Everyone already knows for sure the story that the requirements for engine displacement for "Dakar" racing trucks were constantly changing and it was decided to limit them at 13 liters (now 16-liter ones can be used). KAMAZ-master began to test several different variants of engines with such displacement, and eventually settled on 13-liter American Cummins QSZ13 engines assembled under license ... in China. When we were at the team's base in December 2016, we just caught the moment when on motor stand tested such a unit.
Technical characteristics of KAMAZ Master 2018
| MODEL | KAMAZ-4326, GAS-DIESEL |
| ENGINE CONSTRUCTION | Model Liebherr D9508 |
| Type of | diesel turbocharged and intercooled |
| Working volume / capacity of gas cylinders | 1000 l. / 356 l. |
| Max. power in kW (hp) / at rpm | 1 - 700(950)/2400 |
| Arrangement and number of cylinders | V-shaped, 8 |
| Fuel consumption per 100 km, diesel / gas asphalt / off-road: 60-120 l | 20-30 l / 10-15 cbm m 60-120 l / 25-50 cub. m |
| CLUTCH | ZF MFZ430 |
| Type of | frictional, dry, single-disk |
| Drive unit | hydraulic, remote |
| TRANSMISSION | ZF 16S251 |
| Type of | mechanical, synchronized, 16-speed |
| TRANSFER CASE | ZF VG2000 |
| Type of | mechanical, 2-stage |
| SUSPENSION | |
| Type of | dependent, spring |
| Type of elements used | small leaf spring, gas-filling shock absorbers |
| BRAKE SYSTEM | Pneumatic drive with electronic control(EBS) |
| Brake type | drum |
| WHEELS AND TIRES | |
| Wheel type | disc aluminum with pressure regulation system |
| Tires | Continental, 14R20 164 / 160K HCS |
This stand allows simulating a wide variety of operating modes, including simulating real operation, setting increased loads, etc. So, the testers liked how the "base" Cummins QSZ13 engine behaved in difficult modes. And it was decided to do it forcing, and then test it in racing conditions. My colleague avalanche already this fall visited the base and found out that so far this one is only on the car of Dmitry Sotnikov's crew. Others continue to use the 16-liter Liebherr, which will soon be outlawed.
Brief question reminder for those who missed. Let me remind you that in 2012, the V8 TMZ-7E846.10 engine (Tutaevsky Motor Plant), with a working volume of 18.5 liters, with a capacity of 850 hp, was used for the last time on top-end KAMAZ-master trucks. and with a torque of 2700 Nm, with a curb weight of the truck of 9300 kg. The team liked the engine, it was reliable, albeit outdated.
Characteristics of the TMZ-7E846.10 engine
Engine type: diesel, 8-cylinder, 4-stroke with V-shaped arrangement of cylinders (camber angle 90 °), direction of rotation crankshaft- right, with turbocharging, with intercooling of charge air. The cylinder diameter is 140 mm, the piston stroke is 140 mm. The cooling system is liquid, the water-oil radiator is built into the engine. Installed on: Engine for sports cars "KamAZ-Master" and "MAZ-SPORT" participating in rally-raids.
That's how TMZ engine looks at his workplace
Since 2013, the technical requirements have changed. The maximum working volume was not to exceed 16 liters. Then an option was found with the Swiss-German tractor power unit Liebherr D9508 V8. Moreover, its refinement to racing conditions was carried out directly in Naberezhnye Chelny, on the basis of the team. As a result, the official characteristics of KAMAZ 4326 with it are as follows: a working volume of 16 liters, a power of 920 hp, a torque of 4000 Nm, with a curb weight of the car of 8900 kg. Although, according to the employees of the team, they had to suffer with "Liebherr", and at first it did not suit its reliability, but then they were able to bring it to the required condition. And again the team from Tatarstan began to win, although it became more and more difficult to do it, the character of the track in “Dakar” also changed, towards simplification. In 2016, the first place was lost, but already in 2017, Chelny residents were able to return to the top and win again!
