From the heroes of the old days
Sometimes there are no names left.
Those who have accepted mortal combat
Became just earth and grass ...
According to the already established tradition, new projects were prepared for the Victory Day. In past years, these were three Su-37 for group aerobatics.
This year, a new ZIS project was launched for Victory Day. With flights, it was not yet clear whether it was allowed or not.
So, the car is a veteran ZiS 5V. The grandfather of our chief designer of this project during the Second World War was driving to Victory in such a car. This is the memory of him and other veterans of the Second World War.
In terms of events, it was that this model will take part in the Victory Parade on May 9 in the Column of the College where we are now based. We managed to prepare everything less than a day before the events. In less than a day, it was decided to make a frame and an awning in the body.
It was decided to use a ready-made chassis based on Baja at a scale of 1: 5 for the scale of the project.
The car is new, just run-in. It was the rear-wheel drive version that was chosen to "stretch" it for a future project. 
The front part with the electronics is disconnected from the frame. The frame has been increased in length by 50 cm. Wheels with a diameter of 25 cm.
The main problem was in assembling the frame and making the wheels themselves or using ready-made ones. 
In winter, various options were considered, but they presented some difficulty, although, according to the plan, they should look more copy-like. But this was abandoned in favor of finished products. The solution was found in use with revision finished wheels from carts. So, 7 wheels are prepared. incl. one spare. A drawing was taken on the emery on the sides of the tires. The hubs were dismantled and in their place were made of wood for stock hexes for more convenient installation. Rear wheels double, interconnected by screws. The wheels are chambered, everything is left as is.
The frame is reinforced at the bottom with aluminum corners. At the top with an aluminum rail. The body and the cabin will be attached to it.
From the electronics side, the steering servo radio boxes have been moved forward as they were in the stock version. The brake servo was left in the stock location on the new mount due to the reason of not changing the settings for dismantling and collecting the stock version of the Baja. 
Drawings were made on a scale of 1: 1. On them and is the assembly of the car. 
Variants of making a body, a cab from plywood were considered, but due to a more exact match, it was decided to make it from slats, everything is as in the original. 
To maintain the proportions, a ZIS 5V model was assembled at a scale of 1:35. 
It was on it that the number of boards (rails) in each node was calculated. Thus, the body and the cab contain the same number of slats and planks as in this scale model. The dimensions are also respected. 
Body boards, cabins are glued together. Tied into a shield with clamps and wedges. The body is finished with small copy parts - hinges, awnings.
Cabin.
As in the original, it is made of planks (slats). The hood and roof will be made of tin. Ventilation ribs are made on the sides of the hood. 
Manufactured wheel, seating pattern as in a scale model. 
The doors are also recruited from slats. Opening doors. 
The local art school, (children of the art modeling circle), were engaged in the manufacture of a driver and a passenger. The driver was sculpted from the photo of the grandfather of the Chief Designer of this project. 
To reduce the volume of the exhaust, a muffler is assembled from corrugations and squeegees of water pipes. A metal mesh was placed in the barrel. 
The model is quite heavy. The stock 26cc engine is rather weak for her. In general, the task was to drive along a flat straight line, on asphalt. Which was done. The sound, the smoke, everything was as intended.
The task was not set for maximum detail and similarity to the prototype, but we tried to make it similar.
Perhaps we will later convert it to an electric version. The stock 26cc engine is weak for her.
Model making.
Frame break-in
Participation in the parade. In general, everything turned out as planned. 
At the end of the parade, the model was exhibited for a photo session for everyone, of whom there were plenty, even queued up. 
It was nice to listen to the old people who said that they had a chance to ride on such trucks after the war, as well as those whose fathers and grandfathers went to the front and returned in such vehicles. 
The archive has a complete set of drawings for flatbed vehicle ZIS-5 model 1939-1941, for cars ZIS-5V arr. 1942 and 1943, as well as additions for later design changes, including the ZIS-50 model. There are drawings of military versions of the ZIS-5 with universal bodies (ZIS-5A). There are also drawings for the gas-cylinder modification of the ZIS-5, as well as for the gas-generator versions of the ZIS-21, ZIS-41, the army all-terrain vehicles ZIS-22 and ZIS-42, four-wheel drive vehicle ZIS-32. On truck tractor there are only drawings of the PP-6 semi-trailer. There are no drawings for long-wheelbase variants (ZIS-11, ZIS-12, ZIS-14) in the archive. There are 50% of the drawings for the ZIS-6 car.
