UAZ SUVs have gained considerable popularity in the vastness of Russia, but many UAZ vehicles have one big drawback - a low level of comfort.
- 1 Tuning UAZ "loaf" with your own hands
- 2 Tuning of the UAZ "loaf" salon
- 3 External tuning "Loaf"
- 4 Tuning suspension UAZ Loaf
- 5 Engine tuning UAZ Loaf
Also, cars of the UAZ 452/3303 series are not very convenient in operation, so many car owners are trying to modernize the car, making various improvements to it. Tuning UAZ "loaf" is a relevant topic, interesting to many motorists.
Tuning UAZ "loaf" with your own hands
Cars off-road UAZ-452 are distinguished by excellent technical characteristics, and the machine is off-road qualities practically unparalleled. The UAZ "loaf" is one of those few cars that are in no hurry to be scrapped, very often these cars are restored and tuned. Moreover, almost any units and parts in a car are modernized, from the interior and body, to the power unit, axles and suspension.
Unfortunately, the Ulyanovsk plant did not take too much care of the comfort of the driver and passengers of the SUV, and often the owners of the cars have to bring the UAZ to mind on their own. Another drawback of the "loaf" is instability on the road at a speed of over 90 kilometers per hour, but even here car owners do not get lost, they upgrade the suspension, change the castor (wheel angle).
What you can do with your own loaf:
- lift the front and rear suspension;
- install a more powerful and high-torque motor on the car;
- equip the SUV with additional light;
- change civil bridges for the military;
- repaint the body in "metallic", or apply airbrushing;
- toned side and rear windows;
- change front and rear bumpers;
- complete the car with a winch;
- install a body kit - kangaring, roof rack, stairs to back door;
- change wheels to larger ones with better tread;
- introduce a pre-heater into the vehicle.
In general, you can still do a lot, the main thing is that you have enough imagination, skill and money for tuning the UAZ "loaf" with your own hands.
Tuning of the UAZ "loaf" salon
Sitting in the "native" seats in the UAZ is extremely inconvenient, and when it comes to tuning the UAZ "loaf" salon, first of all, car owners change the seats in the car. There is no point in modifying the "seats", it is easier to "introduce" chairs from some foreign car or Russian passenger car.
But there is one problem - there is very little space on the front passenger and driver's seat, and not all "foreign" seats will fit here. If we consider the "seats" from Russian cars, then the seats from the "Oka", "Nine", "41st Moskvich" will enter the front salon. Truth, high quality spare parts from Russian cars do not differ, so it is better to take seats from foreign cars:
- Mitsubishi Delica;
- Honda Civic;
- Toyota RAV4;
- Opel Astra;
- Volkswagen passat B3.
The seats should not be wide, otherwise they will not fit in the cabin. But this is not the most important thing - it is important that they are not high, then it will be impossible to drive. 
If the car is going on a long trip, such as fishing or hunting, it is important to arrange comfortable sleeping places. Tuning the fishing salon also provides for the installation of a table at which one could dine during the trip. Of course, it's nice to have a picnic on the beach, but the weather is not always good, and you can't sit outside in the rain. 
It is equally important to carry out normal lighting in the rear passenger compartment - again, the "native" light leaves much to be desired. But here it should be borne in mind that a large number of salon shades "eats up" a lot of electricity, so even enough good battery can be easily planted. There is a way out of their position, you need to put LED lights instead of ordinary bulbs, and they have many advantages:
- little electricity is consumed;
- LED lamps look aesthetically pleasing;
- illuminate LEDs brighter;
- such lamps are much more durable.
There is also a drawback - LEDs are noticeably more expensive, but having installed such lighting once, you can forget about replacing bulbs for a long time. 
Another disadvantage of the UAZ is the scanty standard steering wheel, and many drivers do not like it. You can try to replace wheel for something better, but there is one problem - the steering wheel is not easy to pick up on the splines. Many car owners put the steering wheel from the Gazelle, but without alteration it turns out to be too high. Specially adapted steering wheels for UAZ are sold in car dealerships, they are the easiest to change. Another option is to install the steering wheel assembly with the steering column, then everything will definitely fit the mountings. If there is no desire and opportunity to tinker with the steering wheel alteration, you can attach a braid to the rim, it will also fit from the Gazelle.
