The familiar GAZ 69 has served for the benefit of the people for a long time. It's kind of an all-terrain vehicle that needed a change. The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant started preparing the release of a new car, which replaced this all-terrain vehicle.
The history of the creation of bridges on the UAZ
Front and rear uazovsky bridge
The task was serious and difficult, but nevertheless they began to solve it. The main customer for such a transport was the Ministry of Defense. The military wanted to have a car that could be light, high cross-country ability, dynamic, able to move where it is possible to do only on a tank. But at the same time, it should be inexpensive, easy to use, technologically advanced, and have easy repairs. In the national economy, there was also a need for such vehicles, due to the fact that the roads left much to be desired.
The designers have created two bridges: civil and military. They are installed on UAZ vehicles.
Civil bridges are called "collective farm" bridges. They are fixed on such cars as "loaf", "tadpole", "goat", long and classic, "farmer".
Military bridge - reducer, two-stage, U-shaped bridge. Their installation is carried out on some samples of "goats" with an index of 0.3X. The new "goats" (316 *) are equipped with bridges of the "spicer" type, "leopards" (3159 *) and 316 * with a raised track - elongated warriors, gear with extended stockings.
Distinctive features of UAZ with military bridges
The military bridge has final drives. This makes it possible to increase the vehicle's ground clearance. They are distinguished by their reliability, since the main pair has larger teeth, but their quantitative composition is smaller than that of civilian bridges.
This is what military bridges look like.
The purpose of military bridges is that they are able to move effortlessly through mud and deep rut. Therefore, the additional ground clearance of the military bridge of 8 cm made it possible to move such vehicles off-road. The increased torque in off-road conditions has also become a huge plus and a help. The speed of movement on such a car, especially on the highway, is reduced, and a car with a military bridge will not be able to accelerate more than 90 km / h. UAZ is not intended for racing on roads, it exists for driving on bumpy roads.
There are myths, created by the same motorists themselves, regarding noise, roll-over, speed, consumption of military bridges:
- The UAZ car allows movement at a sufficiently high speed, if the spare parts of its bridge are of high-quality assembly and the main connections are well controlled.
- Only a faulty front or rear axle of a car can make noise, regardless of whether it is military or not.
- Military bridges have excellent roll-up (raid). Regardless of its type, only a non-worker can have trouble getting out.
- Military men can be much more economical than collective farm bridges. Consumption is entirely due to the high-quality operation of the engine, the serviceability of the bridge.
The diametral rod of the rudder is straight and short, it is located from one wheel to another. This detail of a warrior cannot be replaced by a draft from a collective farmer. You can buy a "warrior" without an auto-drive on the front axle.
The separately purchased rod must be attached before rolling in the bridge so that the hubs do not disperse later.
Our automotive industry produces two types of steering bipods: the first in Yekaterinburg, the second in Nizhny Novgorod. This spare part is installed in the left steering knuckle.
The bipod is made of solid metal, by milling, without welding elements. If a new bipod is installed, you do not need to think that the steering forces will change, they remain optimal. During installation, the bipod is cleaned, lubricated and tightened, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for adjusting UAZ vehicles.
Features of brake shields and subtleties
When the front axle requires repair, attention should be paid to the brake shields.
The front and rear shields of military and civil bridges are different from each other. Military bridges can be installed on collective farm bridges, and the latter - only with revision.
Distinctive features of shields:
- The farmer's nearest fastening hole is located exactly under the brake cylinder, the brake assembly of the military bridge does not have such accuracy and is located between the holes. The brake disc will go a little to the side and down, when pumping, an air particle remains in the corner of the cylinder, difficulties will arise.
- Landing hole. Their sizes on bridges are the same, but the fit is slightly different, in this case the collective farm bridge will rest against the sides of the trunnion.
- Stamping. The military bridge has a positive overhang of 4 mm. The center plane is 4 mm below the outer edge. If the collective farm is installed in place of the warrior, the brake drum will jam on the brake shield. In a UAZ car with a military bridge, the landing center will be below the outer side by the same 4 mm.
