Emulators 2 lambda probe of the catalytic converter (standard EURO-3 and higher)
Due to the fact that the cost of a new catalytic converter (especially the original one) is often equal to half the cost of a new engine, so inquisitive minds of motorists began to research and experiment on this topic ...
The life of such an expensive component of a modern car depends largely on the quality of the fuel used, (which is still a problem), its brand (it is enough to refuel once, for example, with leaded 80 and the neutralizer will become unusable) and many other factors ... but this is a topic for a separate article. we will not go deep into it !!!
In a situation when the catalytic converter is clogged and, accordingly, does not pass normally exhaust gases, it must be urgently changed, since the engine may be damaged (which leads to expensive repairs) and not only !!!
Another situation is when the catalytic converter is still able to pass normally exhaust gases, but is no longer able to perform its function of cleaning the exhaust from polluting CO and CH (this is most typical for old-age or mileage cars), the engine ECU goes into emergency operation, i.e. n. "hobble to the garage." Accordingly, it is not a train for a long time and comfortably on such a car, fuel consumption increases, power characteristics deteriorate, poor throttle response, etc. ...
The only way out of the above situations is 2:
- The most correct and environmentally friendly replacement for a new original catalytic converter, or as an option, disassembly with the replacement of the old element with a new one (now they are sold separately for some machines), which will require a simple "grinder" and a welding machine (you can find many videos on this on the Internet type of repair)
- Another not entirely correct and non-ecological way out of this situation is the emulation of the catalytic converter. There are many options, this is a replacement for a flame arrester suitable size and fastenings, disassembly of the old catalyst with the removal of the element and filling, for example with a mesh, followed by brewing, etc. ...
When we go along the path of emulation of KN (catalytic converter), we get some benefit, the power indicators of the engine are improved, a cheap converter, everything seems to be simple, cool, but no !!! The engine ECU, analyzing the indicators of both lambda probes of the manager and the controller, does not see the difference between them and switches the engine into emergency mode. A simple removal of 2 lambda probes also cannot solve the problem again in emergency mode !!! As an option, flashing the ECU with software removal of 2 lambdas, but there are difficulties along the way:
- lack of good specialists with the same equipment
- possible irreparable damage to an expensive ECU
- lack of good, reliable software
- there is no guarantee of normal operation of the engine after reflashing (specialists also sit in factories !!!)
But we will go in other ways - electronic and mechanical emulation of the normal operation of the 2 lambda probe. Many schemes are described on the Internet, from simple to complex, but from personal experience, I stopped at one and its variations on the example of 2 lz from a Subaru car:
According to this scheme, a serviceable 2lz remains in the SC in its place, a constant low-power resistor of 1 megohm is soldered into the break of the signal wire, and we shunt the signal and ground wire of the ECU with a constant capacitor for 1 microfarad with an operating voltage of 16 volts and above.
The approximate oscillogram of the operation of this circuit (emulation of the yellow curve, blue without emulation) is below:
* Note auto.18 in if the circuit worked without turning on the emergency mode, then we do not change anything in it, if not, then we solder the variable resistor 1-1MΩ, connect the oscillograph to the signal wire at the output of this emulator (from the ECU side) and look at the shape and amplitude of the signal. Perhaps you will also have to experimentally select a shunt capacitor from 0.1-10Mkf
And one more circuit of the lambda probe emulator ...
A simple emulator with adjustment of the "air-fuel ratio" can
build on 555 multivibrator module
Infralow frequency is provided by a large value of the capacitance of the capacitor C2. The switching frequency is controlled by the resistor R1; in its middle position
frequency approx
is equal to 0.5 Hz. The emulator signals are shown in Fig.
"Mix quality" is controlled by resistor R6. V
middle position
"stoichiometric mixture"
0.110.9 V (oscillogram No. 1). In the right (according to the scheme)
the position of the slider of the resistor R6 "rich mixture"
0.5550.9 V (oscillogram No. 2). In the left (according to the scheme)
position of the slider of the resistor R6 "lean mixture" 00
0.45 V (oscillogram No. 3), which is determined by the forward voltage of the diodes
VD1, VD2. Preferred
diodes of the KD925V type. In intermediate positions
varying degrees of "enrichment" or "impoverishment".
