For cars UAZ Patriot and UAZ Hunter, as well as all models based on them, front and rear single-stage drive axles of the Spicer type with a one-piece crankcase are installed, named after the American engineer Clarence Spicer, author of more than thirty patents and owner of the Spicer Manufacturing Company, now - Dana Corporation ...
Front and rear axle of the Spicer type began to be installed on the UAZ-3160 and UAZ-3162 Simbir cars, instead of the bridges of the old design, and from them they were inherited by the UAZ Patriot, UAZ Pickup, UAZ Cargo and UAZ Hunter.
Front and rear axles of the Spicer type on the UAZ Patriot, device.
The front axle is combined, it simultaneously performs the functions of driving and steered, is a rigid hollow beam, inside which the main hypoid gear and differential are located. From the main gear, the torque is transmitted to the front hubs through the axle shafts.
The axle shaft is a single piece with constant velocity joints (CV joints) of the Rceppa-Bearfield type, named after its inventor Alfred Rceppa and the American company Bearfield, which produced it under a patent. It is more compact than the Bendix-Weiss hinge on Timken bridges and can handle larger angles and transmit more torque.
At present, the front axles of the old design of the Timken type, which are still installed on cars, are equipped with such hinges. For this reason, they have acquired the name - hybrid bridges.
The rear axle is a rigid hollow beam, at the ends of which the hubs of the driving wheels are mounted on bearings, and the main hypoid gear and differential are located inside. From the main gear, the torque is transmitted through the axle shafts to the hub. The front and rear axles have main gears and differentials of the same design.
Features of the design of the front and rear axles of the Spicer type.
Spicer axles are largely unified with the old Timken-type single-stage axles, they have the same differential bearings, rear axle half-shafts and almost all parts of the hub assemblies.
The thickness of the driven gear substrate in the new axles was increased by 8 millimeters, which reduced noise and increased the reliability of the final drive. The new differential can be used on old single-stage axles with a split crankcase, provided that an expansion ring is installed on the spike of the cup.
The currently produced front and rear Spicer axles have a final drive ratio of 4.111 or 4.625. The first ones are installed mainly on UAZ vehicles with gasoline engines, and the second - for cars with diesel engines, and all vehicles from the 2015 model year onwards.
On UAZ Hunter cars and all models based on it, the so-called narrow axles with a track gauge of 1445 mm are installed, catalog number front axle 31605-2300011 - main gear ratio 4.111, or 31608-2300011 s gear ratio 4.625. Catalog number rear axle 31605-2400010-30 - gear ratio 4.111 or 31514-2400010-10 - from 4.625.
Wide bridges with 1600 mm track gauge, front axle catalog number 3163-2300011, 3163-2300011-10, 3163-2300011-10, gear ratio 4.111 or 4.625 are installed on UAZ Patriot, UAZ Pickup and UAZ Cargo cars. Rear axle part number 3162-2400010-10, 3163-2400010, gear ratio 4.111 or 4.625.
Verification and Maintenance front and rear axles of the Spicer type on the Oise.
Maintenance of the front and rear axles consists in maintaining the required level of transmission oil in their crankcase, it should be at the lower edge of the filler hole, and its timely replacement.
And also in checking seals, timely detection and elimination of axial clearances in the gears of the main drive, periodic cleaning of the safety valve, tightening all fasteners and cleaning the magnetic plug from metal particles when replacing the transmission oil.
To lubricate the Bearfield type hinges, a special SHRUS-4 grease is used, which does not need to be put into the entire internal cavity steering knuckle, as before, but only in the hinge itself. The use of greases of a different type, including the traditional Litol-24, is unacceptable. During operation, adding grease to the joint is not required. The inner cavity of the steering knuckle is filled with Litol-24 grease.
Adjustment of axial clearances in the front and rear axle UAZ.
Axial clearance in the bearings of the main drive pinion is not allowed, since if it is present, the gear teeth quickly wear out and the bridge may jam. Axial clearance is checked by swinging the drive gear by the mounting flange cardan shaft.
To eliminate the axial play of the pinion gear, tighten the flange nut. The nut has a punching in the groove of the threaded part of the drive gear and when tightening, more effort will be required on the wrench. The nut is tightened carefully until the axial clearance of the pinion gear is eliminated, avoiding its constriction, after which it will re-center. If the tightened nut cannot be tightened, then it should first be released by 0.5-1.0 turns, and then tightened until the axial clearance is eliminated and tightened.