The UAZ “loaf” dashboard looks rather primitive, and in order to somehow improve it, some car owners paste over the “tidy” with a film. You can also put dashboard from GAZ-3110 or "Gazelle", but there will already be more alterations here. 
External tuning "Loaf"
UAZ 3303 is very durable and reliable car however, the body and body parts are susceptible to corrosion. First of all, doors, body frame, floor begin to rot. If rust has gone along the body, repair is required, and welding is indispensable here. After work, the body of the loaf is treated with a composition of red lead with drying oil; there are also special means for processing body iron.
After welding and straightening work, body painting is required, but painting the car in a standard green color is not interesting. UAZ cars are tuned in different ways, and you can often see "loaves" tuning on the roads:
A body kit plays a significant role in tuning, and it is needed not only for beauty:
- kangaring and power bumpers protect the body from impacts;
- roof rack allows you to unload the car interior, take more cargo with you.
The elements of the body kit for external tuning for UAZ can be bought at car dealerships, the most popular is the products of the RIF company. On the power front bumper factory-made, you can fix a mechanical or electric winch, which is simply necessary in off-road conditions. 
Also, the roof rack is not for beauty, but still I want it to look aesthetically pleasing. To make a pretty homemade trunk, you need to have locksmith skills and experience, and without a certain skill, it is still better to buy finished products in car dealerships. At the factory expeditionary trunks brackets are provided for installing additional light, the factory product is capable of withstanding a load of up to 200-300 kg. In addition to its main task of transporting goods, the trunk also performs additional functions:
- protects the roof from all kinds of damage;
- serves to accommodate additional skylights;
- can carry a spare tire, for this a special mount is provided on the trunk.
Additional light is of considerable importance on the UAZ; it is quite problematic to move in the dark without good powerful headlights. Additional light is installed not only on the roof, but also in front, on power bumper(kangaring). It is best to install LED headlights, they have a number of advantages:
- LED lamps serve for a very long time, the service life of lamps is from 25 to 50 thousand hours;
- the lighting is bright, close to natural light;
- LEDs consume very little energy, approximately 10-15 times less than halogen lamps.
But LEDs also have their drawbacks - while lighting devices of this type are still quite expensive, and if the LEDs burn out, you have to change the entire headlight. 
Suspension tuning UAZ Loaf
Some car enthusiasts ask the question - why do you need tuning for off-road, if the UAZ already has very good cross-country ability? Of course, the "loaf" is well adapted to rough terrain, however, it can get bogged down in impassable mud. To make it easier to overcome the roads, the suspension of the UAZ 452/3303/3962 and other modifications is subjected to lifting - with the help of special spacers under the springs it increases ground clearance.
It should be noted that to increase the ground clearance, it is possible to carry out not only a suspension lift, but also from the body itself. In order to raise the body relative to the road, additional spacers are laid between the chassis and the frame. The frame is attached to the body with ten bolts and nuts, but it is sometimes difficult to unscrew the fasteners, since the nuts and bolts become rusty over time, and sometimes it is quite problematic to dismantle them.
It is possible to lift the suspension with the help of additional leaf springs, as well as by installing spacers between the axles and springs (they also install elongated spring earrings). Car dealerships sell special lifting kits, and you can increase the ground clearance to different heights - 20, 30, 40 and 50 millimeters. But when going to raise the body high relative to the road, it must be borne in mind that in this case the car loses its stability, and there is a danger of overturning. 
Tuning the UAZ Loaf engine
The old UAZ-452 models were equipped with the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant UMZ-451 engine, as well as other modifications of the UMZ internal combustion engine (414/417/4178). Later on UAZ "loaves" there were internal combustion engines of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, such as ZMZ-402 (4021) and ZMZ-409. Ulyanovsk motors of the first releases hardly make sense to modernize, in case of engine failure it is easier to replace it. And here motors ZMZ tune, and not so rarely.