The details are as follows: bipolar transistors BC547C or BC847C, diodes 1N4007, LEDs
any with a diameter of 3 mm, electrolytic capacitors with a voltage of 25 V.
Catalytic converter lambda probe emulator 2 (EURO-3 standard and higher) version 2
This scheme can be considered not only as an emulator of 2 DCs but also as a temporary replacement for a faulty 2 DCs !!!
To emulate the DK2 signal from the DK1 signal, the following scheme was used (by changing the resistance of the trimming resistor and the capacitance of the capacitor, we adjust the signal to the value required for normal normal operation of the ICE ECU):
A 300Ω / 2W resistor is used to emulate the DK2 heater. Can be replaced with a coil winding from a conventional 12V car relay. Alternatively, you can use a heater (provided that it is repaired) 2 DK.
Check is off, dynamic characteristics not changed.
The original connectors (DK1, and input to the ECU DK1 and DK2) have been replaced with "Volgov" 4-pin connectors. The whole device is mounted on a circuit board, the connections are just wire.
Upd. Completely chewed up scheme:
Note * To set up this circuit, it is advisable to use an oscilloscope observing the curve of the emulated signal of the 2 lambda probe.
Catalytic spacer for lambda probe (mini catalyst)
I must say right away that these spacers are not tubes with a hole and a mesh, as many people think, including those who are trying to fake them. That is why you do not have to "modify the hole with a drill", so that annoying Check light Engine has finally gone out, as sellers of similar products may advise you.
Our spacers contain an efficient catalytic element that can operate at low temperatures, which provides the composition on the sensor exhaust gases equivalent to the composition passed through the standard catalyst, the same amount of oxygen.
Why is this needed? Believe me, not only so that the light goes out, but above all so that the engine management system works correctly. Indeed, using the catalytic converter probe, the engine control unit monitors the integral ratio of the mixture and gradually adjusts the mixture, ensuring the speed and efficiency of regulating the mixture using the catalytic converter probes. Almost every good diagnostician knows that the recovery time is much longer than the response time for the mixture control circuit using the primary probes in the event of a deviation from the specified mixture. This is what determines the need for the correct operation of the catalyst probes. The slightest deviation of the long-term correction of the fuel supply, formed from the readings of the catalyst probes, causes a state when the correction by the forward probes will be in the recovery zone most of the time, i.e. overshoot will constantly occur and the fuel supply will not form correctly. And this is both fuel consumption and power ...
What do you need, a properly working machine or dubious savings in the case of buying cheap fakes? It's up to you to decide ...
Moreover, the test results of our spacers showed that the adaptations that "floated away" during the incorrect operation of the catalyst return to normal. It should also be noted that the resource of the built-in catalyst is much higher than that of the standard catalyst, but only if the mixture formation system is working properly and correctly.
Of the shortcomings, only one can be noted - the standard probe rises by 32mm and sometimes it is problematic to install a probe with a spacer. There is nothing you can do about it - you have to weld the nut in another place.
But you can make the spacer yourself ...
In a nutshell - the essence of the method lies in the fact that it is necessary to make the lambda probe "breathe" "a little further" from the exhaust tract, yes "through a small hole" - as a result, we also get a weaker sinusoid and the brain will think that everything this is the "fault" of a normally working catalyst.
Here is a photo of the spacer (I'll make a reservation right away - the spacer is slightly incorrectly made on the photo - "this hole" should be 1-2mm in diameter, although there are cases when even with a hole in 6mm Check does not light up anymore, but you should start with the hole in 1- 2mm in diameter (as indicated in the drawing below - 2mm).
And here is the drawing that we print on the printer and calmly go with it to the turner:
To be continued...
It is clear that, in response to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases, it produces a voltage of 0.1 - 0.2V (lean mixture) or 0.8-0.9V (rich mixture). The electronic control unit (ECU) of the engine constantly changes the amount of injected fuel - a lean mixture enriches, a rich mixture depletes. Thus, the optimum is maintained, and the signal on the Lambda probe at the same time looks (can be viewed with an oscilloscope) as a series of pulses of equal duration, almost rectangular (important!), With a swing from 0.1 - 0.2V to 0.8-0.9V ...
This is how everything works as long as the autoregulation circuit is closed, which includes an engine with a "body kit", an ECU and a Lambda Probe. The chain starts to work poorly if you take care of economy and ecology and supply gas equipment (LPG).