Axial play in the bearings of the differential of the final drive is also not allowed. It is checked by swinging the driven gear with the crankcase cover removed. The axial clearance of the driven gear of the main drive is eliminated by tightening the differential bearing nut, after removing the lock plate.
Front axle UAZ Patriot, mounted on a spring suspension with additional shock absorbers, is designed to install steering knuckles. The structure of the beam has a gearbox with a differential, which allows the transmission and distribution of torque between the front wheels.
The front axle is equipped with a monolithic cast gearbox housing (Spicer scheme), in which the axle stockings are installed. Due to the absence of a parting line, the rigidity of the structure is increased and the working conditions of the gear drives are improved. A bolted cover is used to access the gear and differential. The internal volume of the crankcase is used to store a stock of lubricant; drain and control holes with plugs are provided. Stockings mounted with an interference fit are intended for mounting the beam on the frame and for mounting the front wheel drive axle shafts.
To turn the front tires with simultaneous supply of torque, ball joints (CV joints) of the Birnfield scheme are used. There is a stock of special lubricant in the hinge cavity, which does not need to be replenished during the operation of the car. The front wheels have a fixed angle of installation in the vertical plane, in the horizontal direction the angle of convergence is adjusted on the stand. Steering knuckles with a pivot scheme, the pivot axle is tilted, providing an automatic return of the front tires to neutral position.
Advantages of the Spicer front beam:
- an increase in the track gauge up to 1600 mm, which made it possible to increase the stability of the car;
- the steering angle of the steered wheels reaches 32 °, which has a positive effect on the maneuverability of the vehicle;
- the use of the Spicer beam made it possible to abandon leaf springs in favor of a spring dependent suspension;
- the design of the steering knuckles does not require routine maintenance and replacement of lubricants;
- access to the mechanisms for repair is carried out through a removable cover;
- increasing the rigidity of the structure and placing the gearbox and differential in a single crankcase made it possible to increase the resource of the unit;
- noise reduction due to the installation of a modernized driven gear (the part can be installed in old-design bridges with a split crankcase).
Switching the bridge on and off
Torque is transmitted to the front axle gearbox via a splined propeller shaft connected to a 2-stage transfer gearbox. There are 2 types of transfer cases on Patriot cars: mechanically controlled (Russian design) and electrically driven (Dymos gearbox, used since mid-2013).
To control the gearboxes, a lever or swivel washer located on the central tunnel of the body is used.
- Depress the clutch pedal as far as it will go.
- Move the gearbox control lever to the required position, the control algorithm is indicated on the plastic knob of the handle. The manufacturer allows the transition to the mode of transmission of torque to 2 axles using direct transmission in transfer case at speeds up to 60 km / h.
- Release the clutch pedal and continue driving with active all-wheel drive. To disengage the front axle, press the clutch pedal again, and then set the transfer gear lever to neutral.
To engage the front axle on vehicles with Dymos box it is necessary to turn the washer to the required position. The design of the transmission allows all-wheel drive to be engaged while driving, but if you want to activate a lower row, then the car should be stopped. Then it is necessary to move the main box to the neutral position, which will enable the lowered row in the transfer case.
Frequent malfunctions
The design of the front drive axle is characterized by increased reliability, possible malfunctions arise due to natural wear of rubbing parts or violation of operating conditions. Gearbox breakdowns are associated with loss of crankcase tightness or damage gear wheels... The car owner can independently find the cause of the breakdown and carry out repairs in a garage.
High noise level
An increased noise level indicates a decrease in the oil level and mechanical wear of the rolling bearings or gears. main pair and differential. If adding grease did not allow to reduce the noise of operation, then it is required to disassemble the unit and replace the worn out elements.
After reassembling and restoring the oil level, the Patriot front axle is checked for functionality.
Noise during axle operation occurs due to incorrect adjustment of the final drive gears. To restore normal operating conditions, the position of the parts is adjusted (using steel gaskets), but if the teeth are damaged or worn, it is impossible to provide the required contact patch. In this case, a complete replacement of the gear wheels is made; it is strictly forbidden to install gears from different sets.
The leakage occurs through the gasket between the cover and the gearbox housing and also through the packing gland. The cause of the defect is wear of parts or damage to elements during the installation or maintenance of the vehicle. To restore normal operating conditions, it is necessary to replace the damaged parts, it is allowed to apply sealant to the surface of the gasket. After repairs, it is necessary to restore the level of transmission oil in the front axle gear case.
