The car's suspension consists of four longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, working in conjunction with hydraulic telescopic double-acting shock absorbers (Fig. 194, 195).
Fig. 194. Front suspension of cars of the UAZ-31512 family:
1-front bracket; 2-frame; 3-buffer; 4-pad; 5-shock absorber bracket; 6-shock absorber; 7-rear bracket; 8 rubber grommets; 9-outer cheek earring; 10-inner cheek earring; 11-step ladder; 12-lining; 13-spring; 14-washer; 15-spring sleeve; 16-axle leaf springs
Fig. 195. Front suspension of cars of the UAZ-3741 family:
1-front spring bracket; 2-frame; 3-spring; 4-pad; 5-buffer; 6-lining buffer; 7-shock absorber; 8-shock absorber bracket; 9-rear spring bracket; 10-rubber pad; 11-bracket cover; 12-finger shock absorber; 13 rubber grommets; 14-lining; 15-tie bolt; 16-step ladder; 17-clamps
Front springs of cars of the UA3-31512 family consist of 8 sheets, rear springs - of 7 or 9 sheets, depending on the configuration.
Front and rear springs of cars of the UAZ-3741 family are the same and interchangeable, they consist of 13 sheets. The fastening of the front and rear springs is the same.
For individual vehicles of the UAZ-31512 family (including all UAZ-3153 vehicles), a front spring suspension is installed (Fig. 196) and rear suspension with small leaf springs (Fig. 197).
Fig. 196. Front spring suspension:
1-trailing arm; 2-transverse thrust; 3, 9 rubber-metal hinges; 4, 5-trailing arm brackets; 6-rubber hinges; 7, 8-nuts; 10, 11-front linkage brackets; 12-spring; 13, 14-spring brackets "; 15-vibration-absorbing gasket; 16-stabilizer; 17-stabilizer bracket; 18, 19-rubber bushings; 20-stepladder; 21-buffer; 22-shock absorber
Fig. 197. Rear suspension with small leaf springs:
1-shock absorber bracket; 2-spring; 3-shock absorber; 4-frame; 5-pad; 6-step ladder; 7-lining; 8-earring bracket; 9-shock absorber bracket; 10-nut of the ladder; 11-axis; 12-rubber sleeve; 13-buffer; 14-inner cheek of the earring; 15-finger; 16-outer cheek of the earring; 17-finger nut
Small leaf spring consists of 3 sheets (for UAZ-3153 - 4 sheets).
Front and rear shock absorbers(Fig. 198) all cars, except for cars with a spring suspension, are the same and interchangeable.
Fig. 198. Shock absorber:
1-eyelet; 2-restrictor of the compression valve; 3-compression valve body; 4-valve compression; 5-inlet valve; 6-tank; 7-cylinder; 8-valve recoil; 9-piston; 10-overflow valve; 11-stock; 12-casing; 13-rod guide sleeve; 14-bottom o-ring; 15-gland; 16-top o-ring; 17- cage of oil seals; 18-tank nut; 19-washer; 20-protective ring; 21-stem oil seal; 22-rebound buffer (for spring suspension)
On vehicles with front spring suspension and rear with small leaf springs, the front shock absorbers are shorter (by 25 mm).
Shock absorbers with cylinder diameters of 35 mm and 40 mm can be installed on cars. It is allowed to install shock absorbers of different dimensions in a complete set along the axes.
Or, in the folk way, "loaf", is very popular on the roads of our country, despite its simplicity, not too comfortable interior and poor sound and vibration isolation. However, the "loaf" was originally produced by domestic manufacturers for military needs, due to which the machine is quite versatile and has a large capacity.
Now UAZ is quite often used as ambulances, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the police. The owners of these cars love them for their good cross-country ability, reliability and low cost of maintenance.
General characteristics
Despite the fact that many off-road vehicles manufactured by well-known American, German, Asian and other foreign car manufacturers are inferior to UAZ in terms of cross-country ability, even a domestic “loaf” can get stuck in serious off-road conditions. In this regard, many motorists strive to endow their " iron horse»All the best qualities of an SUV. One of the many options is a do-it-yourself UAZ "loaf" suspension lift.
Since the UAZ is quite simple in technical design, it provides many tuning options, including the suspension. The lightest and in a simple way the increase in ground clearance is the installation of new wheels on the car. Putting wheels of greater width and height on the "loaf", you can achieve the most even distribution of pressure on the soil. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to overcome swampy areas, to pass, without touching the suspension, over large stones and bumps. The only drawback of this method is the need to change the car body, namely to expand the arches by cutting out the fenders and replacing them with new ones corresponding in size to the enlarged wheels.