The clearance of the improved UAZ has increased significantly
Many car enthusiasts dream of such an SUV. But in order to buy it, be it new or used, you need to pay attention to such subtleties as:
- year of production, color performance, rally, price;
- technical condition of the car body: corrosiveness, the use of anticorrosive;
- inspection of the car roof. which will help you find out if it is factory or do-it-yourself;
- bridge category: geared, "collective farmer" or "spicer";
- the amount of fuel and oil consumption for the engine;
- suspension form: leaf, spring;
- power steering;
- the seller's opinion about the condition of his car;
- car tuning;
- issue with license plates, license plates of the chassis, engine;
- the presence of other UAZ car owners with a military bridge;
- PTS - registration at the place of residence;
- admissibility of withdrawal / registration.
All this information can be obtained by calling the car owner who is going to sell the car.
The right choice when buying
Inspection of UAZ vehicles with military bridges in the parking lot when making a choice to buy a used car.
A large number of malfunctions can be eliminated without certain efforts and consequences - spare parts for such cars can always be found at disassembly, in car dealerships and markets. When checking, the engine should start, there should be no blue and black exhaust from the pipe. Listening to the engine in different operating modes, paying attention to noises and squeaks is a prerequisite. Look for oil drips under the engine - it should be dry under the car.
A thorough diagnosis is required before purchasing.
The lubrication system is checked using a dipstick; oil cannot contain additives and formations. The top-up level is maximum.
The cooling system is checked by fixing the fluid in the expander. The appearance of the radiator and engine must be free of smudges and stains. The temperature regime of the motor is kept at a constant level.
To assess the generator, you need to press the gas pedal at idle speed. According to the indicators of the devices, one can judge the mileage of the car. If the mileage is high, more than 80,000 km, then it is simply necessary to check the compression. It is advisable to perform this procedure when the engine troit, pulls poorly. You can compare the readings using the recommendations for use.
The corrosiveness of the body plays a huge role for the driver who decided to purchase a UAZ with military bridges.
Connections to the floor, swivel brackets, windshield framing, plastic suspension, a place under the pedals, thresholds where small debris and condensation accumulate, the skirt of the rear lights body - all this can be found when buying a used UAZ car.
Steering gear - check for play and binding on site. When shifting gears, there can be no noise and squeaks, the gearbox must allow switching on gears without them falling out.
The pivots should be free of play; to check, you need to swing the front wheels by the top.
Checking the brakes is that when the pedal is pressed, they are triggered in a certain mode, the car should not be skidded to the side.
Cardan backlash can occur when it rotates. Otherwise, there can be no backlash. Everyone can buy a UAZ, but not everyone will figure out how to repair it and what spare parts are needed for this.
The UAZ Patriot SUV is designed to overcome various off-road conditions. But when the goal appears to overcome difficult off-road, and impassable roads and hilly terrain, then this necessarily requires the installation of portal bridges. These devices were known for a long time, but they are gaining popularity just recently, when applicants for testing portal bridges appeared. One of these contenders is the UAZ Patriot SUV, therefore, today we will pay attention to the purpose of products, features and some models.
Portal bridges got their origins during the war, when the designers were tasked with increasing the cross-country ability of cars. The task was not easy, but doable. Portal axles were invented, which are the placement of the bridge axle higher than the wheel axle. This phenomenon was achieved by installing a special gearbox with gears in the bridge. Portal - they came to be called because of the spatial supporting structure.
This design is used among fans of overcoming offroad tracks, which are becoming more and more popular every year. And now not only outdated UAZ Loaf or Niva, but also modern UAZ Patriot, Chevrolet Niva, etc. are participating in the races. Thanks to this design, the clearance on the UAZ Patriot SUV increases, which is the main function of such units. Due to the use of several gearboxes in the design, the load on the transmission system is reduced, without causing its rapid wear.
Internals of the gearbox
If you are reading this material, then it means that an idea has appeared in your head to tune your UAZ Patriot SUV by installing a portal unit. What are the pros and cons when replacing standard bridges with portal ones?
- First of all, the presence of a gearbox with gears will lead to a decrease in the vehicle speed, up to about 20%.
- Now the SUV will accelerate three times longer, thanks to the same gearbox design.
