The procedure for changing the oil in the VAZ 2110 gearbox does not last very long. It can be successfully carried out without professional skills. But not everyone can answer the questions of what substance to pour into the box and how much is needed. Effective replacement of transmission material is directly related to the correct answers to the questions posed.
What is the function of transmission oils in a gearbox
The box of a VAZ 2110 car is formed by a systemic set of parts and individual mechanisms that experience constant friction.
To reduce wear of parts, extend their performance and serves transmission oil.
In addition, the lubricant:
- maintains the optimum temperature during the gearbox operation;
- prevents the formation of corrosion or rust;
- protects against shock loads, excessive vibration, the formation of various noises;
- washes working mechanical areas, removing small particles from working areas.
The transmission substance of the VAZ 2110 gearbox must maintain a given degree of viscosity. Its high level must be maintained when working temperature conditions 80-120 °. In individual nodes for the interaction of gear drives, the temperature rises to 200 °. But on the other hand, when the VAZ 2110 is operated in subzero temperatures, the excessive viscosity of the transmission fluid can create difficulties for the normal functioning of the box.
Failures in the operation of the checkpoint or the loss of full functionality by it occurs as a result of the fact that:
To prevent the first two cases, it is enough to regularly monitor the oil level in the box. But in order to reduce the risk of using a low-quality lubricant, it is necessary to figure out which substance is better to fill in the VAZ 2110 gearbox.
Types of transmission fluids
Suitable for the VAZ 2110 gearbox different kinds lubricants:
- synthetic;
- semi-synthetic;
- mineral.
Synthetic oils are characterized by greater inertia. They do not chemically react with metal surfaces. Synthetics have good knitting stability at various temperature conditions.
The technology for the production of semi-synthetic oil provides for the presence of mineral oil in its base. However, improvement performance characteristics and physical indicators is due to the addition of innovative additives. A variety of chemical additives help to smooth out some of the deficiencies in the mineral base.
Mineralka attracts motorists with a low price threshold. But such oil does not tolerate strong and prolonged loads.
The most common replacement is a semi-synthetic transmission substance. Many owners consider this option to be a perfectly acceptable "golden mean" in terms of cost-benefit ratio.
Every kind lubricant has its advantages and disadvantages. It is important to remember that no matter what substance is poured, you should not mix synthetics with mineral water. In such a handicraft way, it will not be possible to obtain semisynthetics. Although such recommendations often appear from practicing drivers.
How to choose the best option for gearbox lubrication
For gearboxes of all modifications of the VAZ 2110, the manufacturer recommends oils of 2 groups:
The GL-4 index indicates that the oil is suitable for domestic front-wheel drive vehicles. The GL-4/5 index corresponds to a universal substance. Such a liquid is better suited for operating conditions with intense and heavy loads. It is these 2 options (GL-4 and GL-4/5) that are optimal for the checkpoint "tens".
By SAE classification the main quality of the liquid is taken into account - viscosity. Digital indicators determine the parameters of maintaining the internal friction of a substance, depending on the atmospheric conditions of using the car. It is worth paying attention to these indicators when the replacement of the transmission substance is approaching. In order not to have to wait for a long time in severe frosts with a recessed clutch pedal and a running engine, it is recommended to use SAE75W-90 fluid all year round. It remains only to make sure that the products are necessarily certified. This will guarantee the use of a high quality product.
Replacing transmission material
With continuous operation of the vehicle, the level of the transmission substance must be checked every 10,000 km.
According to technical regulations, the replacement of spent matter at the checkpoint "dozens" should be carried out every 75,000 km. But most car enthusiasts believe that taking into account the unfavorable realities, the transmission will need to be replaced every 55,000 - 65,000 km.
You can change the fluid yourself. In order for the oil change to be successful, you need to prepare:
The replacement takes place in this order:
The presence of certain skills and abilities will ensure the passage of the procedure for replacing the transmission in 40-60 minutes. The money saved on the service can be spent on better quality and more expensive gear oil. The owner of the "ten" will be sure that he got into the box.
Lada granta- the cheapest car of the AvtoVAZ company, and at the same time the most accessible to service. As with more expensive cars, Granta requires timely service, including replacement of original components in accordance with the regulations. If all the recommendations are followed, the car will last as long as possible for a car of this class. In this article, we will consider what kind of oil to fill in the Lada Granta gearbox. Rational choice suitable oil, approved by the plant - a guarantee of reliable operation of the checkpoint and all transmission units.
Factory oil
According to official data, Lada Granta leaves the assembly line with oil. Often this is a Russian product Lukoil TM 4 with a certain viscosity class, which depends on the Russian region with a particular climate. There are such viscosity grades - 75W-80, 80W-90, as well as 75W-85, 75W-90 and 80W-85.
