"Zhiguli" of the 1960s-1980s is officially called "classics", and this is perhaps the only case in the automotive industry when the generally accepted meaning of the word has become limited and does not require clarification of which cars are in question.

Compared to the majority of car manufacturers, the Volzhsky Automobile Plant (VAZ) is a relatively young company. Its construction began in 1967 and proceeded at an incredible pace, even by Soviet standards. Since the decision on Fiat cooperation had already been made (the first Zhiguli model was made on the basis of Fiat-124), construction was carried out according to a technical project of the Italians, and a contract was signed with them for the supply of basic technological equipment and further training of specialists. The Zhiguli was conceived as a people's car, which, at a relatively low price, could cut the incredible queues of Soviet citizens wishing to have their own transport.

The first six VAZ-2101 Zhiguli cars were produced on April 19, 1970. The mass production of Kopeks began in August, and by the end of the year, 21,530 Edinichek were produced. The first models had a 4-cylinder engine with a volume of 1198 cm³ of 60 hp and a maximum speed of 140 km / h. Objectively, the VAZ-2101 surpassed other Soviet production cars of the turn of the sixties - seventies in terms of technical level and quality, especially in interior trim, but in terms of durability and maintainability, it was inferior to them. VAZ-2101 was produced until 1982.

In 1972, the second model of the Volga Automobile Plant came out - VAZ-2102 - a five-door station wagon, produced until 1985. The popularity and fame of "the best friend of summer residents" eventually passed to the VAZ-2102 receiver represented by the fourth model VAZ.

In the same year, the production of "Treshka" - VAZ-2103 (Lada 1500 in export version) began. Its base 72-horsepower engine reached a speed of 100 km / h in 17 seconds, making the model the most dynamic of the mass Soviet cars those years and comparable in dynamics with Western counterparts. For 12 years, 1 304 899 cars of the "third" model were produced. It is worth noting a very interesting modification, which, however, was not accepted - the VAZ-2103 Porsche. The VAZ-2103 version proposed by Porsche in 1976 without all the chrome parts. For a long time, the VAZ-2103 was deservedly considered a comfortable, reliable and dynamic car, and some connoisseurs of the brand consider it the most elegant and stylish model of the VAZ in general.

The very first car VAZ-2106 was assembled in December 1975, and the mass production of new items began on the third line of the conveyor on February 21, 1976. On December 28 of the same year, a copy of this model became the three-millionth car produced by the Volga Automobile Plant, and on June 3, 1978 . - four million. On May 17, 1979, one of the VAZ-2106, sent to Czechoslovakia, became the millionth Soviet car delivered to the CMEA countries. No one could have imagined such a superpopularity of an indistinguishable car that replaced the third model. Relatively powerful engine VAZ-2106 with a volume of 1.6 liters and 75 hp. allowed a maximum speed of 152 km / h. This model was produced until 2006. There were 7 serial modifications and 3 non-standard ones, one of which is the so-called "Half of the seventh" - the only copy made by special order of someone from the Politburo after the demonstration of the experienced VAZ-2107 to the top leadership of the USSR in 1979.

Small-scale production of the VAZ-2105 began in October 1979, full-scale deployed in January 1980 and lasted until December 30, 2010. "Five" became the second generation of "Zhiguli", equipped with a 1.29 liter carburetor engine with a power of 63.6 hp. and a 4-speed gearbox. About 14 modifications were produced, which differed from the basic version in various engines. Among them, we can highlight the sports LADA 2105 VFTS (LADA-VFTS) - with a 1.6-liter forced engine, 160 hp. (at 7000 rpm), 164.8 N.m (at 5500 rpm)) and spur teeth 4 and 5 stepped gearboxes and raliy LADA 2105 VIHUR.

In March 1982, the Volzhsky Automobile Plant began production of the VAZ-2107, which became the last model of the "classic". The seventh model was based on the VAZ-2105, but in a more luxurious and modern design. A 1.6-liter engine with a central fuel injection system made the "Seven" the fastest of the "classic" VAZ family (top speed 176 km / h). This car is also one of the best-selling in the post-Soviet market due to its simplicity, reliability and, of course, low price. After the complete closure of LADA 2107 production in Russia on April 17, 2012, this model continues to be manufactured in Egypt by the Lada-Egypt enterprise.