In the meantime, the organizers of the "Dakar" decided to again limit the volume of engines for the 2017 race, this time - no more than 16 liters. The team again had to invest in redesigning the Liebherr engine so that the reduction in displacement did not significantly affect performance. The next step - it was decided to allow trucks with a maximum of 13-liter power units... In this case, it turns out to be overboard Liebherr, in the revision of which more than one million dollars were invested. By the way, it is Liebherr specialists who help in the development of a new line of six-cylinder in-line KAMAZ P6 turbodiesels for serial KAMAZ trucks. On a serial engine, they promise to remove up to 750 from a working volume of 12 liters Horse power... But for racing conditions it is not yet used. I cannot say - either he is not very suitable for this, or he is simply not ready yet. In general, there will be more than once news on the motor topic from the KAMAZ-master mill, just have time to follow.
Racing is a very exciting competition. And the rally with the participation of trucks is an event that must be watched at least once in a lifetime. The stages are considered the most prestigious of such a world marathon. Many year after year, the amazing Russian "car" amazes - let's get to know him better!
KamAZ "flying"
Model 4911 Extreme is the legendary KamAZ that participates in the Paris-Dakar rally, as well as in the Silk Way. This "graduate" of the Kama Automobile Plant located in Naberezhnye Chelny (Tatarstan) is not only a sports truck. It is designed to urgently deliver goods, following highways from axial load up to 78 kN, by dirt roads and rough terrain. The machine can be operated in various climatic zones at a temperature of +50 ... -30 ° C.
Why was KamAZ from "Dakar" nicknamed "flying" by the fans? The machine lifts off the ground with amazing ease and grace, like a giant bird. By changing the frame, the design of the springs, updating the fragrances, the truck lands softly on the wheels when jumping even from great heights without harming the crew.
The first flying truck race took place in 2003. Then, at the Telefonica-Dakar rally, the car took the first and third places. More than once KamAZ 4911 Extreme became the winner of "Cappadocia", "Khazar steppes", "Desert Challenge", championship and Cup of the Russian Federation. And after the Dakar races, the modernization and refinement of the car always followed.
The French company "Eligor" and the Russian plant "Electron" (Kazan) produce 1:43 scale models of this model of the sports KamAZ.
Dakarovsky KamAZ: technical characteristics
Let's present in the table specifications heavy truck.
| Options | |
| Full mass | 11.5 thousand kg |
| Curb weight | 10.5 thousand kg |
| Wheel formula | 4x4 |
| Wheelbase | 4.2 m |
| Front / rear track | 2.15 m |
| Length | 7.3 m |
| Height | 3.5 m |
| Width | 2.5 m |
| Engine | |
| Variety of model | YaMZ-7E846 |
| Type of | Diesel turbocharged engine |
| Power at 2500 rpm | 552 kW / 750 HP |
| Engine location | V-shaped |
| Number of cylinders | 8 |
| Engine volume | 17.2 l |
| Tires and Wheels | |
| Tire type | Pneumatic, using pressure regulation |
| Wheel type | Disk |
| Tire size | 425/85 R21 |
| Transmission | |
| Variety | 16-speed, mechanical |
| Cabin | |
| Type | Placed above the engine |
| General set of characteristics | |
| Highest speed | 165 km / h |
| Overall outer turning radius | 11.3 m |
| Climbing angle | Not less than 36% |
| Fuel consumption per 100 km under the condition of full load, following off-road with an average speed of 120 km / h | 100 l |
| Layout | Four-wheel drive, front-engine |
| Production years | from 2002 to the present |
| Class | T-4, sports truck |
After we have learned the technical characteristics of KamAZ from Dakar, we will get to know the team that drives this car in the rally.
The KamAZ-master team
KamAZ-master is a Russian team of race car drivers whose specialization is participation in rally-raids. Performs only on KamAZ trucks. A constant participant in the Dakar rally (the former name of the Paris-Dakar rally) - Russians have become its winners 14 times!
The team's birthday is July 17, 1988. Its composition can be said to be stellar - eight masters of sports of the international category, five winners of the World Cup. KamAZ-master is rightfully considered the strongest team in its class. As well as the excellent one from "Dakar".
The permanent leader and mentor of the team is Semyon Yakubov, an international master of sports. In the period 1996-2002. the pilot of "KamAZ-master" was the well-known Vladimir Chagin. He has seven victories in the Dakar races, two World Cups, and the title of "Best Russian Racer - 2003". The team's sponsor is also serious - VTB Bank.