Drying out the grease
During the operation of the machine, degradation of the lubricant located in the axle housing occurs. At high temperatures, the oil evaporates, and when overcoming water barriers, water enters the cavity. To check the lubricant level, a control hole closed with a screw plug is used. If the owner regularly crosses water obstacles, it is recommended to install extension hoses on the ventilation ducts. The highways are led out under the hood of the car, reducing the risk of water and dirt getting into the crankcases.
Jammed knot
Gearbox jamming occurs in the event of an increased axial clearance in the bearing assemblies on which the drive shaft of the main pair rotates. Due to the movement of the axle, the contact patch between the gears is disturbed, which leads to wear and destruction of the teeth.
During operation, it is necessary to periodically check the condition of the bearings by swinging the drive axle by the flange intended for fastening the propeller shaft.
Maintenance of the bridge consists in periodically checking the level and changing the oil in the crankcase (every 45 thousand km of run). It is recommended to check the condition of the sealing elements and parts holding the beam on the vehicle. It is also necessary to timely adjust the axial clearances, which change due to natural wear of gears and rolling bearings. Additionally, the clearance in the pivots of the steering knuckles is eliminated and the toe angle is corrected.
The old oil is drained after warming up the crankcase in motion. A threaded plug is provided in the design of the body; a container is placed under the hole to collect the spent liquid. It is necessary to wipe the surface of the plug from particles formed during wear of the gears (a magnet is provided in the design of the part). Oil filling is carried out through a control hole closed with a threaded plug. The level of grease near the bottom edge of the hole is considered normal.
DIY repair
The design of the front beam allows for renovation works on their own, but part of the work is performed under service conditions. For example, the owner of a car cannot correctly adjust the deflection angle of the front wheels. A thrust bolt is provided in the beam scheme, which does not allow the fist to deflect by an angle greater than 31-32 °, but the parameter can be determined only on the stand.
Algorithm of actions when installing a new drive shaft oil seal:
- Place the car on a level surface, then apply the parking brake and place stops under the wheels.
- Using wrenches, loosen the 4 bolts holding the propeller shaft flange to the mating platform located on the drive shaft end. To facilitate the procedure, it is recommended to treat the threads with WD40 fluid.
- Remove bolts and move drive shaft to one side.
- Remove the center nut holding the reflector flange to the front axle drive shaft.
- Hook up the worn oil seal with a screwdriver or awl, and then remove the part from the bore.
- Wipe off oil and dust residues with a cloth.
- Install a new oil seal in its original place, the worn part is used as a mandrel.
- Mount the washer and flange on the shaft and then tighten the retaining nut.
During self service it becomes necessary to correct the convergence of the front discs with the tires. To change the parameter, use the transverse Tie Rod, in which a clutch with lock nuts is provided. Before adjustment, the steering rod joints and wheel bearings are checked, in which there should be no backlash. To determine the angle, you need to measure the distance between the center lines on the sidewalls of the tires. If set correctly, the front clearance is 0.5-1.5 mm greater than the rear tire spacing.