What needs to be done to increase the power of the "402nd" engine in garage conditions? If the motor has a derated head of a block with a height of 98 mm (ZMZ-4021), you can mill the surface of the cylinder head, remove 4 mm. Thus, the engine will be adapted to run on AI-92 gasoline. When assembling piston group it does not hurt to adjust all pistons and connecting rods by weight, the difference between the connecting rod-piston pair in all cylinders by weight should not exceed 5 grams. Also, to reduce friction between the liner and the piston, the piston skirts can be polished with fine sandpaper (no. 1000), but this is done when they are not in a hurry to assemble the engine, since it will take a lot of polishing time. It will also be harmless to use a cutter to process the inlet holes in the manifold, as well as in the block head - several Horse power.
Some car owners bore cylinder liners for repair pistons +1 mm, although there is also a repair of +1.5 mm on Zavolzhsky 402 engines, only it is quite rare. Liner boring gives a slight increase in cylinder volume, respectively, and power.
The most popular type of modernization of the ZMZ-409 is chip tuning. For this, the firmware is changed in the ICE control unit, which also contributes to the improvement technical characteristics motor, power gain.
Replacing the engine with a more perfect one is also a tuning option, many car owners strive to install more modern motor, but it does not always have to be larger. An internal combustion engine with a large volume does not consume fuel very economically, and therefore, car owners often put a diesel engine on the UAZ, which has two main advantages over a gasoline engine:
- fuel consumption with a diesel engine is noticeably less;
- diesel internal combustion engine has better traction with the same cylinder volume with a gasoline engine.
Russian diesel engines ZMZ are not highly reliable, therefore, to replace gasoline engine imported power units are considered. Often the following motors are installed on UAZ "loaves":
- TD27 (Nissan, 2.7L);
- OM616 (Mercedes, 2.4L);
- 1KZ (Toyota, 3.0 l).
As a rule, an imported motor is paired with a foreign gearbox and razdatka, so it becomes necessary to fit the units under the bridges, to make changes to the suspension. Of course, you can put a modern turbodiesel on the "loaf", for example, Cummins 2.8, but it costs power unit expensive, and he does not tolerate Russian diesel fuel.
UAZ car suspension
Device
The car's suspension consists of four longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, working in conjunction with four double-acting hydraulic piston shock absorbers.
Rice. 1. Front suspension of the UAZ-451M car: 1- front bracket; 2- shock absorber strut; 3 - shock absorber; 4 - rear bracket; 5-rubber pad; 6 - spring clamps; 7 - stepladder; 8 - bridge travel stop buffer; 9 - spring
Rice. 2. Installation of the travel stop belt for the rear spring of the UAZ-451M car:
Shock absorbers are designed to damp vibrations that occur during vehicle movement and improve the smoothness of its movement.
On all UAZ-451M and UAZ-452 vehicles, springs are installed, the ends of which are fixed in rubber cushions.
For UAZ-451M cars, the front springs have eight sheets, the rear springs have ten sheets each.
On UAZ-452 vehicles, the same front and rear springs are installed, each of which consists of 14 sheets.
The length of all springs in a straightened state (between the centers of the pillows) is 1200 mm.
To prevent the possibility of jumping out while driving without load, the rear end of the rear spring on cars is equipped with a travel stop belt rear axle... Fig, 97 shows the installation of the rear axle limiter of the UAZ-451M car, and Fig. 98 - belt-restraint for 15 UAZ-452 vehicles.
The leaf springs are made of strip steel of a special profile and subjected to heat and shot blasting.
In all vehicles, the front end of the front spring and the rear end of the rear spring are movable.
Front and rear shock absorbers installed on UAZ-451M and UAZ-452 vehicles are the same in design and differ only in the location and length of the levers.
Rice. 3. Front and rear springs of the UAZ-452 car: 1 and 13 - bracket covers; 2 - rubber spring cushion; 3 - left bracket of the front end of the front spring and the rear end of the rear spring; 4 - spring cup; 5 and 16 - buffer clips; 6- spring buffer; 7 - buffer lining; 8 and 17 - stepladders of the front and rear springs; 9 - front spring pad; 10 - front and rear springs; 11 - upper spring cup; 12 - left bracket of the rear end of the front spring and the front end of the rear spring; 14 - lining of ladders; 15 - rear spring restraint belt; 18- rear spring lining
The shock absorbers are adjusted at the factory and do not require adjustment during operation.