List of transmission oils and parameters to them, approved by the factory for Lada Granta:
- Lukoil TM 4. Viscosity grade - 75W-80, 75W-85, 75W-90, 80W-85, 80W-90; API Group - GL-4
- Novoil Trans KP. SAE viscosity grade - 80W-85; API Group - GL4
- Rosneft Kinetic. SAE - 80W-85; API - GL4
- Tatneft Translux TM14-12. SAE - 75W-85; API - GL4
- THK Trans KP. SAE 75W-90; API-GL4
- Shell SPIRAX S5 ATE. SAE 75W-90; GL-4/5
Viscosity grades and temperature ranges to them:
- 75W-80 (From - (minus) 40 to +35 degrees)
- 75W-85 (- 40 +35 degrees)
- 75W-90 (-40 +45 degrees)
- 80W-85 (-26 +35 degrees)
AvtoVAZ recommends using clean original oil, without any oil additives. Modern high-performance gear oil is what is needed for the reliable and efficient operation of the Lada Granta gearbox.
How much oil to fill in Lada Granta
According to generally accepted rules, from 3 to 3.5 liters of oil must be poured into the Lada Granta gearbox. It is necessary to fill in gradually, periodically checking the level with a dipstick.
Replacement period
It is noteworthy that the oil in the Lada Granta gearbox is designed for almost the entire service life of the car. At least, it must be changed every 75 thousand kilometers, or after five years of operation. Cases of unexpected replacement are not uncommon - for example, when urgent repair of manual transmission or automatic transmission is required, including replacement of oil seals and gaskets.
How not to run into counterfeit
There are many fake oils on the market. The competition is fierce, and every manufacturer uses marketing gimmicks to get what they want. Therefore, beginners and experienced owners should contact only trusted and branded stores, and choose oil only from well-known brands - for example, Lukoil or Mobil 1.
Video
The Lada Granta car is available in several trim levels. For example, you can choose a more suitable gearshift option: automatic or manual transmission. If you are used to driving a car with a mechanic, then be prepared for the need to change the oil in the box every 60 thousand kilometers. Let's consider in more detail this procedure and the features of the Lada Grant box.
Features of the gearbox device
So, if you do not want to engage in the planned replacement of transmission oil, then you should purchase a complete set of Grants "Lux" and get Jatco automatic transmission manufactured in Japan. It has its own resource - only 5 years, but for this period the manufacturer guarantees that it will be necessary to work with the box only in the event of a breakdown. The automatic transmission is already filled special liquid, and its replacement is not required during the entire period of use. There is no need to add oil either.
The cable manual transmission needs more attention in terms of maintenance, but it can last much longer. As such, it does not have a service life - you can update its parts and change the lubricant as needed, thereby increasing the duration of its uninterrupted operation.
This transmission is based on the model first installed on the VAZ-2108. It was slightly changed and modernized. Weak spots in the previous version:
- large lever travel;
- fuzzy switching scheme;
- high vibration;
- difficult gear shifting.
The manufacturer has tried to remedy this situation. And on the Lada Granta car, the cable drive made it possible to make the gear shifting clearer. In addition, the shift mechanism has changed in the new gearbox, which is no longer bathed in transmission oil, but is installed last as a separate module. It is easier to repair and assemble during production. It also embodies German technology, and a three-dimensional plate appeared in the gearbox, which sets the forces when changing gears.
The cable drive replaced the old rods, which are no longer used by any manufacturer when assembling boxes. The rationality of its use, like all innovations, was calculated using a computer program.
Changing transmission oil
If you do not use the services of car mechanics, but prefer to fill in new oil yourself, then this should be done only in the warm season. According to the documents, it is necessary to update the transmission fluid every 60 thousand kilometers, but you can do it a little more often. If you want to withstand the period and time for updating the transmission fluid on the manual transmission of Lada Granta falls on the winter, then choose a warmer day, and drive about 5 kilometers before installing the car in the pit. This is necessary to dilute the oil and raise the temperature in the box. Remember that the oil heats up during operation, so before renovation works let the machine cool down slightly.
Replacement is carried out according to the following instructions:
- Place your Lada Granta on a flyover or over a viewing pit. This will provide easier access to the transmission. Prepare a used oil canister, new transmission fluid and tool kit.
- Changing the fluid in the manual transmission begins with removing the old grease. To do this, start unscrewing the plugs located at the bottom of the box. Do not turn them out right away, since in this case the liquid will not pour into the prepared canister, but into the pit. Use a wrench half-turn to remove the bolts by hand.
- Substitute the canister and manually remove the bottom plug first and then the top one. Thanks to this, air will circulate inside the mechanism, and the oil will drain faster.
- The liquid will drain completely only after an hour. Take your time to get the job done better.