SPICEER
(spicer bridge)
The axle housing is assembled from a cast crankcase of the primary gear, as well as casings (stockings) of the axle shafts and a stamped cover pressed into it. It should be noted that the absence of a standard connector in the plane of the bridge gives the bridge structure higher rigidity, the unloaded connection of the cover with the crankcase, in principle, reduces leaks at their junction, and the placement of the primary main gear and the axle differential in a single crankcase ensures the highest accuracy of engagement of mechanisms and assemblies and more suitable conditions for the operation of bearings. Thanks to all these design features, the actual life of the bridges has increased significantly. Indeed, in addition, now, in order to access the primary pair and differential, it is absolutely not inevitable to dismantle the bridge from the car and "half" it - it is very easy to remove the cover. Maintenance of the Spicer bridge is reduced to maintaining a normal oil level in the crankcase and changing it, monitoring the condition of the axle seals and fasteners, and eliminating the resulting gaps in the differential and pinion bearings. The details of the maintenance and repair operations for Spicer bridges are described in the Manual for the maintenance and repair of the UAZ-Patriot vehicle IR-05808600.050-2005. Third edition. 2007 To reduce warpage of the driven gear during its heat treatment and, as a result, reduce noise, increase the reliability and durability of the main gear, the thickness of the "substrate" of the driven gear was increased by 8 mm. Unfortunately, this measure resulted in a change to the left differential cup. However, the new differential can be used on the old split crankcase single-stage axles, provided that an expansion ring is installed on the spike of the cup. Spicer bridges are unified with old single-stage bridges in a number of other details. These are differential bearings, rear axle axle shafts and almost all parts of the hub assemblies. The front bearing with a double seal (469-2307086-03) and a new double-lip collar of the drive pinion flange are unified with similar parts of the U-shaped ("military") axles manufactured by JSC "UAZ". As for the front driving and steering axles, here, in addition to the above points, it should be noted the new constant velocity joints (CV joints) of the Birfield type, which are much more durable than the old design joints (Weiss). CV joints of this type are familiar to our drivers from front-wheel drive models, both domestic and foreign production... At present, all Spicer and Timken bridges are equipped with such hinges. It will be useful to remind their owners that to lubricate the Birfield hinges, a special lubricant SHRUS-4 (SHRUS-4) is used, which should not be put into the entire inner cavity of the steering knuckle, as before, but only into the hinge itself. The use of greases of a different type, including the traditional "Litol-24", is unacceptable. During operation, adding grease to the joint is not required. The inner cavity of the steering knuckle is filled with Litol-24 grease. The Spicer-type bridges currently produced by the plant have a gear ratio of 4.111 (37: 9) or 4.625 (37: 8). Axles with a gear ratio of 4.111 are installed mainly on cars with gasoline engines, and with a gear ratio of 4.625 - on cars with diesel engines. Work on improving the design is carried out at the plant constantly, and we will try to inform you about all new products coming out in the range of UAZ driving axles. In the early 90s, for the new UAZ-3160 vehicle at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, Spicer-type drive axles with a one-piece crankcase were developed. Currently, Spicer bridges are being installed on UAZ-Hanter, UAZ-Patriot, UAZ-23602, UAZ-23632 vehicles ...
FRONT AXLE
Fig. 1 Final drive:
1 - bolt; 2, 33 - spring washers; 3 - driven gear; 4, 24 - semi-axes; 5 - an adjusting ring; 6, 22 - bearings; 7 - spacer sleeve; 8 - outer cage of the outer roller bearing; 9 - roller bearing; 10 - thrust ring; 11 - oil seal; 12 - reflector; 13- flange; 14 - washer; 15 - nut; 16 - bridge housing; 17 - an adjusting ring of the driving gear; 18 - outer cage of the inner roller bearing; 19 - inner roller bearing; 20 - oil deflector ring; 21 - shaft with a driving gear; 23 - differential bearing adjusting nut; 25, 39 - right and left parts of the differential housing; 26 - bolt; 27, 40 - support washers of the semi-axle gears; 28, 43 - semi-axle gears; 29, 45 - axles of differential satellites; 30, 41, 44, 46 - differential satellites; 31, 38 - differential bearing caps; 32 - retainer for differential bearing adjusting nut; 34, 36, 37 - bolts; 35 - cover of the main gear housing; 42 - gasket for the cover of the final drive housing
Possible malfunctions
Cause of malfunction Remedy
constant increased noise during the operation of the front axle
1. Worn or incorrectly adjusted differential bearings.
2. Incorrect adjustment. damage or wear of gears or gearbox bearings.
3. Insufficient amount of oil in the axle housing. 1.1. Replace worn parts, adjust differential bearing.
2.2. Determine if the gearbox is faulty, repair or replace it
3.3. Restore the oil level, check if there is no oil leakage through the seals of the front axle housing
Noise during vehicle acceleration and engine braking
1. Incorrect adjustment of the meshing of the gears of the main transfer.
2. Incorrect lateral clearance in the meshing of the final drive gears.
3.Increased clearance in the pinion bearings due to a loose flange nut or bearing wear. 1.1. Adjust the engagement.
2.2 Adjust the clearance.
3.3. Adjust clearance, replace bearings if necessary.
Knock at the start of the vehicle
Worn hole for the pinion axle in the differential box Replace the differential box and, if necessary, the pinion pin
Replacing the oil seal of the drive gear shaft of the front axle reducer
Replace the oil seal if oil leaks from under the gearbox flange.
Note
Oil leakage can also be caused by an excess of oil in the crankcase or a clogged breather.
You will need: socket head "27", wrench, flat-blade screwdriver, torque wrench.
