Those who are engaged in radio electronics at home are usually very curious. Amateur radio circuits and homemade products will help you find a new direction in creativity. Perhaps someone will find an original solution to this or that problem. Some homemade products use ready-made devices, connecting them in various ways. For others, you need to completely create the circuit yourself and make the necessary adjustments.
One of the simplest homemade products. More suitable for those who are just starting to tinker. If you have an old, but working cellular push-button telephone with a button to turn on the player, you can make, for example, a doorbell to your room from it. The advantages of such a call:
First you need to make sure that the selected phone is capable of producing a sufficiently loud melody, after which it must be completely disassembled. Basically, the parts are fastened with screws or brackets, which are carefully folded back. When disassembling, you will need to remember what is behind what, so that later you can collect everything.
The player's power button is soldered on the board, and instead of it two short wires are soldered. Then these wires are glued to the board so as not to rip off the solder. The phone is going. It remains to connect the phone to the call button through a two-wire wire.
Homemade products for cars
Modern cars are equipped with everything you need. However, there are times when you just need homemade devices... For example, something broke, given to a friend and the like. Then the ability to create electronics with your own hands at home will be very useful.
The first thing you can intervene in without fear of damaging your car is the battery. If at the right time the charging for the battery is not at hand, you can quickly assemble it yourself. This will require:
A transformer from a tube TV is ideal. Therefore, those who are carried away homemade electronics never throw away electrical appliances hoping they will be needed someday. Unfortunately, there are two types of transformers used: with one and with two coils. Anyone will go to charge a 6 volt battery, and only two for 12 volts.
The wrapping paper of such a transformer shows the winding leads, the voltage for each winding, and the operating current. To power the filaments of electronic lamps, a voltage of 6.3 V with a high current is used. The transformer can be altered by removing the extra secondary windings, or you can leave it as it is. In this case, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series. Each primary is designed for a voltage of 127 V, therefore, combining them, they get 220 V. The secondary ones are connected in series to get 12.6 V.
The diodes must withstand a current of at least 10 A. Each diode requires a radiator with an area of at least 25 square centimeters. They are connected to a diode bridge. Any electrical insulating plate is suitable for fastening. A 0.5 A fuse is included in the primary circuit, and a 10 A fuse in the secondary circuit. The device does not tolerate a short circuit, therefore, when connecting the battery, the polarity must not be confused.
Simple heaters
In the cold season, it may be necessary to warm up the engine. If the car is parked where there is electric current, this problem can be solved by using a heat gun. To make it you will need:
- asbestos pipe;
- nichrome wire;
- fan;
- switch.
The diameter of the asbestos pipe is chosen according to the size of the fan to be used. The performance of the heater will depend on its power. The length of the pipe is everyone's preference. You can assemble a heating element and a fan in it, you can only a heater. When choosing the latter option, you will have to think about how to start up the air flow to the heating element. This can be done, for example, by placing all the components in a sealed enclosure.
Nichrome wire is also selected over the fan. The more powerful the latter, the larger diameter nichrome can be used. The wire is twisted into a spiral and placed inside the pipe. For fastening, bolts are used that are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the pipe. The length of the spiral and their number are chosen empirically. It is advisable that the spiral does not get red-hot when the fan is running.
The choice of fan will determine what voltage needs to be applied to the heater. When using a 220 V electric fan, you will not need to use an additional power source.
The entire heater is connected to the mains via a cord with a plug, but it itself must have its own switch. It can be either just a toggle switch or an automatic machine. The second option is more preferable, it allows you to protect the general network. For this, the operating current of the machine must be less than the operating current of the room machine. The switch is also needed to quickly turn off the heater in case of malfunctions, for example, if the fan does not work. This heater has its drawbacks:
- harm to the body from asbestos pipes;
- fan noise;
- smell from dust falling on a heated coil;
- fire hazard.
Some problems can be solved by using another homemade product. Instead of an asbestos pipe, you can use a coffee can. To prevent the spiral from closing on the jar, it is attached to a textolite frame, which is fixed with glue. A cooler is used as a fan. To power it, you will need to assemble another electronic device - a small rectifier.
Homemade products bring not only satisfaction to those who are engaged in them, but also benefit. With their help, you can save energy, for example, by turning off electrical appliances that you forgot to turn off. A time relay can be used for this purpose.
The easiest way to create a timing element is to use the time to charge or discharge the capacitor through the resistor. Such a chain is included in the base of the transistor. The following details are required for the diagram:
- high capacity electrolytic capacitor;
- transistor type p-n-p;
- electromagnetic relay;
- diode;
- variable resistor;
- fixed resistors;
- a source direct current.