Serial production of the car VAZ-2104 ("Fours") was started at the Volga Automobile Plant in the second half of 1984. The model VAZ-2105 was taken as a basis, which differed in the minimum production costs and the maximum consumer effect. four-stroke carburetor engine volume of 1198 cm3 with a capacity of 58 hp. belt driven camshaft... The new model has a tailgate that opens upwards and a folding rear seat, which allowed increasing the volume of the luggage compartment from 375 to 1340 liters.

It is the VAZ-2104 that finishes the production of the "classic" line of the Volga Automobile Plant based on Izhevsk production. You can still buy a car from dealers. The basic configuration, the cost of which starts from 200,000 rubles, now includes a gasoline injection engine working volume 1600 cm³ and power 74.5 hp. complete with a manual 5-speed gearbox. VAZ-2104 is capable of reaching a maximum speed of 145 km / h and accelerating to 100 km / h in 17 seconds. The consumption of 92 gasoline should be 7.5 liters per 100 km.

Life after graduation

In 2002, Ivan Dykhovichny shot the comedy film "Kopeyka", in which a car becomes a time machine, reflecting the life of an entire generation.

On June 7, 2004, the grand opening of the world's first and only Monument to Kopeyka, the popular VAZ-2101 car in Russia, took place.

The 1971 VAZ-2101 car, prepared by the CityMotorsport team, took part in the historic car race held on the prestigious Nurburgring track on October 1, 2004. The rivals of "Kopeyka" were about 50 legendary racing cars of the past. At first, our compatriot was losing, mainly because of the low engine power, but after the rain began to play a big role was played by the art of management. As a result, the VAZ-2101 crew finished in thirtieth position and in first place in the class.

A classic in time

1972 - the beginning of production of the VAZ-2102

1972 - the beginning of production of the VAZ-2103

December 1975 - release of the very first VAZ-2106 ("Shaha" or "Shoha", "six", "ball")

October 1979 7 years - the first small-scale batch of VAZ-2105 ("Five" or "stool")

March 1982 - Volzhsky Automobile Plant began production of VAZ-2107 ("Seven", "Semera")

second half of 1984 - the beginning of production of the VAZ 2104 ("Four")

VAZ-2101 or simply "Zhiguli" is one of famous cars Soviet production, the descendants of which were produced right up to 2012. During its existence, it has undergone quite serious changes and received several awards and prizes, so let's talk about what the life of this car was like.

Union with Fiat

The very first VAZ 2101 was produced at the Volga Automobile Plant. This happened thanks to the signing in 1966 of an agreement between the Italian firm Fiat and the Soviet "Vneshnetorg" on cooperation in the development of passenger cars... It was within the framework of this agreement that the project for the construction of a plant for cars on the territory of the USSR was adopted.

According to preliminary agreements, several cars were to be produced at this plant at once. It had to be 2 cars with a sedan body in the standard configuration, and one station wagon in a luxury configuration. If we talk about where the concept of cars of the class norm came from, then the Fiat 124 was identified as a prototype, which literally next year received the title of "Car of the Year"

Why Fiat 124 did not fit

When Soviet scientists and specialists took up the study and testing of the car, which was taken as the basis for the development of their own car, several shortcomings were identified at once, which had to be eliminated when developing a car, which in the future will be called nothing but the VAZ-2101. First of all, experts drew attention to the fact that the Fiat 124 is not suitable for our roads due to the extremely small ground clearance and the complete absence of towing eyes, without which the car would be difficult to use off-road.
In addition, the car body itself was not sufficiently reliable and strong and could hardly withstand the intensity of operation that was expected for a Soviet car.

How the VAZ-2101 became better than the Fiat 124

Italian engineers took into account all the wishes of Soviet researchers and future Zhiguli got drum brakes on the rear axle, an improved front and a fundamentally new suspension on the rear axle and an improved gearbox. This is far from full list modifications that were made to Fiat124R - a Russified model of the Italian Fiat.
In total, there were more than 800 changes, and some of these comments were subsequently used personally by Fiat when developing new cars of its series. These requirements of Soviet engineers and researchers helped Fiat to collect unique information about the reliability and passability of cars of its brand in off-road conditions.