The arrangement of the rear right shock absorber is shown in Fig. 4.
Rice. 4. Rear right shock absorber: 1 - shock absorber cylinder cover; 2, 27 and 36 - gaskets; 3 - shock absorber body; 4 - holes for the bolt fastening the shock absorber to the frame; 5-roller shock absorber; 6 - top plug; 7 - cam; 8 - stuffing box; 9 and 10 - body bushings; 11 - side plug; 12 - inlet valve; 13 and 16 - pistons: 14 - thrust piston head; 15-plug of the filling hole of the body; 17 - spring of the tightening screw of the pistons; 18 - clamping screw; 19 - shock absorber lever; 20 - plug of the working valve of the compression stroke; 21 - plug of the recoil stroke working valve; 22 - shock absorber strut; 23 - stand pin; 24 - rubber bushing; 25 - bronze bushing; 26 - steel spacer sleeve; 28 - washer; 29 - internal spring; 30 - outer spring; 31 - compression valve stem; 32-sleeve; 33 - recoil valve stem; 34-spring; 35 - washer; 37 - shock absorber strut eyelet; 38 - nut
Maintenance
Springs maintenance. After one TO-1, you need to check the fastening of the springs.
For each TO-2 it is necessary:
- check the condition of the springs and rubber cushions of the springs by inspection;
- if significant wear or destruction of the spring cushions is found, they must be replaced with new ones. It is especially necessary to monitor the condition of the cushions of the front springs, since significant wear of the supporting surface of the cushions causes wobble of the wheels and impairs the vehicle's handling;
- evenly tighten the nuts of the spring ladders.
If necessary, when a squeak appears, the springs should be cleaned of dirt and lubricated. For lubrication, jack the front or rear end of the frame so that the wheels do not touch the floor. Pressing the ends of the leaf springs with a screwdriver, put graphite grease in them.
Maintenance of shock absorbers. At each TO-1 check the condition of the shock absorbers. If a leak occurs through the gland, tighten the gland nut.
At each TO-2, check the condition of the front and rear shock absorbers by inspection and, if necessary, add shock absorber fluid to the lower edge of the filler hole without removing the shock absorbers from the car. When refilling, you need to detach the shock absorber strut and, shaking the lever, fill in the liquid in small portions.
Tighten the shock absorbers and struts mounting bolts.
Once a year, when performing regular maintenance of TO-2, remove the front and rear shock absorbers, unscrew the valve plugs, remove the valves and rinse with gasoline. Dry the parts before assembly.
When filling with fresh fluid, keep it clean, avoiding the smallest particles of dirt.
Install new 0.8 mm thick aluminum gaskets under the valve plugs. Valves should not be confused in places.
Do not remove cylinder covers.
After installing the shock absorbers on the frame, drain off excess fluid.
Removal and disassembly of suspension assemblies
To repair the suspension assemblies, it is necessary to remove them from the vehicle and disassemble them. After disassembling, cleaning and rinsing the parts, check their condition and determine their suitability for further work.
Removing the springs. To remove the spring, place the car on the inspection ditch and perform the following operations:
- set the front (or rear) part of the car on stands, remove the wheel, disconnect and move the shock absorber lever up;
- raise the front (or rear) axle with a jack;
- unscrew the fastening nuts and remove the ladders;
- unscrew the bolts securing the covers of the support bodies of the front and rear ends of the spring and remove the covers;
- remove the spring together with the rubber cushions.
Springs are installed on the car in the reverse order of removal.
Before installing the springs in the support bodies, the springs must be straightened. For this, a jack or a special device is used.
When installing the springs, pay attention to the position of the cups riveted to the ends of the root sheets; the fully enclosed cups at the front spring should be located at the front (movable) end, and at the rear spring at the rear (movable) end.
Removing shock absorbers. Place the vehicle on the inspection ditch and carry out the following operations.
Front shock absorber:
- unscrew the nut and knock out the lower pin of the shock absorber strut (UAZ-451M car);
- unscrew the lower nut of the shock absorber strut, move the shock absorber lever together with the strut up and remove the cushions and sockets of the shock absorber strut cushions;
- unscrew the nut, knock out the shock absorber strut pin and remove the strut.