Catalog of ZIS-5 body drawings
Standard versions (base 3810 mm)
- - basic 3-ton truck with a universal body (1933-1941)
- - export version with an additional gas tank and front bumper (1933-1941)
- ‒Simplified model, replacement of ZIS-5 (1942-1948)
- - late modification with power unit ZIS-120, 11204 pcs. (1947-1948)
Non-standard versions (base 4420 mm)
- ZIS-11- chassis with a cab with an enlarged radiator and a lowered crankcase rear axle for a fire truck PMZ-1, 852 pcs. (1939-1941)
- ZIS-12- extended chassis for sale to other factories for the installation of various bodies and superstructures, 4576 pcs. (1934-1941)
- ZIS-14- export chassis with and without cab, with nickel-plated radiator lining, long-wheelbase analogue of ZIS-5E, 823 pcs. (1936-1940)
Triaxial modifications
- ZIS-6- standard 6x4 vehicle (1933-1942)
- ZIS-6E- export version with chrome-plated radiator grille and front bumper
- ZIS-6A- a variant with increased sides for the transport of personnel (1939-1941)
- ZIS-34- a three-axle shortened chassis without a cab for the BA-11 armored car, 16 pcs. (1939-1940)
- ZIS-36- an experimental vehicle with a 6x6 wheel arrangement (1940)
Semitrailer tractors
- ZIS-10- short-base truck tractor for 6-ton semitrailer PP-6, 760 pcs. (1938-1941)
Gas modifications
- ZIS-Dekalenkov- the first serial Soviet gas-generating vehicle, assembled at the ZIS, 125 pcs. (1935-1936)
- ZIS-13- a car with a wood-coal gas generator, 1730 pcs. (1936-1938)
- ZIS-18- an experimental gas generator vehicle with the installation of the ZIS-13 on the ZIS-5 chassis (1937)
- ZIS-21 / 21A / 21E- car ZIS-5 with a wood-coal plant, 19345 pcs. (1938-1941)
- ZIS-31- a car with a wood-coal gas generator, 32 pcs. (1939)
- ZIS-41- car ZIS-5 with a gas generator, replacement of ZIS-21, 10 pcs. (1941-1943)
- ZIS-62- an experimental gas generator vehicle with a simplified gas generator installation (1942)
- ZIS-30- a car running on compressed gas had four cylinders, 15 pcs. (1938-1939)
- ZIS-40- a prototype of a car running on liquefied gas with two gas cylinders (1941)
Military performances
- ‒ military modification with two gas tanks and raised sides of the body for the transport of personnel, mass production (1939-1941)
- - analogue of the ZIS-5A with a universal body (1939-1941)
- ZIS-32- four-wheel drive vehicle, 197 units (1941)
Dump trucks
- ZIS-19- an experienced dump truck with one-way unloading (1934-1935)
- ZIS-20- Experienced dump truck with three-way unloading (1934-1935)
- - a dump truck with one-way unloading with a body ZIS-19 (1946)
Off-road vehicles for the army
- ZIS-33- army three-ton with a removable tracked attachment, 4539 pcs. (1940-1941)
- ZIS-35- experienced car on caterpillar(1939)
- ZIS-22- half-track vehicle, 564 pcs. (1939-1940)
- ZIS-42 / 42M- half-track vehicle, 6321 pcs. (1942-1946)
Three-ton car, modernization of AMO-2 and AMO-3 vehicles, which in turn were an adapted model of the American Autocar SA truck. The car was produced at the ZIS in 1933-1941, as well as at UlZIS and at UralZIS, where since 1950 it has been transformed into the Ural versions of the ZIS (ZIS-5M, UlZIS-355), and will last in production until the early 60s. During the war, the car was manufactured in a simplified version, after the war, a wooden cabin and bent wings were left on the ZIS.
