-behind tractor. It has almost everything you need to build:

engine;
clutch;
Transmission;
tractor wheels with semi-axles.

The frame from the walk-behind tractor can be used as a fragment of the mini tractor frame. There are mountings for the engine and gearbox. The assembly must be done in the following sequence:

Weld a frame with all fasteners from rolled metal.
Install the rear and front axles.
Secure the engine and transmission components.
Collect steering.
Anchor fuel tank, driver's seat, protective covers.
Weld the attachment attachment device.
Carry out electrical equipment and install lighting devices.

You can take as a basis. It does not require a powerful frame to convert it. A square pipe with a cross section of 100 mm is enough. On the one hand, the cultivator itself is attached, and on the other, the steering with a pedal assembly is installed. The throttle and clutch control cables are connected to the pedals. A driver's seat is installed in the middle of the structure. A hitch is brewed in the back.

Frame for a homemade mini tractor

The movement of the minitractor occurs off-road, therefore, power frames tend to experience torsional loads. A channel, corner or square tube is best suited for them. The size of the frame will depend on the dimensions of the units and the magnitude of the load.

Working in a summer cottage or a small farm constantly requires a lot of effort on the part of the owner. Land cultivation, hay, garbage, snow removal, delivery and application of fertilizers to the soil. Doing this by hand can be an overwhelming burden.

A small tractor can make the task easier. In addition, making a mini tractor with your own hands is as easy as shelling pears if you have experience in working with equipment.

1 Advantages of a homemade mini tractor

It is quite simple to make the main units of a homemade mini-tractor with your own hands. In addition, the cost of such a procedure, with the necessary parts, is much lower than buying a factory version.

Most often, the units are taken from old (broken) home appliances, and the remaining components are bought in addition. If the farm already has other small-sized equipment, for example, a walk-behind tractor, the task is simplified even more. Therefore, economy is the main advantage.

Also, the advantages of this technique include the ability to customize the dimensions and combine units for your homemade mini tractor. The standard factory equipment excludes this possibility.

As for the disadvantages, here we can highlight:

the complexity of developing the correct drawing;
maintained condition of most parts;
problems in the functioning of the machine, in the case of a lack of skills in manufacturing.

2 What does a homemade mini tractor consist of?

The first thing to do before assembling any equipment is to determine what nodes it consists of. The simplest device a small tractor includes the following components:

engine (it can act as an engine);
a solid power frame on which all other units are attached;
hydraulic braking system;
assembly with brake discs;
undercarriage, including wheel axles and wheels (also a suspension or a mechanism that replaces it);
mechanism for attaching attachments with the possibility of lifting;
steering column;
comfortable chair for the operator;
rear and front lights.

Each of the listed nodes should be assembled on the basis of a clear general drawing, so as not to disturb the proportions of the machine.

2.1 Which engine to choose?

As a power unit, you can select a variety of options. You can make a small tractor with a zid engine. The single-cylinder four-stroke engine with a volume of 4.5 liters is quite suitable for cultivating land up to 2-3 hectares. Such an engine was originally intended for homemade cars, is very easy to maintain and can be easily found on the Internet.

If there is an old Zaporozhets available, then power unit from him is the best fit for homemade tractor.

A machine with a ZAZ engine has a capacity of up to 40-50 Horse power(depending on the type of engine). Moreover, if the transmission on the machine also works, it is installed on the frame together with the engine.

If you select the most optimal one for a homemade tractor, then it is better to make a car with an ud 2 engine. Like the power unit zid, ud 2 was developed by the Ulyanovsk plant specially for homemade cars for agricultural needs. The power of such an engine is only 4 liters. with. But for processing a small field, it is quite enough. Moreover, it is very easy to repair.

If the home craftsman has one, then the task is simplified even more. In this case, not only a power device is installed on a homemade mini-tractor, but also a front axle with brakes and clutch, part of the frame and steering.

2.2 What to make the frame of a homemade mini tractor?

Before making a power frame, you need to decide on its type. Many craftsmen make tractors with a breaking frame. This type is an assembly of two halves connected by means of a movable link. The breakable frame allows for a smaller turning radius, which makes it easier to work on small plots of land and near buildings.

