A simple home-made device will help to accompany the light indication of events with sound signals. The dashboard of the car is intended not only to indicate the speed of movement, in addition to the dial gauges, it also has indicator lights - bulbs.
Some of them are designed to indicate the normal state of the car - the inclusion of headlights, turn signals. Others to indicate alarm conditions - battery discharge, low oil pressure, low level oil, brake malfunction, low level brake fluid, coolant leakage, movement with the door open, and the like.
It is the emergency indicators that are most important, but the lighting of the light on the dashboard, especially on a bright sunny day, may not be noticed at the time. And this can have very unpleasant and even disastrous consequences.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram connecting the signaling device.
In some cars, there is a sound backup of the light bulb to indicate a malfunction, in other cars this is not provided. However, almost any car, both domestic and foreign, can be equipped with an additional audible malfunction indicator. The diagram is shown in the figure.
As a signaling device, a "buzzer" with a built-in generator is used, in series of which a blinking LED is switched on. The flashing LED is only needed to interrupt the current through the "buzzer" and it squeaked intermittently.
Most domestic cars and many foreign ones, to turn on the indicator lamps, contact sensors are used, which, for example, such as an oil pressure sensor, connect the lamp to the body (to "ground"), and those that connect the lamp to the plus of the onboard network (for example, a brake health sensor).
Both of them can work in this scheme. Sensors connecting bulbs to ground - S4-S6. When they close, the corresponding VD4-VD6 diode opens and through it the power is supplied to the signaling device. And the inclusion of the indicator lamp is accompanied by the sound of the signaling device. Sensors S1-S3 connect the bulbs to the plus of the onboard network.
When they are closed, the VD1-VD3 diodes (or one of these diodes) open. This leads to the supply of an opening voltage to the base of the transistor switch VT1, in the collector circuit of which a circuit is connected from series-connected "tweeters" BF1 and a blinking NI LED. The transistor opens and the alarm sounds. The transistor acts as an inverter here.
The entire circuit can be easily mounted in a volumetric manner on the back of the dashboard, or made it in a separate case and positioned in a convenient place. I see no point in developing a board for it. The diagram conventionally shows three sensors of different types. In a particular car, there may be a different number of them. If all sensors are shorted to ground, the cascade to VT1 can be excluded.
At the first moment after turning on the ignition, the indicator sounds until the engine is started (the oil pressure lamp is on). This is perhaps the only drawback of the signaling device.
No adjustment is required. After a number of years ago, there was a rule road traffic requiring you to drive with the dipped headlights on in daytime days, some drivers began to have problems due to the fact that the headlights are not particularly noticeable during the day, and it is quite possible to park the car by forgetting to turn off the headlights.
Of course, when the ignition is turned off, the dipped headlights turn off automatically, but the side lights continue to work - they must be turned off. And if they are not turned off, the battery can be discharged after several hours of parking, and starting the engine will be difficult, especially in winter.
To remind the driver of the need to both turn on the headlights and turn them off, a very simple warning device is designed, the diagram of which is shown in Figure 2.
The circuit is a signaling device from a series-connected "tweeter" with a built-in generator and a blinking LED that interrupts the current through the "tweeter". The signaling device is connected to the electrical circuit of the car through a diode bridge on diodes VD1-VD4, which allows the signaling device to sound at any polarity of the supply current.
Fig. 2. A very simple oil pressure switch.
One input of the rectifier is connected to the oil pressure sensor, and the other to the side lights.
This is how it works:
- The engine is running, the headlights are off. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are open, and the contacts supplying current to the side lights (and headlights) are also open. The current flows through the oil pressure light and through the lamps side light... The signaling device sounds.
- The engine is off, the headlights are off. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, but the contacts that supply current to the side lights (and headlights) are open. No current flows since both bridge inputs are connected to negative. The signaling device does not sound.
- The engine is on, the headlights are on. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, and the contacts that supply current to the side lights (and headlights) are closed. No current flows since both inputs of the bridge are connected to positive. The signaling device does not sound.
