Starting in 2015, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant began production and production of new Patriot series off-road vehicles designed to serve in the military ranks of the Russian army. The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant has long shown the effectiveness of its cars, so an order was received from the Russian Ministry of Defense for the production of a modern unit for the military. Ulyanovsk engineers, without hesitation, turned the modern SUV UAZ-3163 Patriot into a military vehicle.
Before resorting to the production of a military SUV, a series of tests were carried out in which our hero of the program did not fall face down in the dirt and did not let down his founders. Let us consider in more detail what types of testing the UAZ Patriot was subjected to in order to obtain approval for the production of a military vehicle.
The first test option is to test the car for off-road speed. A thirteen-ton armored personnel carrier and a UAZ Patriot Sport SUV were brought to the ring, which was presented as a training ground with terrible off-road conditions. For an armored personnel carrier, this type of off-road is not an innovation, and it overcomes it with a bang, but how will the UAZ-3163 behave in such conditions and will it be able to overtake the armored personnel carrier? Many participants in the race simply did not believe in success for the Patriot, but everything turned out well.
In off-road conditions, there is no equal rival for the armored personnel carrier, except for the GAZ-66 car. The distance that was planned to overcome two heavy units was 200 meters of terrible impassability. The start was announced, and the armored personnel carrier, and the UAZ Patriot, let dust out from under the wheels. Of course, the UAZ-3163 bypassed the military armor, but the difference in time was no more than 2 seconds. If the track had been 0.5 km longer, then the UAZ Patriot SUV could have been left behind, but in this test the UAZ was at its best. He coped with the obstacles quite aesthetically and did not give a chance that he would not be able to act as a military vehicle in the ranks of the Russian troops.
The second version of the test was determined by the possibility of towing a 13-ton armored personnel carrier. Such a test threw even the manufacturers of this unit into doubt, but the Patriot coped with the armored personnel carrier perfectly well.
Not only was the armored personnel carrier moved from its place, but the SUV also dragged it a certain number of meters. This added another plus to the advantages of the domestic unit.
More details about how the UAZ-3163 SUV was tested can be seen from the video below.
Technical features
Military modification is based on four-wheel drive vehicle UAZ Patriot. This vehicle is equipped with an all-metal body with a frame and is intended primarily for use in harsh off-road conditions.
Such a car is equipped with a ZMZ-409 engine from the Zavolzhsky plant, and is also equipped with Spicer bridges, which give 100% cross-country ability to an SUV. Among other things, this is the first military vehicle in which you can feel the comfort and pleasant sensations of movement. The car easily overcomes impassability, copes well with obstacles and, with additional uniforms, can be fully used as a military or police servant of the law.
Special version modifications
The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant presented 4 modifications of the SUV in a new look:
- Army cargo-passenger version of the UAZ-3163.
- Patrol car for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which is called UAZ-3163-015 AP.
- Armored vehicles based on UAZ-3163.
- Rescue vehicles for the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
A UAZ car is a full-fledged 4x4 SUV equipped with a transfer case with a mechanical connection of the front drive wheels and a downshift.
There is a statement that the transmission, or rather the wheel drive axles of a military-made vehicle, compare favorably with civilian ones, is it really possible to try to find out.
Design features
The design of the military bridge includes the use of additional final drives, which are installed for a more optimal distribution of torque to both wheels, for difficult road conditions. The presence of gearboxes, firstly, increases ground clearance vehicle by 8 cm, which gives additional advantages when passing through deep ruts, wetlands, forests and other difficult conditions.
Secondly, due to the changed ratio of gear ratios, UAZ equipped with military bridges has better engine thrust in low gears. When connected front wheel drive and moving the lever to a low gear position, such a unit can safely drive on almost any off-road, and even drag a trailer weighing up to 2 tons, and this is with an engine power of only 75 l / s, if you take a 469 UAZ up to 90 years of manufacture .
UAZ vehicles produced specifically for the defense industry were developed more carefully, taking into account all the nuances related to the ratio of power and cross-country ability of the car, its readiness for operation in a harsh climate, extended temperature range, work in the absence of road conditions. UAZ of some modifications was even developed to accompany tank columns. Therefore, special attention was paid to the transmission.
A vehicle with military-grade axles can operate in very low or high temperature ranges with almost no oil in the gearboxes. At the same time, only a uniform rumble coming from the bridges will be heard in the UAZ, while the transmission of a civilian car will already fail. But such operation is allowed only in extreme, forced cases; in all other cases, the military bridge, like all mechanisms, needs timely lubrication and must work as expected - in an oil bath.