Results of the rally "Dakar-2017"
The last Dakar took place in Bolivia. Many participants recognized it as the most difficult in the history of the rally. And the fault is landslides, rains, and sat down. But this did not prevent KamAZ from showing itself in Dakar-2017. better side... The KamAZ-master team returned from the competition, as in many previous years, a champion:
- The first among the sports trucks was the crew of E. Nikolaev, E. Yakovlev, V. Rybakov.
- KamAZ of D. Sotnikova, I. Leonova, R. Akhmadeeva came second to the finish line.
"Gold" and "Silver" - awards of KamAZ in the "Dakar" of the current year. Both the sports truck itself and its legendary team have reaffirmed the title of the best in the world rally-raid. However, racing is not the only path of the "flying" car. Among other things, it can be used for emergency delivery of goods - a car, jumping on springs, will sweep off-road like an arrow.
Thanks to victories trucks KamAZ on "Dakar" they became recognizable in many countries of the world. In this article we will talk about the technical characteristics of sport KamAZ trucks for the Dakar rally.
What cars are participating in the Dakar?
Especially for the rally-raid "Dakar" trucks undergo brutal upgrades to survive the tough desert races. The car must be strong, so as not to fall apart from the next jump from the springboard and hardy, in order to pass 500-700 kilometers a day on the sultry sands of the "Dakar". All repairs are in progress on their own, because of this, the crew of the combat vehicle includes, in addition to the driver and navigator, a mechanic.Let's analyze technical device KamAZ "4911-EXTREME", which is the prototype of the racing car for the Dakar. The engine is a unit from the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, which is equipped with two turbochargers and a cooling system for the supplied air. The maximum power is 730 hp. and the "unreal" 2700 "newtons" of torque.
Those who think they are technical specifications engine needed for maximum speed - wrong. Indeed, in the rally-raids "Dakar" maximum speed of participating cars is of little importance, and in some sections it is completely limited to 150 km / h. The most important thing is the torque needed to overcome quicksand so that the car does not get stuck in them.
Another interesting feature of KamAZ "4911-EXTREME" is that the body is rigidly attached to the frame, and the seats are rigidly attached to the body. There is little comfort from such a solution, but this feature helps the pilot to feel all the nuances of the race car's behavior and, accordingly, quickly respond to any changes. Besides, racing cars They are distinguished by the presence of additional headlights, sports seats, and the presence of an electric winch.
Currently, the KamAZ-Master team uses the prototype KAMAZ 4326 (4x4), which participates in the Dakar rally-raids to this day.
The reason for the creation of KAMAZ 4326 was the next change in the requirements from the FIA, which made it possible to make sport car based on serial components and assemblies. He has an eight-cylinder engine with an output of 830 hp. The engine has been moved 400 mm and the cab has been moved 200 mm towards the rear axle. This made it possible to improve the "weight distribution" of the truck.
By reducing the front overhang, the geometric cross-country ability has improved. The car's ride has become smoother due to the modernization of the suspension, in particular the use of new shock absorbers. The weight of the truck was reduced, although it was not possible to reach the permitted minimum limit of 8.5 tons.
In addition to the main racing KamAZ, there is a "technical", the purpose of which is to help the main car. There are various spare parts and spare sets of tires in its body. It is the "technicians" and mechanics who make the invisible front of the robots, thanks to which the KamAZ-Master team wins from year to year.
A machine ready for exploits
"Spread the wings of your imagination and feel the unknown dimensions of speed and space"
In September 1988, the team from Naberezhnye Chelny made its debut at the Yelch rally in Poland. In that first rally-raid in its history, KAMAZ athletes performed on serial four-wheel drive SUVs KAMAZ 4310 ... Already in the early 90s, in close collaboration with the factory designers and testers, the team created their own sports trucks: KAMAZ 49250 and KAMAZ 49251 ... The basis for these machines was the most advanced technology of the Kama Automobile Plant at that time.
In 1994, the team took part in a car with pronounced sports characteristics, which are fundamentally different from ordinary production trucks - KAMAZ 49252 ... It had a 750 horsepower engine, a mid-engined layout and large 25-inch wheels. The sloping platform of the SUV, designed to reduce aerodynamic drag, is an original stage in the design of a sports truck that has gone down in history. In a year, three new generation sports trucks will carry the KAMAZ crews to the victorious podium of the Paris-Moscow-Beijing auto marathon. A few months later, in January 1996, the team became the winner of the legendary Dakar rally-marathon for the first time.