- Screw on the bottom plug. Replacement does not require flushing, so we will omit this item.
- Using a special syringe (sold in all car dealerships and costs about 100 rubles), fill the box with oil through the top plug. You can do this with an ordinary syringe.
- The box, according to the documentation, contains about 2.2 liters of oil. Observe the condition that its level should reach the edge of the thread of the upper plug.
- Remove drips from the manual transmission with a piece of rag. Screw on the top plug.
Replacing the manual transmission lubricant on the Lada Granta is not a difficult procedure. Even a beginner can make it with his own hands. You will only have to spend money on new oil and a special syringe (it is more convenient for them to work).
What kind of transmission fluid to buy
In stores, you can be offered different options for transmission fluid, but not every one is suitable for the updated manual transmission Lada Granta. At the plant, TatneftTranslux with a viscosity of 75-85 is poured into it. We recommend that you choose oils with a viscosity of 75 to 90, since this is the most the best option for our climate.
It is important for you to find an original oil of one of the brands in the store:
- Trans KP from TNK (you can buy a similar one, but marked Super);
- Konenic;
- Shell Transaxle Oil;
- Rosneft;
- Lukoil TN4;
- Novoil Trans KP;
- Trans KP2 from TNK.
Experts recommend first of all to pay attention to transmission fluids from TNK, for example, Trans KP Super is ideal for those recommended for our area. It has already been tested by many motorists and is marked as one of the best for the cable box.
Since 2013, almost all front-wheel drive VAZ vehicles have been equipped with a cable box. In Grant sedans, it replaced the less reliable unit, designated as "2190". In addition to the fact that the drive became a cable, there were other changes. New box called "VAZ-2181", and the volume of its crankcase was reduced from 3.3 to 2.3 liters. Here it is considered how to change the oil in the Lada Granta gearbox with a cable drive.
A rare case: the box "2181" began to howl at a run of 800 km. The confirmation is on the video, and the problem was solved by changing the oil.
Regulations for changing the oil in the gearbox from AvtoVAZ
It is necessary to change the oil in the checkpoint-2181 in one case - if the mileage has exceeded 200,000 km. In theory, the entire service life of the car is indicated here, and the numbers are taken from the regulations.
It seems that everything is there for filling oil
Also, the regulations do not say how often to check the oil level. Such checks are unnecessary and therefore there is no diagnostic dipstick in the crankcase design. Three details will be important to us:
- Drain plug (key "17");
- Filling plug and hole for level control;
- Switch reverse.
Be aware that the "Standard" configuration always includes the "2190" box. The rule is fulfilled for new cars produced after 2013.
What kind of oil is filled in the checkpoint from the factory?
From the factory, the oil in the Lada Granta checkpoint can be as follows:
- TATNEFT TRANSLUX 75W85;
- ROSNEFT KINETIC SERVICE 75W85.
Each of the materials is classified as GL-4. Recall that we were talking about the box "2181", the crankcase volume of which is 2.3 liters.
The filling volume can be 2.1 or 2.2 liters.
Preparing for replacement
First, the box needs to be warmed up. Then the car is placed on a pit, it is stopped and one plug is tried to unscrew. We are talking about a control plug (key "17").
View from under the crankcase protection
If nothing works out with the plug, you will have to change the oil without control. This is no longer good. Try unscrewing the switch located on the top of the crankcase.
The volume of oil in the Lada Granta gearbox is known to everyone - it is 2.3 liters. But the replacement is still better done with control. Filling is carried out either through the control hole or through the hole of the switch. Access to the latter closes the filter.
Filter housing operation
First, disconnect the "minus" terminal (key "10"). Then, using a regular Phillips screwdriver, you can unscrew the fastening screws.
The first two steps for dismantling
Thin hose clamp that secures the hose expansion tank, are also filming (see photo).
Disconnect a couple of connectors: mass air flow sensor and adsorber valve connector. The first one is oval (photo below). And the second is turned off like this: they tighten the tongue, remove the terminal block.
Down with all terminal blocks!
The filter housing can be tilted to the side for the final step. It is not necessary to disconnect it from the corrugation.
Rubber mounts can be defeated like this: the gum is held with pliers, and the body is pulled back (left, forward). Start at the right front foot.
Reconnaissance in force
We're trying to remove the reverse switch. We are looking for a plastic connector on the crankcase (see photo) and immediately turn it off.
View of the gearbox housing from under the hood
With a round key "22" try to unscrew the switch body. Cancel the replacement if nothing can be done - neither unscrew the "top" plug, nor remove the switch.
When the switch is replaced, the threads are sealed with a sealant. The tightening torque should be 28-45 N * m.
Detailed algorithm for changing the oil in the CABLE gearbox
The oil from the Lada Grant gearbox is drained through the "lower" plug. It is unscrewed with a key "17".