The higher - the better the cross-country ability
But in order to significantly increase ground clearance, one wheel change will not be enough. In this case, most motorists carry out the UAZ "loaf" suspension lift with their own hands. There are some recommendations, adherence to which will allow you to avoid many mistakes and correctly perform the lift.
To begin with, it is worth noting that there are two ways to raise the UAZ. One is the car body lift, the other is the suspension lift. The first method is the easiest and at the same time the safest. This is explained by the fact that with a body lift, the center of gravity is practically not transferred, allowing you to maintain the stability of the car when cornering and off-road. This tuning is carried out by placing spacers (most often aluminum) between the car frame and the body. By performing a body lift, you can increase the ground clearance by a maximum of 15 centimeters.
The suspension lift leads to a significant improvement in the vehicle's off-road performance. However, this method is associated with some risk, since the center of gravity is shifted much higher, as a result of which the car loses stability when cornering and when driving fast on uneven surfaces.
How to perform a suspension lift
When lifting the UAZ "loaf" suspension with your own hands, you must remember about the shift in the center of gravity of the machine. Therefore, when deciding on what height to raise your car, it is important to observe:
- a rational relationship between increased cross-country ability and the likelihood of rollover;
- the maximum possible angle of inclination of the universal joint, exceeding the value of which will lead to the loss of performance of the parts.
These are the roads you have to wade
You can reduce the risk of rollover and improve safety when driving off-road by following these steps.
- Increase track width by installing wheel spacers.
- Fit to car wider wheel disks and rubber.
- It is recommended to additionally replace the factory bridges with bridges of other models, for example, "Spicer".
You can expand the track of the UAZ by installing disc brakes... This method allows you to increase the distance between the wheels by approximately 5 centimeters.
To eliminate the likelihood of problems with the gimbals after the lift, you can use one of the following methods.
- When you need to make the lift larger, you can put elongated driveshafts from other car models or spacers between the driveshafts and bridge flanges.
- Make a suspension lift so that, as a result, the values of the angles of inclination of the universal joints are close to the maximum permissible indicators, but do not exceed them. For the UAZ 452, this critical value is about 8 centimeters.
- If you need to increase the elevator even more the best option will be installed on the UAZ from the side transfer case double crosspieces with bearing. You can try to turn the gearboxes of the axles of the car so that the angle of inclination of the cross near the shank has the smallest value. Hinges cardan shafts will function normally if they are installed in a single plane. Otherwise, excessive vibration will appear, which will lead to early wear and loss of performance.
Advanced all-terrain vehicle
Each of these methods is used in order to increase the ground clearance in the car, the choice depends only on the desired final height. These methods are suitable for almost all UAZ models, for example, for tuning the UAZ Patriot or UAZ 469 suspension.
The height to which the "loaf" is to be lifted and the method of making the lift are determined in this way. When driving off-road with a large number of stones, stumps, logs, as well as, if necessary, to overcome ditches, precipices and embankments, a high position of the car frame will be useful. And if you need to drive through swampy terrain or get out of a deep rut, the distance from the frame to the ground does not really matter, because the vehicle's permeability depends only on the ground clearance, which is determined by the height of the wheels.
It is the suspension lift that allows you to install wheels on the UAZ bigger size, helping to increase the vehicle's cross-country ability. As a result, the increased clearance from the ground to the frame allows you to effectively overcome uneven surfaces with various obstacles.
The domestic UAZ spring is almost universal for the Patriot, Hunter and Pickup models, as well as their modifications. Elements differ only in the number of sheets that affect the carrying capacity vehicle, as well as the difference in geometric dimensions... In this regard, the four-leaf elements from the "Pickup" and "Cargo" are quite realistic to install on the "Patriot" and "Hunter". The increase in carrying capacity will be about two hundred kilograms. Consider the features of standard and modified parts.
Spring Front Suspension Models
A UAZ spring of this type is produced by the metallurgical plant in Chusovoy. A distinctive feature of the element produced by ChMZ is the presence of a sticker and a stamp on the tightening clamp. The name of the manufacturer, the date of production of the part, as well as the OTK mark are displayed here.
In addition, each spring is marked with a label, since the brand is not always easy to see. Among additional information: barcode, spring number, GOST standard.