- The engine is off, the headlights are on. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, and the contacts supplying current to the side lights (and headlights) are also closed. Current flows through the oil pressure sensor and through the side light switch contacts. The signaling device sounds.
All parts indicated in the diagram can be replaced by any analogs. The "squeaker" must have a built-in generator and a rated power supply of 12V.
Every car enthusiast knows what ice is. Unfortunately, during this period the number of road accidents increases sharply, especially considering how our roads are cleaned. Therefore, especially if you still have not found the money for a winter set of rubber, then this option of a cheap radio amateur development will not be superfluous for you at all. The first ice sensor design will tell you the ambient temperature so you can be more attentive.
In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator boils, I propose to assemble a circuit, the basis of which is, it is also a temperature sensor.
To reduce the level of noise arising from the motor, the filter VD1, C1 is used. A flashing red LED can be used in the annunciator.
As soon as the air temperature outside the car drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the device will warn the driver about the possibility of ice formation on the road. For this, in addition to the temperature indicator, an LED and a speaker are integrated into the front panel.
Seat belt sensor |
If you drive with seat belts unfastened, you can get injured in an accident, or run into a fine, well, even give a bribe to a traffic cop. In expensive foreign cars there are special sensors that signal to the driver that the belt is not fastened.But in Russian basins, and even in foreign cars made in Russia, they often do not exist. However, this is a necessary thing, and with simple manipulations, you can install at least in Zaporozhets for this, a seat belt lock must be supplied with a sensor from a spring ring. If the metal tongue of the lock is in the groove, then it closes this ring to the "body-ground" of the car. Therefore, if the belt is not fastened at the output of the microcircuit 1 D1, there will be a logical unit, which will lead to the start of the multivibrators, and the piezoelectric emitter B1 will begin to whistle intermittently.
The device for monitoring the water level in the radiator is designed to signal a decrease in the water level, which will lead to overheating of the motor.
The basis of the device is a multivibrator on transistors T2 and T3. Its load is a signal lamp L1. Transistor T4 contributes to a clearer fixation of the operating state of the transistor T2. When the probe in the radiator is submerged in water, a bias voltage is applied to the base of transistor T1 and it is open. In this case, transistors T2 and T3 are closed, lamp L1 does not burn. When the water level in the radiator drops, the probe is in the air, the transistor T1 is locked, and T2 is opened. The multivibrator starts working with a frequency of 2 Hz, the signal lamp flashes at the same frequency. Transistors T1, T2 can be taken of the type KT361, T3 - KT602, T4 - KT315. Diode type KD510 or other point silicon
Most cars do not have a device, according to the readings of which the driver could judge the voltage on-board network... The voltage of the vehicle's on-board network varies widely, depending on the operating mode of the power supply system. The accuracy of measuring its value is usually not required.
All the schemes described in the article are used to receive a timely warning about the discharge of the battery in the car, which will help the driver to avoid many unnecessary problems.
As you know, up to 25-30% of traffic accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep while driving. To assess the psychophysiological state of the driver in the process of driving vehicle telemetric systems have been developed to control the blinking frequency of his eyelids, register biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, the need to fix various sensors on the driver's skin.
In order to eliminate these shortcomings, a fundamentally new technical solution has been developed and tested in practice, characterized by simplicity, operational reliability, and low cost indicators. The principle of operation of the pre-sleep signaling device is based on automatic tracking of the force of compression of the steering wheel by the driver in the process of driving a vehicle.