The simplest thing is to drain the oil.
You need to unscrew the cork like this: make 1-2 turns with the key, then substitute the container. And then we unscrew the cork by hand.
When the liquid flows out, we wipe the surface of the crankcase. We twist the plug back (torque - 29-46 N * m). Getting ready to refuel.
Hose and funnel ready to go
Let's say the refueling goes through the opening of the switch. We put a hose in the hole, install a funnel. And we begin to fill in new oil.
The volume of oil in the Lada Granta gearbox is 2.2 liters (maximum). So say those who unscrewed the control plug.
Access to the control plug is closed by the crankcase guard. If the plug was not removed during preparation, measure out exactly 2.2 liters. And if the control is "according to the regulations", let the body be tilted to the right: put a suitable load in the cabin or trunk. Tilt angle - 2-3 degrees (no longer needed).
In the final step, the crankcase is cleaned of oil residues. All threaded elements are tightened with the recommended torques: plug - 29-46 N * m, switch - 28-45 N * m.
Fill in oil through the control hole
The photo shows how everything looks if you follow the rules. The lower plug is twisted, the upper one is vice versa. And refueling is carried out with a syringe.
The oil in the Lada Granta gearbox is supplied through the hole in the "upper" plug.
Instead of a syringe, you can also use a hose with a funnel.
There is no crankcase protection in the photo. She had to be removed.
Which oil is better to fill in according to the regulations?
In the regular manual, they do not write what kind of oil to fill in the Grants box with a cable drive. The answer is in the instructions attached to other cars, also supplied with a box "2181". Here is a list:
- G-BOX EXPERT - 80W85, 75W90
- Gazpromneft - 80W90, 80W85
- TNK TRANS KP - 80W85
- TNK TRANS KP SUPER - 75W90
- LUKOIL TM-4 - 75W85, 75W80, 80W85, 75W90, 80W90
- ROSNEFT KINETIC (Angarsk) - 80W85
- ROSNEFT KINETIC (Novokuibyshevsk) - 80W85 (GL-4), 75W90 (GL-4 / GL-5)
- TATNEFT TRANSLUX TM-4-12 - 75W85
- SHELL: SPIRAX S5 ATE or TRANSAXLE OIL - 75W90 (GL-4 / GL-5)
If no quality class is specified, the material complies with GL-4 standards.
The quality class "GL-5" has its own characteristics. Gears are better retained with material in this class than synchronizers.
We focus on temperature
When choosing oil for the box, use the table:
- Range "-12 - +50 Gr. Ts "- 85W90
- "-26 - +45"- 80W90
- "-26 - +35"- 80W85
- "-40 - +35"- 75W80 or 75W85
- "-40 - +45"- 75W90
The viscosity grade is indicated on the right.
Articles
Below are the designations used by AvtoVAZ:
- 21230-1701326-00 - turnkey plug "17"
- 21900-3710410-00 - reverse switch
- 21080-3512115-00 - washer under the switch
By the way, the shops define the washer as the gasket for the pressure regulator plug. It will not be possible to find imported analogs.
List of common mistakes
- They warm the box by pushing gas to the floor and standing in neutral. The result is that the engine deteriorates.
- The oil is drained, and then it is determined that the filling hole cannot be opened.
- The washer is made of copper. Try not to lose it.
Sooner or later, or rather, according to the rules of the Maintenance it's time to change the lubricant in the gearbox for the VAZ-2114. And then the owner is faced with a difficult choice, which oil is best?
The choice of oil in the gearbox on the VAZ-2114
There is old oil in the bottle, drained from the gearbox on the VAZ-2114 with a mileage of 55,000 km
If we consider the choice of oil in the VAZ-2114 gearbox, then, of course, the manufacturer provides in the technical documentation a recommended set of lubricating fluids for all components and assemblies. Only now it does not always correspond to the realities of quality and use by motorists.
Having considered many sources of information, as well as automotive forums, we can come to the conclusion that motorists pour the oil they like into the gearbox. Here they are doing the wrong thing, because the high-quality functioning of the node, as well as its resource, depends on this element.
We will not walk around for a long time, and around and consider which oils are the most popular among motorists, and also recommended for use:
- 75w-90 – synthetic oil recommended by the manufacturer. It is this type that is used in all modern AvtoVAZ transmissions. Excellent lubricating characteristics are required to ensure the functioning of the unit at high and low temperatures. Increased noise during the operation of the gearbox compared to semi-synthetic oil. According to API classification, GL-4 standard.
- 85w-90 – semi-synthetic oil, API class is also not lower than GL-4. Recommended for used cars. It costs less than "synthetics", and the checkpoint works on it quieter.