The wheels of a vehicle with military-made axles are located below the central axis of the axle, due to final drives, this increases the cross-country ability in case of bad road conditions. cardan gear the military bridge is one centimeter shorter.
Comfort
UAZ, any modification, with civilian or military bridges, a car designed for people of a special category - military, hunters, fishermen, special services workers who do not need additional options for comfort, such as increased noise insulation or leather interior. But there is a statement that UAZ on military bridges has a higher noise level - the bridges "buzz". This statement is erroneous, a bridge of any type “makes noise” only in a faulty condition, or during improper operation - when the oil level in the crankcase is insufficient, the main pair or hubs are worn out, the gearbox is faulty, or dispensing mechanism. With proper maintenance and operation, even an expert cannot distinguish a civil-type bridge from a military one by sound.
Visual differences
The military bridge has threaded connection gearbox on the left side in the direction of the car, civil right in the center. The stocking of the military bridge is longer on the right side, shorter on the left. In civilian construction, the stockings are visually identical. The clearance of a military-style car is slightly different in height from a civilian one.
Interchangeability
Military-style bridges, like other transmission elements, can be installed on a civilian vehicle, and civilian bridges are suitable only after special modifications.
The cost of military bridges for a UAZ vehicle is on average 20 percent more expensive than for civilian ones. To order them, contact a specialized store.
Before talking about specific models of UAZ vehicles developed or modified specifically for the army, it is worth saying that the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, in general, was aimed at meeting the needs of the Ministry of Defense in its activities. UAZ civilian cars are, roughly speaking, a side effect, especially in Soviet times. In the conditions of a free market, the automaker had no choice but to rebuild capacities to meet the needs of “peaceful” customers. But even now, UAZ is actively cooperating with the state, supplying all-terrain vehicles for the army.
The history of the military UAZ began in the middle of the 20th century. First of all, the UAZ-469 and UAZ-3151 should be attributed to the army models of this brand of car.
It was the UAZ-469 that became by the 70s of the 20th century the main car for command in the countries of Eastern Europe, which were part of the Warsaw Pact bloc. His predecessor in the role mentioned before was the GAZ-69.
In 1964, several experimental models were produced, on the basis of which serial production of the UAZ-469 and UAZ-469B began in 1972. In 1985, they began to produce UAZ-3151. And since 2003, the UAZ-315195 Hunter has been produced, which in 2010, on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the Second World War, was modernized and released in a limited series under the index 315196.
The history of the development of the military UAZ
It was noted above that the first prototype UAZ-469 models were produced in 1964. However, developments began to be carried out in the 50s of the 20th century. The first sample, named UAZ-460, was designed in 1958. The basis, apparently, was taken by the American Jeep. The Soviet car turned out to be powerful, capable of transporting people and goods off-road, as well as pulling trailers and light guns. But the car could not boast of convenience and comfort.
In 1964, a trial batch of modified cars was released, called the UAZ-469. By the way, in the automotive press, the very next year, you could find an image of this car and learn about some technical specifications. This is surprising, given the fact that mass production of machines will begin only after 8 years.
The basis for the UAZ-469 of the 1972 model was the reliable and advanced 21st Volga for those years. The possibilities of UAZ delight and surprise. For example, in 1974, several cars in basic configuration, that is, without anti-slip chains, winches and other things, they were able to climb one of the Elbrus glaciers, to a height of 4.2 kilometers.
In 1985, an army SUV from Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant began to be produced under the name UAZ-3151.
The history of UAZ-469 ends at the beginning of the 21st century. In 2010, a limited batch of UAZ-315196 is produced, which has power steering, spring suspension, front disc brakes, a 112-horsepower engine, Timken split axles. And already in 2011 this model disappears from the market, due to the fact that the indicated batch of 5000 cars is completely sold out. UAZ, in terms of army vehicles, begins to specialize in the Hunter Classic model.
Model 469 Specifications
The UAZ-469 model has a five-seater open body. Basically, it's a convertible. A soft tarpaulin awning is used as a roof, and 4 side doors have glazed extensions. Fifth backdoor used for loading luggage. In addition, there are folding seats in the rear compartment of the car, which can accommodate two more passengers. The windshield leans back onto the hood. Here we can recall the American "Willis", in which, also, you can fold the windshield onto the hood in order to increase the car's camouflage on the ground.