To make such a frame, you need iron corners or channels with marking 8. In this case, the front half-frame should be slightly longer. Recommended dimensions - 900 x 360 mm. The back of the frame is assembled to size 680 by 360.

After assembling the frame, two pipes with a square cross section are boiled across to the front part. This is an engine stand. All other supports and corners are installed based on the intended design. It is desirable to weld the elements. Ordinary bolts may not be able to withstand the load.

Two forks and a hinge will be used as a connection between the half-frames. For the hinge, bearings and a trunnion are taken from a KamAZ car. Such a gimbal will allow the rear half to move not only horizontally, but also vertically. At the rear, a plate is welded to the frame for a hitch.

If it was decided to make a cast frame, two half-frames are welded with additional channels.

2.3 How to make a chassis for a mini tractor with your own hands?

First of all, bridges are being installed. To install them on the frame, vertical posts are welded, reinforced with corners. It is best if the homemade front beam on the mini tractor is of the same type as the rear one. In this case, there will be no need to select a subordinate number, which is practically impossible without proper experience.

If the frame does not break, the easiest way is to take undercarriage from the Zhiguli. Having slightly corrected it in size, we immediately install it on the frame. In this case, you do not have to separately look for a gearbox for a mini tractor. It is already installed on the rear axle.

If the frame is broken, it is better to use a different scheme. In this case, the front axle for a mini tractor is best made from a cast rod, with a diameter of at least 50 mm. In the middle, a hinge is fixed using a semi-cylindrical lining, which will be responsible for the floating movement of the bridge on bumpy areas. At the edges of such a beam, ears for pivots are installed.

KAMAZ pins with axles on the hub are fixed on the ears with the help of pins. On them .

If you wish, you can make hydraulics for a mini tractor with your own hands and at home. In this case, hydraulic motors are taken from any brand of machine. Additional pockets on the frame are required to install them on the frame. You can make them with steel corners. The motors are fixed to the frame with strong bolts. Pockets with hydraulic motors are installed near the drive axle. Each engine is designed to rotate one of the rear wheels.

To organize the exact direction and speed of rotation over the axis is set. An oil tank is installed in the front, next to the main engine. He must maintain optimal pressure. A special bushing is installed in the middle of the system, which will be responsible for swinging front axle... A standard spool is fixed to drain the oil.

The hydraulics will also allow you to work with additional attachments, automating it.

2.4

The hinge is used to connect with additional equipment... In addition, a special power take-off mechanism allows you to automate the operation of equipment such as or.

The most reliable option is the three-point homemade one. Do-it-yourself hitch on a mini-tractor consists of two rods that can be taken from any passenger car... The rods are attached to the plate prepared in advance with one side, and to attachments another. The third attachment point will be an additional thrust and a hydraulic motor drive, which will transmit torque to the implements of the attachment.

In order for everything to move normally, it is better to fix a movable rod with diameters of 40-50 mm to the plate, and already attach the linkage rods to it.

2.5 How to correctly install the brakes and clutch

The brakes are installed on the rear drive wheels. Most the best option here will take the factory version from the UAZ. The brake pads are installed on the discs, and the control is output to the corresponding pedal inside the cab. If necessary, you can make the brake manual, under the lever.

If you make a clutch, then a standard belt type is suitable for a mini tractor. Most simple option is to take the finished mechanism. A clutch with an UAZ or Moskvich will do. With a low engine power, the belt traction of the walk-behind tractor will be enough. The tube that presses on the belt is attached to the frame by means of a spring that clings to an eyelet welded in the middle. The other end is welded to the pedal by means of a lever.

2.6 Steering column and driver's seat

The steering of a homemade mini tractor is best taken from Moskvich. The only feature of such a mechanism is that in the standard version it turns in the opposite direction. Therefore, instead of Moskvich rods, rods from Zhiguli are installed, and hubs from Zaporozhets. A special steel lever, which is installed between the rods and the column, puts the system in the right direction.

As for the driver's seat, it is installed on a pair of vertical corners welded to the frame or on rectangular structures made of square tubes. To reduce vibrations during operation, the seat can also be installed on steel shock absorbers with additional fixation by rods.

For convenience, a homemade cabin for a mini tractor is easily made from thin sheet steel or tin.