First, you need to determine what current will be switched through the relay. If the load is very powerful, you will need a magnetic starter to connect it. The starter coil can be connected via a relay. It is important that the relay contacts can work freely without sticking. A transistor is selected according to the selected relay, it is determined with what current and voltage it can work. You can focus on KT973A.
The base of the transistor is connected through a limiting resistor to a capacitor, which in turn is connected through a bipolar switch. The free contact of the switch is connected through a resistor with a minus supply. This is necessary to discharge the capacitor. The resistor acts as a current limiter.
The capacitor itself is connected to the positive rail of the power supply through a variable resistor with high resistance. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor, you can change the delay time interval. The relay coil is shunted by a diode, which turns on in the opposite direction. This circuit uses KD 105 B. It closes the circuit when the relay is de-energized, protecting the transistor from breakdown.
The scheme works as follows. In the initial state, the base of the transistor is disconnected from the capacitor and the transistor is closed. When the switch is turned on, the base is connected to the discharged capacitor, the transistor opens and supplies voltage to the relay. The relay picks up, closes its contacts and supplies voltage to the load.
The capacitor begins to charge through a resistor connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. As the capacitor charges, the base voltage begins to rise. At a certain voltage value, the transistor closes, de-energizing the relay. The relay disconnects the load. To make the circuit work again, you need to discharge the capacitor, for this switch the switch.
Car Wooden Mini Lift
Fig. 1
This device may not be superfluous among the inventory of a motorist, Fig. 1. Due to their extreme simplicity, they can be made literally in 15 - 20 minutes. One and a half meter board 50 mm thick, a few square bars and nails - that's all necessary materials for the manufacture of two "express - lifts", which simultaneously serve as wheel stops.
Of course, the pattern can be repeated using metal corners.
f. "M / K" 02-1988,
f. Ezermeshter, Hungary
Garage switch
Garage lights are usually turned on with a conventional mechanical switch. But this method has three significant drawbacks:
The voltage is applied to the lamp abruptly, therefore, in winter at negative temperatures, the lamp often bursts.
To turn on the light, you need to open the entrance gate and fumble with your hand somewhere in the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe location of the electrical panel, which is unsafe, especially in high humidity.
When leaving, you can easily forget to turn off the light.
Fig. 2
Figure 2 shows a simple proven circuit.
automatic switch, which automatically turns on the light when the entrance gate is opened, while ensuring smooth ignition of the lamp, and automatically turns off the light when the gate is closed. The circuit is built on the well-known KR1182PM1 microcircuit, a phase power regulator up to 150 W.
The control body is a reed switch S 1. The figure shows how it is installed in the opening of the wicket. When the gate is closed, the magnet is very close to the reed switch and the reed switch contacts are closed. The lamp is off. When the wicket door is opened, the magnet moves away from the reed switch. Its contacts open and the capacitor C1 begins to charge. The lamp lights up smoothly and, after about two seconds, it already burns to full glow.
Thus, the lamp is on all the time while the wicket is open (or ajar). Such a solution, of course, is not suitable for a bathroom, but, mind you, when you are in the garage, you always keep the gate open. It doesn't even have some kind of internal lock or handle. Moreover, many garage doors are made in such a way that to completely close the wicket you need to apply some effort to it. This is to prevent accidental exhaust gas poisoning.
The adjustment consists only in the installation of the relative position of the reed switch and permanent magnet... The reed switch is placed in the cut of the bar. Then, it, together with the soldering points of the wires, must be insulated with epoxy resin.
Klimov N.I.
Probe - auto-wizard indicator
When checking the car's wiring and looking for faults in its electrical equipment, the driver often has a warning lamp or an electronic tester at his disposal. However, even this is not enough to check, for example, the presence of high voltage on the spark plugs, etc. And with only a control lamp available, it is impossible to determine the health of the capacitor or the integrity of the signal line.
In order for the listed work to be carried out on the way, you need to stock up on a relatively simple and versatile probe, assembled according to the diagram in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3
The probe is convenient in that when working with it, you do not need any connecting conductors to connect to the tested circuits - their role is performed by ... the hands of an auto technician.
On three transistors of different structure, a constant current amplifier is made, loaded on an LED HL 1. In the initial state, the transistors are closed, the LED is off. But it is worth applying a constant voltage to the XP1 probe and the E2 sensor (plus it must be on the probe) 5.5V or more, as through resistors R 1 - R 2 and emitter junction of the transistor VT 1 current will flow. The LED will light up. It is easy to calculate that the probe "triggers" at an input current of less than a microampere. That is why a connecting wire, for example, between the E2 sensor and the car body, is not needed - just touch the sensor with one hand, and with the other grab any metal part attached to the body so that the voltage can be checked with the probe at different points of the wiring.
