The UMZ 451 engine was intended for completing cars off-road UAZ brands full weight 3.5 tons, such as UAZ-469 and UAZ-452, and trucks carrying capacity up to 1.5 tons.
Peculiarities. The UMZ 451 engine is practically an engine with minor changes. The crankshaft and camshaft from the GAZ-21, the main bearing caps are aluminum, the back cover is molded together with the rear oil seal housing (packing is used). The water pump is installed on the cylinder head. The diameter of the cap of the inlet valve is 44 mm, of the outlet valve - 36 mm. The UMZ-451M already uses a crankshaft and a camshaft from a GAZ-24 engine (the same main bearings).
Unlike and, UMP 451 has rectangular channels in the cylinder head, and the collectors themselves are also "square". A single chamber carburetor is used. As well as on all UMP engines, the engine is equipped with a “Zhiguli” oil filter. UMZ-451MIE - an engine with a shielded ignition system.
The resource of the UMZ 451 engine is about 150-200 thousand km.
Engine characteristics UMZ 451 / 451M UAZ-469, Loaf
| Parameter | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Configuration | L |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Volume, l | 2,445 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 92,0 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 92,0 |
| Compression ratio | 6,7 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 2 (1-inlet; 1-outlet) |
| Gas distribution mechanism | OHV |
| The order of the cylinders | 1-2-4-3 |
| Rated motor power / at speed crankshaft | 51.5-55.0 kW - (70-75hp) / 4000 rpm |
| Maximum torque / at engine speed | 170 N m / 2200 rpm |
| Supply system | Carburetor K-129V |
| Recommended minimum octane number of gasoline | 72, 76 |
| Environmental standards | Euro 0 |
| Weight, kg | - |
Design
Four-stroke, four-cylinder gasoline carburetor with a contact ignition distributor, in-line cylinders and pistons rotating one common crankshaft, with a single lower camshaft. The engine has a closed-type forced circulation liquid cooling system. Lubrication system - under pressure and spray.
The cylinder block is cast from an aluminum alloy with installed in it cast iron sleeves wet type.
Service
Changing the oil in the UMZ 451 engine. Oil change interval - 10 thousand km. The oil volume of a dry engine with an oiled radiator is different for UMZ-451 and UMZ-451M! The first has 6.2 liters, the second has 5.8. Please note that between 0.5 and 1 liter of oil always remains in the lubrication system and the radiator. The buttered filter on the UMZ-451M from the VAZ 2101, on the UMZ-451 is the same as on the GAZ-21 (ratchet). The oil recommended by the manufacturer is M-8-B SAE 15W-20, M-6z / 12G SAE 20W-30, M-5z / 10g1, M-4z / 6B1 SAE 15W-30.
Adjustment of valves It is necessary to adjust the gaps every 15 thousand km.
The UMZ 414 engine was used for UAZ-469 and UAZ-452 vehicles. Serial production began in 1978, while the production of the UMZ-451M engine continued. Since 1986, the UMP-4146 has been produced. Peculiarities. The UMZ 414 motor was a further development of the UMZ-451 motor. The 414th motor has no significant differences from the 21st in terms of basic parameters. Its main difference from the GAZ-21 engine is in the new design of the cylinder block of increased rigidity.
In addition, the front crankshaft oil seal has been designed externally. Oil filter from Zhiguli of the first model. The lubrication system itself differs from the 451st motor - oil enters the oil cooling radiator through a filter directly from the main bearing lubrication channel. The engine is equipped with an oil catcher for the crankcase ventilation system. We can say that the 414 engine is a transitional model between the 451 and 417 engines. Compression ratio on the motor 6.7: 1. The power system uses a single-chamber carburetor K-131. The water pump is attached to the cylinder head. The service life of this engine was raised from 120 to 150 thousand km. UMP 414 later served as the basis for UMP 417, having received a different cylinder head (similar to the GAZ-24) and a compression ratio of 7.0: 1. This motor develops 92 hp.
Characteristics of the UMZ 414 engine
| Parameter | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Configuration | L |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Volume, l | 2,445 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 92,0 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 92,0 |
| Compression ratio | 6,7 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 2 (1-inlet; 1-outlet) |
| Gas distribution mechanism | OHV |
| The order of the cylinders | 1-2-4-3 |
| Engine rated power / at engine speed | 56.6 kW - (77 hp) / 4000 rpm |
| Maximum torque / at engine speed | 172 N m / 2200 rpm |
| Supply system | Carburetor K-129V, K-131, K-131A |
| Recommended minimum octane number of gasoline | 76 |
| Environmental standards | Euro 0 |
| Weight, kg | 165 |
Design
Four-stroke four-cylinder gasoline carburetor with a contact ignition distributor, in-line cylinders and pistons rotating one common crankshaft, with a single lower camshaft. The engine has a closed-type forced circulation liquid cooling system. Lubrication system - under pressure and spray. The cylinder block is aluminum with wet cast iron liners. Crankshaft and camshaft from the GAZ-24 engine. Packing is also used at the rear with a packing holder separate from the last main bearing cap. The inlet valve has a diameter of 44mm, the outlet valve is 36mm. The manifold with round channels and smooth bends for a single-chamber carburetor. It is worth noting that, depending on the carburetor model and the release setting, the engine developed power in the range of 77-80 hp.