Psychophysiological studies have established that the initial stages of a decrease in mental activity (the initial stages of the onset of a pre-sleep state) of a driver are accompanied by a decrease in the force of compression of the steering wheel. For continuous recording of the steering wheel compression force, the driver has developed a sensor device made in the form of a resistive sensor fixed on the steering wheel, galvanically connected through an electronic setpoint adjuster with an acoustic and sound signaling device
where 1- wheel
2-elastic sheath (rubber tube) of the sensor
3-graphite powder
4-conductive sensor electrode plugs
5-electronic unit 6-sound signaling device
Structurally, the resistive sensor is made in the form of a rubber tube filled with graphite powder and equipped with plugs-electrodes. When the sensor, which is fixed to the steering wheel, is compressed, its electrical resistance decreases due to a decrease in the contact resistance between the graphite filler particles.
This phenomenon is used to monitor the condition of the driver. The electrical schematic diagram of the driver's sleep state indicator is shown in Fig. 2. The circuit contains a comparator DA1, a low-frequency generator based on elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, an inverter on an element DD1.3, an amplifier on a transistor VT1 and an electrodynamic speaker BA1. The output electrical signal of the sensor R1 is fed to the inverting input of the DA1 comparator, where it is compared with the reference voltage taken from the resistor R4 and applied to the non-inverting input DA1.
If the voltage at the non-inverting input of the comparator becomes more than at the inverting one, then there is no voltage at the output of the comparator DA1, which is used to power the audio frequency generator (DD1.1 and DD1.2). When the driver's compression force on the steering wheel of the car reaches its minimum allowable value, the voltage at the non-inverting input becomes lower than at the inverting one, and the voltage is supplied to the audio frequency generator.
The signal taken from the audio frequency generator is amplified by the VT1 transistor and fed to the BA1 loudspeaker. The threshold of the sound alarm is set by the resistor R4, the volume of the sound - by the resistor R5. For the manufacture of the device, you can use constant resistors such as MLT-0.125 W; variable R4 - SP-33-48; and the trimmer R6 is SP3-22. Oxide capacitor C3, type K50-40; C1, C2 - K10-23. Transistor VT1-KT315G or with any other letter index. Loudspeaker diffuser electrodynamic VA1-0.5-GD-17 or any other similar.
The device is mounted on a single-sided foil-clad fiberglass board with a thickness of 1 ... 1.5 mm and a size of 32x55 mm. One of possible options The arrangement of the circuit elements and, accordingly, the drawing of the printed circuit board are shown in Fig. 3. Thus, any unacceptable relaxation, accompanied by a decrease in the contact force of the driver's fingers - steering wheel system, will be accompanied by a corresponding alarm.
This ensures the implementation of the mode of continuous monitoring of the physiological parameter, which is a potentially initiating factor in pre-emergency situations. The proposed development compares favorably with known analogs in functional parameters and technical advantages, in particular, the possibilities of its practical use without introducing any technical, psychological, ergonomic and aesthetic inconveniences into the natural algorithm of the driver's control of any vehicles. In our opinion, the simplicity of the design solution of the development and the general availability of its reproduction create real prerequisites for its widespread implementation as part of the implementation of programs to reduce accidents in transport.
A simple home-made device will help to accompany the light indication of events with sound signals. The dashboard of the car is intended not only to indicate the speed of movement, in addition to the dial gauges, it also has indicator lights - bulbs.
Some of them are designed to indicate the normal state of the car - the inclusion of headlights, turn signals. Others to indicate an alarm condition - low battery, low oil pressure, low oil level, brake failure, low brake fluid level, coolant leakage, driving with the door open, and the like.
It is the emergency indicators that are most important, but the lighting of the light on the dashboard, especially on a bright sunny day, may not be noticed at the time. And this can have very unpleasant and even disastrous consequences.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the signaling device connection.
In some cars, there is a sound backup of the light bulb to indicate a malfunction, in other cars this is not provided. However, almost any car, both domestic and foreign, can be equipped with an additional audible malfunction indicator. The diagram is shown in the figure.
As a signaling device, a "buzzer" with a built-in generator is used, in series of which a blinking LED is switched on. The flashing LED is only needed to interrupt the current through the "buzzer" and it squeaked intermittently.