If you need to check the integrity of a conductor or a section of the circuit, a probe and an E1 sensor are connected to them. Now through the circuit under test and resistors R 1, R 3 current will flow from the power supply GB 1. The LED will flash again.
Now about working with the probe. They hold it in the right (possibly in the left) hand. Controlling the voltage, they touch the E2 sensor with the finger of the right hand, the “ground” of the car with the left hand, and the necessary points of the electrical equipment with the probe. When checking the integrity of the chain, touch sensor E1 with your finger, touch one end of the chain with a probe, and touch the other with your left hand. To eliminate errors in the indication due to the high sensitivity of the probe, check the state of the LED when touching the circuit under test only with the probe probe.
To check the capacitor, the fingers of the right hand are still held on the E1 sensor, they touch one terminal of the capacitor with the probe, and the other with the left hand. A short flash of the LED at the moment of connection will indicate the serviceability of the capacitor.
To check for high voltage across the spark plugs, move the probe closer to high-voltage wires... A blinking LED will indicate voltage discharges in the combustion chamber.
Before each measurement, you need to check the performance of the probe by “closing” the probe and E1 sensor with your hands. If the LED does not light up, you should check the power source or the quality of the contact of the battery leads with the device circuits. Remember to recharge the batteries periodically.
Ponomarev V.
Chelyabinsk
Alarm - Fasten your seat belts!
Now riding with unfastened seat belts leads to not only serious injuries in an accident, but also financial losses when meeting with a traffic police officer. And yet most drivers are accustomed to driving without fasteners, and it is very difficult to fight habits - you can just run into a fine out of forgetfulness.
Fig. 4
Figure 4 shows a diagram and design of a simple signaling device that gives an intermittent sound signal if you turn on the ignition, but do not fasten your seat belt.
A homemade sensor is installed on the belt lock, made of two rings from spiral plates inserted into holes pre-drilled in the lock body. When you insert the metal belt tongue into the buckle, these springs are closed through the buckle. Well, then everything is clear from the diagram.
When the ignition is turned on, the voltage from the lock output goes to the power circuit of the microcircuit D 1. Stabilizer R4-VD1 protects the circuit from voltage surges.
If the ignition is turned on and the belt is not fastened, the multivibrators work and an intermittent high-pitched sound is heard from the piezoelectric buzzer B1.
If the belt is fastened, the multivibrators will be blocked and there will be no sound.
Kasimov V.
A device for listening to the noises of car mechanisms
Car enthusiasts know how difficult it can be to find the source of extraneous noise in a car. There are many such sources: engine, transmission, exhaust system, wheels, body elements, air streams that flow around the car when driving.
Fig. 5
A simple device, described in Figure 5, can help identify and analyze sources of noise, squeaks and knocks. of different nature that sometimes arise only at a certain speed of movement and a variety of loads. The device allows you to diagnose the condition of bearings, valves, nozzles, brake pads and many other mechanisms and assemblies.
Noise sensor signal BQ 1 goes to the input of the bass amplifier DA 1. Variable resistor R 1 allows you to adjust the sensitivity of the device when listening to noises of varying intensity. The output signal goes to the headphones. The gain is up to 26 dB. Quiescent current consumption - no more than 9 mA.
The design and dimensions of the sensor are largely arbitrary. It consists of three parts - a base, a sensitive piezoelectric element and a flat magnet, which makes it easy to install the sensor on the investigated unit of the machine and also easy to remove.
The base is made of metal - steel, copper, brass or aluminum alloy. A piezoelectric sound emitter from a musical postcard was used as a sensitive element of the vibration sensor. The sensing element can be soldered to the base or glued with epoxy. After soldering the flexible screened cable (its length is not critical), the element should be protected from moisture with a sealant. The shape of the base must ensure that the sensing element is protected from accidental impacts.
On the side of the base, opposite to the element, a small flat magnet is glued (or rigidly attached in any way). It must be strong enough to hold the sensor securely even on the vehicle's suspension parts when driving on uneven roads. The author used a magnet from a faulty computer hard drive.
The device is powered by a galvanic battery "Krona" or similar imported. A rechargeable battery will also work. Any piezoelectric sound emitter, for example, ZP-19, ZP-3, can serve as a sensitive element in the sensor.
Any phones with an impedance of about 8 ohms are suitable for working with the device. You can use 2x18 Ohm stereo phones for players by connecting them in parallel on the X2 connector. If the sound volume in the phones is not enough, it can be increased by connecting an oxide capacitor (plus to pin 1) with a capacity of 10 μF and a voltage of 10V to pins 1 and 8.
The finished board is placed in a suitable box with a battery compartment and space for the gain control, power switch, and connectors. Power switch SA 1 can be combined with a variable resistor R 1.
