"Liquid" was fundamentally new for the Melitopol designers, because until that time all Zaporozhets were equipped with V-shaped "air vents". The main work on the design of the engine for a front-wheel drive car of an especially small class was completed in 1979, and in 1982, after conducting acceptance tests, the State Commission recommended this unit for serial production. Alas, for a number of reasons, motors for the new Tavria began to be mass-produced in Melitopol only in 1988 - like the car itself in Zaporozhye.
By the XXVII Congress of the CPSU in 1986, the Kommunar plant undertook to produce an experimental batch of thirty copies of the ZAZ-1102
A good engine with a difficult fate
What was interesting about the engine of the first front-wheel drive car from Zaporozhye? Firstly, the Melitopol unit was distinguished by a very modern design. In terms of the general level, MeMZ-245 was not particularly inferior to the "top of Soviet engine building" - the VAZ-2108 engine. Like the Sputnik unit, the "Tavricheskiy" engine was equipped with a Solex carburetor with a forced economizer system to save money. idle move... Another parallel is that the timing mechanism is driven by a belt, not a chain. Ignition - contactless, with a switch - again, as in the Togliatti G8.
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A relatively high compression ratio (9.5) assumed operation on gasoline with an octane rating of at least 91. In general, feel the difference with the previous Melitopol air vents!
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MeMZ-245 cutaway
At the same time, the engine with a volume of 1091 "cubes" developed a capacity of 53 liters, sufficient for Tavria. with. For comparison: the similar in volume 1,100 cc downsized version was two horses weaker.
There was also a deformed version of the MeMZ-2451 with a reduced compression ratio (7.9). The engine developed 47 liters. with. and at the same time could run on A-76 gasoline.
Thus, in terms of power-to-weight ratio, the 1.1-liter machine was not much inferior to the 1,300 cc Sputnik, but in a loaded state, a smaller working volume and maximum power were still felt.
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However, in comparison with the Zhiguli and Moskvichs, the dynamic qualities of the ZAZ-1102 did not leave much to be desired: the machine picked up a "hundred" from a place in about 16 seconds, and the maximum speed reached 145 kilometers per hour. The high efficiency of Tavria with the MeMZ-245 engine was declared: according to the manufacturer, at a speed of 90 km / h, the consumption was 4.6 l / 100 km, and in the urban cycle - 6.8 l / 100 km. Wherein real expense fuel, depending on driving conditions, ranged from 6 to 8 liters for every hundred kilometers.
In the photo: ZAZ-1102 As it turned out, with timely maintenance and the correct fuels and lubricants used, the engine was able to last over 100,000 kilometers before the first repair - of course, provided that the infamous "Zhiguli" valve oil seals did not fail earlier.
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The engine turned out to be quite "funny" - that is, it easily spun up to the maximum speed (5,600 rpm) and at the same time was quite quiet if you compare its sound with the roar of the previous Melitopol air-cooled units.
After the collapse of the USSR, the Melitopol Motor Plant began independent work on a range of engines based on the same MeMZ-245, which remained the only unit for Tavria and its modifications.
Even then, the designers conceived an unusual line, which was supposed to open ... the so-called "rabbit" - a three-cylinder 0.9-liter engine. In addition, it was decided to equip the time-tested Tavria engine with a fuel injection system, as well as to master modifications with a working volume increased to 1.3-1.4 liters. Already in 1994, prototypes were developed, which were even assigned the corresponding indices - 1.25-liter MeMZ-310, as well as MeMZ-315 and MeMZ-317 with a volume of 1.4 liters. Interestingly, the latter was conceived as a 16-valve version of the "three hundred and fifteenth" engine. In a word, there is an obvious desire of Ukrainian designers to follow the same scheme (an increase in the working volume and the number of valves), according to which the units of the "eighth" family at VAZ were modernized.
Alas, as the second president of modern Ukraine, Leonid Danilovich Kuchma, correctly noted in the title of his book, Ukraine is not Russia. In 1993-1994, tests of prototypes and prototypes of promising engines were often disrupted due to ... a banal lack of suitable fuel!
In those difficult times for the countries of the former USSR, new motors were developed in Melitopol, among other things, in order to increase exports, which would make it possible to obtain such a coveted currency at that time. Indeed, in conditions of hyperinflation, barter transactions, the constant collapse of the rate of coupon-karbovanets and other "delights" of the first years of the new state's existence, only foreign exchange earnings could allow the enterprise to stay afloat. That is why, together with Siemens, a single-point (mono, as it is sometimes called) fuel injection system with an exhaust catalytic converter was developed.