The frame of the model is very strong, not subject to twisting. 2.5-liter 4-cylinder engine capable of delivering 75 Horse power, runs on gasoline. The clutch is single disc. Gearbox - mechanical, 4-speed. There is a 2-stage razdatka.
Since the car was designed for the army, 2 fuel tanks, with a volume of 39 liters each. If we take into account that fuel consumption, on average, is 16 liters per 100 kilometers, then we can conclude that the manufacturer does not provide for such a large fuel supply. However, when transporting 7 passengers, the car can take on board 100 kilograms of luggage. That is, a few more canisters will fit quite well. UAZ-469 can "drag" a trailer weighing 850 kilograms.
UAZ 469 tests
The ground clearance of the military model is 300 millimeters. To create such a clearance, the following was developed and implemented:
- double final drive on the drive axles. The engine crankcase, at the same time, is wide, but the vertical size is reduced.
- reduction gears.
Hubs front axle in this car model, you can turn it off to reduce fuel consumption if the car is driving on a good road. However, the decrease in consumption was insignificant, and to disable the hubs, it was necessary to perform several manipulations, albeit simple, but taking some time.
By 1982, the car's power increased by 2 horsepower, thanks to the installation of a new engine.
UAZ-3151
In 1985, the model 469 was upgraded, new car received the name UAZ-3151.
The changes affected most of the components and assemblies. Clutch received hydraulic drive shutdowns. IN cardan shafts radial-face bearing seals appeared. Lighting devices have been improved and supplemented. Washer drive became electric windshield got. In addition, the following equipment appeared in the car:
- two suspended pedals - clutch and brake;
- dual circuit brakes;
- safe steering column;
Engine power began to be 80 horsepower, which increased top speed up to 120 kilometers per hour.
Model modifications
In addition to those mentioned, there were other modifications of domestic UAZ military SUVs.
UAZ-469BI with shielded equipment and a radio station. UAZ-469BG (UAZ-3152) - used for military medical needs. UAZ-469РРХ - radio-chemical reconnaissance vehicle.
There were also non-serial modifications. For example, the UAZ-3907 Jaguar is an amphibious vehicle with propellers installed. The export version of the UAZ - Martorelli, on which, among other things, was installed diesel engines from Fiat and Peugeot.
Records
It's no secret that the Soviet auto industry, for its time, was at a very high level. And when it came to military developments, here are the factories Soviet Union were unsurpassed leaders.
So, the UAZ-469 model set a world record, indirectly confirming the high level of the car:
32 people were able to get into the UAZ-469, with a total weight of 1.9 tons. This event is included in the Guinness Book of Records. Before that in the car Kia Spectra managed to accommodate 23 people.
- Among the people, the UAZ-469 and its followers received the nicknames Kozlik and Bobik.
- In China, without cooperating with the USSR, they developed and released the Beijing car, which combines undercarriage GAZ-69 and UAZ-469 body.
Surely you have seen UAZ cars on sale, where car owners proudly talked about military bridges, making an extra charge of several thousand rubles. This topic has been discussed many times. Some say that such cars are worthy of attention, while others, on the contrary, prefer to drive civilian bridges. What are they and what are their differences? Let's try to figure it out.
Varieties
On UAZ vehicles, two types of mechanisms are used - with a single-stage main, as well as with a final drive. The first (UAZ) military is installed on cars of a wagon layout, the second - on a cargo-passenger model 3151 (in other words, "Bobik"). The driving mechanisms have a U-shaped design and are installed together with cardan shafts. However, the installation of such elements on wagon-type vehicles (such as a “tadpole”) requires significant technical improvements. This applies to the design of the suspension, bipod traction, bridges. Also, for full-fledged work, a cardan shaft shortened by a centimeter is required.
As for the final drive elements, they have differences in the middle part, namely, a smaller differential of the military bridge. UAZ with such a mechanism also differs in a different way of installing the final drive gear. There are few differences here. It is only mounted on tapered roller bearings. UAZ, whose military bridge is considered more durable, has a more complex design compared to its civilian counterpart. Between the pinion gear and the large bearing ring there is an adjusting ring, as well as a spacer and spacers. The bearings of the drive gears are clamped with a flange fastening nut.