Rear shock absorber:
- unscrew the nut securing the shock absorber strut eyelet to the rear axle housing bracket, move the shock absorber lever together with the strut up;
- unscrew the nuts of the shock absorber mounting bolts, remove the bolts and remove the shock absorber;
- unscrew the nuts, knock out the fingers and remove the rack and rack eyelet.
Install the shock absorbers in place in the reverse order of removal.
If wear appears in the shock absorber arm bushings or the lugs, press out the bushings with a mandrel and replace them with new ones.
Before pressing in the rubber bush, its outer surface, as well as the inner surface of the ear, should be lubricated with liquid soap. Pull up the bronze sleeve from the steel one, putting one on top of the other. In this case, lubricate the inner surface of the bronze sleeve with a thin layer of technical petroleum jelly or solid oil. Press the assembled bushings into the rubber bush.
If the shock absorber strut is bent, it must be straightened or replaced with a new one.
To connect the shock absorber lever to the strut, install the pin in the strut eyelet from the side of the hole with a large diameter (9.5 mm).
General instructions
For the assembly of springs. After disassembling and replacing defective sheets, assemble the spring following the instructions below.
Before assembling the spring, grease the sheets with graphite grease.
Punch out the threaded end of the spring center bolt or crush it off the end with hammer blows.
The rivet end of the clamp after riveting to the leaf of the spring should not protrude above the surface of the leaf.
Spring clamps after compression should not impede free movement of sheets during spring operation.
After assembly, paint the spring with MS-17 alkyd-styrene enamel.
Tighten the bolts of the spring bracket covers and the nuts of the ladders after the springs settle from the weight of the engine and body installed on the vehicle.
The springs of the UAZ-452 vehicle must be sorted according to the dimensions of the deflection boom under a load of 600 kg into two groups:
Group I - deflection arrow 15-25 mm;
Group II - deflection arrow 15-5 mm (marked with green paint on the cup).
The diagram for measuring the boom deflection of the springs is shown in Fig. 5.
For disassembly and assembly of shock absorbers. In the event of a malfunction in the shock absorber, detach the shock absorber strut, as described above, and check by hand the force of movement of the shock absorber lever up and down. Movement of the lever without much effort at the beginning, and with further rotation with significant effort, indicates an insufficient amount of shock absorber fluid in the housing.
Moving the lever without great effort from one extreme position to another indicates an almost complete absence of shock absorbing fluid in the body or a clogged valve.
The reason for the very tight movement of the lever may be the breakdown of the shock absorber parts or the appearance of defects in them (deformation, scuffing, cracks).
When disassembling a (partial) shock absorber, keep in mind the following.
In case of partial disassembly, possible in a garage, the following can be removed: filler plug, valve plugs and service valves. The cylinder covers should not be removed.
When disassembling and assembling shock absorbers, ensure that the workplace is particularly clean and observe the following instructions.
Do not clamp the shock absorber in a vise by the body, as this may deform the cylinder walls. The shock absorber must be bolted to the fixture (plate, elbow) through the holes in the body, and the fixture must be fixed in a vice. The shock absorber can also be clamped in a vice by the lever.
When assembling the shock absorber, the valves should not be confused in places to avoid improper operation of the shock absorber (the recoil stroke valve has one spring, the compression stroke valve has two springs), and it is also not recommended to rearrange the corresponding valves from one shock absorber to another.
Rice. 5. Measurement of the boom deflection at the springs
When assembling shock absorbers to ensure tightness, it is necessary to replace the aluminum gaskets under the valve plugs (parts 11-2905092) with new ones. The thickness of the gasket is 0.8 mm.
The shock absorbers need to be filled with 145 cm3 of shock absorber fluid. The liquid level in the crankcase in the operating position must reach the lower edge of the filler hole. When filling with fresh liquid, you need to wiggle the lever until the drop in level stops.
To unscrew the shock absorber covers (with holes with five slots), you need to use a special wrench with paws, in order to avoid damage to the covers and loss of tightness.
It is not recommended to dismantle the lever, roller and cam during disassembly.
It should be borne in mind that at the factory, shock absorber bodies and pistons are sorted into 4 groups according to the size of the cylinder and piston diameters in order to facilitate selection.