For a single injection engine, a simple ejector system is sufficient. Only here is a yellow light Check Engine starts to burn constantly, and when driving on gasoline, a solid overrun appears.
There is an opinion that gas is to blame. Allegedly, the Lambda-Probe is "accustomed" to gasoline, and "he goes crazy on gas."
In fact, everything is much simpler. The Lambda Probe doesn't care what kind of fuel it burns. It continues to respond to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust just as well. But his reaction does not affect the operation of the engine in any way - after all, the automatic control circuit is broken. If earlier, in response to a signal about rich mixture, The ECU reduced the supply of gasoline (for a shorter time, including the nozzle), and enriched the signal about the lean, maintaining the stoichiometric mixture, then when working with gas, the ECU cannot influence the LPG ejector system in any way.
Seeing that there is no reaction, the ECU lights up the Check Engine light and switches to the "emergency" mode. When driving on gas, this does not affect its consumption in any way, since it is determined by the LPG setting. But when switching to petrol, the consumption will rise sharply because the "emergency mode" remains in the memory of the ECU.
For normal operation of the engine on gas, the Lambda-Probe Emulator is just needed. His task is to deceive the ECU, while working on gas, to show that everything is in order. It does this very simply: it gives out a signal similar to the reaction of a real Lambda probe during normal operation.
The emulator will give out 0.1V, the ECU will begin to enrich the mixture, the emulator will give out 0.9V. The ECU will begin to lean the mixture, as it happens when running on gasoline. Thus, the Check Engine light does not light up, and the ECU does not go into emergency mode.
You can buy a ready-made emulator, you can make it yourself according to a simple scheme, the main thing is to connect it correctly.
A simple diagram of the Lambda Probe Emulator
The lambda probe emulator is assembled on the most popular microcircuit. Resistor R1 sets the pulse frequency (1-2 per second), the LED indicates the operation of the device. During normal operation, the voltage on it does not exceed 1.8V. The resistor R6 will have exactly half, i.e. 0.9V or 0V.
The circuit receives power from the LPG switch, the relay is triggered and connects the device output (K2) to the ECU input (K3).
When the HBO is turned off, the relay releases and the ECU input is connected to the lambda probe (K1), i.e. the device is switched on in the wire break from the Lambda probe to the ECU.
There are many options commercially available. Some manufacturers are introducing an additional two or three LEDs to signal the quality of the mixture.
This is not difficult to do, because the Lambda probe continues to perform its functions in terms of issuing a signal. This means that if you connect two threshold devices to the Lambda probe - one for 0.1V, the other for 0.9V, then they will light up the corresponding LEDs at the appropriate times.
Thus, it is possible, as a first approximation, to determine the quality of the mixture when working on gas.
So, if you decide to put an ejector LPG on an engine with "monoinjection" you will not be able to do without the Lambda-Probe Emulator.
In all other cases (replacement faulty L-Z or something similar) it is absolutely useless.
Lambda probe (also called oxygen controller, O2 sensor, DC) is an integral part exhaust system vehicles that meet environmental standards EURO-4 and higher. This miniature device (usually 2 or more lambda probes are installed) monitors the O2 content in exhaust mixtures vehicle, due to which the emission of toxic waste into the atmosphere is significantly reduced.
In case of incorrect operation of the DC or if the lambda probe is disconnected, the functioning of the power unit may be disrupted, due to which the engine will go into emergency mode (Check Engine on the panel will light up). To prevent this from happening, the car system can be outsmarted by installing a snag.
Mechanical snag lambda probe ("screwdriver")
"Vvertysh" is a bushing made of bronze or heat-resistant steel. The inner part of such a "spacer" and its cavities are filled with ceramic chips with a special catalytic coating. Thanks to this, the exhaust gases are burned out faster, which, in turn, leads to different indicators of pulses 1 and 2 DC.
Important! Any snag is installed only on a serviceable lambda probe.
Homemade lambda probe snag, the diagram of which is presented below, is easy to manufacture. To do this, you need to prepare:
- blank;
- screwdriver;
- a set of keys.
A snag is made on a processing lathe. If there is none, then you can contact a specialist by providing him with a drawing.
The resulting part is compatible with most exhaust systems of both domestic and foreign cars.
The installation of the lambda probe blende is as follows:
- Lift the car onto the overpass.