The ZIS-5 car is also known for the fact that a record number of modifications in the history of the world auto industry were built on its basis: all-terrain vehicles, buses, dump trucks, vans, construction and road cars... According to some estimates, variants of cars on the ZIS-5 chassis reach thousands of pieces.
In the Arkhangelsk region, on one of the islands of the White Sea, the ZIS-5 miraculously survived, abandoned there in the 60s due to the complete absence of roads. This is how we saw him.
The power unit turned out to be completely native, and the cutout in the engine shield was made by the driver who once drove this ZIS in winter. We need this cutout so that the warm air from the manifold goes directly into the cab.
The cab on this ZIS at the end of the 50s was replaced with a new one from the UralZIS-355 car. This is evidenced by the "late" steering column mounting bracket, a torpedo without an air intake hatch and a characteristic flange.
Rear axle with mechanical brakes, cardan shaft, the brake rods are preserved in a very good condition... The body, of course, was not preserved, but later we found its exact drawings.
Before the war, the spare wheel bracket was installed at the rear under the frame, which was extremely inconvenient for operation. Since 1943, other brackets have been installed on ZIS-5V cars, they were attached under the body on the right side.
The engine clearly shows the marking of the month and year of manufacture - March 1941, which is confirmed by a similar casting on the manifold. The fenders are also in good condition, even the bonnet locks have survived.
Even the factory engine protection has been preserved on the car. Usually, however, such protections were not preserved for two reasons: firstly, during operation, they strongly rusted and rotted, and secondly, if the engine was removed from the car, then these shields were usually no longer put in place.
Before pulling out the ZIS, they had to dig it out of the snow and clean the road.
Special thanks to the virtuoso tractor driver of the fishing collective farm "Krasnoe Znamya" Sergei Ivanovich. He very carefully pulled the ZIS from the distant island onto the mainland.
For the motor shield corresponding to the year of production of the car, I had to go to the area of the village of Luga, Leningrad Region. During the retreat in 1941 from Pskov to Leningrad, a lot of equipment was thrown in the swamps, and you can still find some Western equipment. parts. In the photo, Alexander Olegovich Pavlov, a connoisseur of the ZIS-5 car. Thanks to his participation, our ZISs are among the best in the world in terms of the degree of restoration.
Since our ZIS did not have a hood and many more parts, we needed to find them somewhere. Invaluable help in this was provided by Vadim Igorevich Matveenko - the main "ideologist" of our project, candidate of historical sciences, author of the book "Forgotten and Famous".
Since the pre-war app. parts can only be found deep in the forest, then they had to be pulled out in this way.
The engine had to be seriously repaired and completed with missing spare parts. parts.
The cockpit was restored according to the factory drawings and samples found earlier.
The body is made of wood, made according to drawings and found metal elements. Painted in the same color as the cabin.
Locks, body hinges and nuts are of the early type (until 1938). Chauffeurs didn't like such locks very much - because of them, the sides were opened on the move, and were subsequently replaced with “American-type” locks, which are still installed on Russian trucks.
Generator 3-brush brand GBR-4600, carburetor MKZ-6 model 1938, air filter MAAZ-5, a fuel pump of an interesting design - an original "body kit" of the engine.
The oil filter has a set of felt rings (you can cut it out of an old felt boot, rinse it and move on). Steering type "Ross-Gear" transmitted the force from the steering column to the swivel mechanism. On the engine block, you can see a triangle with the inscription ZIS, and under it - the year of manufacture.
The tire inflation pump was installed on the gearbox and powered by its gears.
The universal joint shaft has no elastic joints. Both hinges are metal of the "Spicer No. 500" type. Rear wheels have mechanical drum brakes with two pairs of pads, one of which is actuated by a lever hand brake and the other from the brake pedal.
The front brakes are also mechanically actuated. Front brakes are very rare on ZIS, they practically did not work and required constant adjustments. Many drivers simply took them off and threw them away.
Difficulties with the restoration of the spare wheel bracket did not arise, and the hitch also had to be taken out of the forest.