The first six VAZ-2101

The very first six cars rolled off the assembly line on April 19, 1970, so this very day can be called the birthday of the Zhiguli. It is worth noting that the first cars were only in two color options and 2 blue and 4 red cars were produced.

These first 6 prototypes showed excellent results in tests and modifications were minimal, so that already in August 1970 the plant started operating at full capacity. And the plant's capacity was really impressive. By the end of the year, 21530 cars were produced at the newly built plant in Togliatti
The plant gradually increased its turnover and by 1973 managed to produce 379,007 “Zhiguli.

Why exactly "Zhiguli"

In fact, the name of the VAZ-2101 could have been completely different. According to one version, the name was born at the plant, and was approved back in 1976, and according to the other, it was invented on a competitive basis. In 1970, the magazine Za Rulem wrote about the intermediate result of the competition. A list of 1,812 names was also published there, which were selected by the commission for consideration. In total, about 55,000 titles were sent, some of which were funny, some were funny, and some were simply ridiculous.
What could the VAZ-2101 be called:

• Violet
• Falcon
• Pervorozhets
• Memorial
• Youth
• Dream
• Directive
• Falcon

One way or another, but the final name was precisely "Zhiguli", and a little later the people called this car nothing but "Kopeyka" per unit at the end of the model number.

Modern motorists adapt the VAZ-2101 even for drifts:

Classifications and numbering

It is worth mentioning that, in addition to significant improvements compared to the Italian prototype, domestic Zhiguli became the first car produced in the USSR, which received such a document as normal OH 025370-66. This document regulated the classification and designation system of rolling stock.

Now, each new car of a series or trailer was assigned a four-digit number, the first two digits of which indicated the class of the car or trailer, and the last two - its model. Sometimes the fifth digit was also used, which said that this car was a modification of a certain model and one could immediately understand what changes were made to this particular car.

Additional digits in the number were also sometimes used. The sixth digit could show what climate the car is intended for and whether it was intended for import. In rare cases, additional numbers were added with a hyphen, which showed that this car was an intermediate modification of the car.

Comparison of VAZ-2101 (1970) and Lada granta (2012)

It is thanks to this that, looking at the inscription VAZ-21011, one can immediately understand that this car was made at the Volga Automobile Plant (VAZ), belongs to a small class of car with an engine from 1200 to 1800 cubic centimeters (21) and is the first model of this car in this class (01) with the first version of the modification, which differs from the original by installing the engine at 1300 cubic centimeters (1).

Modifications of the VAZ-2101

Throughout the history of the existence of this car, many different modifications have been released. Among them were cars designed exclusively for the needs of the plant where Lada was produced, and even such interesting solutions as Lada limousines, which were used for a long time abroad.

VAZ-2101

This is the very first version of "Kopeyka", which was very popular both among motorists and among the developers themselves. It is not surprising that this car became the basis for future modifications, because it was extremely successful. It is worth noting that the VAZ-2101 was equipped with a 1.2-liter engine.

The first modification we mentioned above. The main difference from the traditional "Kopeyka" in this model is the engine. It was much more powerful than the previous version of the car, and its volume was increased to 1.3 liters.
The car has also undergone quite strong changes in terms of design. Basically, these changes concerned improved ventilation of the cooling radiator - four additional slots appeared in front and the shape of the radiator grill was changed. Also, lanterns were installed on this modification. reverse from 1974 to 1983 inclusive.

The main difference between this modification and the VAZ-21011 is a less powerful engine, identical to that installed on the original "Kopeyka" (1.2 liters); otherwise, the changes made in 21011 were preserved in version 21013.

Lada was also produced for export, and these cars were known under the name Lada 1200 in almost all countries of the Socialist Commonwealth. First of all, they appeared in Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Hungary, and the total number of such cars totaled more than 57 thousand cars.
Over time, the Lada 1200 earned respect among foreign motorists, and very soon these cars could be seen on the roads of Germany, Austria, France and even Nigeria.

VAZ-21012 and VAZ-21014

The glory of the Zhiguli was not limited to the Soviet Union. Especially for countries with left-hand traffic two modifications of the Zhiguli were released at once. First of all, they differed in the right-hand steering wheel and the reinforced spring suspension of the right front wheel... The fact is that when the controls were moved to the other side, the mass of the car began to be distributed unevenly and it was necessary to organize such a compensation system. In total, these cars were produced from 1974 to 1982.