- Reduced vehicle handling.
But along with the minuses, we get inversely proportional pluses:
- Improved geometric performance, which means better balance when driving on plains, bumps, etc.
- Increased traction performance.
But if we take into account that the main task of the designers was to ensure high cross-country ability of the car, without focusing on speed, then we can say that they coped with the task. Therefore, if you are going to the mountains in an UAZ Patriot SUV, then it is impossible to do without such devices.
In fact, portal bridges are installed only by those motorists who are not afraid to risk their lives or their cars.
Product features
The installation of gantry units provides not only an improvement in cross-country ability, but also an increase in ground clearance, which is very important for overcoming various aggressive obstacles. Due to the raising of the axles above the ground, it becomes possible to install wheels of a larger diameter, which is also important for overcoming obstacles on the off-road.
Due to the presence of a gearbox in the axle, the transmission is relieved. Participation in competitions to overcome obstacles will allow you to achieve victorious results. After all, competitors with conventional axles have no chance of overcoming aggressive off-road conditions. In everyday life, the presence of such a device is not very popular, unless you live in a steppe or forest-steppe zone, where you have to drive your UAZ Patriot SUV through forests and hills every day. Thus, we can say that portal bridges are necessary when you are tired of suffering from daily slipping in fords.
Consider some options for portal units for the UAZ Patriot SUV.
Military bridges
During the war, the UAZ Bukhanka SUV was a popular vehicle, which actually received its first military version. Today, more and more often, the owners of the UAZ Patriot SUV are resorting to installing such products at their own expense. Military bridges are characterized by relatively low cost, simplicity of construction and, most importantly, strength. Indeed, in wartime, the main thing was that the product did not fall apart on the go. Therefore, military products are popular to this day, as they are quite reliable and practical.
But here a new snag appears, because it is almost impossible to get military bridges these days. New military units have not been produced by factories for a long time, so you can find them among the ads. Of course, purchasing a device that has already been in use is extremely risky, because there is no guarantee that military products will last a long time. Unless you take into account the fact that they were made wonderfully well.
If military bridges become unusable, then it is not possible to repair them now. Therefore, if they fail, you will simply need to install a more modern version. Therefore, it is up to you to decide whether you should strive to install military structures on the UAZ Patriot, but only in the end you will still have to dwell on modern, as they are called, collective farm options.
Bridges from the UAZ Bars SUV
Portal bridges from the Bars SUV to the UAZ Patriot are military counterparts, but only with an extended track. The track of the Bars design has been expanded by 155 mm from military counterparts, and is also calculated for spring types of suspensions.
Appearance of a car with Bars products
If it becomes necessary to install portal units, it is recommended to opt not for the military, but for the Bars structures, which show themselves perfectly when passing on aggressive off-road. To install "Bars" instead of the standard one, it will be necessary to replace the cardan, and the mount of the shock absorbers will also change. With the Bars bridge, you can install wheels up to size 37, while the standard product has 29.5 inch tires.
Of course, the operation of the popular Russian off-road vehicle UAZ Patriot on Bars longitudinal bridges on city roads is not intended, as we have already said that the speed characteristics of a car are significantly reduced. But the movement outside the city, on landfills, in the steppe or mountains - all this is within the power of an off-road vehicle with longitudinal bridges Bars.
Of course, military bridges and Bars are not the only models for an SUV, foreign analogues are also known, such as:
- Pinzgauer, made in Germany;
- Unimog, popular with Nivas;
- Tibus, the most popular products for all kinds of off-road vehicles.
TIBUS final drive
The advantage of the latter option is that by installing such a unit, the speed of the car is practically not reduced. In addition, the performance of the ABS system is preserved, if available on Patrick. Therefore, with the availability of funds, it is possible to establish a foreign analogue, but is it really worth it? Bars Bars, in contrast to the military, can be found in UAZ service centers. Installation of products is carried out independently if there is a pit in the garage and a set of tools.
Summing up, it should be noted that Bars portal bridges are the most popular units that show excellent results in competitions.
You can check your MSC and reduce it if needed!