Fig. 6
The assembled device does not require adjustment. The view of the device is shown in Fig. 6.
The device is very interesting to use. It allows you to hear sounds that are usually not perceptible by ear - the rustle of bearings, the chirping of injectors and even dripping of oil from the walls of the engine.
Nefedov V.
Bryansk
"Suction" in the injector
V injection vehicles the mixture formation is controlled by the processor using information from various sensors, in particular from the engine temperature sensor. In some cases, due to a firmware defect or its inconsistency with the climatic zone, the engine may not start at low temperatures in winter, or overheat at high temperatures in summer.
In order not to change the firmware, you can supplement the car with one more control, which is somewhat similar in action to the choke knob of the old carburetor engine.
The motor temperature sensor is usually a semiconductor thermistor. The circuit is shown in Figure 7.
Fig. 7
First, you need to measure the resistance of the sensor at room temperature. R 1 should be equal to measured, and R 2 is 10-15 times larger. Connect the variable resistor so that it the coaxial switch was turned off at maximum resistance(and not the minimum, as in the circuits of the volume controls).
Night alarm
Many cities have “streets of broken lanterns” and the courtyards are very dark at night. It is so dark that a car parked at the entrance can be unnoticed not only by another driver, but also by a pedestrian. The consequences can be very unpleasant. Well, just, at least leave the included dimensions for the night! But this is not an option, since the current consumption parking lights high and the battery is dramatically discharged.
Therefore, your car can be equipped with parking night signal lights made of super-bright LEDs. Moreover, such an alarm is turned on automatically, immediately after the engine is turned off. The LEDs consume very little current (no more than an alarm in standby mode), and the battery is not threatened with discharge, even if the car is parked for a week.
Fig. 8
The circuit is shown in Fig. 8. Three conventional super-bright LEDs and one super-bright flashing, and even a current-limiting resistor are included in series. The circuit is activated via the oil pressure switch. When the engine is running, the oil pressure in it is high and the sensor contacts are turned off. When the engine is turned off, the oil pressure drops and the sensor contacts are closed, and this LED circuit is turned on through them.
In total, you need to make two such chains - for the front and rear of the machine. The circuits are connected in parallel.
It is most convenient to place LEDs in the headlights, but, on the edge, like a backlight, because the front headlights get quite hot and can melt the LED housings. It is most convenient to place at the back in the places of the reversing signal. In total, each headlight has two LEDs.
Super-bright LEDs are clearly visible at night, and very well indicate the dimensions of the car, even slightly illuminating the space around it.
Tikhonov M.A.
P instrument "Antison"
Most accidents that occur at night and in the early morning are due to the fact that the driver falls asleep while driving. The device shown in Figure 9 is commonly referred to as the Antison.
Fig. 9
These devices are shaped like a hearing aid that is attached to the driver's right ear. When the driver falls asleep, his head usually tilts forward, the position sensor contacts close, and a beep sounds. The position sensor does not respond when the head is tilted to the side or back.
The main requirement for such devices is as follows:
A minimum of parts, which can ensure high reliability of the device;
The power supply must last for at least one year and supply the circuit with the lowest possible voltage.
Such a device should consist of the following components:
Position sensor;
Sound generator;
Headset.
The position sensor can have various designs, for example, a mercury sensor using a swinging ball, a spring sensor.
In order for the sensor not to have false alarms in case of accidental vibration, it is better to use a metal cylinder from a roller bearing in it. With such a sensor, false alarms are more likely to be excluded, since, in order to close the cylinder contacts, it is necessary to overcome the frictional resistance. The body of the sensor can be made from the body of a ballpoint pen by placing contact plates made of sheet metal inside it (Fig. 10).
Fig. 10
The reliability of such a sensor is higher than with a ball, since it provides linear contact with the bottom plate and flat contact with the vertical plate.
The most suitable circuit for a buzzer should contain a minimum of details.
Chain parameters R 1 - C 1 provide the oscillation frequency of the oscillator of about 1 kHz. An electromagnetic telephone can be used as a radiator.
Diode bridge VD 1- VD 4 allows you not to think about the polarity of the connected power supply. A lithium cell can be used as a power source CR 2025 13 V ... The circuit consumes less than 5 mA of current, and then only during sounding, therefore such a source can ensure the operation of the circuits for a year, providing sufficient volume of the audio signal. The sensor is indicated in the diagram as a switch SA 1.
VA - an electromagnetic capsule of the TON or TM2M type from headphones, or similar.
Diodes VD 1- VD 4 types of KD522 can be replaced by almost any low-power diodes for general use.
The KT315 transistor can be replaced with the KT3102 transistor. The KT361 transistor can be replaced with the KT3107 transistor.