1 - flywheel; 2 - mounting lug; 3 - heater tap; 4 - cylinder head cover; 5 - inlet pipeline; 6 - nuts of the cylinder head mounting studs; 7 - valve rocker; 8 - the axis of the rocker arms; 9 - crankcase ventilation pipe; 10 - cylinder head; 11 - valve springs; 12 - slinger cap; 13 - valve sleeve; 14 - oil filler cap; 15 - valve; 16 - cylinder head gasket; 17 - coolant pump; 18 - barbell; 19 - pusher; 20 - fan pulley; 21 - a camshaft; 22 - driven gear wheel of the camshaft drive; 23 - torsional vibration damper; 24 - pulley hub; 25 - pulley; 26 - pulley bolt; 27 - cuff; 28 - the driving gear of the camshaft drive; 29 - crankshaft; 30 - oil pan; 31 - cylinder liner; 32 - piston; 33 - oil drain plug; 34 - connecting rod; 35 - oil intake; 36 - oil pump; 37 - cylinder block; 38 - exhaust manifold; 39 - clutch housing.
crank mechanism
Cylinder block cast, made of aluminum alloy with replaceable "wet" cast iron sleeves, sleeves with molybdenum addition. Aluminum covers for the crankshaft supports, the lock where the covers are on the 4 mm block and the head with OVAL windows and M11 studs. Cylinder head cast aluminum alloy, with plug-in seats and valve guides, common to all cylinders. The combustion chamber flat oval, located in the cylinder head. Pistons cast, from an aluminum alloy, tin-plated, with steel thermostatic inserts cast in them, tin-plated. Piston rings: compression: 2, cast iron: top chrome-plated, bottom tin-plated. oil scraper: 1, steel, composite. Piston pins steel, hollow, floating, with two retaining rings. Connecting rods steel, forged, I-section, with a bronze bushing pressed into the upper head. Crankshaft cast, cast iron, 5-point, with counterweights. The diameter of the main journals is 64 mm, of the connecting rods - 58 mm. Main and connecting rod bearings with replaceable thin-walled steel-aluminum liners Thickness, mm: main liner - 2.25; connecting rod bearing- 1.75; antifriction layer - 0.33. Flywheel cast, cast iron, with a pressed-on toothed rim for starting the engine with a starter.Gas distribution mechanism (timing)
Camshaft 5-pillar, steel, forged. Camshaft drive gear from the crankshaft by a pair of helical gears. Camshaft bushings rolled up of steel tape cast in babbitt. Valves parallel to the cylinder axis inlet tulip-shaped from heat-resistant steel 40X9S2. disc diameter 44 mm, seat chamfer angle 45 °, valve lift 9.5 mm graduation discs made of heat-resistant steel 55H20G9AN4 with surfacing of the working surface with EP616A alloy, disc diameter 36 mm, seat chamfer angle 45 °, valve lift 9.5 mm. Gas distribution phases, degrees: opening of the inlet valve to v.m.t. 12 closing of the inlet valve after n.m.t. 60 opening of the outlet valve to b.c. 54 closure of the exhaust valve after v.m.t. 18 Sintered valve guides Valve lifters steel, plunger type, with surfacing made of special cast iron. Push rods made of aluminum alloy, with pressed-on steel tips. Valve frame steel, cast with a bronze bushing.
The ZMZ-21 engine was installed on the main part of the Volga M-21 and GAZ-21 produced.
It was an all-aluminum overhead valve bottom-shaft engine with a displacement of 2.445 liters. Since it is structurally similar in many respects to the engines of the ZMZ-402.10 type ("Volga", "GAZelle") widely known in our time, it is easiest to describe the features of its design by contrasting it with this particular family.
The GAZ-21 engine was adapted for use lubricants with extremely low level qualities available at that time in the USSR - the instruction recommended the use of "industrial oil-50, engine oil SU, automobile M8B or autotractor AS-9.5", which was an advantageous difference from foreign models. At the same time, the use of low-quality lubricants led to a decrease in the service interval (oil change every 3000 km with a significant decrease under difficult operating conditions) and a decrease in engine durability. Gasoline was also used of a very low grade by European standards - with an octane rating motor method not less than 70 (in the version for the domestic market).