The so-called collective farm, as well as "military" bridges are traditionally installed on UAZ vehicles. What is the specificity of both?
What are "collective farm" bridges on UAZ vehicles?
The bridges in question are also referred to as "civil". These designs provide the transmission of torque through the differential and axle shaft directly to the wheel hubs. "Collective farm" bridges are characterized by:
- small mass;
- simplicity of design, low cost of repair and maintenance;
- the ability to install differentials with a self-locking function;
- low noise level;
- functionality assuming moderate dynamics of fuel consumption by the car.
According to motorists, UAZ with "collective farm" bridges provides a sufficiently high stability of the car on the road, and also copes well with braking. These bridges allow to achieve good cross-country ability of the machine. A decent maximum speed of the car is maintained - about 100 km / h.
The alternative to "collective farm" bridges is most often the "military". Let's consider their specifics.
What are "military" bridges on UAZ vehicles?
These mechanisms provide the transmission of torque using a special gearbox. Therefore, "military" bridges are often also referred to as gear bridges.
Their main advantages:
- functionality, which implies an increase in the vehicle's ground clearance by about 8 cm in comparison with the "collective farm" bridges;
- higher torque when driving a car at low speeds off-road;
- even distribution of the load between the gearbox and the main pair, as a result of which the reliability of the bridge is increased.
However, the main advantage of the "military" bridge is its ability to guarantee extremely high cross-country ability of the vehicle. At the same time, this advantage is provided not only due to the clearance, but also due to a more efficient distribution of torque to the wheels.
A car with a "military" bridge goes better uphill. So, UAZ, on which the corresponding mechanism is installed, in principle, can overcome the rise with a slope of about 50% without any special problems. In turn, in a car with a "collective farm" bridge, it is better not to try to storm such obstacles.
The installation of a "military" bridge on the UAZ predetermines a slight increase in gasoline consumption by car - by about 1-1.5 liters per 100 km. In addition, there may be additional costs for servicing the machine. The maximum speed of the "iron horse" with the "military" bridge is slightly reduced - to 90 km / h.
UAZ with a "military" bridge also slightly reduces vehicle stability on the road and when braking. This is due to the increased run-in shoulder due to the presence of wheel reduction gears in the design of the mechanism under consideration.
Comparison
The main difference between "collective farm" bridges from "military" ones on UAZ vehicles is that the former do not have a gearbox in their design. On the second, the corresponding mechanism is installed. Hence the difference between the key characteristics of the vehicles on which the "collective farm" and "military" bridges are installed in the aspect:
- speed;
- stability on the road;
- patency;
- ability to climb uphill;
- clearance values;
- gasoline consumption.
Having determined what is the difference between "collective farm" and "military" bridges on UAZ vehicles, we will fix the conclusions in a small table.
table
| "Collective farm" bridges | "Military" bridges |
| Do not have a gearbox | Have a reducer |
| Provide vehicle speed of about 100 km / h | Provide vehicle speed of about 90 km / h |
| Ensure higher vehicle stability on the road | Give less stability to the car |
| Provide good cross-country ability of the vehicle | Provide very high flotation |
| Do not always provide effective lifting of the car uphill | Easily provide lifting of the machine uphill with a slope of about 50% |
| Do not significantly increase ground clearance | Increase ground clearance by about 8 cm in comparison with "collective farm" bridges |
| Assumes a moderate dynamics of gasoline consumption by a car | It is assumed that gasoline consumption will increase by about 1-1.5 liters per 100 km. |
Many variants of bridges were installed on UAZ vehicles of different models and at different times at the plant. Let's try to figure it out ...
UAZ Timken bridge (civil or collective farm)
This is a split type bridge, that is, a bridge consisting of two halves. This type can also be attributed (it is gear or portal). From the factory, civil bridges are installed on UAZ trucks of the cargo range (loaf, onboard,), as well as on passenger cars UAZ-3151 (469).
Gear ratios of military bridges UAZ
The gear ratio of military bridges is 5.38 (= 2.77 * 1.94 - the gear ratios of the main and final drives, respectively) - more high-torque, but less high-speed than that of conventional bridges.