Various homemade products for a car have always been of interest to motorists. They are all designed to improve performance, appearance or comfort. passenger car... For example, you can make a subwoofer, a convenient organizer, eyelashes for headlights, license plate protection, etc. with your own hands. We will tell you about some useful homemade products that are available to everyone.
Every motorist strives to make his car unique. This can be done with the help of peculiar overlays on the headlights, which are called cilia and add a certain zest to the appearance of any car.
To make your own eyelashes, you will need the following:
- construction hair dryer;
- thick paper or cardboard;
- soil and paint;
- sandpaper;
- hacksaw;
- Scotch;
- plexiglass.
First you need to decide what shape you want the cilia to get. The choice depends on your preferences and imagination. Draw a template on paper or cardboard and cut it out. You can use it to cut a piece of plexiglass in the future.
Apply the created template to the headlight of your car and give it a complete look by carefully fitting all the edges. When everything is ready, attach the template to the plexiglass and circle with some sharp object. The part should be cut along the resulting contour.
In order not to damage the headlights and protect them from scattering, it is better to cover their surface with tape. Use a hair dryer to warm up the workpiece, and when it begins to bend, you can attach it to the headlight.
After that, the surface must be treated with sandpaper, wetting it with water. When everything is dry, paint the part with primer and then paint it in any suitable color. Everything is very easy, and the result can exceed all your expectations.
If on wheel rims your car has scratches or chips that ruin appearance products, you can give the wheels for painting to a specialized workshop. If you don’t want to spend money on this, you can try to repair the damaged areas yourself.
To work you will need:
- Scratched discs.
- Epoxy glue of any color, as a layer of paint will be applied on top. However, if the paste is too bright, it can show through the paintwork, so it is better to prime everything thoroughly with a primer before applying paint.
- Sandpaper numbers 300-400 and 600.
- Duct tape.
- A can of paint and varnish.
First, using coarse sandpaper, you need to clean up the places of chips and scratches to such an extent that you could not feel any bumps with your hand. We recommend that you glue the rubber over with adhesive tape and cover it with newspapers so that no paint gets on it.
Mix both components of the epoxy adhesive in a one-to-one mixing ratio. Apply the compound to the cleaned up scratches so that the mixture fills them completely and forms a thin layer on top.
Dry everything thoroughly. It takes a lot of time, and to speed up the process, you can use the heat by placing a fan heater or a simple incandescent light bulb near the disks.
When the glue is dry, sand it with fine sandpaper, preparing the surface for painting. Everything should be smooth to the touch and look - this is important.
Using a spray can to paint the discs is not difficult at all. It is necessary to thoroughly shake the can and start spraying the paint from a distance of 20-30 cm. Apply the paint in layers. Avoid too obvious transitions by applying two or three coats. Each of them needs to be dried, waiting for half an hour. To protect fresh paint from dust, it is best to paint in a pre-humidified room.
After the paint is dry, apply two coats of varnish. You need to wait half an hour between layers, and the top layer should be dried longer.
When everything is thoroughly dry, you need to moisten the finest sanding paper (grain size 1000-2000) with water and gently smooth the varnished area. The surface can be polished to achieve a factory-shine finish.
The theft of license plates has become one of the illegal species earning money for intruders. Thieves need no more than 10 seconds to steal license plates from a car. In order not to fall for the bait of scammers, you need to take care of the protection of the registration number. There are several ways, each of which can be implemented independently at home.
Protecting the room with scotch tape
This method of protecting your license plate from theft may seem ridiculous to you, but it is quite effective. The back surface of the registration number should be degreased and double-sided tape should be glued to it. This simple and inexpensive way to protect your license plate creates an additional barrier for a thief to keep your registration plate.
Secrets for the car number
Instead of simple screws that fix the license plate, they are installed with a lock. The hats are designed in such a way that the locks can only be unscrewed with a special key, sold together with the fasteners. The kit costs about 500 rubles, and the installation does not take much time.
If you think that homemade products are the lot of toddlers and bored housewives, we will very quickly dispel your misconceptions. This section is completely devoted to making homemade products from car parts and rubber tires. Almost anything can be made from a tire. From garden shoes to a full-fledged playground with swings, fairy-tale characters and elements for relaxation. Finally, always busy dads will have the opportunity to show their creative talents and create something useful and beautiful on their own personal plot or backyard.
Car tires tend to become unusable, especially given the domestic quality of roads and sudden temperature changes. Instead of sending an old tire to a landfill, it can be slightly transformed and given new life on the playground, in the garden or vegetable garden.