Dreams, dreams ... In practice, the plant experienced constant problems with the production of conventional MeMZ-245 engines. For example, the Michurinsk plant in 1994 refused to supply the Ukrainians piston rings- I had to get out and buy parts ... in Bulgaria.
Alas, in the period from 1993 to 1997, things at MeMZ went so badly that many talented and competent employees simply left it, unable to withstand salary delays, theft and marriage. The quality of the products at that time was so low that it was not always possible to assemble one normal engine suitable for installation on a commercial vehicle out of two ready-made motors of that time.
At ZAZ, they tried in various ways to solve the painful "heart issue": at that time, the factory workers tried to "implant" Tavria with an alternative power unit - for example, a 1.3-liter VAZ-2108 engine assembled with a four-speed transmission, which led to a denser arrangement of units under hood and forced the designers to remove the "spare wheel" from there. The model received the index ZAZ-1122, but due to the fact that VAZ supplied power units in extremely limited quantities, the Tavria with an eight engine did not receive much distribution.
Another attempt of the Zaporozhye enterprise "to get away from MeMZA" is a four-cylinder bottom-shaft engine FIAT-903 with a volume of 0.9 liters and a capacity of 45 liters. with. The model with the ZAZ-1140 index was even less common than the version with the Russian engine, because the purchase of foreign units required the same currency, the lack of which at that time was so acutely experienced by the Ukrainian plant ...
New time - new motors
After Koreans came to AvtoZAZ and the joint venture "AvtoZAZ-Daewoo" was created in March 1998, the Melitopol Motor Plant was incorporated into the enterprise as the KhRP "AvtoZAZ-Motor".
This move made it possible not only to keep the enterprise afloat, but also to revive it. Indeed, for the first time in 11 years since the start of production of Tavria and engines for it, MeMZ mastered a whole family of units, which were a further development of the same "two hundred and forty-fifth".
The Korean partners managed to "breathe a second life" into both Tavria and its power unit manufactured in Melitopol. The time-tested 1.1-liter MeMZ-245 remained in service, but thanks to high-quality components and a new OTK, it became much more reliable and durable, not much inferior in terms of motor resource VAZ units... According to official information of those years, the return of defective engines from AvtoZAZ decreased by an order of magnitude - up to 0.3%, and earlier the plant workers simply put up with an outright marriage of power units, just not to stop the conveyor.
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The "old new" motor was used on the basic versions of the "improved" Tavria with the NOVA attachment, while Slavuta's liftback received new motors with increased displacement, which were then "inherited" by Tavria. By the way, at one time, everything happened at the VAZ in about the same way: the most prestigious sedan model 21099 was initially equipped with only the most powerful one and a half liter engine.
Using the developments of the early nineties, with the technical and financial support of Korean partners in Melitopol, they finally began to produce engines of increased displacement and power.
Using a new piston group and a crankshaft with a stroke increased from 67 mm to 73.5 mm, the working volume was successful " with little blood"Raise up to 1.2 liters. This unit under the MeMZ-2457 index with a classic power system (carburetor) with a capacity of 58 hp. at the beginning of the 2000s became the basic modification of the engine for Slavuta.
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It is interesting that the standard "tavromotor" with a volume of 1.1 liters with the MeMZ-245 index by replacing the piston group and crankshaft can be easily converted into a 1.2-liter one, and such an upgrade will not affect the resource in any way, because all the parts used in this case are factory-made! In practice, many Ukrainian motorists overhaul engine added to it a little "cubes" and "horses" in such a simple and rather budgetary way.
In 2001, MeMZ began production of the 1.3-liter MeMZ-301/3011 engine. The increase in the next 100 "cubes" of the working volume was achieved by increasing the piston diameter from 72 to 75 mm. The engine is structurally somewhat different from the previous MeMZ motors of the 245 family: an engine block with an index of 301-1002013 with thicker walls, due to an increase in the diameter of the piston group, was deprived of the cooling channels between each pair of cylinders (1-2 and 3-4). Also, the motor was different from less voluminous counterparts. camshaft with wider valve timing for better cylinder filling.