Military bridge characteristics
- Ground clearance: 300 mm (with tires I-192 215/90 R15 (31 x 8.5 R15)
- Track: 1445 mm
- Track of UAZ Bars gear axles: 1600 mm
- Front military axle weight UAZ: 140 kg
- Rear military axle weight UAZ: 122 kg
Diagram of a gear (military) bridge UAZ
Rear axle UAZ with final drive:
1 - cover of the main gear housing; 2 - differential bearing; 3,13,49 - shims; 4 - a sealing gasket; 5,7 - drive gear bearings; 6.15 - adjusting rings; 8.42 - cuffs; 9 - flange;
10 - nut; 11 - dirt reflector; 12 - ring; 14 - spacer sleeve;
16 - leading gear wheel of the main transfer; 17 - satellite; 18 - right semiaxis; 19 - side gear housing; 20.29 - oil deflectors; 21 - semi-axle bearing; 22,26,40 - retaining rings; 23 - sealing gasket of the side gear housing; 24 - side gear housing cover; 25 - bearing; 27 - brake shield; 28 - brake drum; 30 - wheel bolt; 31 - pin; 32 - hub bearing; 33.41 - gaskets; 34 - lock washer; 35 - leading flange; 36 - nut of hub bearings; 37 - lock washer; 38 - bushing; 39 - driven shaft onboard transmission; 43 - driven shaft bearing; 44 - driven gear wheel of the side gear; 45 - special nut; 46.50 - drain plugs;
47 - leading gear wheel of the side gear; 48 - right cup of the satellite box; 51 - main gear housing; 52 - washer of the semi-axle gear;
53 - semi-axle gear; 54 - axis of satellites; 55 - driven gear wheel of the main transfer; 56 - left cup of the satellite box; 57 - left semi-axis
Steering knuckle of the front axle UAZ with final drive:
a - signal groove;
I - right steering knuckle; II - left steering knuckle; III - wheel cut-off clutch (for variant, see Fig. 180, IV); 1 - oil seal; 2 - ball bearing; 3 - steering knuckle joint; 4 - gasket; 5 - grease nipple; 6 - kingpin; 7 - pad; 8 - steering knuckle body; 9 - king pin bushing; 10 - bearing; 11 - the driven shaft of the side gear; 12 - hub; 13 - leading flange; 14 - clutch; 15 - retainer ball; 16 - protective cap; 17 - coupling bolt; 18 - pin; 19 - lock nut;
20.23 - support washers; 21 - leading gear wheel of the side gear; 22 - locking pin; 24 - rubber sealing ring; 25 - thrust washer; 26 - axle shaft casing; 27 - bolt of rotation limitation; 28 - stop-limiter for wheel rotation; 29 - steering knuckle lever
The device of the military bridge (photo)
Video replacement and adjustment of the main pair on the UAZ military bridge
Bridges Spicer UAZ Patriot and Hunter
Spicer is not a split, one-piece bridge.
In the early 90s, for the new UAZ-3160 vehicle at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, Spicer-type drive axles with a one-piece crankcase were developed.
The absence of a connector in the transverse plane of the axle gives the structure high rigidity, the unloaded connection of the cover and the crankcase reduces the likelihood of leakage along the joint, and the placement of the main gear and differential in a single crankcase ensures high accuracy of engagement and more favorable conditions for the operation of bearings.
- Spicer bridges width for UAZ Patriot - 1600 mm
- Width of Spicer bridges for UAZ Hunter - 1445 mm
Spicer bridge differential
The topic of which bridges are better on the UAZ has probably been frayed more than once. Someone for civilians, some for military bridges on the UAZ. Let's try to figure out a little what's what. Of course, UAZbuka will help us. There is enough information there. You can put together a small collage 🙂
UAZ civil bridges
Construction of UAZ bridges.
On UAZ vehicles, two types of drive axles are used: drive axles with a single-stage main gear are installed on UAZ-31512 utility vehicles and UAZ-3741, UAZ-3303, UAZ-3962 n UAZ-2206 wagon cars; U-shaped drive axles with final drive - are installed on UAZ-3151 utility vehicles.