In most domestic cars and many foreign ones, contact sensors are used to turn on the indicator lamps, which, for example, such as an oil pressure sensor, connect a light bulb to the body (to ground), and those that connect a light bulb to the plus of the onboard network (for example, a sensor serviceability of the brake).
Both of them can work in this scheme. Sensors connecting bulbs to ground - S4-S6. When they close, the corresponding VD4-VD6 diode opens and through it the power is supplied to the signaling device. And the inclusion of the indicator lamp is accompanied by the sound of the signaling device. Sensors S1-S3 connect the bulbs to the plus of the onboard network.
When they are closed, the VD1-VD3 diodes (or one of these diodes) open. This leads to the supply of an opening voltage to the base of the transistor switch VT1, in the collector circuit of which a circuit is connected from series-connected "tweeters" BF1 and a blinking NI LED. The transistor opens and the alarm sounds. The transistor acts as an inverter here.
The entire circuit can be easily mounted in a volumetric manner on the back of the dashboard, or made it in a separate case and positioned in a convenient place. I see no point in developing a board for it. The diagram conventionally shows three sensors of different types. In a particular car, there may be a different number of them. If all sensors are shorted to ground, the cascade to VT1 can be excluded.
At the first moment after turning on the ignition, the indicator sounds until the engine is started (the oil pressure lamp is on). This is perhaps the only drawback of the signaling device.
No adjustment is required. After a certain number of years ago, a traffic rule appeared requiring you to drive with the low beam on during the daytime, some drivers began to have problems due to the fact that the headlights are not particularly noticeable during the day, and it is quite possible to put the car on forgetting to turn off the headlights.
Of course, when the ignition is turned off, the dipped headlights turn off automatically, but the side lights continue to work - they must be turned off. And if they are not turned off, the battery can be discharged after several hours of parking, and starting the engine will be difficult, especially in winter.
To remind the driver of the need to both turn on the headlights and turn them off, a very simple warning device is designed, the diagram of which is shown in Figure 2.
The circuit is a signaling device from a series-connected "tweeter" with a built-in generator and a blinking LED that interrupts the current through the "tweeter". The signaling device is connected to the electrical circuit of the car through a diode bridge on diodes VD1-VD4, which allows the signaling device to sound at any polarity of the supply current.
Fig. 2. A very simple oil pressure switch.
One input of the rectifier is connected to the oil pressure sensor, and the other to the side lights.
This is how it works:
- The engine is running, the headlights are off. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are open, and the contacts supplying current to the side lights (and headlights) are also open. The current flows through the oil pressure light and through the side light bulbs. The signaling device sounds.
- The engine is off, the headlights are off. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, but the contacts that supply current to the side lights (and headlights) are open. No current flows since both bridge inputs are connected to negative. The signaling device does not sound.
- The engine is on, the headlights are on. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, and the contacts that supply current to the side lights (and headlights) are closed. No current flows since both inputs of the bridge are connected to positive. The signaling device does not sound.
- The engine is off, the headlights are on. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, and the contacts supplying current to the side lights (and headlights) are also closed. Current flows through the oil pressure sensor and through the side light switch contacts. The signaling device sounds.
All parts indicated in the diagram can be replaced by any analogs. The "squeaker" must have a built-in generator and a rated power supply of 12V.
This article contains diagrams of the simplest electronic alarms, which can be made by anyone who is at least minimally familiar with electronics or just knows how to hold a soldering iron in his hand. Such alarms will come in handy in many cases. They can be placed on the windows if there is a small child in the house who can open them. There is a guarded parking lot on the doors of an apartment or garage. And when triggered, the watchman will call the police. You can put such an alarm in the apartment if you are friends with your neighbors. Even if you go on a hike, it is not a sin to spread a security loop around the camp at night in case wild animals or strangers appear.
First scheme electronic alarm is simple to the extreme, it couldn't be easier. This is just one transistor, resistor and an executive relay. If an audible alarm is supposed, then instead of a relay, an audible siren or a howler is turned on.