1. Brake the car parking brake, place the stops under rear wheels car. Raise and support the front of the vehicle.
2. Keeping the bolts from turning, unscrew the four nuts securing the propeller shaft to the flange of the front axle gearbox, remove the bolts and move the shaft aside (see "Removal and Installation cardan transmission»).
3. Unscrew the nut securing the front axle drive shaft flange and remove the flange with the reflector.
4. Using a screwdriver, remove the oil seal from the axle housing.
5. Mandrel suitable size Press the new oil seal into place.
Note
6. Install the parts in the reverse order of removal.
7. Tighten the front axle drive gear shaft flange nut by turning the shaft by the flange so that the bearings sit in place (see "Adjusting the front axle final drive bearings").
Removal and installation of the wheel cut-off clutch
The wheel clutch is removed to replace it or gain access to other units.
You will need: wrench "14", flat-blade screwdriver, external circlip remover.
1. Remove the three fastening screws ... 2. ... and remove the clutch cover. 3. Remove the six bolts securing the wheel cut-off clutch and remove it. 4. Remove the three screws securing the coupling cover to the flange ... 5. ... and remove the cover. 6. With the Outer circlip remover, use a screwdriver to pry the circlip apart? 7. “remove the circlip and the washer installed under it” 8.… .and remove the splined sleeve from the flange.
9. Install the parts in the reverse order of removal.
Removal and installation of a semiaxis
The half-shafts of the front wheels are removed for replacement in case of damage, failure of the constant velocity joints (SHRUS) or to gain access to other units.
1. Brake the car with the parking brake, set the stops under the rear wheels of the car. Raise and place the front of the car on supports, remove the wheel. 2. Remove the brake disc (see "Replacing the brake disc"). 3. Remove the wheel speed sensor (see "Replacing the sensors anti-lock braking system brakes "). 4. Unscrew the bolts securing the trunnion to the steering knuckle and remove the trunnion assembly with the hub and the wheel shut-off clutch (see "Removing and installing the steering knuckle"). 5. Remove the axle shaft assembly with the CV joint from the axle housing.
6. Before installing the semiaxis, put clean SHRUS-4 grease into the constant velocity joints.
7. Install the parts in the reverse order of removal.
Replacing the oil seal of the semiaxis of the front axle
Replace the oil seal if you find oil leakage from the steering knuckle. You will need a flat-blade screwdriver.
Note
Oil leakage can also be caused by excess oil in the crankcase or a clogged breather.
1. Brake the car with the parking brake, set the stops under the rear wheels of the car. Raise and place the front of the car on supports, remove the wheel.
2. Remove the steering knuckle (see "Removing and installing the steering knuckle") and fix it in a vise. 3. Using a screwdriver, remove the oil seal from the ball joint of the steering knuckle.
4. Install a new oil seal, carefully pressing it into the ball joint using a mandrel of a suitable diameter, and lubricate the working edge of the oil seal with Litol-24 grease.
Note
An old oil seal can be used as a mandrel.
5. Install the parts in the reverse order of removal.
Removal and installation of the main transfer of the front axle
The main gear is removed for repair or replacement. You will need: keys "for 10", socket head "for 19", "for 27".
1. Brake the car with the parking brake, set the stops under the rear wheels of the car. Raise and place the front of the car on supports, remove the wheels.
2. Unscrew the plug and drain the oil from the front axle (see "Changing the oil in the front axle"). 3. Remove both axle shafts (see "Removing and installing a semiaxis"). 4. Disconnect the left end of the tie rod from the bipod of the steering mechanism (see "Adjustment and replacement of the ends of the tie rods") and take the tie to the side. 5. Keeping the bolts from turning, unscrew the four nuts securing the propeller shaft to the flange of the front axle gearbox and take it aside (see "Removing and installing the propeller shaft"). 6. Remove the ten bolts securing the cover of the final drive housing ... 7. ... and remove the cover. 8. Clean the old gasket from the mating surface.
9. Unscrew the nut securing the front axle drive shaft flange.
10. Remove the reflector flange.
11. Unscrew two bolts of the differential bearing caps, remove the covers and remove the differential assembly with the driven gear, and then the shaft with the drive gear assembly with the rear bearing.