Model 31512-2912012
This UAZ spring is a small-leaf rear part, which was mounted as standard on models 31512, 31514-10, 3160. The element is also suitable for Patriots and Hunters, as well as their modifications.
Distinctive characteristics of the node in question:
Standard spring UAZ type 3163-2912010-02
This standard small-leaf element has the following characteristics:
The UAZ Patriot springs under consideration are also suitable for models 315148, 315143, 315196, Hunter, Simbir and Cargo. This part differs from the analogue 315112-2912012 in its length and clamping clamp, as well as in the presence of spacers between the sheets.
Four-sheet option 3153-2912010
The rear small leaf spring of this type is mounted on the code: 3153, 3159, 3162. The part can be used on models 315148, 315143, "Hunter", "Patriot", 3163, 2362, "Cargo". The modification in question is very popular among car owners from Ulyanovsk manufacturers.
Below are its main parameters:
Modification 3162-2912010
This UAZ spring is a standard part that is mounted on rear axle practically all cars of this brand, including Patriot, Bars, Hunter and Cargo. On sale, this spring is quite rare, therefore it is not very popular among owners.
Part characteristics:
Version 2360-2912010
These rear small leaf springs of the UAZ "Patriot" have the following characteristics:
- Assembled element weight - 22.3 kg.
- Control load, Pk, daN - 643.75.
- Full / calculated length - 1.41 / 1.35 m.
- Package height - 49.6 mm.
- Steel type - 50HGFA.
- The number of sheets is four.
In the standard layout, the part in question is mounted on the models "Cargo", "Patriot", "Pickup", "Hunter", "Simbir" and some others. As evidenced by the reviews of the owners, this product is not particularly popular. Users give preference to modifications from four sheets under the index 3153-2912010.
Gain
Often, UAZ repair and tuning concerns shock-absorbing devices. The old straight springs on the "Hunter" can be replaced with a reinforced sixteen-leaf analogue. As practice shows, the standard elements of this unit do not differ. high quality steel, quickly deform and crack. Consequently, the modernization of the unit is justified.
After the installation of reinforced springs, the car will become much higher, the power reserve will increase. The car will get slightly stiffer, which is not a significant drawback as we are looking at an SUV. But driving performance and the cross-country ability of the vehicle will noticeably delight the owners domestic jeeps... The following is presented step-by-step instruction on the installation of new elements.
Spring fastening UAZ
Installing a reinforced spring is not too difficult. The work is carried out in the following order:
- The rear of the machine is lifted first until the wheels begin to hang. A safety beam or support must be installed.
- Then the wheel is removed.
- Installation of an additional support under the bridge is in progress. A regular jack is quite suitable for this.
- The ladders and cups of the block are unscrewed.
- The shock absorbing element is removed from the bottom mount.
- The bridge descends.
- The old spring is dismantled.
- A new element is being tried on.
- The bridge is lowered to the optimum point for installing a new part.
- The element is placed in bowls located on the frame, the hanging part is supported by a wooden block, which will not allow the spring to jump out until the final installation.
- A prepared new unit is mounted, secured with stepladders, but has not yet tightened to the stop.
- The bowls are exposed at the same place of installation.
- The bridge rises until the springs settle on the pillows.
- The wheel is flanked.
- The lower cups are twisted.
On this, the repair of the UAZ in terms of replacing the springs can be considered ready. So that the part to be installed better sat down into place, it is advisable to load the rear of the car during work. After carrying out the work, check the car in action at low speed. If there is no discomfort or squeak, the upgrade was successful.
In conclusion
The parts in question are responsible for the behavior of the car on different types of soil. Unfortunately, domestic standard UAZ-469 springs are not of high quality steel. Therefore, many owners resort to replacing this unit with a reinforced version, since the standard element often breaks and deforms on bumps and potholes. It should be noted that most of the standard springs for Ulyanovsk SUVs are interchangeable, which makes it easier to repair and maintain the car.
The UAZ-3741 car ("Loaf" or "Tablet") is not picky about the road surface - it will go where it is necessary, and not where it is possible. This is largely the merit of the front drive axle, which always comes to the rescue - read about this unit, its types, device and operating rules in this article.
The device of the chassis and transmission of the UAZ-3741
Already the first car Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant- the famous GAZ-69 - had a 4 × 4 wheel arrangement, had a fantastic cross-country ability and was extremely unpretentious. And to this day, the concept of "people's SUV", embedded in the legendary "Kozlik", remains relevant and is implemented in all modern UAZ models. Four-wheel drive is also provided in the UAZ-3741 car (until 1985 - UAZ-452), which is better known under the name "Loaf" (which reflects its characteristic shape) or "Tablet" (due to the frequent use as ambulances and ambulances in the army).