We have collected a huge number of examples of how to do car homemade products using tires for various household and aesthetic purposes. Perhaps one of the most popular ways to use your old tire is the arrangement of playgrounds. The easiest option is to dig in half a row of tires and paint their upper part in bright colors. The architectural element created in this way will be used by kids as a device for walking and jogging with obstacles, as well as instead of "furniture", because sand products can be laid out on the surface of the tire, or even sit by yourself, resting on a quiet summer evening.
You can aesthetically diversify the exterior of the site by creating fairy dragons, funny bears that will greet your guests at the entrance to the courtyard, crocodiles and other animals lurking in the garden with the help of tires. For flower lovers, a car tire can replace a full-fledged flowerpot, and the plants planted in it will give the yard a well-groomed look.
Children can be pleased by creating a comfortable swing from the best-preserved tires. You can leave the shape of the tire in its original form, and, spending a little more time and effort, create an unusual swing in the form of horses.
Whatever you choose to create a car craft, your children will be delighted to see a homemade car in the yard anyway. Inventive kids will be able to play new games, and will definitely be proud of their folder, showing off your creation to friends. And the mixing of happiness and pride in you in the eyes of a child is perhaps the only thing for which you can step on the throat of a long-awaited weekend in the company of a sofa, TV and beer.
A selection of original and interesting circuit solutions and improvements for different types car.
Car charger machine- The circuit turns on the battery for charging when the voltage on it drops to a certain level and turns off when the maximum is reached.
Charger for a car on an integrated circuit LM7815- The basis of the circuit is an integrated circuit LM7815 with a protection system and analog indicator circuits. A voltmeter and ammeter added to the circuit as indicators provide monitoring of current and voltage during battery charging.
Voltage polarity switch for charger - designed for charging twelve-volt car batteries. Its main feature is that it allows the connection of the battery, at any polarity.
Automatic Charger for automotive lead acid batteries
Charger for powerful car batteries
- based on the IR2153 microcircuit, this is a self-clocking half-bridge driver, which is quite often used in industrial ballasts for fluorescent lamps
Engine overheating sensor... In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator turns into steam, you can use the design on the DS1821 thermostat
Ice sensor As soon as the air temperature drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the LED is fixed to dashboard the vehicle will start flashing, with a further decrease in temperature, the LED flashes at a higher frequency. And if the temperature drops to - 1 degree or lower, then the LED will light up constantly to - 6 degrees, and then the device automatically turns off.
Seat belt sensor If you drive with seat belts unfastened, you can get injured in an accident, or run into a fine. In the arsenal of the radio amateur, there are special designs that signal the driver that the belt is not fastened
Radiator water level indicator... A device that signals a decrease in the water level, which will inevitably lead to overheating of the motor.
Voltage indicator in on-board network car Most cars do not have a device, according to the readings of which the driver could judge the voltage of the on-board network. The voltage of the vehicle's on-board network varies widely, depending on the operating mode of the power supply system.
Drivers pre-sleep indicator circuit As you know, up to 25-30% of traffic accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep while driving. To assess the psychophysiological state of the driver in the process of driving vehicle telemetric systems have been developed for monitoring the blinking frequency of his eyelids, recording biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, the need to fix various sensors on the driver's skin.
An amateur radio collection on the topic of lighting in the passenger compartment, as well as homemade designs from the backlight rear number before replacing bulbs in the instrument panel: LED turn signal repeater, automatic anti-glare lamp, Low beam diagrams, structures and accessories for headlights, Stop signal, its purpose and refinement, Scheme of the delay of turning on and off the light in the car, Running lights scheme automatic control on a microcontroller, etc.
Neutral sensor manufacturing... Many car enthusiasts know that a car alarm with auto start on a car with mechanical box gears are set rather difficult, and switching the alarm to the "automatic" mode, you can get an unpleasant result. But, in order to solve these problems, you can make the autostart work safer by installing a neutral sensor from a reed switch. Recall that for autostart with a manual gearbox, the logical neutral of the car to alarm and blocking the doors can be done only when the engine is running and the handbrake is raised. If these conditions are not met, then autostart is not possible.
Anti-theft device simulator simulates your car's engine malfunctions
Infrared remote anti-theft device... The schemes of remote security devices for a car on IR rays are considered, in which information coding is used
Recommendations for installing car alarms What can be done to prevent car theft? Of course, install an anti-theft system. There are many different types of signaling devices currently available. Many firms and installation stations can offer the car owner a number of ways to protect the car from theft. A good alarm does not guarantee complete safety. It is also necessary to have a competent and sometimes non-standard alarm installation. A qualified installer knows the most common methods used by hijackers and uses this knowledge to install
Simple starter interlock circuit consists of only one resistor and an optocoupler.