Principle of operation: The security loop is a thin wire, or closed contact. When the wire is intact (or the contact is closed), the base of the transistor is grounded and the transistor is closed. No current flows between collector and emitter.
If you break the guard wire, or open the contact, the base will be connected to the power source through the resistor R1, the transistor will open and the relay (or siren) will work. It can be turned off only by turning off the power supply or by restoring the security loop.
Such an alarm can be used to guard your belongings, for example. A reed switch is used as a security contact, the alarm is hidden in the side pocket of a bag or backpack, and a magnet is placed next to it. If you remove the magnet from the alarm itself (move the thing), the siren will squeal in all voices.
Second circuit with more advanced custom functions
As in the first case, a security loop, a normally closed (in armed mode) contact or a reed switch closed by a magnetic field serves as a sensor. If the loop is violated, the alarm is triggered and its operation continues until the power is turned off. Loop recovery does not turn off the alarm, it will still continue to work for some time. The alarm has a temporary blocking button, which is necessary for the owner to leave the protected area. The alarm also has a response delay, which is necessary for the owner to turn it off when he enters the protected area.
Let's analyze how the circuit works. Before arming the alarm, you must turn off (open) the S1 switch. It must be installed in a secret place near the entrance. You can use, for example, a hidden reed switch, which closes - opens by rearranging an object with a built-in magnet, etc. This switch blocks the operation of the system and it stops responding to a loop break. When leaving, the switch S1 opens and the capacitor C2 begins to charge through the resistor R2. Until the capacitor is charged to a certain value, the system is "blind". And you have time to leave the facility by restoring the security loop or by closing the contacts. By choosing the values of the resistor R2 and the capacitor C2, achieve an acceptable exit delay for yourself.
If the security loop is violated, then capacitor C1 will start charging through the resistor R1. This pair creates a slight delay in the alarm, and the owner has time to neutralize it by turning on the S1 switch. It is necessary to select the values of the resistor and capacitor for a comfortable response delay time.
If the loop is violated by an intruder, who does not know how to turn off the alarm, then some time after the loop is broken, the alarm will be triggered (both inputs of the D1.1 element will be logic "1", respectively, at the output "0". Having passed through the inverter D1 .2 it will again become "1" and open the transistor VT1. The transistor will discharge the capacitor C3 and through the inverter will open the transistor VT2, which will make the executive relay work or turn on the siren.
Even if the attacker quickly restores the loop, the siren will continue to work, since the capacitor C3 will be charged for a sufficient time through the resistor R3. It is the denominations of this pair that determine the operating time of the alarm after the recovery of the loop. If the loop is not restored, the alarm will work continuously.
Microcircuit - K561LA7, transistors - any n-p-n (KT315, KT815, etc.) Power supply - any with a voltage of +5 - +15 Volts. The executive relay or siren can be connected to a more powerful power source than the circuit itself. In standby mode, the circuit consumes practically no current (at the level of self-discharge of the batteries).
A selection of original and interesting circuit solutions and improvements for different types car.
Car charger machine- The circuit turns on the battery for charging when the voltage on it drops to a certain level and turns it off when the maximum is reached.
Charger for a car on an integrated circuit LM7815- The basis of the circuit is an integrated circuit LM7815 with a protection system and analog indicator circuits. A voltmeter and ammeter added to the circuit as indicators provide current and voltage monitoring while the battery is being charged.
Voltage polarity switch for charger - designed for charging twelve-volt car batteries. Its main feature is that it allows the connection of the battery, at any polarity.
Automatic Charger for automotive lead acid batteries
Charger for powerful car batteries
- based on the IR2153 microcircuit, this is a self-clocking half-bridge driver, which is quite often used in industrial ballasts for fluorescent lamps
Engine overheating sensor... In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator turns into steam, you can use the design on the DS1821 thermostat
Ice sensor As soon as the air temperature drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the LED is fixed to dashboard the vehicle will start flashing, with a further decrease in temperature, the LED flashes at a higher frequency. And if the temperature drops to - 1 degree or lower, then the LED will light up constantly to - 6 degrees, and then the device automatically turns off.