The electrical equipment on our car is 6-volt - an original instrument panel with a speedometer, a pressure gauge, an ammeter and a central light switch that is quite difficult to repair. The starter button is visible below.
The original gearbox of the ZIS car is installed, it is a modernization of the gearbox of the company "Brown and Line" with increased dimensions of the gears. A gasoline tank with a volume of 60 liters was under the driver's seat - it is difficult for a modern person to understand the logic of designers, because to refuel it is necessary to open the door and remove the seat! Obviously, this was necessary so that the driver did exercises daily and did not smoke while driving.
The car is ready for sea trials. A set of native rubber brand Ya-1 in size 34x7 (corresponds to the modern marking 200x508) produced by the Leningrad plant "Red Triangle" in 1938 is installed only for the duration of the exhibition. For sea trials, a more modern rubber of a similar size is used.
Kasymov Alim Dzhumanazarovich - chief engineer, technologist, minder, aggregator, tinsmith, painter. There are no parts in the car that have not been in the hands of this ingenious person.
The legend of the Soviet automobile industry, the ZIS-5 truck dates back to 1933, when its predecessor AMO-3 was modernized. Then updated power plant, increasing the engine power and, as a consequence, the carrying capacity of the machine.
The ZIS-5 had a very durable engine. Another very valuable feature of the "three-thin" was that almost all of its parts had such proportions and dimensions that they could not be damaged or broken even with the most rough and inept handling. The simplicity of the car meant a lot for the convenience of maintenance and repair. It consisted of only four and a half thousand parts, and its assemblies could be disassembled and repaired with minimal use of special equipment and tools. The three-tonka turned out to be an irreplaceable machine for work in the conditions of that time. The engine started easily in cold weather, and ran on any grade of gasoline. The car stood out for its good cross-country ability and won the sympathy of the drivers. It withstood the tests of the war with flying colors, was modernized more than once and was discontinued (its last version, the Ural-355M), only in 1963. Thus, if you keep score from AMO-2, then this truck, which has become almost legendary, has been in production for 33 years.
Many interesting pages of the biography of the Soviet automotive industry are associated with the ZIS-5 car. He was the first domestic car, which already in 1936 began to be bought abroad. When the Nazis approached the capital in 1941, the Moscow plant had to be evacuated to several cities, and a simplified version of the "three-ton" (ZIS-5V, that is, wartime) was produced at the Ural automobile plant. But the Moscow plant also resumed production of the same trucks in 1942. During the war years, the ZIS-5 meekly carried guns and wounded, ammunition and food. He carried out a difficult service on the "Road of Life" that ran from Leningrad besieged by the Nazis on the ice of Lake Ladoga, went through the frost and fire of Stalingrad, participated in the liberation from the fascist yoke of European countries.
XI dimension characterizes the inclination of the frame relative to the ground in the area between the axles with a load of about 50 mm, without a load of about 140 mm. In the drawing, the frame is shown horizontal, and the ground is inclined, for the convenience of taking measurements of the body, the lines of which are parallel to the frame or are located at right angles to it.
Numerous models and their modifications were produced on the basis of the "three-ton". Among them it is necessary to highlight the cars off-road- three-axle, - half-track and with a drive not only to the rear, but also to the front wheels. The first Katyushas were mounted on a three-axle ZIS-6 chassis.
In parallel with the military branch, the civil branch also developed. So, in 1933, an elongated ZIS-11 chassis appeared (it was used for fire trucks), and three years later the production of gas generating machines began. The fuel for them was the gas obtained from wood chunks in gas generators. Based on the experience gained with these models, it was possible to create a ZIS-30 truck, for which liquefied methane or luminous gas served as fuel. The calorific value of this fuel is significantly higher than that of generator gas.
Over time, the "three-ton" engine became more and more powerful (up to 85 hp), hydraulic drive brakes, in 1956 the car acquired a rounded steering gear. Finally, from 1958 to 1963, the Ural-355M was produced. It was distinguished by an all-metal cabin of the GAZ-51 type, new fenders, a radiator lining and a hood.