Installation of U-shaped driving axles (complete front and rear) on UAZ-31512 vehicles is possible with simultaneous installation of the drive shafts of the UAZ-3151 vehicle. The installation of U-shaped axles with final drive on a family of cars of a carriage layout requires significant refinement of the design of bridges, bipod, bipod thrust, car suspension, production of cardan shafts shortened by 10 mm, and cannot be performed outside the factory (without his recommendations).
Driving axles with single-stage main transmission. The middle part of the front and rear axles has the same structure (Fig. 1). 
Rice. 1 Rear axle UAZ scheme
1 - safety valve; 2 - differential bearing; 3 - shims; 4 - rear bearing of the driving gear (single row roller); 5 - an adjusting ring; 6 - oil distillation ring; 7 - nut; 8 - a package of shims; 9 - driving gear; 10 - front bearing of the drive gear (double-row tapered roller); 11 - thrust washer; 12 - driven gear;
The crankcase is cast in the vertical plane. The axle shafts are pressed into both halves of the crankcase and additionally secured with electric rivets. The main gear drive gear is mounted on two bearings, a double tapered roller bearing 10, located in the throat of the crankcase, and a cylindrical roller 4, located in the crankcase tide. An adjusting ring 5 of the drive gear position is installed between the end face of the outer ring of the double tapered bearing and the crankcase. The double tapered bearing is adjusted by a pack of 8 shims. The driven gear is attached to the satellite box flange with special bolts. Conical differential with four satellites. The satellite box is split, consists of two halves, bolted together. The gears of the differential axle shafts have replaceable thrust washers 11. The differential is mounted on two tapered roller bearings 2, shims are installed between the ends of the planetary gear box and the inner rings of the differential bearings. An oil separating ring 6 is installed between the drive gear flange and the double tapered bearing.
Safety valves 1 are located on the left half-axle housings to prevent pressure build-up in the axle crankcases.
To the outer ends of the rear axle half-axle casings, butt-welded trunnions with flanges for mounting brake shields (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2 Rear wheel hub.
1 - brake drum;
2 - wheel disk;
3 - cuff;
4 - lock washer;
5 - counter nut;
6 - semi-axis
7 - pin;
8 - gasket;
9 - bearing;
10 - hub;
Wheel hubs front and rear axles are the same (see Fig. 2). On UAZ-31512 and UAZ-3151 vehicles, wheel hubs are not interchangeable. Bearings and their fastening parts are interchangeable. On cars of a wagon layout, the hubs of the UAZ-31512 car are installed. Each hub is mounted on two identical tapered bearings 9. The outer rings of the bearings are pressed into the hubs and are held against axial movements by thrust washers. The inner rings of the bearings are loosely mounted on the journal. The bearings are tightened with two nuts and locked with a lock washer 4 installed between the nuts. Between the inner ring of the outer bearing and the nut, a thrust washer is installed with a protrusion that fits into the groove on the trunnion.
To prevent grease from flowing out of the hub and the ingress of dust, dirt and water into it, reinforced rubber cuffs 3 with assembled springs are installed on the side of the inner end. A thrust washer is installed between the collar and the inner bearing to prevent damage to the working edge of the collar when removing the hub.
The outer ends of the front axle half-axle covers end with flanges, to which the ball joints 3 are bolted (Fig. 3). 
Rice. 3 Swivel pin of the front axle of the UAZ 31512 vehicle
1 - pivot pivot lever; 2 - axle shaft casing; 3 - rubber cuff in a metal casing; 4 - gaskets; 5 - ball bearing; 6 - body of the pivot pin; 7 - & nbsp; support washer; 8 - king pin pad; 9 - king pin; 10 - press oiler; 11 - locking pin; 12 - pin; 13 - wheel hub; 14 - leading flange; 15 - wheel shut-off clutch; 16 - coupling bolt; 17 - retainer ball; 18 - protective cap; 19 - king pin bushing; 20 - gaskets; 21 - the inner ring of the stuffing box; 22 - partition ring; 23 - outer ring; 24 - rubber cuff; 25 - outer sealing felt ring; 26 - thrust washers; 27 - adjusting bolt for limiting the rotation of the wheel; 28 - stop-limiter for turning the wheel; I - right steering knuckle; II - left steering knuckle; III - the hubs of the front cotes are disabled; a - signal groove;
On ball bearings on pivots 9, bodies 6 of pivot pins are installed, to the ends of which pins 12 and brake shields are bolted. Inside the ball bearings there are hinges of equal angular velocities, at the outer ends of which devices are installed that allow you to connect or disconnect, if necessary, the shafts with the hubs of the front wheels.