Diagram of a simple bicycle anti-theft system This design for a bicycle will work, it is worth changing its position, or if you touch it. The alarm sound signal lasts 30 seconds, and after a few seconds, it repeats and so on until the bicycle anti-theft device is turned off.
Wireless car alarm- blocks the car engine using any mobile phone or smartphone
Articles about the manufacture of tools and devices for the maintenance and repair of cars and their main assemblies with their own hands: Service of car batteries; stroboscope-tachometer circuits; Thickness gauge paints and varnishes cars; Homemade regruver for tread cutting and other original designs.
We bring to the attention of radio amateurs a circuit of an electronic "mass" switch, which does not have mechanical contacts and therefore is more reliable and durable. In addition, this device can be used as an anti-theft device.
Auto schemes. Parktronic on a digital microcircuit |
Parktronic is a special auxiliary device that gives additional convenience, especially to a novice car enthusiast, when parking by calculating the distance to the nearest obstacles to the car and signaling the approach to them with sound and visual signs. All parking sensors work like a radar, that is, they emit ultrasonic waves with special ultrasonic sensors and analyze the sound signal reflected from obstacles
It's the 21st century, but car speedometers most cars are still analog, processing signals from a conventional speed sensor. Let's correct this misunderstanding, nav to help, a simple speedometer circuit on a microcontroller for making by hand
Of course, this is not a professional device, but its modest capabilities will allow to identify the degree of alcohol concentration for self-monitoring of the driver in order to prevent trouble on the road.
I think every car enthusiast will not refuse to have an additional service connector in the car, adapted for USB or miniUSB. Such adapters will help out in many situations, for example, powering the PC peripherals, charging mobile phones or smartphones, event recorders, and anything else powered by the USB bus.
Motion sensors (DD) can be used not only for their intended purpose to turn on the light or as an element of burglar alarms, but also in cars. For example, it will scare off a cat that decided to bask under the soot of your car, thereby saving her life, and relieving you of the work of cleaning your engine from the remains of a poor animal. After all, infrared DD will react to any moving biological object that has a "thermal" background.
There are many nodes in the car to control the inclusion and serviceability of which is quite difficult, and for these purposes an audible signaling device is ideal, in addition, its use while driving reverse informs the surrounding pedestrians and other drivers about the movement of the vehicle backward, which is especially important for large trucks
I suggest for your judgment, to familiarize yourself with a simple diagram of a car glass closer. It performs the role of lifting the windows at the moment when the car is put on the security alarm. The stopping of the operation of the window regulator device is carried out as a result of an increase in the flowing current in the load at the moment of full lifting of the glass.
Automotive electric gasoline pump device, principle of operation and repair. As an example, consider the device and principle of operation of the BOSCH 0580254 series submersible electric gasoline pump, which is used in all modifications of the K-Jefronic fuel injection system.
Car alarm It is designed to simulate a car horn, and is made on composite transistors and thyristors
Many have portable receivers and tape recorders with a 9 volt krone battery. On the road, they are conveniently powered from the car battery, without consuming expensive batteries. It is impossible to connect such radio equipment directly to the battery, since its voltage can vary from 10 to 15 V. In addition, when the engine is running, impulse noise appears in the car's on-board network.
A selection of simple schemes for motorists: Anti-sleep buzzer, ice alarms, Installation for cleaning crankcase gases, Device for quick engine start in any frost, Compressometer, Anti-radar, Aerodynamic nozzle for exhaust pipe and other designs
The collection of wiring diagrams for cars is a very large selection.
The circuits considered below on microcontrollers are displayed on a two-digit digital indicator with a common reading from a fuel sensor of 40 liters. The structures are powered from the vehicle's on-board network. A native is connected to the "in" input. car sensor in the tank.
Probably all drivers at least once forgot to turn off the direction indicators after making a maneuver? Regular clicks from the front panel are not always well audible, especially if music is playing in the cabin, so I propose to supplement your car with a simple do-it-yourself turn signal indicator circuit.
The cigarette lighter is one of the few car features that has retained its original design for over 70 years. As a result, the same design is used on both vintage cars and the most modern models. Of course, in the old days this device was used only for one function, although now in the modern "information world" it performs different functions, for example, a connector for charging various digital gadgets or even starting a car.
Radio amateur circuits of turn signaling devices are designed to work only with LEDs in your car's brake lights, if you are still using conventional bulbs you can easily duplicate the design of the turn signal. Simple development " Stop lights"- a homemade time relay will turn off the latter if they burn for more than 40-60 seconds, and turn relay modernization 495.3747 will allow you to enter in standard equipment VAZ or GAZ LEDs instead of incandescent lamps.