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Such a 1.3-liter engine was designed to be installed not only in cars of the "Tavricheskiy" family, but also ... Daewoo lanos... The "budgetary" modification combined a "foreign car body" with a Ukrainian power unit, which had a favorable effect on the price. It is no coincidence that the L-1300, which subsequently received given name"Sens" has become a very popular Ukrainian car, which was able to take away many buyers from VAZ products.
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Of course, at MeMZ, in cooperation with the Dimitrovgrad Automobile Unit Plant (DAAZ, Russia), they actively worked on the introduction of a more modern and progressive power supply system - distributed injection, because without it it was impossible to fit even into the minimum emission standards of Euro-2.
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Both the 1.2-liter modification and the "301st" engine were transferred to the "injector". MeMZ-2477 with a volume of 1.2 liters with a maximum power of 63 liters. with. is a derivative of the carburetor version with the index 2457. This engine turned out to be the most economical of the whole family when driving at a uniform speed along the highway.
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Do you know that the first domestic car, which became the hero of thousands of jokes, became the legendary minicar, created at the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant? If you quickly “flip through” the weighty volume of the complete collection of oral works of the Soviet people, then one of its most significant chapters will probably be titled “Anecdotes about the Zaporozhets”. "Hunchback" ZAZ-965 and "eared" ZAZ-966 front-wheel drive vehicles, the first of which was the ZAZ-1102 "Tavria".
The design of a front-wheel drive car at ZAZ began back in 1970. Dozens of options were sorted out by the designers, before deciding to settle on the only layout of the car - with a three-door hatchback body and with a transversely arranged four-cylinder liquid-cooled engine It should be noted that exactly the same layout became the main and when designing a front-wheel drive G8 at the Volzhsky Automobile Plant.
The car turned out to be quite interesting.The three-door body turned out to be quite strong, rigid and light enough, the trunk is roomy (250 liters), and if you fold it forward backseat, then its volume increased to 700 liters, which is even more than that of the VAZ-2108!
Under the hood of the car, in addition to the engine with the units serving it, the designers also placed spare wheel From this, the trunk has become more spacious, however, by today's standards, such an arrangement of the "spare wheel" somewhat reduces the level passive safety car, which "Tavria" and so is not too large.
Unlike all "Cossacks", which had four-cylinder V-shaped engines air cooling, "Tavria" was equipped with a MeMZ-245 engine - an in-line "four" liquid-cooled with an overhead camshaft, its working volume was 1.091 liters, and its power was 48 liters. back 10 degrees Structurally, the motor is linked into a compact power unit, which also includes the clutch mechanism, gearbox and final drive. The camshaft and coolant pump drives are made by a flat-toothed belt.
The clutch is dry, single-disc, with an elastic driven disc, equipped with a torsional vibration damper and with a diaphragm pressure spring. The clutch control drive from the pedal to the fork is cable.
The gearbox is mechanical, five-speed, and the fourth and fifth gears are accelerating gearboxes made in the same crankcase with the main drive. The gearbox case is cast from a magnesium alloy and has external ribbing that increases its rigidity.
The main gear consists of a pair of cylindrical helical gears. The differential box is cast, cast iron. The front wheels are driven by two hinge shafts, each of which is a unit consisting of two joints of equal angular velocities - external and internal.
The front suspension of "Tavria" is a classic independent for cars of this type, such as McPherson ("swinging candle") with shock absorbers, each of which has a spring and a compression buffer, which are elastic suspension elements. By the way, this suspension at one time became the main one. for all front wheel drive vehicles developed by the Soviet auto industry.
Rear suspension - semi-independent, lever, with a connecting cross member made in the form of a low-alloy steel beam, which is also a stabilizer of lateral stability when the car is moving. Brackets are welded to the beam, with which the suspension is hinged, using silent blocks, attached to the body Hydraulic shock absorbers - double-acting telescopic type - they are arranged in almost the same way as the shock absorbers of the front suspension.
A lot of unconventional solutions were used in the design of the machine. One of the main ones is the device of hub assemblies, in which diskless wheels are used, which made it possible to reduce the so-called unsprung masses.
The wheels themselves consist of stamped rings and rims welded to them with a landing diameter of 13 inches (330 mm) Each of the wheels is attached by three studs using three nuts with tapered bearing surfaces: the front ones to the hubs and the rear ones to the brake drum.
The reduction of unsprung weight is also facilitated by the original design of the front disc brakes, which have a disc-ring with an inner grip with a brake caliper. Rear wheel brakes are drum brakes.