It's all General characteristics, but many car enthusiasts will ask the question: what specific manufacturers can be poured into the gearbox? So, we will consider this issue in more detail and write a list of transmission oils that can and should be poured into this unit:
- Lada Trans KP;
- Lukoil TM 4-12;
- New Trans KP;
- Nordix Supertrans RHS;
- Slavneft TM-4.
- Castrol 75w90;
- Shell Getribeoil EP 75w90;
- TNK 75w90.
The last three are more expensive specimens, but surpass their budget counterparts in their composition and chemical properties.
Therefore, if a motorist loves and cares for his " iron horse”, Then of course he will choose them.
Survey
Types of oils
As you know, the marking of oils was invented for a reason. There are three types of oil that are added to the engine and gearbox. They all have different indicators, but viscosity is considered the main one. So, let's look at how automotive lubricating fluids are classified: Conclusions
As you can see from the article, the choice of oil for the VAZ-2114 is quite simple. There is a list of recommended oils from which you can choose the most suitable option for a motorist.
Whoever chooses quality, despite the price, is recommended to fill in Castrol 75w90, but Lada Trans KP is considered a budget option.
Passenger front wheel drive car VAZ Lada Granta is a budget car option. Three types of transmissions are installed on cars by the manufacturer: 5-speed, 4-speed and 5-speed.
All of these transmissions require periodic replacement of working fluids, that is, you need to know which transmission oil is best for Grants. Next, we will consider which Lada Granta gearbox oils are best used, as well as what to look for in the case when gear oils are selected for Lada Granta.
Read in this article
Lada Granta: gear oil manual transmission, automatic transmission and manual transmission
Under the influence of temperature, mechanical and time factors, special additives contained in working fluids gradually lose their properties and cease to correspond technical requirements, which are provided by the manufacturer.
As a result, the transmission is prone to increased wear and early failure. for LADA Granta are designed taking into account the characteristics of each box (technical, operational). The manufacturer recommends a certain type working fluid, which meets the necessary standards and requirements for the operation of the transmission.
Working fluid poured into the Lada Granta checkpoint:
- oils used for mechanical and robotic gearboxes - semi-synthetic oil LUKOIL TM 4 75W-90 GL-4 (depending on the climatic conditions in which the car will be operated, the viscosity class may vary: 75W-80, 75W-85, 75W-90, 80W-85, 80W-90);
- oils used for automatic transmissions - Genuine EJ-1 ATF.
If we consider Lada Granta and manual transmission gear oil, mandatory replacement of working fluids mechanical transmission Lada Granta is not provided by the manufacturer, since transmission fluids are designed for the entire service life of the car. But in reality this is not entirely true. In order for a manual transmission to serve for a long time, it is necessary to produce it every 60,000 km.
A list of some oils used in the Lada Granta manual transmission and recommended by the manufacturer:
- mineral oil Kinetic from the Russian manufacturer Rosneft with viscosity grades: 80W-85 GL-4 or 75W-90 GL-4/5;
- Translux TM 4-12 oil from the Russian manufacturer TATNEFT with a viscosity class of 75W-85 GL-4, developed on a synthetic and semi-synthetic base with a multifunctional additive package;
- multigrade mineral oil TRANS KP from the Russian manufacturer TNK with a viscosity class of 80W-85 GL-4;
- multigrade semi-synthetic oil TRANS KP SUPER from the Russian manufacturer TNK with a viscosity class of 75W-90 GL-4;
- synthetic oil Shell Spirax S5 ATE from the European manufacturer "SHELL TRANSAXLE OIL" with viscosity grade 75W-90 GL-4/5.
Please note that the working fluid level poured into the Lada Granta manual transmission is 3.2 liters. At the same time, less is placed during replacement, since part of the oil cannot be drained from hard-to-reach areas.
- If you need transmission oil Grenade automatic transmission, the recommendations for the selection and replacement timing are somewhat different from the "mechanics". Lada Granta with automatic transmission is a novelty on Russian market, since automatic transmissions were not so popular on VAZs, or rather, they were not massively installed at all.
In the case of Lada Granta, the manufacturer took the right path and did not develop for his car new automatic transmission... Instead, the plant decided to use the already proven JF414E box from. Since the reputation of Jatco in the world arena of transmission manufacturers is beyond doubt, the management of Avto VAZ decided to equip the Lada Granta model with an automatic transmission JF414E.
According to the recommendations of the manufacturer, there is no regulation for replacing the transmission fluid in the automatic transmission of the Lada Granta car, since the fluid is filled for the entire service life of the car. In fact, when exposed to constant thermal and mechanical stress, transmission fluid ages and loses its properties.
Taking into account the long-term practice of servicing automatic transmissions, experts recommend carrying out a maximum of 50 thousand km of run, and in used cars, reduce this interval by 30 or even 50%.