- Disconnect the negative terminal on the battery.
- Unscrew the first (upper) probe (if there are two of them, then remove the one located between the catalyst and the exhaust manifold).
- Screw the lambda probe into the spacer.
- Reinstall the "enhanced" sensor.
- Connect the terminal to the battery.
Healthy! Usually, the mechanical snag of the second lambda probe is not performed, since this DC is protected by the catalyst and only monitors its condition. The most sensitive is the first sensor, which is installed closest to the collector.
After that, the "Check Engine" system error should disappear. If this method does not work, you can use a more expensive trick.
Electronic snag
Another way to fix problems with DC is electronic snag lambda probe, the diagram of which is presented below. Since the oxygen sensor transmits a signal to the controller, a decoy circuit connected to the wiring from the sensor to the connector will allow the system to be "coarse". Due to this, in a situation if the lambda probe is faulty, power unit will continue to work correctly.
Healthy! The installation locations of such trompe l'oeil may differ depending on the PBX model. For example, it can be installed in the center tunnel between the seats, in a torpedo or in the engine compartment.
The blende circuit is a single-chip microprocessor that analyzes the processes in the catalyst, receives data from the first DC, processes them, converts them to the readings of the second sensor and sends a corresponding signal to the car processor.
To install a snag of this type, you need a lambda probe connection diagram, which looks like this.
As you can see, there are different pinout of the lambda probe (4 wires, three and two). The colors of the wires may also differ, most often there are products with 4 pins (2 black, white and blue).
To make a cheating device, you will need:
- small tip soldering iron and solder;
- rosin;
- non-polar capacitor with a capacity of 1 μF Y5V, +/- 20%;
- resistor (resistance) for 1 mOhm, C1-4 imp, 0.25 W;
- knife and duct tape.
Healthy! Before installation, the circuit is best placed in a plastic case and filled with "epoxy".
- Disconnect the negative battery terminal.
- "Dissect" the wire that goes from the DC itself to the connector.
- Cut the blue wire and connect it back through the resistor.
- Solder the non-polar capacitor with the white and blue wires.
- Insulate connections.
Below is a diagram of a do-it-yourself lambda probe trick for pinout for 4 wires.
On final stage, you should get the following.
Such manipulations should not be performed if you do not have the proper experience. Today, stores have ready-made trick schemes that even a novice driver can easily install.
Re-flashing the controller
Some particularly sophisticated car owners decide to rewrite the control unit, thereby blocking the processing of signals from the second oxygen sensor. However, it should be borne in mind that any changes in the system operation algorithm can lead to irreversible consequences, since it will be almost impossible and costly to return to the factory settings. Therefore, it is not recommended to perform such manipulations on your own. The same goes for ready-made firmwares that are sold on the Internet.
Healthy! When flashing, the lambda probes are deleted.
If you still want to flash the system, then contact a competent specialist who can turn off the receipt of DC data using specialized equipment.
It should also be borne in mind that almost any intervention in the operation of systems can lead to not the most pleasant consequences.
What are the consequences after installing bogus
You need to understand that any snag is installed at the risk of the car owner. If the installation was done incorrectly, then you may encounter the following problems:
- Because of on-board computer cannot regulate liquid injection, motor malfunction may occur.
- If the circuit is not properly soldered, it can damage the wiring.
- During the installation of the trick, you can damage the oxygen sensors, after which you will not even know about their malfunction (since you will already have the trick installed).
- After such interventions (not only when flashing), a failure in the on-board computer may occur.
Any inaccuracy will lead to disastrous consequences, so it is better to install a more secure ready-made emulator. Unlike trickery, it does not "deceive" the control unit, but only ensures its correct operation by converting the DC signal. A microprocessor is also installed inside the emulator (as in a homemade electronic blende), which is able to evaluate the exhaust gases and analyze the situation.
In custody
Many car owners install homemade trickery on their cars to save money on buying new oxygen sensors. However, in such a pursuit of profit, you may well face large monetary costs if the artisanal device affects the operation of "vital" systems. Therefore, it is recommended to install trompe l'oeil only if you understand the work of such a plan.
Stock! When ordering a service for replacing a catalyst with a turnkey flame arrester, a discount on electronic snag of a lambda probe is 50%.
Electronic snag of the AIS catalyst - buy directly from the manufacturer!