The steering gear is a rack and pinion type, which has increased reliability and contributes to a good perception of the road by the driver.
The engine ignition system is battery-operated, contactless, rated voltage 12 V It consists of a distributor sensor, a switch, a coil, spark plugs and high-voltage connecting wires The power supply circuit of the primary winding of the coil is interrupted by an electronic switch controlled by an electronic microswitch in the ignition distributor.
1 - headlight switch; 2 - turn signal switch; 3 - sun visor; 4 - instrument cluster; 5 - sound signal; 6 - glass wiper and washer control; 7 - mirror; 8 - steering wheel; 9, 11 - deflector blinds regulators; 10 - radio tape recorder; 12 - control of the heater tap; 13 - ashtray; 14 - glove box; 15 - gearshift lever; 16 - heater air distributor; 17 - parking brake; 18 - gas pedal; 19 - heater fan control; 20 - outdoor lighting switch; 21 - brake pedal; 22 - carburetor choke control (suction); 23 - connector for connecting a carrying lamp; 24 - clutch pedal; 25 - hood latch handle; 26 - ignition lock; 27 - alarm button.
1 - the upper support of the telescopic rack; 2 - suspension spring; 3 - compression buffer; 4 - telescopic rack; 5 - lower suspension arm; 6 - wheel; 7 - drive shaft with CV joint; 8 - ring-type brake disc.
1 - wheel; 2 - lever rear suspension; 3 - beam; 4 - spring; 5 - shock absorber; 6 - hub.
1 - speedometer; 2 - control lamp high beam; 3 - control lamp of malfunction of the brake system; 4 - lamp-repeater of direction indicators; 5 - fuel level indicator; 6 - thermometer of the cooling system; 7 - battery control lamp; 8 - control lamp for emergency oil pressure.
Ergonomics of the driver's seat - at the level modern cars of this class, and the design dashboard although it is extremely simplified, it is quite convenient for the driver to observe. Both on the highway and on city streets the car behaves well. Small dimensions, good visibility and quite decent maneuverability and throttle response allow the driver to feel on an equal footing with the owners of other cars, and the good stability of Tavria ”And a wide range of front seat adjustments allow him to travel long distances on suburban highways in one go without fatigue.
Thanks to the leading front wheels, the "Tavria" has a sufficiently high directional stability and good handling characteristics - even on slippery roads.
One of the main elements active safety The car is equipped with a double-circuit brake drive with a diagonal pipework pattern Passive safety is ensured by the body structure, due to which, in an accident, the impact energy is absorbed and the specified space in the cabin is maintained.In addition, the car is equipped with inertial seat belts, soft upholstery of the body pillars, energy-intensive bumpers made of impact-resistant modified polypropylene, crash-proof steering column and a three-layer triplex windshield.
It is interesting that "Tavria" inherited quite decent cross-country ability from the "Cossacks" - it behaves well on a country road thanks to its high ground clearance, small overhangs and a smooth bottom.
When the "Tavria" moves on country roads, the engine consumes only 4.8 liters of fuel per 100 km (at 90 km / h), and on city streets - 7.2 liters. By the way, the maximum speed of the "Tavria" is 132 km / h, and acceleration time of the car to a speed of 100 km / h - 24 s.
Serial production of the ZAZ-1102 model began in 1987, and six years later the plant mastered another modification of the car, called the ZAZ-1105 "Tavria" (later it was renamed "Dana"). the same powertrain and the same chassis.
Serial production of the next incarnation of "Tavria" - the hatchback ZAZ-1103 "Slavuta", designed with the participation of specialists from the Korean company Daewoo, began in 1997. Although the machine received a new 1.3-liter engine with a capacity of 63 hp, its design compared with the ZAZ-1102 has not changed too much True, unlike the "Tavria", in standard equipment car modification "luxury" (ZAZ-110308-01 "Slavuta") includes vacuum amplifier brakes, central locking, front power windows, heating rear window, a radio tape recorder and four speakers, as well as an air duct for heating the legs of the rear passengers.
In profile, the car can be mistaken for a sedan, but behind is not the trunk lid, but the fifth door, so formally "Slavuta" is still a hatchback (sometimes such hybrid bodies are called a liftback).
The capacity of the cabin has not changed in comparison with Tavria - four adults in Slavut are also cramped, but in the 2 + 2 version (two adults and two children) the car is quite comfortable.