At the Moscow plant ZIS-5V held out until 1946. It was replaced by another truck - the ZIS-150. It was a significant step forward. He had five-speed gearbox gear, pneumatic brakes and many other design differences. On the basis of its units, the ZIS-151 with three drive axles, a truck tractor, a dump truck, as well as cars running on liquefied and compressed gas were produced.
ZIS-150 - the successor to the ZIS-5 on a pedestal in Ivanteevka near Moscow
The large family of ZIS trucks gave rise to two more related lines. In 1951, the production of Zisov truck tractors and dump trucks began in Kutaisi. Almost simultaneously, the Mytishchi machine-building plant began to build on the basis of the chassis obtained from the ZIS, dump trucks and road trains with truck tractors. In the mid-fifties, the ZIS-150 had new "relatives": trucks were built on its model in China and Romania.
In 1957, the ZIS-150 underwent a radical modernization, after which the car received the index 164, and later - 164А and 164АР. Outwardly, these cars differed slightly from the ZIS-150, but they had engines of greater power and improved units. Since in 1956 the plant was named after I.A. Likhachev, who was its director for a long time, then all models received the designation "ZIL". The ZIS-151 was replaced by the ZIL-157, equipped with single wheels and a centralized tire pressure control system.
By 1965, the Likhachev automobile plant created a completely new base model truck... She gave rise to the fourth generation of trucks of this enterprise. The first, the ancestor of which was AMO-F15, existed for seven years. The second, which began with the AMO-2 and developed into the ZIS-5, as we already know, spanned three decades. The post-war generation of the ZIS-150, the third in a row, was almost twenty years old. It retained the most important engine unit - the continuity from the ZIS-5 and even from the "Avtokar"; Inch measurements of many parts have been preserved, for example, starting with AMO-2 and up to ZIL-164A, but the size of the piston stroke has changed - 114.3 mm, that is, exactly 41/2 inches. Despite numerous improvements, this engine was outdated by 1965. The transition to a new one inevitably required the reconstruction of other units, the entire car. And in 1965, a ZIL-130 with an overhead valve eight-cylinder engine entered the conveyor. Along with this model, its modifications were produced - 130G with an extended base, 130V1 truck tractor, MMZ-555G dump truck, ZIL-131 car with stirrups.
At the beginning of the 1960s, the Ural Automobile Plant prepared a three-axle off-road model, the Ural-375, to replace the "three-ton" car. On its basis, a truck tractor and a road-type truck are also produced. The engines installed on them are manufactured at ZIL and are of the same type as the engines of the ZIL-130 and ZIL-131 models.
The ZIS-6 is distinguished by the presence of a third axis and a slightly enlarged radiator. The half-track ZIS-22, ZIS-42 have caterpillars instead of the rear wheels, the ZIS-10 tractor has a support linkage instead of a platform. The cars of the pre-war production (before the evacuation of the plant to Ulyanovsk and the Urals) had no cab visor, buffer and front brakes, the mudguard of the footrest was shortened.
The cabin of the ZIS-5V (and all its modifications of the war and post-war times) is sheathed with wooden slats, the so-called "clapboard"; stamped fenders were replaced with angular welded ones, and the platform's steel hinges were replaced with wooden struts; a significant part of the cars were produced with one (left) headlamp, which was equipped with a blackout disc.
External details of the main model ZIS-5 do not require special explanations - they are visible in the drawing. You just need to pay the modeler's attention to the new roof lining (which differed in color and texture from the color of the entire cab), the absence of horizontal stamping in the area between the hood and the door, the corrugation of the footrest, the steering wheel hub protruding upward with two shifters on it. Distinctive tire tread pattern with lugs extending to the sidewalls. Simple shapes of the engine and other mechanisms (this is for those modelers who want to make the hood open, and also show the chassis details from below) schematically in the drawing. Inside the cab, don't forget the wooden door sills and ceiling slats. Back light single, located on the left.
ZIS-5 cars were painted most often in a light protective green color, including the radiator lining and fenders. Wheels, frame and all chassis mechanisms, as well as headlights (except for chrome rims) were black. Cars intended for export were painted beige, with the radiator lining, headlight housings, bumper and wheel nuts chrome plated.
Y. DOLMATOVSKY candidate of technical sciences, L. SHUGUROV, journalist