Experiments on technique were sometimes a little too daring. For example, sports KAMAZ 49255 had a twelve-cylinder engine with a capacity of 1050 horsepower. His hyper-powerful heart broke the transmission, which happened at the 1998 Dakar. Very often, cars were born in the shortest possible time. So, in 2002, the FIA vetoed the participation in the Dakar of trucks with a mid-engined line-up, which provides good weight distribution and stability. The Kamaz truck was just that. But the biggest difficulty was that these innovations became known only six months before the start. In a short time, a combat sports truck was created KAMAZ 49256 with an 830 horsepower engine. He was born in agony, after each test the car was taken from the landfill on a trawl. And only a few hours before the command was sent to the Dakar, the error was found and eliminated. As a result, the car passed the test of durability, bringing KAMAZ another Dakar gold.
A year later, the KAMAZ-master team made a new qualitative leap, creating new model sports car. KAMAZ 4911 EXTREME became a combat vehicle unparalleled in cross-country ability, maneuverability and dynamics. For its unique technical and operational qualities, it was named "the flying truck". Indeed, in the hands of such masters as the pilot Vladimir Chagin, this car at speed easily lifted off the ground, pushing off natural jumps. With an 830 horsepower engine, the car accelerated to 100 km / h in ten seconds.
Since 1999, the rally "Desert Challenge" in the United Arab Emirates has become a traditional testing ground for technical innovations, the conditions of which are as close as possible to those of Dakar. The team began to constantly work to reduce the weight of the car, increase the smoothness of the ride and solve many other important tasks to improve the technology.
In 2007, the organizers of the "Dakar" again changed technical requirements presented to the trucks participating in the race, softening them somewhat. In particular, it became possible to shift the engine back a little, which the KAMAZ-master team took advantage of, improving the weight distribution and maneuverability of the car, as well as increasing the smoothness of the ride. However, the relief in one led to a tightening in the other: new requirements for serial production were introduced. If earlier, in order for a sports truck to pass homologation, it was enough to release fifteen such cars from the assembly line, now it took fifty over two years. Therefore, again, a car produced by the Kama auto giant for the needs of the army was taken as the basis for the new model.
At the end of 2007 was born KAMAZ-4326 VK ... Only one fact testifies to the conscientiousness of the approach to the creation of the vehicle: the new KAMAZ combat truck was the first to undergo homologation in its class. The pre-jubilee KAMAZ-4326 VK, which embodied all the best practices of the team, proved its potential first at the stages of the Russian Championship, and then at the Dakar 2009.
In 2016, the KAMAZ-master team presented a sports truck with a bonnet configuration. Decision to create new car was adopted on the basis of the growing trend for the use of bonnet vehicles in the off-road sports discipline.
How are Dakar trucks arranged? What do racing cars and production cars have in common? How long do they accelerate and how much fuel do they consume? To answer these questions, on "Auto Mail.Ru"Dissected two leaders of the Dakar-2014 - the racing KAMAZ-4326 and the sports IVECO models Powerstar and Trakker of the Dutch stable Team de Rooy. And this is what they saw ...
KAMAZ for Dakar really has little in common with its serial counterparts. The frame and cabin here are, of course, domestic, from the military "two-axle" 4326, but the sports engineers had to thoroughly redraw the cabin in order to shift it back as much as possible for better weight distribution, and reinforce the frame many times over. And even outwardly, the "combat" truck does not look like a "civilian" one! In production models, the headlights are located on the bumper, while in the sports version, small xenon "eyes" have settled on the front end, under the windshield. Some of the cars do come out with old "big-eyed" cabins.
There are rumors that the next generation of sports camions (in rally-raids it is customary to call trucks with the French word) will receive a cab from the newest KAMAZ-5490 mainline tractor, but there is no reason to be proud: this cab is entirely taken from Mercedes-Benz Axor ... So it's better to keep the existing authentic look. And to return the powerful structure of steel pipes, on which the "chandelier" of six spotlights was hung! A modest arc holding four LED sections of additional lighting equipment deprived the racing KAMAZ of its deliberately aggressive appearance.