The dashboard has hardly changed and the speedometer readings are still easy to read. However, the driver still lacks a tachometer. True, the appearance of the so-called econometer, which allows you to choose the most economical pace, is encouraging.
The gearbox ratios are well matched, which allows the car to accelerate to "hundreds" in 17.1 s. Interestingly, after 80 km / h the car "asks" to turn on the fifth gear. factory 150 km / h should not be better - already at 145 km / h a light car begins to literally slide over the road So the maximum that you can afford on a decent highway is 120 km / h It is at this speed that the econometric arrow indicates the optimal consumption fuel - about 6.5 l / 100 km.
If the reader is faced with the question of purchasing "Slavuta", then, as experts say, you need to think hard here. The fact is that this car was designed very well, but the assembly After a run of 1500 km after purchasing the car, the owner will have to carry out TO-1 - the car needs broaching of the chassis, cylinder head, valve adjustment, oil change in the engine and gearbox and replacement of air and oil filters - all this will cost the buyer a lot.However, in the future renovation work for any technically savvy car enthusiast they will not turn out to be overly complicated - the car is very simple and maintainable. Perhaps it is quite difficult to find spare parts in Russian stores. However, the prices of Slavuta and VAZ classics are quite comparable, and ZAZ-110Z looks like unlike more modern.
Ignition system (SZ) vehicle includes many nodes and devices interconnected. One of the main components of such a system in ZAZ cars is a distributor. How to correctly install the Tavria distributor, what malfunctions are characteristic of this device and how to repair it, we will describe below.
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In what cases is ignition installation necessary?
Tuning and repair of the ignition system
How to properly adjust the system operation? If you do not know how to set the ignition on Tavria, then we are ready to teach you this. The principle of setting SZ is to change the position of the valve in relation to the installation volute. Before you start tuning, you need to open the hood and look at this snail and distributor. Put marks on each element - this will allow you to put everything back in place if you make mistakes during the repair process.
The setup procedure looks like this:
- Get behind the wheel, put the key in the ignition of your Tavria and start the engine.
- Then, on a running power unit, you need to turn it slightly Switchgear- first in one direction and then in the other direction. At this moment, you need to listen to how the engine works, whether the dynamics of revolutions has changed. You need to catch the moment when the engine speed will be at its maximum. Usually this is not a specific point, but a place in half a division on the site. The most optimal ignition is located in this range. If the power unit of your car works with detonation, then try to set a later ignition.
- Then the distribution unit must be fixed in this position, and then diagnostics of the internal combustion engine operability in different operating modes.
- When the distributor is fixed, you need to ride a little. Accelerate the vehicle to approximately 60 km / h, shift into fourth gear, and then slow down to approximately 40 km / h and again depress the accelerator pedal sharply. At this moment, detonation should appear, but literally for 1-2 seconds, no more. If so, then we can assume that half of the work is done.
- In addition, you also need to check and internal combustion engine power... In the event that the engine power is not particularly high, then you can try again to adjust the distributor drive. In this case, you will need tweezers, as it will make this task much easier with its help. If you look at the distributor, you will notice that the cut under it on the drive is slightly offset to the side, so you should not make mistakes and install the drive incorrectly (the author of the video is a channel).
You can also adjust the distributor itself, the essence of this task is to change the level of tension of the weights, as well as setting the vacuum regulator. But keep in mind that to implement this procedure, you will need a special stand, which can not always be found even at a service station.
Photo gallery "Self-adjustment of the distributor"
Device malfunctions and remedies
For what reasons the distributor may refuse to work and how can the situation be corrected:
- The distribution unit has loosened, which led to the incorrect operation of the motor. Due to the loosened fastening, the lead angle could be lost, which in turn would lead to difficult starting, a decrease in power, as well as unstable idle speed. Fuel consumption will also increase. In this case, you just need to tighten the screw that secures the device using a wrench.
- Connected to the distribution mechanism high voltage wires in the wrong sequence. This can lead to the fact that the internal combustion engine will not start at all or will start, but at the same time pops will be heard from under the hood, the car will go jerky. Open up service book and specify how the high-voltage wires should be connected, reconnect them.
- Another malfunction is the broken mechanism cover. As practice shows, the breakdown site is usually clearly visible even with the naked eye. Due to breakdown, current leakage is possible, which contributes to malfunctions in the operation of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the only option would be to replace the cover.