Seat belt sensor If you drive with seat belts unfastened, you can get injured in an accident, or run into a fine. In the arsenal of the radio amateur, there are special developments that signal the driver that the belt is not fastened
Radiator water level indicator... A device that signals a decrease in the water level, which will inevitably lead to overheating of the motor.
Vehicle voltage indicator Most cars do not have a device, according to the readings of which the driver could judge the voltage of the on-board network. The voltage of the vehicle's on-board network varies widely, depending on the operating mode of the power supply system.
Drivers pre-sleep indicator circuit As you know, up to 25-30% of traffic accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep while driving. To assess the psychophysiological state of a driver while driving a vehicle, telemetric systems have been developed for monitoring the frequency of blinking of his eyelids, recording biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, the need to fix various sensors on the driver's skin.
An amateur radio collection on the topic of lighting in the car, as well as homemade designs from the backlight rear room before replacing bulbs in the instrument panel: LED turn signal repeater, automatic anti-glare lamp, Low beam diagrams, structures and accessories for headlights, Stop signal, its purpose and refinement, Scheme of the delay of turning on and off the light in the car, Running lights scheme automatic control on a microcontroller, etc.
Neutral sensor manufacturing... Many car enthusiasts know that a car alarm with auto start on a car with mechanical box gears are set quite difficult, and switching the alarm to the "automatic" mode, you can get an unpleasant result. But, in order to solve these problems, you can make the autostart work safer by installing a neutral sensor from a reed switch. Recall that for autostart with a manual transmission, the logical neutral of the car to alarm and blocking the doors can be done only when the engine is running and the handbrake is raised. If these conditions are not met, then autostart is not possible.
Anti-theft device simulator simulates your car's engine malfunctions
Infrared remote anti-theft device... The schemes of remote security devices for a car on IR rays are considered, in which information coding is used
Recommendations for installing car alarms What can be done to prevent car theft? Of course, install an anti-theft system. There are many different types of signaling devices currently available. Many firms and installation stations can offer the car owner a number of ways to protect the car from theft. A good alarm does not guarantee complete safety. It also requires a competent, and sometimes non-standard alarm installation. A qualified installer knows the most common methods used by hijackers and uses this knowledge to install
Simple starter interlock circuit consists of only one resistor and an optocoupler.
Diagram of a simple bicycle anti-theft system This design for a bicycle will work, it is worth changing its position, or if you touch it. The alarm sound signal lasts 30 seconds, and after a few seconds, it repeats and so on until the bicycle anti-theft device is disabled.
Wireless car alarm- blocks the car engine using any mobile phone or smartphone
Articles about the manufacture of tools and devices for the maintenance and repair of cars and their main units with their own hands: Service of car batteries; strobe-tachometer circuits; Thickness gauge paints and varnishes cars; Homemade tread regrover and other original designs.
We bring to the attention of radio amateurs a circuit of an electronic "mass" switch, which does not have mechanical contacts and therefore is more reliable and durable. In addition, this device can be used as an anti-theft device.
Auto schemes. Parktronic on a digital microcircuit |
Parktronic is a special auxiliary device that provides additional convenience, especially for a novice car enthusiast, when parking by calculating the distance to obstacles closest to the car and signaling when approaching them with sound and visual signs. All parking sensors work like a radar, that is, they emit ultrasonic waves with special ultrasonic sensors and analyze the sound signal reflected from obstacles
It's the 21st century, but car speedometers most cars are still analog, processing signals from a conventional speed sensor. Let's correct this misunderstanding, nav to help, a simple speedometer circuit on a microcontroller for DIY manufacturing
Of course, this is not a professional device, but its modest capabilities will also allow you to identify the degree of alcohol concentration for the driver's self-control in order to prevent trouble on the road.