The chassis of the UAZ-3741 is based on two drive axles with a classic dependent suspension on semi-elliptical springs and hydraulic shock absorbers. Moreover, only in this model the springs have 13 sheets (in other models there are fewer sheets), and on the front and rear suspension the springs are interchangeable.
The car's transmission has a fairly simple device, it is also built according to the traditional scheme without any special features. The transmission contains a 4-speed manual transmission (classic manual transmission), which works in tandem with a two-stage transfer case (has an overdrive and downshift) - due to the presence of a "transfer case" quantity possible transfers doubles, which greatly increases the capabilities of the transmission. The torque from the transfer case is transmitted to the front and rear drive axles by means of two cardan shafts. In driving axles, the moment is divided into two flows and directed to the wheels, ensuring their rotation.
Separately, let's say about the purpose and arrangement of the front drive axle of cars of the UAZ-3741 family.
It is widely used not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also abroad. Device front axle UAZ loaf allows you to connect four-wheel drive to overcome off-road. Thanks to this, the machine is distinguished by high rates of cross-country ability on difficult sections of rough terrain.
How the front axle of UAZ works
The diagram of the front axle of the UAZ loaf allows you to determine that it consists of several nodes:
- Composite crankcase;
- Reducer;
- Half shafts.
Below is the device of the components of the front axle of the UAZ loaf.
Carter
The axle case of the UAZ loaf car consists of 2 parts. The parts are bolted together, thus forming the gearbox housing. Parts of the crankcase are equipped with mountings for installing springs and shock absorbers.
IMPORTANT: When using the vehicle, the lubricant in the crankcase heats up and expands. In this case, the pressure in the crankcase cavity increases. To prevent leakage of the axle crankcase, a breathing valve is provided. It is installed on the casing of the axle shaft of the front axle of the UAZ and is necessary for communicating the cavity of the crankcase with the atmosphere.
Rotating mechanisms are located along the edges of the bridge. They are essential for driving. The mechanisms are pivotally connected to the edges of the crankcase. Pivots are installed on the swivel mechanisms. They are required for the articulated connection to the vehicle hubs. To reduce the degree of friction, the hub is mounted on roller bearings.
Reducer
The gearbox of the front axle of the UAZ loaf consists of a main gear and an interwheel differential. When the front axle of the UAZ loaf is on, the torque from the gearbox flows through the propeller shaft to the gearbox flange. It is mounted on the same shaft as the main drive pinion.
Rotating, the drive gear transmits the torque to the driven gear. Compared to the pinion gear, it has a large diameter. This helps to reduce the torque transmitted from the transfer case.
REFERENCE: The teeth of the main gears of the gearbox of the UAZ car are located at an angle. This prevents the teeth of the gears from bouncing against each other, thereby reducing the noise level when the vehicle is moving.
An interwheel differential is located inside the driven gear. It consists of conical satellites and their axes. The differential mechanism includes the splines of the axle shafts. The differential allows, when turning the car, to achieve a difference in the speed of rotation of the wheels of one axle. You can also read about.
Half-shafts
The front axle of a UAZ loaf is a shaft with slots at the edges. On the one hand, the splines are installed in the gear differential. The second side of the axle shaft drives the wheel hub. The transmission of torque from the front axle gearbox to the wheel mechanism is carried out using a constant velocity joint. It allows the transmission of torque regardless of the steering angle of the wheel mechanisms.
A distinctive feature of the front axle of the UAZ loaf is the ability to disconnect the wheel hubs from the axle shafts. This is necessary to prevent wear of the rotating parts of the gearbox during prolonged movement on the surface. good quality.
Possible bridge failures and their causes
The front axle of the UAZ loaf car is distinguished by its reliability and unpretentiousness to operating conditions. Most frequent malfunctions this is:
- Violation of the crankcase sealing. The overpressure arising when the oil is heated when the car is moving leads to a violation of the crankcase sealing. To prevent a malfunction, it is necessary to regularly check the performance of the breathing valve;
- Bearings worn out. It occurs as a result of improper operation of the front axle of a UAZ loaf. Switching the front axle of the UAZ loaf to the on position when driving on a good quality surface leads to rapid wear of the gearbox bearings. To prevent bearing breakage, it is necessary to connect the front axle only to overcome off-road conditions;
- Increased wear on rotating parts. Occurs due to poor quality lubricant... The front axle oil must be changed regularly. The cause of the malfunction may be water getting into the gearbox housing when overcoming the ford. To avoid water entering the gearbox crankcase, the breathing valve is equipped with a hose attached under the engine compartment cover.