- Oxidation or destruction of contacts has occurred in the distributor cover. If we are talking about oxidation, then you can clean the contacts with a solvent, but if the problem is destruction, then the elements must be replaced.
- The contact ember on the cover is worn out, while the motor will start with difficulty. Either the coal or the cover as a whole is replaced.
- Hall sensor breakage. Such a malfunction will lead to the impossibility of starting the motor, the controller should be replaced. It is possible that there was a break in the wiring from this controller to the connector, then the device needs to be checked more carefully.
- The upper bearing is worn out. Unstable idle speed... The problem is solved by replacing the roller with a centrifugal regulator, as well as a bearing device. Or the distribution mechanism will have to be changed completely.
- The vacuum advance regulator is out of order. With such a malfunction, the transport power unit will not be able to pull the car uphill, the engine power will significantly decrease, as well as its throttle response. This is due to the fact that the regulator itself is used in order to set the lead angle a little earlier in a high load mode on the motor. The reason may lie in the lack of tightness of the body of this device or in the jamming of the nozzle from the carburetor connected to it. Also, the problem may be a defective pivot plate. The solution to the problem may be to eliminate the leakage problems or replace the failed components. In extreme cases, you can completely replace the regulator.
- Problems in the operation of the centrifugal regulator. The symptoms will be similar. As for the reasons, it is necessary to check the springs of the weights, they could weaken or fail as a result of wear, the damper rings of the weights could also be lost, the weights themselves can jam. It is necessary to dismantle the distributor and replace the regulator itself, since its repair in most cases is impractical.
Tavria 1102 vehicle characteristics
Rice. 1. Car ZAZ-1102 "Tavria":
1 - ignition coil; 2 - engine; 3 - sensor-distributor; 4 - the hood; 5 - expansion tank; 6 - air cleaner; 7 - wiper blade; 8 - instrument panel; nine -wheel; 10 - rear-view mirror; 11 - sun visor; 12 - body; 13 - tailgate; 14 - tailgate stop; 15 - rear lamp; 16 - back buffer; 11 - mudguard; 18 - muffler pipe; 19 - brake drum; 20 - rear suspension shock absorber; 21 - rear suspension beam; 22 - muffler; 23 - fuel tank; 24 - seat belt; 25 - rear seat back; 26 - rear seat cushion; 27 - outside rear-view mirror; 28 - front seat; 29 - parking brake lever; 30 - gearbox control mechanism; 31 - clutch pedal; 32 - spare wheel; 33 - decorative cap; 34 - wheel; 35 - hub flange front wheel; 36 - articulated shaft (semiaxis); 37 - front suspension strut; 38 - gearbox; 39 - accumulator battery; 40 - main brake cylinder; 41 windscreen washer tank; 42 - direction indicator; 43 - steering gear; 44 - starter; 45 - generator; 46 - radiator; 47 - front buffer; 48 headlight.
Rice. 2. The main dimensions of the vehicle (height is given without load)
Car ZAZ-1102 "Tavria"(Fig. 1) developed at the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant. The first batch of these cars was produced by the plant in 1987. The production of these cars is increasing every year.
In parallel with the base model ZAZ-1102 "Tavria" the plant produces cars various configurations that differ from the base one with a fabric carpet on the passenger compartment floor, seats with combined upholstery, the installation of head restraints on the backs of the front seats, a windscreen washer and wiper on the tailgate, moldings on the sidewalls of the body, etc. Basic model Tavria is complemented by three modifications of hand-operated vehicles for disabled people.
Car ZAZ-11027 "Tavria" intended for disabled people who have one leg injured, but have healthy hands.
The car is equipped with:
a special pedal (under the right or left foot);
double-lever switch for light signaling and windshield wipers; switch "mass".
Car ZAZ-11028 "Tavria" intended for disabled people who have both legs amputated or injured, but have healthy hands.
The car is equipped with:
manual control throttle valves carburetor;
a special electric vacuum drive for disengaging the clutch;
manually operated hydraulic brake control;
double-lever switch for light signaling and windshield wipers; switch "mass";
a special handle (on the gearbox control lever) with a button for disengaging the electric vacuum drive for disengaging the clutch.
Car ZAZ-11029 "Tavria" designed for disabled people with one leg and one arm.
The car is equipped with:
a special pedal for controlling the throttle valves of the carburetor; an electro-vacuum drive for disengaging the clutch;
special hydraulic brake pedal;
control lever parking brake under the right or left hand;
a special steering wheel with a slip ring on the shaft.