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF OUR DEVICE
- small size (1 by 2 cm)
- reliable design solution with a minimum of elements (high fault tolerance)
- factory execution
- 100% compatible with all types of ECUs for gasoline engines(each manufacturer has its own version (in the same case), taking into account the peculiarities of the software and hardware of the central control unit)
- Euro 3, 4, 5, 6 support
- no intervention in the software part of the ECU
ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH OUR DEVICE
- 2 versions: for indoor and outdoor installation
- complete set for quick installation: wiring, emulator, protective cover
- free technical support directly from the developer (help, etc.)
- Warranty - 1 year
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The AIS emulator is electronic device based on the PIC12F629 microcontroller, which works according to a certain algorithm, simulating the correct signal for the ECU. Mechanical "bogus", which are offered in most workshops, have a slightly lower cost, but they work only on machines of the past and the beginning of this century. This "whistle" will not work on more modern ones! And even if the lamp Check faults Engine does not light up - this does not mean at all that the engine management system is working correctly. Most likely it will work in emergency mode warming up the missing catalytic converter with exhaust gases due to more fuel and a decrease in the driving qualities of the car. It threatens increased consumption gasoline and other disorders. The emulator we have developed works correctly on all modern cars(including the most recent). It is installed in the gap of the oxygen sensor, or connected to the corresponding wires in the car wiring.
In this form, they come from the factory. In this form, they are sent to you (without a lighter). A complete set - all that remains is to connect the wires.
BRIEF REFERENCE
The 2nd lambda probe after the catalyst, on cars from 1998, means that your car complies with the Euro-3 environmental program and above and makes it impossible to drive without a catalyst or replacing it with a flame arrester. It requires reprogramming to Euro-2 or installing a controller (of our own production, designed and developed by our employees, with intelligible technical support if anything happens) and a sensor correcting information. In this case, the ECU will be sure that there is a catalyst that performs all its functions properly.
Electronic snag of a lambda probe + flame arrester, which works as quietly as a standard one, is by far the best solution to the problem with your car's catalysts.
You can buy an electronic snag of a lambda probe separately and install it on your car yourself, or you can do the whole range of work using the promotion (the essence of which is indicated at the top of the page) with us.
Removing the catalyst is a topic of concern to many car owners, often instead of catalytic converters, car owners install flame arresters, stingers ("spiders"), this solution allows you to avoid buying expensive parts, spend less time repairing the exhaust system. But on cars with two oxygen sensors, the physical exclusion of the catalytic element does not give the desired results, and in order to get rid of errors in the engine management system, electronic snag of the lambda probe is often used.
In this article, we will look at how you can trick the control unit, which methods are most effective. It should be noted right away that not all methods are suitable for a specific car model; each car must be approached individually.
Mechanical snag lambda probe
Any automobile catalyst is a muffler can with a metal or ceramic honeycomb, coated with a precious metal (gold, platinum, etc.). Thanks to the oxidation reaction, the exhaust gases passing through such a device are cleaned of harmful impurities, and the level of exhaust toxicity is reduced.
The catalytic converter (KN) operates at high temperatures, so its resource is relatively short. The service life of the part is further reduced when using low-quality fuel - the honeycombs are clogged with carbon deposits formed as a result of incomplete combustion of the fuel mixture. Buying a new KN is quite expensive, and since it has to be changed quite often, many car owners are trying to get rid of this element of the exhaust system by installing a flame arrester or stinger.
Simple removal of KN has a side effect: on cars with engines Euro-4 and higher, the oxygen sensor installed behind the catalyst records the excess of the exhaust toxicity standard, as a result of which the Check Engine lamp on the dashboard lights up. There are three ways to get rid of the error:
- install an additional mechanical spacer;
- make changes to the electrical circuit of the oxygen sensor;
- reprogram the engine control unit.
Mechanical snag is a metal sleeve of a certain length, with a small diameter hole inside. Also in the interior of this fixture is catalytic coated ceramic chips. In fact, the sleeve is a mini-catalyst, but only those exhaust gases that enter the oxygen sensor are cleaned here. It should be noted that there are also simple trompe l'oeil, made in the form of an ordinary sleeve with a hole, inside of which there are no elements. Any turner can make an elementary spacer, in this case it is not necessary to buy a factory product. The advantages of such devices:
- inexpensive price (on average from 400 to 1000 rubles);
- ease of installation;
- reliable and simple design.