But the main disappointment from the current version of KAMAZ-4326 is the new engines. They are Swiss, Liebherr brands! Two of the five cars are still equipped with the proven V-shaped "eight" YaMZ (880 hp and 3600 Nm), but this unit has no future. The 18.5-liter giant barely fits into the existing smoke standards, and by the next edition of the marathon it will have to be retired completely - the organizers of the rally-raid will forcibly limit the volume of engines. That is why Anton Shibalov went to the Dakar-2014 awards ceremony with a quiet grumble, and not with the famous powerful roar of the Yaroslavl diesel engine - Liebherr was already installed on his truck.
What can you be proud of? The gearboxes on the cars of the blue-and-white squad have long been imported - German ZF. (however, exactly the same ones are put on serial products from Naberezhnye Chelny). The distribution is also overseas, brand Steyr. The bridges are supplied by the Finnish company Sisu, and the uncompromisingly rigid suspension from the Russian BMD (airborne combat vehicle) had to be replaced with Dutch Reiger struts, as soon as the crews no longer had enough "safety margin": with such a "hover" KAMAZ flew giant potholes without shuddering, but the riders were shaking mercilessly, so many have developed serious health problems ...
Tires, steering gear, clutch and brake system- all this is also imported. Is that the brake drums are native, KAMAZ. However, the latter were left rather out of despair: they wanted to switch to disk mechanisms from a renowned European company, but they overheated too quickly. There is no need to talk about the insides of the cabin either: virtually nothing remained of the production car, including the speedometer, which is marked here up to 200 km / h. But the racing KAMAZ accelerates to a maximum of 180, consuming up to 150 l / 100 km, and in the race, the maximum speed is completely limited to 150 km / h.
It turns out that the "combat" KAMAZ-4326 not only does not look like serial equipment, but also almost entirely consists of imported components! But there is one "but". Anyone can buy a Liebherr engine, ZF gearbox, Steyr transfer case, Sisu axles and Reiger suspension and put it on a military or construction truck. And only KAMAZ wins Dakar. Another excuse: the rivals' cars are also far from standard ... Do you think that IVECO, which took second place at the current Dakar, is almost a serial truck, as the team's PR specialists position it?
Not at all! This is the same prefabricated hodgepodge of units from different manufacturers. Moreover, IVECO has nothing to do with the creation of a racing truck: it was built by the private sports team Team De Rooy - that is, the de Rooy family stable. And that is why Gerard's car is so different from others. Which, however, can be clearly seen from the photographs. All other machines are cabover-free and are based on the aggregates of the Trakker construction dump truck, and the leader of the team has built a "bonnet" for himself.
This, by the way, causes a certain dissatisfaction with the head office of IVECO, which wants the truck, which most often gets into the sights of the cameras, to look like mass models like the aforementioned Trucker. And so Ivekov's PR specialists had to come up with a legend that the "nosed" car was a sports version of the heavyweight Powerstar, a model for the Australian market. Although the carbon fiber hood only imitates the appearance of the overseas prototype, and the cockpit is taken from the long-range IVECO Stralis. But while such a car wins, the bosses of the brand have nowhere to go.
Actually, the racing success of the "bonnet" is largely due to the layout - the car boasts an ideal "50 to 50" weight distribution along the axles. What does it do? First, the "nosed" car jumps and lands a priori better than competitors in which the cabin is located above the engine. Secondly, the crew does not sit “on the wheel”, which makes it possible to reduce shock loads and, consequently, to fly over obstacles at a higher speed. Those potholes that the crew of a sports KAMAZ overcomes, risking their health, Ivek residents do not notice at all ...
Continuing the topic of overcoming obstacles, we note that Gerard is a big fan of experiments on the suspension. Once he tried to transfer his camion to an independent circuit, and now he uses Donnere shock absorbers, which are rare for Dakar vehicles, although most competitors (including KAMAZ-master) choose Dutch Reiger Racing. However, most likely, the French pendants simply offered Deroy's stable more interesting conditions than their fellow Dutchmen. Springs from cargo off-road vehicles Astra.