12. Remove the flange oil seal (see "Replacing the shaft seal of the drive gear of the front axle reducer").
13. Remove the front pinion shaft bearing from the front axle housing.
14. Press out the outer races of the front and rear bearings of the drive gear shaft from the crankcase.
15. Install the parts in the reverse order of removal.
16. Adjust the final drive (see "Adjusting the bearings of the main drive of the front axle").
17. Fill the front axle crankcase with oil (see "Checking the level and adding oil to the front axle crankcase").
Disassembly and assembly of the front axle differential
You will need: keys "for 14", "for 17".
1. Remove the differential assembly with the driven gear (see "Removal and installation of the main transfer of the front axle").
2. Press the bearings off the axle of the differential box.
3. Remove the ten bolts securing the driven gear to the differential and remove the driven gear.
4. Remove the eight differential carrier cup bolts and separate the cup.
5. Remove the differential gears and pinions with axles.
6. Assemble the differential in the reverse order of removal.
Note
Before assembling the differential, lubricate transmission oil semi-axle gears, satellites, thrust washers and the axis of the satellites.
7. Tighten the bolts securing the driven gear of the differential box evenly, screwing each bolt one turn, alternately going from bolt to bolt in diameter.
Adjusting the bearings of the main drive of the front axle
Adjust the final drive bearings in the following order.
1. Select the adjusting ring 5 (see Fig. 6.4). Its thickness d1 (Fig. 6.5) is determined (with an accuracy of + -0.025 mm) based on the actual dimensions B and D (see Fig. 6.5 and 6.6) by the formula d1 = B - (111.960 + D) (mm).
Rice. 6.6. Differential bearing adjustment parameters
Rice. 6.7. Measuring the mounting height of the main drive pinion bearing:
1 - mandrel; 2 - outer bearing race; 3 - bearing
Install the ring in the crankcase 16 (see Fig. 6.4) of the main gear.
2. Install the pinion shaft into the front axle housing.
Note
Check the torque of the pinion shaft. It should be 1.0-2.0 N / cm (0.1-0.2 kgf / cm).
3. When installing the differential assembly with the driven gear, measure dimension E (Fig. 6.7), applying an axial force P equal to 4000-5000 N (400-500 kgf), and turning the gear several times so that the bearing rollers take the correct position. Measure the distance B in the crankcase (see Fig. 6.5) from the pinion axle to the thrust end of the differential bearing. According to the actual dimensions B, E and the mounting dimension of the driven gear, equal to 50 mm, select (with an accuracy of + -0.025 mm) the adjusting ring according to the formula
d2 = B - (E + 50 + X) (mm), where d2 is the thickness of the adjusting ring;
X is the maximum deviation from the mounting dimension, equal to 50 mm, with the corresponding sign (plus or minus), this dimension is applied electrograph to the end face of the driven gear.
4. Install the differential assembly with the outer rings of its bearings and the adjusting ring into the front axle housing and secure it.
5. Adjust bearings 6 and 22 (see Fig. 6.4) of the front axle differential by tightening nut 23, periodically rotating the differential so that the bearing rollers take the correct position. After tightening the nut, the total turning torque of the differential drive gear (Mw. W.) Should be within Mw. NS. + (0.21-0.42) (Nm). Carry out the check by turning by the pinion gear.
Fig. (6.8.) Measurement of the installation dimension of the differential with bearing:
1, 5 - mandrel; 2 - differential assembly with a driven gear; 3 - bearing; 4 - outer bearing race
Note
Check and adjust the lateral clearance in the meshing of the gear wheels of the installed new final drive set after adjusting the position of the gears.
The lateral clearance is checked with an indicator, the post of which is attached to the bridge casing in the direction n
perpendicular to the tooth surface of the driven gear when attaching the indicator stand to the housing. Check the clearance on three to four teeth, evenly spaced around the circumference. The spread of clearance values should not exceed 0.05 mm. Normal side clearance should be between 0.15 and 0.25 mm. If the side clearance is less than the specified value, then the selected adjusting ring should be replaced with a ring of a smaller thickness. It is not necessary to preload the differential bearings when checking and adjusting the lateral clearance.
6. Tighten the adjusting nut 23 until it comes into contact with the bearings and disappears in them.
7. Check the meshing of the main gears by the contact patch, for which paint the teeth of the driven gear with paint (2 teeth in three or four places evenly around the circumference). 8. While braking the drive gear shaft by the flange, rotate the driven gear in both directions until contact spots appear on the gear teeth, as shown in fig. 6.8.
Note
With the correct adjustment of the gear engagement, the contact patch should be located in the places of the teeth shown in Fig. 6.8 (item 1).