A horn switch, a turn switch, a headlight switch, a wiper and washer switch, a gear selection ring are mounted on the steering shaft;
special foot switch for gearbox;
switch "mass";
a special speed limit sign on the front and rear windows.
Car ZAZ-1102 "Tavria" is a model of an especially small class (Fig. 2), which is fundamentally different from its predecessors. Each detail at Tavria is original in terms of layout and the most important technical solutions and corresponds to modern trends in the development of the automotive industry.
The front-wheel drive scheme, more modern, replaced the rear-engine one, which was previously used on all ZAZ cars. Power unit, consisting of an engine, a gearbox and a final drive, located in the front of the body, is located across the engine compartment.
This arrangement and the transmission of torque to the front wheels made it possible to create a fairly spacious salon for 4 ... 5 people, have a two-volume, easily transformable luggage compartment in passenger and cargo-passenger versions.
When transporting large luggage, the rear seat folds down and the useful volume of the trunk almost triples.
The body of the car is wedge-shaped, three-door, two-volume, hatchback type. Thanks to large side doors, curved side windows, anatomical front seats with infinitely adjustable backrest tilt and a wide range of longitudinal movement and rather wide rear seats, convenient entry and exit of passengers sitting in front and rear, convenient and comfortable seating and placement are provided.
The most important indicator of a car is its economy. It is achieved primarily thanks to an engine with a new combustion process, a high compression ratio, a two-chamber carburetor and a switched off fan in the cooling system. Affected here and the relatively low weight of the car, the new design of tires, five-speed gearbox overdrive gears, aerodynamically improved body shape.
Technical specifications car ZAZ-1102 "Tavria":
The number of seats, including the driver's seat ............................................ .................................. 4 or 5
Weight of cargo transported in luggage compartment, kg (no more) ................. 50
Permissible total weight of cargo in the roof rack, within
gross vehicle weight, kg ............................................. ................................................. ( not more) 50
Mach of an unloaded vehicle, kg ............................................. ................................... 660
"Equipped car, kg ............................................. ................................................. 710
Full mass car, kg ............................................... ................................................. 1110
Distribution of the load on the road from the car, N through the tires of the front wheels:
equipped ................................................. .................................................. .................................. 4312.0
total weight ................................................ .................................................. ................................ 5620.0
via rear tires:
equipped ................................................. .................................................. ............................... 2646.0
total weight ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 5274.7
Ground clearance at nominal static radius of tires under load, mm:
under the spar ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 173
»Clutch housing ............................................... .................................................. .............. 162
"Rear axle cross member .............................................. .................................................. ..... 170
The smallest turning radius of the vehicle along the axis of the front track
outer (relative to the center of rotation) wheel, m, no more ................. 5
Outer overall radius of the vehicle at the outermost point of the front bumper farthest from the center
turn, m, not more ............................................ .................................................. ................. 5.5
Maximum speed car movements in fourth gear, km / h:
at full weight ............................................... .................................................. ...................... 140
with driver and passenger .............................................. .................................................. ... 148
Acceleration time from standstill with gear shifting to vehicle speed of 100 km / h, s (no more):
at full weight ............................................... .................................................. ......................twenty
with driver and passenger .............................................. .................................................. ... 17
Maximum rise overcome by the car,%, not less ... 36
Braking distance of a car moving with full weight at a speed of 80 km / h on a horizontal, dry, level road section with asphalt concrete pavement, m, no more:
when using the service brake system ............................................. .......... 43.2
spare brake system ............................................... ............................................. 93,2
The total mass of the towed trailer (only with the use of a special
special towing device), kg:
not equipped with brakes ............................................... ........................................... 300
equipped with brakes ................................................ ................................................. 600
Fuel consumption (when running on AI-93 gasoline), l:
at a speed of 90 km / h ............................................ .................................................. ................... 4.6
120 km / h .............................................. .................................................. ........................................... 6.6
when driving in the city .............................................. .................................................. .......... 6.8
Thanks to the front drive wheels and a rack and pinion steering mechanism, the Tavria has a fairly high directional stability, in general, the handling characteristics are noticeably improved, especially on slippery road surfaces. Front-wheel drive has created the basis for safer driving. It is this feature that contributed to the development and distribution of front-wheel drive vehicles.