By the way, from Astr (this is a subsidiary of the IVECO concern, which is engaged in the production of military and super-heavy trucks), bridges are used on cabover IVECOs. But on the bonnet car, the axles are different, of the Finnish Sisu brand: the team believes that the Finnish transmission components are lighter and more reliable than the Ivek ones. Also, the Dutch are sure that disc brakes are better than standard drum brakes - all turquoise camions, regardless of the brand of axles, are equipped with Knorr-Bremse ventilated disc mechanisms! Although other cargo stables find the good old "drums" more suitable for the harsh conditions of Dakar - they overheat less and the mechanism itself is closed to dirt.
The rest of the racing IVECOs are very similar to their serial counterparts. Taken from Trakker Steyr transfer case, 16-speed ZF gearbox and ... even the engine! This is an in-line "six" of the Cursor family with a volume of 12.9 liters, however, pretty forced. If the most powerful of the IVECO construction trucks develops 500 hp. and 2300 Nm, the diesel of a sports truck produces 900 hp. maximum power, and the maximum torque is a fantastic 3800 Nm.
Does it even make sense to look for similarities between sports and road trucks? As it turned out, there is: a trinity of cabover IVECOs (the best of which, under the control of Hans Stacy, took 7th place at the last Dakar), with the exception of the suspension, was really built from units of production cars. But Deroev's "bonnet" is one hundred percent homemade, just stylized as a mass model and assembled from components that, according to Gerard, are the lightest, strongest and most reliable today.
But it makes no sense to compare racing and serial KAMAZ. There is almost nothing in common between them ... Behind the Russian emblem are foreign units, albeit intelligently assembled by our engineers. New trucks from Naberezhnye Chelny are becoming such now: a Mercedes-Benz cab, a Cummins engine, and a ZF gearbox are installed on the domestic frame. So while the country cannot be proud of ordinary trucks, let's be proud of the racing ones - the "combat" vehicles do their job perfectly, confidently stamping victory after victory.
Alexey Kovanov
Photo and video of KAMAZ-master and Team de Rooy teams
Specifications
| Model | IVECO Powerstar | IVECO Trakker Evo III | KAMAZ-4326 YMZ | KAMAZ-4326 Liebherr | ||
| Layout | bonnet | cabover | cabover | cabover | ||
| Dimensions, mm | length | 6800 | 7000 | 7220 | 7220 | |
| width | 2550 | 2550 | 2500 | 2500 | ||
| height | 3000 | 3200 | 3180 | 3180 | ||
| wheelbase | 4400 | 4400 | 4200 | 4200 | ||
| Curb weight, kg | 8600 (in a race 9400) | 8600 (in a race 9400) | 8900 (10,000 race) | 8900 (10,000 race) | ||
| Weight distribution along the axes, front / rear,% | 50/50 | 55/45 | 55/45 | 55/45 | ||
| Engine | IVECO Cursor 13 | IVECO Cursor 13 | YaMZ-7E846 | Liebherr | ||
| Working volume, l | 12,9 | 12,9 | 18,5 | 16,2 | ||
| Max. power, h.p. at rpm | 900/2200 | 900/2200 | 880/2500 | 920/2300 | ||
| Max. torque, Nm at rpm | 3800/1100 | 3800/1100 | 3600/1400—1600 | 4000/1500 | ||
| Transmission | ZF | ZF | ZF | ZF | ||
| Number of gears | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | ||
| Transfer case | Steyr | Steyr | Steyr | Steyr | ||
| Leading bridges | Sisu | Sisu | Sisu | Sisu | ||
| Suspension | in front | leaf spring, with springs and shock absorbers Donnere | leaf spring, with Reiger shock absorbers | |||
| behind | leaf spring, with springs and shock absorbers Donnere | leaf spring, with springs and shock absorbers Donnere | leaf spring, with Reiger shock absorbers | leaf spring, with Reiger shock absorbers | ||
| Brakes | in front | disk | disk | drum | drum | |
| behind | disk | disk | drum | drum | ||
| Capacity fuel tank, l | 700 | 700 | 1000 | 1000 | ||
| Tires | Michelin 14.00R20XZL | Michelin 14.00R20XZL | Michelin 14.00R20XZL | Michelin 14.00R20XZL | ||