Device
Where are the final drives located? On UAZ-469 vehicles, whose military bridges are located at the rear, the transmission itself is located in the crankcases, where necks are pressed onto the outer parts of the axle shaft casings. The drive gears are mounted on the splined end of the axle shaft, between the roller and ball bearings. The latter is attached with a retaining ring in the crankcase. Between ball bearing and crankcase final drive there is a special oil deflector. The roller mechanism is fixed in the housing with two bolts. The inner ring of the bearing is attached to the axle shaft with a retaining ring. The driven gear is attached to the final drive flange. The driven shaft rests on the bushing and bearing. By the way, the latter has a left-hand thread. The driven shafts of the rear final drive are connected to the wheel hub using splined flanges.
The transmission housing is cast together with the stub axle housing. The drive gear is mounted on the spline of the driven cam between roller and ball bearings (perceive axial loads hinge).
Peculiarities
On such cars as the UAZ "Loaf", "Farmer", as well as long modifications of the model 3151, civil bridges are installed (in the common people "collective farms"). However, military counterparts are mounted on some "bobbies". These are new models with the index 316, 3159 and the Bars modification, which is distinguished by an increased track. But as a result of such a decision, military bridges (UAZ) are not simple here - they are elongated, geared, with a modified "stocking".
What is the difference between the military?
First of all, such a bridge differs from the civilian one in the presence of final drives. Thanks to this, the vehicle's ground clearance is increased by 8 centimeters (that is, the gearbox is located above the standard one). Main couple has a smaller number of teeth, but at the same time they bigger size. This design significantly improves reliability. Ratio also different. At military bridges, it is 5.38. What does it mean?
The car becomes more high-torque on climbs, is able to easily carry heavy loads on itself (or behind itself - on a trailer). However, this mechanism is not designed for speed. The so-called "collective farm" bridges are faster than their military counterparts. And, of course, there are differences cardan shaft. If these are military bridges (UAZ), the length of this element is 1 centimeter shorter. Therefore, when replacing or repairing a shaft, it is necessary to specify the bridge under which it is designed. The recommended wheel size is 215x90 with a diameter of 15 inches.
Advantages
So, the first plus is ground clearance. It, unlike civilian models, is 30 centimeters. "Collective farm" UAZ vehicles have a clearance of 22 centimeters. The second plus is the increased torque. This is a huge plus if you are going to carry large loads or tow a trailer. Due to the large size of the teeth, they do not wear out as often as on civilian ones (concerns the main pair).
Also, military bridges (UAZ) are distinguished by a more even distribution of the load between the final drive and the final drive. Well, the last thing the owner of such bridges can boast of is the presence of a limited slip differential. This is known when driving off-road (in fact, UAZ was intended for him). If the car is stuck in the mud with only one side, you will not have slippage, as on civilian bridges (the left wheel moves, but the right one does not).
What are these bridges losing?
Now we list the disadvantages this mechanism, because of which disputes arise between the "Uazovods". The first disadvantage is the increased weight. Civil bridges are lighter, and therefore fuel consumption is less.
Also, their design has fewer complex parts, so the "collective farmer" is more maintainable. Yes, and spare parts for the "warrior" are more difficult to find (the same military bridge gearbox). UAZ with a civilian bridge is more comfortable to ride and faster. Also, due to the use of spur gears in military analogues, the operation of this design is noisier. Also on civilians, you can install a spring suspension and disc brakes. It is impossible to put all this on military bridges (including UAZ-469). Oddly enough, it is civilian mechanisms that are more unpretentious in maintenance. Take at least oil - military bridges have much more lubrication points.
Reviews
Some motorists, in response to the statement "military bridges are better than civilian ones," agree only 50 percent. As for the increased clearance, these centimeters do not give much advantage. Those who need it lift the suspension and install more “evil” wheels. As a result, ground clearance can be increased by 1.5-2 times - it all depends on the desire and skills of the car owner. Drivers also complain about increased noise. Still, army bridges make themselves felt, even if the car is used for civilian purposes. And sometimes, to get to your destination (hunting or fishing), you have to listen to this “melody” for several hours. This is especially noticeable on the asphalt surface. For many, consumption and dynamics are important - with military bridges, you can simply forget about these two factors. Reviews of car owners say that the car hardly picks up speed more than 60 kilometers per hour, while fuel consumption increases by 10-15 percent. In terms of maintenance, reviews note the problem of oil leakage. It starts at the final drives. Therefore, advice for those who are going to take a UAZ: immediately change the oil. Nobody ever thought about this seemingly simple operation. People buy this car and do not even think about the fact that they periodically need to change the oil in the engine and gearbox, not to mention the bridges. Of course, this and it is very difficult to “kill” it, but if you ride for 10 years on the same oil in the gearbox, the car is unlikely to thank you. As for cross-country ability, reviews note the special design of military bridges. They are made in the form of a ski. Therefore, to get stuck on military bridges, you need to try hard. And in terms of resource, they are more enduring, due to the use of other teeth.