The piston must move in the cylinder without binding.
The angle of the total possible rotation of the lever must be at least 70 °.
After assembly, the shock absorber is checked by hand for smoothness and noiselessness of action, tested for tightness by pumping on the stand and adjusted.
Or, in the folk way, "loaf", is very popular on the roads of our country, despite its simplicity, not too comfortable interior and poor sound and vibration isolation. However, the "loaf" was originally produced by domestic manufacturers for military needs, due to which the machine is quite versatile and has a large capacity.
Now UAZ is quite often used as ambulances, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the police. The owners of these cars love them for their good cross-country ability, reliability and low cost of maintenance.
General characteristics
Despite the fact that many off-road vehicles manufactured by well-known American, German, Asian and other foreign car manufacturers are inferior to UAZ in terms of cross-country ability, even a domestic “loaf” can get stuck in serious off-road conditions. In this regard, many motorists strive to endow their “ iron horse»All the best qualities off-road vehicle. One of the many options is a do-it-yourself UAZ "loaf" suspension lift.
Since the UAZ is quite simple in technical design, it provides many tuning options, including the suspension. The lightest and in a simple way the increase in ground clearance is the installation of new wheels on the car. Putting wheels of greater width and height on the "loaf", you can achieve the most even distribution of pressure on the soil. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to overcome wetlands, to pass without touching the suspension over large stones and bumps. The only drawback of this method is the need to change the car body, namely to expand the arches by cutting out the fenders and replacing them with new ones corresponding in size to the enlarged wheels.
The higher - the better the cross-country ability
But in order to significantly increase the ground clearance, one wheel change will not be enough. In this case, most motorists carry out the UAZ "loaf" suspension lift with their own hands. There are some recommendations, adherence to which will allow you to avoid many mistakes and correctly perform the lift.
To begin with, it is worth noting that there are two ways to raise the UAZ. One is the car body lift, the other is the suspension lift. The first method is the easiest and at the same time the safest. This is explained by the fact that with a body lift, the center of gravity is practically not transferred, allowing you to maintain the stability of the car when cornering and off-road. This tuning is carried out by placing spacers (most often aluminum) between the car frame and the body. By performing a body lift, you can increase the ground clearance by a maximum of 15 centimeters.
The suspension lift leads to a significant improvement in the vehicle's off-road performance. However, this method is associated with some risk, since the center of gravity is shifted much higher, as a result of which the car loses stability when cornering and when driving fast on uneven surfaces.
How to perform a suspension lift
When lifting the UAZ "loaf" suspension with your own hands, you must remember about the shift in the center of gravity of the machine. Therefore, when deciding on what height to raise your car, it is important to observe:
- a rational relationship between increased cross-country ability and the likelihood of rollover;
- the maximum possible angle of inclination of the universal joint, exceeding the value of which will lead to the loss of performance of the parts.
These are the roads you have to wade
You can reduce the risk of rollover and improve safety when driving off-road by following these steps.
- Increase track width by installing wheel spacers.
- Fit to the car wider wheel disks and rubber.
- It is recommended to additionally replace the factory bridges with bridges of other models, for example, "Spicer".
You can expand the track of the UAZ by installing on it disc brakes... This method allows you to increase the distance between the wheels by approximately 5 centimeters.
To eliminate the likelihood of problems with the gimbals after the lift, you can use one of the following methods.
- When you need to make the elevator larger, you can put elongated cardan shafts from other car models or spacers between cardan and bridge flanges.
- Make the suspension lift so that, as a result, the values of the angles of inclination of the universal joints are close to the maximum permissible indicators, but do not exceed them. For the UAZ 452, this critical value is about 8 centimeters.
- If you need to increase the elevator even more the best option will be installed on the UAZ from the side transfer case double crosspieces with bearing. You can try to turn the gearboxes of the axles of the car so that the angle of inclination of the cross near the shank has the smallest value. Hinges cardan shafts will function normally if they are installed in a single plane. Otherwise, excessive vibration will appear, which will lead to early wear and loss of performance.
Advanced all-terrain vehicle
Each of these methods is used in order to increase the ground clearance in the car, the choice depends only on the desired final height. These methods are suitable for almost all UAZ models, for example, for tuning the UAZ Patriot or UAZ 469 suspension.