In case of contact at the top of the tooth (key 2), move the drive gear to the driven gear, increasing the thickness of the adjusting ring, and to maintain the value of the lateral clearance, move the driven gear away from the driving gear.
In case of contact at the base of the tooth (key 3), move the drive gear away from the driven gear, reducing the thickness of the adjusting ring, and to maintain the value of the side clearance, move the driven gear to the drive gear.
Rice. (6.9.) The location of the contact patch on the teeth of the final drive gears:
A - forward side; B - side reverse; 1 - correct location; 2 - the contact patch is located at the apex of the tooth; 3 - the contact patch is located at the base of the tooth; 4 - the contact patch is located at the narrow end of the tooth; 5 - the contact patch is located at the wide end of the tooth
In case of contact at the narrow end of the tooth (key 4), move the driven gear away from the driving gear, reducing the thickness of the adjusting ring, while moving the driving gear to the driven gear to maintain the value of the lateral clearance.
In case of contact at the wide end of the tooth (key 5), move the driven gear to the drive gear, increasing the thickness of the adjusting ring, and to maintain the value of the side clearance, move the drive gear away from the driven gear.
9. Install the retaining plate onto the differential bearing cover.
10. After assembling the final drive, check its heating after making a test drive on the car. If the front axle housing in the area of the drive pinion bearings and differential bearings heats up over 90 ° C, then re-adjust the preload
REAR AXLE
Single-stage drive axles are installed on the Hunter car (Fig. 1). The main gear and differential of the rear and front axles are similar in design. The rear axle of the UAZ Hunter is a rigid hollow beam, at the ends of which the hubs of the driving wheels are installed on the bearings, and the main gear (hypoid) and the differential are located inside. From the main gear, the torque is transmitted through the axle shafts to the hub.
Maintenance of the rear axle consists in maintaining the required oil level in the crankcase and changing it in time, checking the seals. timely detection and elimination of axial clearances in the gears of the main drive, periodic cleaning of the safety valve, tightening of all fasteners and cleaning the magnetic plug from metal particles when changing the oil.
The axial clearance in the bearings of the main drive pinion is not allowed, because if it is present, there is a rapid wear of the gear teeth and the bridge may jam. Check the presence of axial clearance by swinging the drive gear by the propeller shaft mounting flange.
Axial play in the bearings of the differential of the final drive is also not allowed. Check it by swinging the driven gear (see Figure 1) 2 with the cover removed 21
Eliminate the axial clearance of the driven gear of the main drive by tightening the nut 17 of the differential bearing, after removing the lock plate 19.
1 - Carter; 2 - driven gear of the main transfer; 3 - gear wheel leading the main transfer; 4 - rear bearing; 5 - front bearing; 6 - ring; 7 - flange; 8 - nut; 9 - washer; 10 - cuff; 11 - spacer sleeve; 12 - adjusting ring; 13 - oil distilling ring; 14 - filler plug; 15 - differential bearings; 16 - right semiaxis; 17 - differential bearing nut; 18 - bolt; 19 - locking plate; 20 - persistent washer; 21 - crankcase cover; 22 - differential; 23 - bolt; 24 - gasket; 25 - left semiaxis; 26 - safety valve; 27 - adjusting ring; 28 - bolt; 29 - differential bearing cover
1 - drive gear flange; 2 - rear propeller shaft; 3 - brake force regulator; 4 - stepladder; 5- stepladders; 6 - rear shock absorber; 7 - stand of the drive lever, brake force regulator; 8 - rear axle housing; 9 - drain plug; 10 - filler plug.
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UAZ Patriot car is equipped with four-wheel drive, which makes it possible to call it an SUV. Torque from the engine to all four wheels is transmitted through the rear and. UAZ Patriot, like the UAZ-3160, is equipped with single-stage drive axles. In this article we will take a closer look at the bridge, which is called the "Spicer". The designs of the front and rear axles are similar in design.
The rear axle structure is presented in the form of a rigid steel hollow tube. The ends of this tube are fitted with wheel hub bearings. A differential (reducer) is also located inside the structure of the driving wheels. In this case, there is a transmission of torque from the transfer case, through the cardan to the gearbox, through the axle shafts to the hub and to the wheels, respectively. Thus, the movement of the UAZ-3160 and UAZ-3163 vehicles is carried out. In this material, we will pay attention to topics such as the rear axle device, its malfunctions and repair paths.