I think every car enthusiast will not refuse to have an additional service connector in the car, adapted for USB or miniUSB. Such adapters will help out in many situations, for example, powering the PC peripherals, charging mobile phones or smartphones, event recorders, and anything else powered by the USB bus.
Motion sensors (DD) can be used not only for their intended purpose to turn on the light or as an element of burglar alarms, but also in cars. For example, it will scare off a cat that decided to bask under the soot of your car, thereby saving her life, and relieving you of the work of cleaning your engine from the remains of a poor animal. After all, infrared DD will react to any moving biological object that has a "thermal" background.
There are many nodes in the car to control the inclusion and serviceability of which is quite difficult, and for these purposes an audible signaling device is ideal, in addition, its use while driving reverse informs surrounding pedestrians and other drivers about the vehicle's backward movement, which is especially important for large trucks
I suggest for your judgment, to familiarize yourself with a simple scheme of a car glass closer. It performs the role of lifting the windows at the moment when the car is put on the security alarm. The shutdown of the window regulator device is carried out as a result of an increase in the flowing current in the load at the moment of full lifting of the glass.
Automotive electric gasoline pump device, principle of operation and repair. As an example, consider the device and principle of operation of the BOSCH 0580254 submersible electric gasoline pump, which is used in all modifications of the K-Jefronic fuel injection system.
Car alarm It is designed to simulate a car horn, and is made on composite transistors and thyristors
Many have portable receivers and tape recorders with a 9 volt krone battery. On the road, they are conveniently powered from the car battery, without consuming expensive batteries. It is impossible to connect such radio equipment directly to the battery, since its voltage can vary from 10 to 15 V. In addition, when the engine is running, impulse noise appears in the car's on-board network.
A selection of simple schemes for motorists: Anti-sleep buzzer, ice alarms, Installation for cleaning crankcase gases, Device for quick engine start in any frost, Compressometer, Anti-radar, Aerodynamic nozzle for exhaust pipe and other designs
The collection of wiring diagrams for cars is a very large selection.
The circuits considered below on microcontrollers are displayed on a two-digit digital indicator with a common reading from a fuel sensor of 40 liters. The structures are powered from the vehicle's on-board network. A native vehicle sensor in the tank is connected to the “in” input.
Probably all drivers at least once forgot to turn off the direction indicators after making a maneuver? Regular clicks from the front panel are not always well audible, especially if music is playing in the cabin, so I propose to supplement your car with a simple DIY turn signal indicator circuit.
The cigarette lighter is one of the few car features that has retained its original design for over 70 years. As a result, the same design is used on both vintage cars and the most modern models. Of course, in the old days this device was used only for one function, although now in the modern "information world" it performs different functions, for example, a connector for charging various digital gadgets or even starting a car.
Amateur radio circuits turn signals are designed to work only with LEDs in your car's brake lights, if you are still using conventional bulbs you can easily duplicate the design of the turn signal. Simple development " Stop lights"- a homemade time relay will turn off the latter if they burn for more than 40-60 seconds, and turn relay modernization 495.3747 will allow you to enter in standard equipment VAZ or GAZ LEDs instead of incandescent lamps.
The proposed first version of the modernization of the car wiper relay has a higher reliability of operation, can provide dynamic braking of the engine. In this case, no alterations of the standard electrical circuit are required. Enough simple options upgrades to the wiper relay will allow you not to be distracted by turning the wipers on and off. In addition, many older cars have a simple wiper motor speed control - two positions "fast-slow" - little modification is simply necessary. And install a humidity sensor and water drops falling on it will start the circuit themselves.
Car monitor with rear view cameras is very important element in your car, because in modern urban realities you have to be a parking master to find a place to park your car. An example of installing the monitor in the visor of a car is clearly shown, which makes the image optimally positioned for the driver's eyes.