Also, reviews note the absence of blocking. You can not put Military bridges they "do not digest." But, along with this, it is possible to install wheels over 30 inches. If civil bridges are used, it is necessary to strengthen the axle shafts and the main pair.
About the problem of consumption and not only through the eyes of car owners
Regarding noise: judging by the reviews, this is a very subjective opinion. Someone scolds military bridges for being noisy, but for some it does not matter - "as they used to make noise, so now." Regarding fuel consumption - with a properly adjusted intake system, such a UAZ will consume a maximum of 1.5 liters more than its civilian counterpart. In addition, some car owners note the lack of spare parts, since military bridges have not been produced for several decades. If you manage to find something, then only at the disassembly, and it’s not a fact that what you find will be in good condition. On the other hand, the bridge is not a “consumable”, like a filter, rubber and oil. And it’s not every day that you have to buy gears and other spare parts for it.
off-road element
If offroad is your priority, it is definitely better to put a military bridge.
But if you often drive on a normal asphalt surface, civilians are definitely chosen for such purposes. After all, it is not in vain that “collective-farm” bridges are put on all police “bobbies”. In the city, comfort and dynamics are a priority.
Conclusion
Thus, it is determined by the further purpose of the car - will it go just hunting and fishing or be prepared for a full-fledged off-road. But it is worth noting that even a civilian UAZ on "stock" tires is able to get through the ford. But on a daily basis, you should not use this opportunity: even on civilian bridges, "military echoes" are felt - frame structure, rigid spring suspension.
So, we found out how military bridges (UAZ) are arranged, what are their advantages and disadvantages compared to civilian ones. As you can see, you need to initially know for what purposes it will be used.
Military UAZ-469
Year of issue: from 1970
Mileage: no
Condition: excellent, on the move (from storage) photo actual
Storage conditions: garage and outdoor
Bridges: "military"
Documents: Title available
Availability: Coming Soon
Price: to be agreed
An operational summary of availability is published on social networks:
To get advice, make an appointment or buy UAZ-469, send a request from the site or by e-mail. Specialists will contact you if available
Photo UAZ-469
Description UAZ-469
The development of UAZ began in the second half of the 1950s. The growing army of the Soviet Union needed a universal vehicle with a 4x4 wheel formula, which could be used in any area, from the steppes of Kazakhstan to the snow-covered virgin Siberia. Automobile UAZ-469 was supposed to be the successor to the GAZ-69, a military vehicle that was very similar to american jeeps, and its roots come from World War II.
The first prototype of the UAZ-460 was similar to Land Rover, which has just begun to conquer the wilderness of the former British colonies.
Timeless, the UAZ-469 army all-terrain vehicle, which has withstood the test in the harsh conditions of the Arctic and Central Asia, continues to be used in various areas of military and civilian, in many countries of the world.
In the 60s of the XXth, the question was raised about the development of a new army passenger-and-freight SUV. The first release of the car was carried out in December 1972, they were larger, heavier and more powerful than the previous model - UAZ-69.
UAZ-469 was created from scratch, appearance turned out to be original, and the design is quite reliable. The developers were tasked with providing a reliable, durable utility machine, without focusing on convenience and ergonomics.
ICE on UAZ-469 installed from the GAZ-21 "Volga", with a volume of 2.4 liters, a power of 75 hp. The maximum developed speed on the road surface is up to 120 km / h, fuels and lubricants, gasoline of the AI-72 or AI-76 brands. Consumption in mixed mode is approximately 16 liters per 100 kilometers. The gearbox is a four-speed manual with synchronizers at 3 and 4 speeds. The car has four-wheel drive, dual band transfer case, military bridges with lowering final drives increasing ground clearance up to 300 mm. Weight 1600 kg without load, with full load weight up to 2500 kg.
A car with a four-door body has a folding tailgate, when folded rear seats, up to 700 kilograms are loaded into the trunk. The windshield can be lowered onto the hood, the canopy folds down, and the tops of the doors are removed, providing camouflage on the ground and smaller dimensions when transferred by air.
Absence speed characteristics and the severity of control, harsh interior and lack of ergonomics is forgotten on the roads, where the car's patency is like that of a tractor.
Release discontinued in 1985.