At the same time, in terms of durability, the Volga engine was at least not inferior to foreign engines of similar displacement - the plant's guaranteed resource before the first overhaul was 200 thousand km, but in practice, with a gramont and careful operation, the engine could “retreat” and 500 thousand. For comparison, in the United States, for much larger passenger engines, a mileage to overhaul of 140 thousand miles (~ 250 thousand km) was considered a good indicator, and for a heavy-duty truck with diesel engine an excellent indicator was 400 thousand km. High maintainability, which makes it possible to carry out overhaul motor in artisanal conditions, without requiring complex equipment boring of the cylinder walls, in fact, made the Volgovskiy motor practically "eternal".
The main features of the ZMZ-21 in comparison with the "402" family are: a cylinder head with valves of a smaller diameter and a different arrangement of the water pump (the pump was lubricated not with antifreeze, but with a grease gun through a lithol grease nipple); compression ratio for gasoline grades A-72 or A-80 (the latter should not be confused with modern AI-80 / A-76; depending on the modification - normal or for export); two-stage oil purification system (two partial-flow filters - coarse and fine); intake manifold of rectangular cross-section with fastening for a single-chamber carburetor; contact system ignition. It is essential that there is an upper plane on the cylinder block that fixes the liners (on the ZMZ-402, the liners are placed in an open block). There were other, less noticeable differences. From the foregoing it follows that, in general, the differences between engines of the ZMZ-21 and ZMZ-402 families are insignificant. Carburetor engines"Volg" of all families (-21, -24, -31xx) and "GAZelles", except for engines of the 406th family, in principle, are interchangeable in the assembly, but taking into account some minor modifications of the crankcase, transmission and attachments... The possibilities of detailed interchangeability are much narrower. The situation with UMP engines much better in both ways.
The block was aluminum cast in a chill mold. Liners - wet, replaceable, made of gray cast iron, fitted into a block with an interference fit. The cylinder head is cast, aluminum, with plug-in cast iron valve seats. The candles were screwed into it from the left. On the right side of the engine there was an intake manifold with a single-chamber carburetor and an exhaust manifold, a generator direct current, a coarse oil filter and a drain cock. On the left were a starter, a breaker-distributor, an oil gauge and fuel pump... Pistons - aluminum tinned, with three piston rings- two compression and one oil scraper. The piston pin is shifted 1.5 mm to the right to reduce engine noise. The crankshaft is five-bearing, cast from cast iron, thin-walled bimetallic (steel-babbit) liners. Valve diameters: inlet - 44 mm, outlet - 36 mm.
The carburetors K-22I (on all cars of the first and second series and on part of the third series up to the end of the 1960s), K-105 (on a small part of the early third series - 1962-1965) and K-124 (on the later third series), all single-chamber type. After the end of the production of the GAZ-21, the K-129 was produced as a spare part for it, very slightly different from the K-124. All four carburetor models are completely interchangeable assembled, and K-124 and K-129 are also interchangeable for most parts.
Power ranged from 70 hp. and 80 hp. (early modifications, standard and export configurations) up to 75 hp and 85 hp. (later modifications) at ~ 4000 rpm. The increase in power on export modifications was achieved by reducing the height of the cylinder head, subject to the use of higher-octane fuel available abroad. The torque was 166.7 Nm on the base modification and reached around ~ 2200 rpm. Thus, in terms of its characteristics, the engine is close to modern light diesel engines, and not gasoline engines.
BRIEF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Engine type: Four-stroke, carburetor, gasoline, overhead valve, four-cylinder
Arrangement of cylinders: Vertical, in a row
Diameter of the cylinder and piston stroke in mm: 92Х92
Displacement in liters: 2,445
The order of the cylinders: 1-2-4-3
Compression ratio: 6.7
Fuel: Gasoline А-72 (А-76, А-80)
Maximum power at 4000 rpm in hp from .: 75 (80, 85)
Maximum torque at 2000 rpm in kgm: 17 (18, 19)
Weight of the engine complete with gearbox, central brake and all equipment (without oil and water) in kg: 20
1 - lever manual paging gasoline
2 - oil level indicator
3 - fuel pump
4 - exhaust pipe for crankcase ventilation
5 - inlet pipe of the water pump
4 - fine fuel filter
7 - ignition distributor
8 - adjusting nuts of the octane-corrector of the ignition distributor
9 - starter
10 - coarse oil filter
11 - drain cock of the water jacket of the cylinder block
12 - cock of the radiator of the body heater
13 - inlet pipe
14 - exhaust manifold
15 - carburetor
16 - air filter
17 - carburetor safety guard
18 - generator mounting strip
19 - generator
20 - oil pressure sensor
The ZMZ-21A engine was used on RAF minibuses and YerAZ vans; the latter were produced back in the 1980s. On its basis, the Ulyanovsk Engine Building Plant created its own version of the UMZ-451 engine, which was installed on UAZ cars for a long time. Differences between UMZ-451 and ZMZ-21A are minimal, especially in the first releases: at first glance, this is the same engine.
classmates