Nowadays, as never before, there is the issue of accounting and saving energy resources, including fuel for vehicles. Of the wide variety of devices that take into account fuel consumption, the most widespread are devices with a sensor recording element in the form of an impeller. Sensors with a different measuring principle, although they have sufficient accuracy, are difficult to manufacture and have drawbacks. Practice has shown that impeller sensors, made with the necessary and sufficient accuracy, can work for years without requiring maintenance, with an error in registration below the tolerance for this type of devices.
The ignition system is a combination of various automotive instruments and devices that generate an electric spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders internal combustion at the moment of turning the key of the ignition system lock. On this page you can find various schemes connecting the ignition of VAZ cars. As well as homemade radio amateur versions of the electronic ignition circuit
It has the following advantages: the spark power is increased, the breaker contacts do not burn; no need for a resistor in the ignition coil circuit; when the ignition is on, but the engine is not running, the circuit is smoothly without a spark, it turns off
In the Soviet automobile industry, the turn signal interrupter of the PC57 type was of an electromagnetic principle of operation and was used to ensure the flashing of the signal lamps, which makes the supply of the turn signal to other road users more visible and noticeable. The turn signal interrupter is connected in series with the turn signal lamp circuit. Within the framework of the article, we will consider options for replacing this electromagnetic device with its electronic counterparts.
Probably every motorist forgot to close the windows in the car in the warm season, so that this does not happen anymore, I propose to assemble a scheme designed to automatically close all windows in the car's interior when setting the alarm. Consider several possible options for the implementation of the design from simple schemes with a relay, to a power window control machine on a microcontroller.
Every driver of a truck or bus with a voltage of 24 volts on-board network faced the problem of connecting a 12 volt consumer. This article implements a solution to this problem.
In all modern cars when the engine temperature approaches a critical level, the radiator cooling fan is activated. But there are a lot of negative effects of a sharp start, which over time affects the electrics of the vehicle. This article describes a diagram of the option for replacing the relay for the soft start of the cooling fan.
Carburetor economizer device |
Carburettors were installed on the car for many years until they gradually freed their place for various fuel injection systems. But the automobile age Russian cars long, and still have to deal with vehicles that still have a carburetor. Well, as you know, its normal operation is provided by some devices, among them the main one is a fuel economizer. It is about him that we will talk, and also consider the scheme of the forced economizer system idle move for VAZ cars
A car starter is a device that allows the engine to start after a turn in all weather conditions. Almost all starters are, in essence, conventional, short-acting, high-power electric motors. The start-up cycle of a typical device consists of three attempts with an interval of 30 seconds between them. Since the car has a single source of electricity (battery), the engineers chose a DC electric motor for the starters.
Every car owner who has driven budget car knows how long to wait for engine heat to warm up in winter, especially if you live in the northern part of the largest country in the world. The time for a comfortable temperature is about 30 minutes, and so every morning. The best idea for solving this problem, in my opinion, is to heat the car interior with a fan heater. An old toaster and a faulty computer power supply helped to bring the idea to life.
V winter period many Russian drivers start the time when a pre-warmed engine is required to drive a car. The car antifreeze heating circuit helps to solve this problem. The first one discussed is simple enough to repeat.
Heated steering wheel, along with heated seats, mirrors, glass, is not a luxury these days, but an indicator of the level that a person lives in a civilized country. All the listed parameters in personal car very comfortable, and I help the driver to focus only on driving a vehicle, and not on their frozen fingers.
This design is designed to generate an audible signal when driving. trucks and buses back, while in automatic mode, a sound signal starts to be generated, warning of the danger.
The main advantage of the second battery is that the accumulated energy is consumed through an additional battery, and the first is in reserve, that is, you do not have to worry about planting a car after a picnic far from civilization. Many foreign cars already have a second battery under the hood. The only drawback they have is the parallel connection of 2 batteries
This amateur radio design is suitable for charging most smartphones and tablets from 5 volts even with the ignition off. Or it will allow you to power the DVR for 40 minutes, at the moment when the car is waiting for its owner in the parking lot. The basis of the circuit is the AVR Tiny13 microcontroller, the firmware is attached to it.