"Military" bridges UAZ
Drive axles with final drives. The middle part of the driving axles with final drives differs from the above-described bridges in the smaller size of the differential and the cantilever installation of the driving gear of the main drive on two tapered roller bearings 5 and 7 (Fig. 4). 
Rice. 4 Rear axle of the car UAZ-3151
1 - crankcase cover 2 - differential bearing 3, 13 and 49 - adjusting shims 4 and 23 - gaskets; 5 and 7 bearings of the drive gear, 6 - an adjusting ring, 8 and 42 - cuffs, 9 - flange. 10 - nut, 11 - dirt deflector. 12 - support washer, 14 - spacer sleeve, 15 - adjusting ring for the position of the drive gear, 16 - drive gear, 17 - satellite, 18 and 57 - half-shafts; 19 - final drive housing; 20 and 29 - oil deflectors, 21 - ball bearing, 22 and 26 - retaining rings, 24 - final drive housing cover, 25 - roller bearing, 27 - brake shield, 28 - brake drum, 30 - wheel bolt, 31 - trunnion , 32 - hub bearing, 33 - gasket, 34 - lock washer, 35 - drive flange, 36 - nut and locknut of the hub bearings, 37 - bearing thrust washer, 38 - bushing; 39 - the driven shaft of the final drive, 40 - thrust rings of bearings, 41 - gaskets; 43 - driven shaft bearing, 44 - driven final drive gear, 45 - driven shaft bearing mounting nut, 46 and 50 - drain plugs, 47 - final drive gear, 48 and 56 - satellite boxes, 51 - crankcase, 52 - washer half-axle gears, 53 - half-axle gear, 54 - satellites axle, 55 - driven gear of the main drive
An adjusting ring 15 of the drive gear is installed between the end face of the drive gear and the inner ring of the large bearing, and a spacer sleeve 14, an adjusting ring 6 and adjusting shims 13 are installed between the inner rings of the bearings. The bearings of the drive gear are tightened with a flange mounting nut 10.
Final drives of the rear driving axle They are located in crankcases, which are pressed with necks onto the outer ends of the axle shaft casings and secured with electric rivets. The pinion gear 47 is installed at the spline end of the half-shaft 48 between the ball bearings 21 and 25 roller bearings. The ball bearing is secured with a retaining ring 22 in the final drive housing. An oil deflector 20 is located between the crankcase and the ball bearing. The roller bearing is installed in a removable housing, which is attached to the crankcase drain with two bolts. The inner ring of the roller bearing is fixed to the axle shaft by a retaining ring 26.
The driven gear 44 of the final drive is centered on the shoulder of the driven shaft 39 and is bolted to its flange. The driven shaft rests on the bushing 38 and the roller bearing 43, which is fixed to the shaft by a nut 45, which is punched out after being tightened into the shaft groove. The driven shafts of the right-hand side drives and the bearing retaining nuts have a left-hand thread. To distinguish the nuts with a left-hand thread, they have an annular groove, and the driven shafts have a blind hole dia. 3 mm at the end of the shaft. With the wheel hubs, the driven shafts of the rear final drives are connected by splined flanges 35.