However, the mechanical trick has its drawbacks - on some car models it is not possible to install the device (there is not enough space due to design features), the device does not always give the desired effect (the error does not completely disappear). It should also be noted that on cars with Euro-5 engines electronic system with the help of an additional spacer, it is impossible to deceive, the Check Engine still continues to light up here.
DIY electronic "fraudulent" scheme
The oxygen sensor electronic blende is a circuit included in the ECM electrical circuit. By installing additional components, the signal supplied to the control unit is corrected, and the ECU receives such data from the sensor, as if a catalyst was installed on the car, and there are no changes in the exhaust system.
Usually, four-contact lambda probes with an electric heater are modernized with their own hands, a heating element is needed to warm up the oxygen sensor on a cold engine - the whole point is that the catalyst is switched on only after the exhaust system is heated to at least a temperature of 360 degrees Celsius. The heating of the oxygen sensor is powered by the ECU (control unit), while the polarity of the wire connection does not matter (usually white wires are connected to the heater).
In electronic snag, the electric heater is not subject to modernization, all changes concern only the signal contact. In the simplest circuit, there are two main components - a high-resistance resistor and a capacitor with a capacity of about 1 Microfarad, and it usually looks like this:
- the resistor is included in the signal wire break;
- a capacitor is installed between the mass connector and the signal.
The capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor can be different, their value depends to a large extent on the car model and the type of engine installed.
How to make electronic snag on an Opel Zafira car
The fraudulent scheme on the Opel Zafira car is compiled according to the same principle as described above; to install the blende, a non-polar capacitor of 1 MkF and a resistance of 1 mOhm 0.5 W are required. We carry out work on the installation of a simple device in the following order:
Before starting the test, it is necessary to reset all ECU errors. It should be noted that the installation of a snag does not always give positive results, in some cases the error may appear again. The most reliable way is to reprogram the control unit, but here it is important to find the correct firmware version.
Oxygen sensor emulator
The lambda probe simulator is effectively used on cars with a remote catalyst or on cars with installed gas equipment, the device is connected to electrical diagram engine management, quite reliably emulates the operation of a real lambda probe. Ready-made factory emulators can be found in retail, the basis of the simulator circuit is an electronic timer, in the role of which the popular NE555 microcircuit is most often used.
Basically, industrial emulators are installed after the car is switched to gas - after installing gas equipment (LPG), the composition of the fuel mixture changes, therefore the lambda probe detects an increased content of toxic substances in the exhaust gases, an error appears. Let's consider how to install a Zond-4 model oxygen sensor simulator on a car with LPG.
Probe-4 is equipped with a three-color LED indicator that signals the state of the fuel mixture (lean or rich). When the indicator lights up, it means:
- green - poor mixture;
- yellow glow - the fuel / air ratio is normal;
- red indication - the mixture is re-enriched.
The emulator is mounted in the engine compartment, connected to the car's electrical circuit using four wires. It is very simple to use Zond-4, we connect the wires as follows:
After connecting, check the operation of Probe-4: the indicator should not light up on petrol, while on gas it should glow green, yellow or red.
Scheme of deceiving a lambda probe with a diode
You can deceive the second oxygen sensor on a car in another way, only in this circuit, instead of a resistor, you need to install a diode, for example, brand 1N4148. The deception is done as follows (for example, a Mazda 323 car with a 2.0 L gasoline engine):
- cut the signal wiring (on Mazda it is black);
- the anode of the diode is connected to the lambda probe;
- the other output of the signal going to the control unit is connected to the cathode;
- we also connect one of the terminals of a non-polar capacitor with a capacity of 4.7 MkF to the cathode;
- the second capacitor tap is connected to the mains wire (on Mazda it is gray), of course, we solder all the wires.
Such a scheme allows you to effectively get rid of errors in the oxygen sensor circuit, but it must be borne in mind that the lambda probe itself must be serviceable.
Quick check of oxygen sensor performance
Many car owners have repeatedly confirmed that the electronic snag works normally only if the lambda probes on the car are working properly. It is quite simple to quickly check the performance of the sensors; you only need a multimeter for diagnostics. We carry out the check in the following order:
But it is worth noting that such a check does not give an idea of the one hundred percent serviceability of the sensor, it only confirms that the lambda probe is in working order.