The manufacturer VAZ recommends for use in automatic transmission Jatco on a Lada Grant car, transmission fluid Genuine GM EJ-1 ATF or an analogue of NISSAN ATF Matic-S. The liquids are chemically compatible, they can be mixed. There are also other less expensive gear oil alternatives such as Aisin ATF AFW from a Japanese manufacturer.
The working level of the liquid poured into the automatic transmission Lada Granta, which is recommended by the manufacturer, is 5.1 liters. However, in fact, it is possible to fill less, since it is impossible to completely drain all mining from the unit without disassembly.
- Transmission oil Grenade Manual transmission is practically analogous to lubricant for manual transmission. In other words, with a robotic box installed on a Lada Granta, everything is much simpler than with a machine gun. The point is that the principle of operation robotic box very similar to the principle of work manual transmission in which the oil is not exposed to excessive overheating and pressure.
For this reason, the manufacturer decided to use fluids in robotic transmissions used in mechanical boxes transmissions of Lada Grant, discussed above. This was done in order to optimize the company's costs for the production and maintenance of manufactured vehicles.
What is the bottom line
At present, VAZ is actively using the technologies of the automobile corporation RENAULT - NISSAN. Many components and assemblies installed on Lada cars have been tested for a long time in extreme conditions.
Accordingly, the transmission fluids used in the production of cars of the VAZ concern are also specially designed to work in various units (mechanics, automatic or robot), both domestic development and production, and foreign.
For this reason, it is optimal to use only original fluids and oils (engine and transmission). It is also allowed to switch to various analogues, however, in this case, you need to use such products that have high quality and fully comply with all the tolerances of the vehicle manufacturer itself.
Read also
The cable gearbox on the Lada Granta car (Lada Granta with the cable gearbox): features and advantages of the cable gearbox on the Grant.
Expertise
WHAT DOES THE BOX DO?
There was a time when engine oil was poured into the Samara's gearbox. Now the plant recommends refueling the transmission unit. Which is better, motorists argue to this day.
Alexander BUDKIN
TEMPORARY SOLUTION...
Almost every mechanism requires lubrication. When choosing an oil for transmission units, they are usually guided by two criteria: the specific loads acting in the mechanism and the relative slip speed. Depending on this, oils are selected that differ in viscosity and the amount of additives, primarily extreme pressure ones. The latter, as a rule, contain sulfur compounds that cause chemical changes (modification) of the metal in critical modes. The surface layer of the material does not break out, forming scuffs, but turns into a thin film, which subsequently becomes a product of wear. Despite the fact that the metal is chemically "corroded" in this case, the overall wear in difficult working conditions is less.
There is a small caveat in this reasoning: chemical modification can reduce wear on steel or cast iron. Non-ferrous metals, from which synchronizers are made, do not get along well with sulfur compounds and, as a rule, wear out faster in their presence.
When VAZ began producing Samaras, there were simply no special transmission oils for their gearboxes. There is nothing to do, I had to temporarily use engine oil in the boxes of "eights-nines". But nothing is more permanent than temporary. Only 15 years after the start of production of "Samara" in the country there were transmission oils for it. First, TM5-9P, used for the first filling (TM-5 group, but "adapted"), then several more products of the Ryazan and Omsk refineries, assigned to the TM4 or TM4 / TM5 group (ZR, 1998, No. 12). The launch of new oils on the market almost coincided with the appearance of the VAZ 2110 gearbox, which is being installed today on the "nines". Now there is a minimum set of requirements that must be met by oil for boxes front wheel drive vehicles(Table 1). True, this does not include the standards of corrosiveness in relation to non-ferrous metals, but no one bothers to introduce this parameter when conducting a comparative examination. Actually, we did just that.
ALL YOUNGER -
ON YOUR SAMPLE
We entrusted eight applicants to take care of the Samara's gearbox (see photo). Their forces are obviously unequal, since these are oils of different classes. Actually, we were going to compare the classes of oils with each other.
Since motor oils in Samar boxes have been used since time immemorial and are approved for use now, it was impossible to do without them. We took two samples - "simpler" (M6z12G1) and "more impressive" ("Lukoil-Super" SAE 15W40 API CD / SF). Of the domestic gear oils recommended by AvtoVAZ for chisels, only Rexol TM-4-12 was found in stores. We could not get around the most famous "transmission" - TAD-17I. Only because this brand, as they say, is well known. Although it is more expensive to use it in front-wheel drive VAZs. Firstly, this oil is too thick (especially at low temperatures), and secondly, there are too many extreme pressure additives in it, which are detrimental to synchronizers. And what is the comparison without imported products? There are two such pairs in our test: two samples - "Valvolin" and two - "Castrol". Two "Dutchmen" represent different groups(GL-4 and GL-5) in the same viscosity-temperature range. Two "Germans", on the contrary, differ in viscosity (SAE-80 and SAE-90), being in the same GL-4 group. The difference between one foreign couple from another is that Valvolin oils are thickened (there are most of them on the shelves), and Castrol is not thickened. The latter, with less versatility, are very much loved by athletes, since their properties are more stable at high temperatures.