Product design features
Structurally, the rear axle of the UAZ Patriot SUV looks like this:
The Spicer Bridge consists of the following main parts:
- differential;
- two axle shafts;
- the main pair.
The internal structure of the rear axle, or rather, its gearbox, has the following form, shown in the diagram below.
All these parts are located in the bridge structure. Crankcase cover 35 together with gasket 42 ensure tightness internal device this design. The inside of the device is filled with a lubricant - oil. Rotation of gears and friction of bearings require respect for itself, which is ensured thanks to lubricant... The owner of an SUV can only control the oil level in the axle, which can decrease through deterioration of the tightness. The device of the UAZ-3163 gearbox is not particularly difficult and allows you to repair the product at home.
Malfunctions and remedies
If the gearbox fails, the vehicle cannot be operated and an appropriate repair is required. Driving with the front axle connected is allowed only when overcoming any obstacles, and driving on an asphalt road requires disabling it using the installed hub clutches.
The lack of a cross-axle differential leads to an increase in the wear of the rear-wheel drive device, therefore, in frequent cases, the owners of the UAZ-3160 and 3163 resort to self-modernization of the car.
There are the following types of malfunctions of the rear axle "Spicer" on the UAZ Patriot SUV and methods of their elimination.
- Detection of oil leaks that fill the device, as a result of which minor repairs are required to replace the oil seals or gaskets.
- The gearbox makes excessive noise and knocking, which leads to the need for repairs. In this case, extraneous noise can be emitted due to bearing wear or in the absence of oil in the axle tank. Lubrication helps eliminate this type of problem.
- Noise and knocking when cornering is caused by wear on the teeth of the satellites or side gears, which requires adjusting the gap or replacing defective parts.
In fact, the rear axle gearbox has many more malfunctions, which are often detected only after opening the crankcase cover. In frequent cases, the crankcase cover is deformed by hitting an obstacle when driving off-road. In this case, the integrity of the cover is violated, which leads to the penetration of various foreign substances into the device, or rather, into the gearbox, such as dust and water. In this case, these negative third-party substances cause many malfunctions: from the appearance of an oil leak to the jamming of the gears of the gearbox. Many owners, when operating a car in harsh off-road conditions, resort to replacing the standard crankcase cover with a special reinforced one. The reinforced cover is made of cast iron and bronze alloys. In this case, the strength of the axle housing cover increases tenfold. The reinforced crankcase cover covering the gearbox is as follows.
The cost of such a device is about 5 thousand rubles, which not every regular driver can afford. To replace the cover, it is necessary to drain the oil and replace the standard part with a reinforced one, not forgetting to replace the gasket.
Often, a knock in the bridge structure is the main factor in the appearance of a breakdown, and indicates that the product needs to be repaired. If there is a knock on the bridge, then it is prohibited to operate the car until the cause of the noise is eliminated or a qualified maintenance is carried out. If the knock cannot be determined on your own, then it is better to entrust it to an experienced specialist who can fix the breakdown in a matter of minutes or hours.
In frequent cases, a knock indicates the following causes of malfunctions in the rear axle of the UAZ Patriot car:
- Increased clearance between the final drive gears.
- Loosening bolts rear suspension.
- Increased clearance between pinion gear and flange.
- A knock may also indicate that there is a malfunction of the propeller shaft, in particular, there is a backlash in the crosspiece.
If the UAZ Patriot SUV is operated over rough terrain, then the knock that appears on the bridge after the next arrival should not cause severe frustration, since this is a normal phenomenon that requires an experienced craftsman to intervene in the gearbox design.
Removal and installation of the rear axle "Spicer" is carried out in the event of wear or damage to the integrity of the structure. But, as practice shows, the rear axle on the UAZ-3160 and 3163 lasts quite a long time, which is not to say about the gearbox, although periodic maintenance of the axle gearbox also allows you to extend the service life of the product. Lubrication of rotating parts is especially important. Untimely replacement lubrication or its absence leads to not very pleasant consequences, requiring repair work with a significant investment of capital. Therefore, in order to avoid such unpredictable troubles, you should periodically check for the presence of lubrication and prevent the entire structure of the unit.
At this stage, we can summarize and conclude that, like any car with rear wheel drive, the UAZ Patriot SUV needs timely care and elimination of breakdowns, and only in this case it will be possible to prevent a serious malfunction on the road.
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