The side gears of the front drive axle of the UAZ are located in the pivots (Fig. 5 bridge diagram) 
Rice. 5 Swivel pin of the front axle of the UAZ-3151 vehicle
1 - rubber cuff in a metal casing, 2 - ball bearing, 3 - constant speed hinge, 4 - gaskets, 5 - grease nipple, 6 - king pin, 7 - king pin pad, 8 - pivot pin housing, 9 - king pin bushing, 10 - ball bearing, 11 - final drive shaft, 12 - hub, 13 - air flange, 14 - clutch, 15 - retainer ball spring, 16 - protective cap, 17 - clutch bolt, 18 - trunnion, 19 - lock nut, 20 - support washer, 21 - drive gear, 22 - locking pin, 23 - thrust washer, 24 - collar, 25 - support washer, 26 - axle shaft casing, 27 - rotation limit bolt, 28 - wheel rotation limit stop, 29 - the lever of the pivot pin, I ... III, and - the same as in fig. 112
The final drive housings are cast in one piece with the trunnion housings. The drive gear is installed on the splines of the driven knuckle of the hinge between the ball and roller bearings and is secured together with the roller bearing with a nut 19, which, after tightening, is expanded into the groove of the shaft. The ball bearing is installed in the journal housing in a cage with an outer shoulder that takes axial loads of the hinge through the bearing. At the outer ends of the driven shafts of the front final drives, devices are installed that allow you to connect or disconnect, if necessary, the shafts with the hubs of the front wheels.
What bridges are installed on different models of UAZ vehicles?
On all cars of the wagon layout ("", "and", "farmers"), on "long goats" (3153 *), as well as on most "classic goats", the so-called "civil" (they are also "ordinary", " collective farm ") bridges. On some of the "goats" (models with indexes -03x) "military" (they are also "gear", "two-stage", "U-shaped") bridges are installed. The "new goats" (316 *) are fitted with spicer bridges with a one-piece crankcase. On machines "" (3159 *) and 316 * with increased gauge, "long military" bridges are installed, that is, gear bridges with elongated stockings.
Differences between military and civilian bridges.
The military bridge differs from the usual one in the presence of final drives. Due to the presence of gearboxes, the axle is raised relative to the axle of the wheels by 4 cm, which increases the machine's clearance (the distance from the ground to the lowest point of the axle). The main pair is smaller in size (the crankcase of the military bridge "hangs down" 4 cm less than the civil one). The main pair has fewer teeth and they are larger - this increases the reliability of military bridges compared to civilian ones. The gear ratio of military bridges is 5.38 (= 2.77 * 1.94 - the gear ratios of the main and final drives, respectively) - more "high-torque", but less "high-speed" than conventional bridges.
The rear propeller shaft for military axles is 1 cm shorter than for civil ones!
Advantages of military bridges over civilian ones:
- clearance of 30 cm (against 22 cm for civilian bridges); according to the latest measurements, a difference of 8 cm is observed only when the I-192 rubber is used on military bridges. With the same wheels, the difference is only 6 cm. (The gain on gearboxes is 40 mm. The gain on the dimensions of the diff crankcase is 20 mm. Total: 60 mm.)
- more "high-torque" (torque) - for the transportation of heavy loads, towing, driving at low speeds in mud;
- more reliable due to the larger size of the teeth of the main pair;
- more reliable due to the even distribution of the load between the main and final drives;
- were developed, including for "escorting a tank column" and approved by the USSR Ministry of Defense.
In the military, there is a limited slip differential. Those. if you are stuck in the mud with one wheel of the bridge or on the ice you are standing with one half and one half is slipping and the other is not (this is how a normal differential works). To prevent this from happening, military bridges were invented. So off-road military bridges are much better.
Gear ratio GP (total: GP 2.77 + final drives 1.94): 5.38
Ground clearance: 300 mm (with tires I-192 215/90 R15 (31 x 8.5 R15)
Track: 1453 mm
Left on Photo UAZ for civil bridges and on the right - UAZ on gear axles — « warriors«.
Advantages of civilian bridges over military ones:
- less weight (more comfortable ride and (physically) easier to repair);
- fewer parts - easier and cheaper repair;
- installation of commercially available self-locking differentials is possible;
- installation of a spring suspension is possible (see also remark);
- at the same speed, the engine is less "spun" due to the lower gear ratio;
- less noisy (since the onboard transmissions of military bridges are spur-toothed, and they are more noisy);
- more affordable and cheaper spare parts. parts;
- petrol consumption, other things being equal, is less;
- fewer lubrication points - easier maintenance and less oil.