The results look rather cumbersome (Table 2). In order not to get confused in the rows and columns of this table, we will consider the capabilities of the products separately for each of the indicators. Let's take the domestic TM-4-12 as a certain standard.
Viscosity is undoubtedly one of the most important criteria and at the same time the most understandable. The higher its value, the stronger the oil film, but worse oil access to the gearbox parts. Too high a viscosity value, in addition, will complicate the operation of the synchronizers, because they must constantly squeeze out excess oil "from under themselves". The minimum value of this parameter at 100 ° С for the unit of interest to us is 9–11 mm2 / s, the maximum is 14–16, therefore, the optimum is 12–14 mm2 / s. Of the tested oils, all but the thickest Castrol (with a viscosity marking of 90) and our TAD-17I are included in the plug. The latter does not surprise anyone, because the increased viscosity of the most famous of the Russian gear oils is indicated by its marking.
WELDING, PULLING UP, WEAR
It is customary to determine the main transmission properties of oils on a four-ball friction machine in accordance with GOST 9490. There are also four most important parameters here: jamming load, welding load, scuffing index and wear scar diameter.
The first indicator characterizes the load at which the oil film is pressed through and the hydrodynamic friction mode is replaced by the semi-dry (boundary) friction mode. The higher this indicator is for the oil, the less wear of parts in normal (non-critical) operating modes. The synchronizer is characterized by just semi-dry friction (after it squeezes out excess oil). It turns out that this parameter should not be too large. What is the optimum? Assuming that the TM-4-12 oil included in our test is not a fake, 1100-1200 N will fit for the "ninth" box. It was this oil that received the recommendation of AvtoVAZ. And what are the indicators of the rest? The motor M6z12G1 and TAD-17I are a little short. One of the imported "valvolines" - semi-synthetic (quality group GL-4) - practically falls into the conditional corridor. Three other foreign "transmissions" show a noticeably greater load. Let's not consider this a disadvantage, after all, our landmark is not listed in the official requirements of VAZ. It's just that such oils are more focused on maintaining the integrity of the gears. Agree, this is not surprising for transmission oils.
The next indicator is the welding load. This is the force at which the rubbing surfaces are unable to move (slip) relative to each other. If, in this mode, the mechanism nevertheless turns, then with the inevitable tearing of pieces of metal from one or both surfaces: the same scuff is formed. According to the requirements of VAZ, this value for oils must be at least 224 kgf (2200 N). Now let's look at table. 2. Motor oil "simpler" squeezed out of 1880 N, "Lukoil" held out to 2000, but all transmissions, without exception, surpassed this barrier. Moreover, the less viscous of the "castroles" - with a margin of more than 1.6 times, and the "coolest" of the "valvolins" - more than twice.
Move on. The third tribological indicator - the scuffing index - indicates the effectiveness of the extreme pressure properties in the interval between the seizing load and the welding load. The larger the index, the better. Factory requirements prescribe at least 40 kgf (392 N). The only oil that did not pass the exam in this nomination is TAD-17I of unknown origin. The leaders are the same as in the previous case. It is curious that Lukoil lost here to a less eminent "motor" competitor, and the latter's loss to the transmission TM-4-12, specially created for the KP "Samara", was less than 4%.
The last of the tribological indicators is the diameter of the wear scar. With him, everything is obvious - the less the better. Here the attention is drawn to the TAD-17I. The 0.78 mm shown by him do not climb into any gate - almost one and a half times worse than that of the next one engine oil! The best of the two engine oils for this indicator (M6z12G1) managed to surpass one of the imported "transmissions"; however, it was more likely due to the fact that "the enemy allowed." Note that fully synthetic oil was not among the leaders in this indicator, and the best was the most viscous "Castrol EP 90". Of oils of more suitable viscosity, the semisynthetic "Valvolin" of the GL-4 group worked well.
Based on the results of the tribological test, specialists calculated the actual group of TM or GL. For motor oils 2.9 and 3.0, for TAD-17I it turned out to be 3.1 (should be 5.0). The sample for comparison (TM-4-12) "dripped" only 3.6, two Valvolin oils - 3.9 and 5.5 (!), And the Castrol pair - 4.3 and 4, 9 (the last two have 4.0 in the marking). The only foreigner who conditionally did not reach the declared GL-4 is the semisynthetic Valvolin, in the overall standings of oils for the Samara unit, oddly enough, is still in the lead.