The proposed first version of the modernization of the car wiper relay has a higher reliability of operation and can provide dynamic braking of the engine. In this case, no alterations of the standard electrical circuit are required. Enough simple options upgrades to the wiper relay will allow you not to be distracted by turning the wipers on and off. In addition, many older cars have a simple wiper motor speed control - two positions "fast-slow" - little modification is simply necessary. And install a humidity sensor and water drops falling on it will start the circuit themselves.
Car monitor with rear view cameras is very important element in your car, because in modern urban realities you have to be a parking master to find a place to park your car. An example is clearly shown of installing a monitor in a car visor, which makes the image optimally positioned for the driver's eyes.
Nowadays, as never before, there is the issue of accounting and saving energy resources, including fuel for vehicles. Of the wide variety of devices that take into account fuel consumption, the most widespread are devices with a sensor recording element in the form of an impeller. Sensors with a different measuring principle, although they have sufficient accuracy, are difficult to manufacture and have drawbacks. Practice has shown that impeller sensors, made with the necessary and sufficient accuracy, can operate for years without requiring maintenance, with an error in registration below the tolerance for this type of device.
The ignition system is a combination of various automotive instruments and devices that generate an electric spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders internal combustion at the moment of turning the ignition key. On this page you can find various schemes connecting the ignition of VAZ cars. As well as homemade radio amateur versions of the electronic ignition circuit
It has the following advantages: the spark power is increased, the breaker contacts do not burn; no need for a resistor in the ignition coil circuit; when the ignition is on, but the engine is not running, the circuit is smoothly without a spark, it turns off
In the Soviet automobile industry, the interrupter of direction indicators of the PC57 type was of an electromagnetic principle of operation and was used to ensure the flashing of signal lamps, which makes the supply of a turn signal to other road users more visible and noticeable. The turn signal interrupter is connected in series with the turn signal lamp circuit. Within the framework of the article, we will consider options for replacing this electromagnetic device with its electronic counterparts.
Probably every motorist forgot to close the windows in the car in the warm season, so that this does not happen anymore, I propose to assemble a scheme designed to automatically close all windows in the car's interior when setting the alarm. Consider several possible options implementation of the design from simple schemes with a relay, to a power window control machine on a microcontroller.
Every driver of a truck or bus with a voltage of 24 volts on-board network faced the problem of connecting a 12-volt consumer. This article implements a solution to this problem.
In all modern cars when the engine temperature approaches a critical level, the radiator cooling fan is activated. But there are a lot of negative effects of a sharp start, which over time affects the electrics of the vehicle. This article describes a diagram of the option for replacing the relay for the soft start of the cooling fan.
Carburetor economizer device |
Carburettors were installed on the car for many years until they gradually freed their place for various fuel injection systems. But the automobile age Russian cars long, and still have to deal with vehicles that still have a carburetor. Well, as you know, its normal operation is provided by some devices, among them the main one is a fuel economizer. It is about him that we will talk, and also consider the scheme of the forced economizer system idle move for VAZ cars
A car starter is a device that allows the engine to start after a turn in all weather conditions. Almost all starters are, in essence, conventional, short-acting, high-power electric motors. The start-up cycle of a typical device consists of three attempts with a 30 second interval between them. Since the car has a single source of electricity (battery), the engineers chose a DC electric motor for the starters.
Every car owner who has driven budget car knows how long to wait for engine heat to warm up in winter, especially if you live in the northern part of the largest country in the world. The time for a comfortable temperature is about 30 minutes, and so on every morning. The best idea for solving this problem, in my opinion, is to heat the car interior with a fan heater. An old toaster and a faulty computer power supply helped to bring the idea to life.
V winter period many Russian drivers start the time when a pre-warmed engine is required to travel by car. The car antifreeze heating circuit helps to solve this problem. The first one discussed is simple enough to repeat.
Heated steering wheel, along with heated seats, mirrors, glass, is not a luxury these days, but an indicator of the level that a person lives in a civilized country. All of the above parameters in a personal car are very convenient, and I help the driver to focus only on driving a vehicle, and not on their frozen fingers.
This design is designed to generate an audible signal when driving. trucks and buses back, while in automatic mode, a sound signal starts to be generated, warning of the danger.
The main advantage of the second battery is that the accumulated energy is consumed through an additional battery, and the first is in reserve, that is, you do not have to worry about planting a car after a picnic far from civilization. Many foreign cars already have a second battery under the hood. The only drawback they have is the parallel connection of 2 batteries
This amateur radio design is suitable for charging most smartphones and tablets from 5 volts even with the ignition off. Or it will allow you to power the DVR for 40 minutes, at the moment when the car is waiting for its owner in the parking lot. The basis of the circuit is the AVR Tiny13 microcontroller, the firmware is attached to it.