The height to which the "loaf" should be lifted and the method of making the lift are determined in this way. When driving off-road with a large number of stones, stumps, logs, as well as, if necessary, to overcome ditches, precipices and embankments, a high position of the car frame will be useful. And if you need to drive through swampy terrain or get out of a deep rut, the distance from the frame to the ground does not really matter, because the vehicle's permeability depends only on the ground clearance, which is determined by the height of the wheels.
It is the suspension lift that allows you to install wheels on the UAZ bigger size, helping to increase the vehicle's cross-country ability. As a result, the increased clearance from the ground to the frame allows you to effectively overcome uneven surfaces with various obstacles.
The front and rear suspension of the family of utility vehicles UAZ-3741, UAZ-3962, UAZ-3909, UAZ-2206, UAZ-3303 of the carriage layout - spring, two types, consists of four longitudinal semi-elliptical springs working together with telescopic double-acting shock absorbers.
Front and rear suspension of utility vehicles UAZ-374195, 390945, 390995, 330395, 330365.
UAZ-374195 is a van with an all-metal closed wagon-type body, divided into a two-seater cabin and a cargo compartment. Uaz-390945 - cargo, with an increased base, a five-seater cabin and a metal platform. UAZ-390995 - a van divided into a two-seater cabin, a five-seater passenger compartment and a cargo hold. Uaz-330395 - cargo, with a double cabin and a wooden platform. Uaz-330365 - cargo, with an increased base, a two-seater cabin, a metal or wooden platform.
Forged spring cups increase the contact area of the sheet with the rubber pad and reduce wear. The rubber cushion has a larger upper and lower nubs connected by a bridge. With the help of these pillows, the ends of the springs are embedded in cast ductile iron brackets riveted to the frame side members.
Covers are bolted to the bottom of the spring brackets. Tightening the covers creates the necessary clamping of the rubber pads located between the bracket and the cover. Removable covers allow you to dismantle the springs and replace the rubber pads. Anchoring the ends in rubber pads ensures quiet operation and does not require lubrication.
To the lower part of the frame side member, a cast iron buffer clip is bolted. A rubber buffer located inside this cage softens the impacts received by the side members with small deflections of the springs. The deflection of the spring during the upward movement of the bridge is limited by the cage of the rubber buffer; when the buffer is fully compressed, the axle casing rests against it.
When installing the spring on a car, there is no need to distinguish the front end of the spring from the rear, since the stamped cups riveted to the main sheets are the same. Catalog number springs - 452-2902012-03 or 452-2902012-04.
- Test load Pk, daN: 588
- Spring assembly weight, kg: 21.6
- Full length of spring L, mm: 1245
- Estimated length of the spring L ’, mm: 1200
- Estimated length of the front end I, mm: 619.5
- Package height H, mm: 81.5
There is also a reinforced version of the spring for cargo-passenger UAZ, with sixteen sheets per packet. Catalog number - 3883-2912012.
Test load Pk, daN: 750
Spring assembly weight, kg: 26.9
Full length of spring L, mm: 1245
Estimated length of the spring L ’, mm: 1200
Estimated length of the front end I, mm: 619.5
Package height H, mm: 101
Shock absorbers for utility vehicles UAZ-374195, 390945, 390995, 330395, 330365.
Front and rear shock absorbers are hydraulic, telescopic, double-acting, identical and interchangeable. The cars can be equipped with shock absorbers with cylinder diameters of 35 and 40 mm. Installation of shock absorbers of different dimensions in pairs along the axes is allowed. The maximum length of the shock absorbers in the extended state is 550 mm, the minimum in the compressed state is 350 mm. Catalog number - 3151-2905006.
UAZ-396255 is a van divided into a two-seater cabin and a cargo-passenger compartment. UAZ-396295 - ambulance with a wagon-type body, divided into a two-seater cabin and a sanitary salon. Uaz-220695 is a bus with a wagon-type body, divided into a two-seater cabin and a passenger compartment, designed to carry passengers.