There are only two indicators left - the pour point and corrosive wear of copper, which is part of the brass or bronze synchronizers. We won't comment on the first one, but let's talk about corrosion. As you remember, it is caused by sulfur in EP additives. It is not difficult to understand that the oil with the best extreme pressure properties will show itself to be the most corrosive. A glance at the table. 2 only confirms the theory. Engine oils that showed the lowest welding loads, during the test, destroyed the least of all non-ferrous metal - 16 and 20 mg. TAD-17I "admitted" that there are, in fact, no extreme pressure additives - wear is 19 mg. The TM-4-12 recommended by AvtoVAZ made it possible to remove 3.5 times more - 73 mg. The semisynthetic Valvolin 75W90 of the GL-4 group, which until now held the lead, showed 112 mg. This is 5.5 times more than that of motor oils, and 1.5 times more than that of the “reference” TM-4-12. Further - even more, and closes the list of the most "hardy" oil of the GL-5 group - it has 150 mg.
INSTEAD OF CONCLUSIONS
Alas, there is NO "best" oil for the Samara gearbox. The more the gears are cared for, the worse the operating conditions of the synchronizers are. So that the wolves are fed and the sheep are safe - it does not work. Only two recommendations are unambiguous: to beware of counterfeits (ha-ha, surprised!) And not to use transmission oils of the TM-5 (GL-5) group for the "eight", "nine", "tens" and "Oka". You should not "feed" the specified mechanisms with oils with high viscosity - motor 5W50 (10W50, etc.) or transmission 85W90. Motor 15W40 (10W40) or transmission 75W80 will fit. The TM-4-12 recommended by VAZ is very good, if only it is not fake.
But we have not answered the main question: which is better - motor or transmission? Who read carefully, probably guessed. Engine oil is better for synchronizers, transmission oil is better for gears. In theory, this means that the use of engine oil will allow you to go through the box less often to replace the synchronizers, but the overall service life of the unit, determined by the wear of the gears, will be less. The opposite is true with gear oil. Well, if you intend to scrupulously follow the recommendations of AvtoVAZ - look for TM-4-12, just choose carefully!
Lukoil-Super; LLC Lukoilpermnefteorgsintez. Motor, mineral, SAE 15W40 API CD / SF; price 55 rubles / l; allowed for use in gearbox "Samara", good for synchronizers, a little worse - for gears.
"Norsi" M6z12G1; OJSC Norsi. Motor, mineral, close analogue of SAE 15W40 API SF; price 35 rubles / l; allowed for use in gearbox "Samara", good for synchronizers, a little worse - for gears.
TAD-17I; OAO Slavneft Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (on the label). Transmission, mineral, close analogue of TM-5-18; price 17 rubles / l; oil of this group and viscosity is not applicable for front-wheel drive VAZs.
TNK TM-4-12; Ryazan Oil Refinery OJSC. Transmission, mineral; price 26 rubles / l; recommended by AvtoVAZ for the gearbox of front-wheel drive VAZ vehicles.
Valvoline DuraBlend, Holland. Transmission, semi-synthetic, SAE 75W90, API GL-4; the price is 185 rubles / l; one of the most preferred oils for Samara from those presented in the test.
Valvoline SynPower, Holland. Transmission, synthetic, SAE 75W90, API GL-4 / GL-5; price 290 rubles / l; very high extreme pressure properties, very low pour point, however, the use in the KP "Samara" is undesirable.
Castrol EP-80, Germany. Transmission, mineral, non-thickened, SAE 80, API GL-4; price 120 rubles / l; good for sports "boxes", but for a standard checkpoint "Samara" - not the best option.
Castrol EP-90, Germany. Transmission, mineral, non-thickened, SAE 90, API GL-4; price 130 rubles / l; use in the KP "Samara" is undesirable.
Our reference
TODAY, CARS use transmission oils of two groups: GL-4 and GL-5 according to the foreign classification or TM-4 and TM-5 according to the domestic one. As a rule, GL-5 (TM-5) oil is poured into axles with hypoid gears and loaded gearboxes, and GL-4 (TM-4) - into units of front-wheel drive cars (with a cylindrical main gear). In terms of viscosity properties, the permissible range of application: for 75W-80 - from -40 to + 25 ° С, for 80W-85 - from -30 to + 35 ° С, for 80W-90 - from -30 to + 45 ° С.
For FRONT-DRIVE VASES, several transmission oils are now recommended, but engine oils are also allowed. Of the transmissions, only TM-4-12, presented in the test, was found on sale. Oil for the first filling of TM-5-9P is not available for retail sale.
Photo by Vladimir KNYAZEV and Vladimir TRUSOV