- Inter-wheel differential malfunction. Often caused by wear on pivots. To prevent damage, it is necessary to regularly inspect the pivot mechanism for backlash. If the permissible values are exceeded, the pivots should be replaced;
- Breakage of the bearing of the main drive pinion shaft. Occurs due to a malfunction of the cross cardan shaft... It is necessary to regularly check the integrity of the crosspiece.
- High wear rate of the conical planet gears or their axes. The integrity of the bevel satellites and their axles is affected by the difference in tire pressure between the wheels of the front axle. In order to avoid damage, the tire pressure must be constantly monitored.
Wiring diagram of the front axle UAZ loaf
Some car owners are wondering how the front axle on the UAZ loaf turns on? The front axle is engaged in two ways:
- Lever installed in the cab. The lever controls the transfer case. When the front axle of the UAZ loaf is turned on using a lever installed in the cabin, the torque from the transfer case is transmitted through the driveshaft to the drive axle.
- With the help of couplings installed in wheel mechanisms. It is possible to disconnect the drive axle hub from the axle shaft. Turning on and off the front axle of the UAZ loaf with the help of couplings reduces the load on the gearbox when driving on a hard surface.
IMPORTANT: after disengaging the clutches located in the wheel mechanisms, it will be impossible to connect the all-wheel drive with a lever from the passenger compartment.
To enable the clutch, it is necessary to remove the protective cover of the drive axle hub. Tighten the coupling cap using the hexagon to the stop. The axle splines will engage and the hub will be connected to the gearbox. Reverse the procedure to disengage the clutch.
Connect the four-wheel drive with a lever installed in the passenger compartment as follows:
- Disengage the clutch;
- Set the gearbox lever to neutral;
- Move the control lever to the extreme forward position;
- After completing the steps, the four-wheel drive will be engaged. It is necessary to turn off the four-wheel drive by moving the lever to the extreme rear position.
ATTENTION: Before turning off or turning on the front axle on the UAZ loaf, it is necessary to turn off the clutch. To do this, depress the clutch pedal located in the passenger compartment.
Removal and repair of the front axle
The front axle of the UAZ loaf has a simple device that allows you to do it yourself with minimal technical knowledge. To remove the unit from the car, you must:
- Car to a viewing pit, overpass or lift;
- Immobilize the machine to prevent unintentional rolling. For this, under rear wheels install recoil devices (shoes);
- Jack up the vehicle frame. To lift both sides at the same time, the jack is installed in the front of the frame in the center;
- To avoid injury, install the car frame on specialized supports;
- Unscrew the nuts securing the axle to the semi-elliptical springs;
- Dismantle the steering arm;
- Unscrew the nuts securing the shock absorbers;
- Dismantle shock absorbers;
- Remove the drive axle of the vehicle.
REFERENCE: If it is necessary to replace the elastic cushions installed in the spring mounting brackets, the axle is dismantled together with the springs. To do this, instead of the nuts of the stepladders, the bolts that fix the bracket covers are unscrewed.
A person who has certain skills in the repair of equipment can repair and adjust the front axle of a UAZ loaf. To diagnose a malfunction, it is necessary to carry out visual inspection node. From the outside, the UAZ crankcase is inspected for oil leaks. The presence of oil leaks indicates a depressurization of the crankcase. To eliminate oil leakage, it is necessary to replace the gaskets and oil seals. During installation, the gaskets are lubricated with sealant.
After disassembling the assembly, pay attention to the integrity of the bearings. Failed parts must be replaced with new ones. Particular attention is paid to the wear of rotating parts. If the permissible limit is exceeded, the worn out parts should be replaced.
ATTENTION: The driving and driven gears of the main gear of the reducer are replaced at the same time. Replacing one of the main gears can lead to its rapid wear by damaged teeth of the second gear.
From the above, it follows that the UAZ front axle, due to its design, improves specifications car. The front axle is equipped with swivel mechanisms. This allows the transmission of torque from the gearbox to the wheels of the vehicle, regardless of the angle of rotation. It is possible to disconnect the gearbox and wheel mechanisms by disengaging the clutches.