The front and rear longitudinal semi-ellipticals of these cars are three-leaf, tightened by a central bolt and two clamps that limit their lateral movement. Rear springs with springs, a stabilizer is installed in the front suspension lateral stability... The catalog number of the front spring is 3962-2902010, the rear one is 3962-2912010.
- Test load Pk, daN: 539
- Spring assembly weight, kg: 16.4
- Full length of spring L, mm: 1335
- Package height H, mm: 39.5
- Test load Pk, daN: 640
- Spring assembly weight, kg: 16.0
- Full length of spring L, mm: 1326
- Estimated length of the spring L ’, mm: 1250
- Estimated length of the front end I, mm: 625
- Package height H, mm: 44.3
Front hydropneumatic and rear hydraulic shock absorbers - double-acting, telescopic. The maximum length of the shock absorbers in the extended state is 550 mm, the minimum in the compressed state is 350 mm. Catalog number - 3151-2905006.
The car's suspension consists of four longitudinal semi-elliptical springs working in conjunction with hydraulic telescopic double-acting shock absorbers (Fig. 194, 195).
Fig. 194. Front suspension of cars of the UAZ-31512 family:
1-front bracket; 2-frame; 3-buffer; 4-pad; 5-shock absorber bracket; 6-shock absorber; 7-rear bracket; 8 rubber grommets; 9-outer cheek earring; 10-inner cheek earring; 11-step ladder; 12-lining; 13-spring; 14-washer; 15-spring sleeve; 16-axle leaf springs
Fig. 195. Front suspension of cars of the UAZ-3741 family:
1-front spring bracket; 2-frame; 3-spring; 4-pad; 5-buffer; 6-lining buffer; 7-shock absorber; 8-shock absorber bracket; 9-rear spring bracket; 10-rubber pad; 11-bracket cover; 12-finger shock absorber; 13 rubber grommets; 14-lining; 15-tie bolt; 16-step ladder; 17-clamps
The front springs of cars of the UA3-31512 family consist of 8 sheets, the rear springs - of 7 or 9 sheets, depending on the configuration.
Front and rear springs of cars of the UAZ-3741 family are the same and interchangeable, they consist of 13 sheets. The fastening of the front and rear springs is the same.
For individual cars of the UAZ-31512 family (including all UAZ-3153 cars), a front spring suspension is installed (Fig. 196) and a rear suspension with small leaf springs (Fig. 197).
Fig. 196. Front spring suspension:
1-trailing arm; 2-transverse thrust; 3, 9 rubber-metal hinges; 4, 5-trailing arm brackets; 6-rubber hinges; 7, 8-nuts; 10, 11-front linkage brackets; 12-spring; 13, 14-spring brackets "; 15-vibration-absorbing gasket; 16-stabilizer; 17-stabilizer bracket; 18, 19-rubber bushings; 20-step ladder; 21-buffer; 22-shock absorber
Fig. 197. Rear suspension with small leaf springs:
1-shock absorber bracket; 2-spring; 3-shock absorber; 4-frame; 5-pad; 6-step ladder; 7-lining; 8-earring bracket; 9-shock absorber bracket; 10-nut of a stepladder; 11-axis; 12-rubber sleeve; 13-buffer; 14-inner cheek of the earring; 15-finger; 16-outer cheek of the earring; 17-finger nut
Small leaf spring consists of 3 sheets (for UAZ-3153 - 4 sheets).
Front and rear shock absorbers (Fig. 198) of all cars, except for cars with spring suspension, are the same and interchangeable.
Fig. 198. Shock absorber:
1-eyelet; 2-restrictor of the compression valve; 3-compression valve body; 4-valve compression; 5-inlet valve; 6-tank; 7-cylinder; 8-valve recoil; 9-piston; 10-overflow valve; 11-stock; 12-casing; 13-rod guide sleeve; 14-bottom o-ring; 15-gland; 16-top o-ring; 17- cage of oil seals; 18-tank nut; 19-washer; 20-protective ring; 21-stem oil seal; 22-rebound buffer (for spring suspension)
On vehicles with front spring suspension and rear with small leaf springs, the front shock absorbers are shorter (by 25 mm).
Shock absorbers with cylinder diameters of 35 mm and 40 mm can be installed on cars. It is allowed to install shock absorbers of different dimensions in a complete set along the axes.