Nothing in the Soviet Union was wasted, and even defective Zhiguli. Instead of being written off due to body defects, they were converted into pickups and later used for the needs of the factory. The entire rear part of the roof just behind the front seats was simply cut off and a new cab wall was installed. The rear doors were welded to increase the rigidity of the structure, and as a result, the carrying capacity of such pickups could be 300 kg.
Of course, such cars did not go into series production, but some amateurs even independently carried out such improvements over their "Kopeks".

"Limousine" VAZ 2101

No matter how comical it sounds, but cars of this modification not only existed, but also enjoyed immense popularity in Cuba. Here they were used as route taxis and coped with this task quite easily.

Many interesting stories walks about this car, which has managed to fall in love with domestic motorists, but the most unusual of these facts should be described separately, because Kopeyka, although already out of production, is still often found on our roads.

Starter and starting handle

The Soviet auto industry cannot be accused of lack of foresight. In the repair tool bag that came with the car, one could find starting handle... Of course, this could horrify foreigners, but the instructions said that it was intended solely for starting the car in very cold winters or after a long parking. According to the authors of the instructions, it was necessary to turn the handle several times with the neutral gear and the ignition off, after which it was possible to carry out a normal start using the starter

Suspended accelerator pedal and washer

An accessory such as a suspended accelerator pedal appeared only in the VAZ-21011. Before that, in the traditional kopeck, the gas pedal was with a floor installation. The floor washer button also appeared along with the first modification of the car, because before that it was located on the dashboard next to the washer mode switch and the light switch.

Foreign spare parts in the VAZ-2101

Naturally, not all the parts used for the production of the first Zhiguli were domestic. Under the hoods of some Kopek you could find Weber carburetors, some cars were equipped with non-collapsible shock absorbers foreign production, which were much more reliable and durable than domestic ones. The same situation happened with spark plugs.

Curiosities with the logo

In total, there were three types of emblems for the Zhiguli. The most famous of them was a silvery boat on a ruby ​​background, which has flaunted on all VAZ-2101s since 1971. But the fact is that on 1970 cars the issued badge was also supplemented with the inscription "Togliatti". There were very few such emblems, since a year later it was ordered to remove the inscription unmasking the location of the car plant, which at that time was considered an extremely important strategic object. A car with such a logo is a real rarity.

However, an even rarer logo is a mistakenly made logo with the Cyrillic letter "I" replaced by the Latin "R". This happened due to the fact that the first batch of emblems was ordered at the Fiat plant in Turin, and there the Italians, through an oversight, simply confused the letters. All the emblems, and there were about 30 of them, were simply dismantled by VAZ employees for souvenirs and now this emblem is very much appreciated, but it is almost impossible to get it.

Overall rating of the VAZ-2101

According to the general assessments of motorists and experts, the VAZ-2101 became a real breakthrough and triumph in the Soviet automotive industry. Even young motorists, who received a license quite recently, could use this car practically without restrictions. The limitations concerned only the speeds during the running-in of the car. Thanks to Kopeyka, Soviet motorists realized that even in a small car one can feel comfortable, stay warm in winter and talk in the cabin without raising their voices. Of course, in many respects it was the merit of our Italian partners, because our Zhiguli took a lot from Fiat 124.

Starting the engine in winter period no longer turned into a ritual with blowtorches and buckets of hot water, as it was before. With the advent of the VAZ-2101, motorists even managed without a starter handle, which for the most part became possible thanks to the Weber 32 DCR two-chamber carburetor, which were more advanced than their Soviet counterparts of that era.
These carburetors began later to be produced in the Soviet Union under the mark DAAZ-2101, and over time they even migrated under the hoods of the Volga and other domestic cars, where they were carefully installed by the hands of motorists.

In general, the appearance of the VAZ-2101 was a real breakthrough in the car market in the Soviet Union, and even now not everyone has abandoned this car and they can still be found on the streets of cities.

In the 60s of the last century, several brands of cars were produced in the USSR. "Cossacks", "Volga" and "Muscovites" will forever remain in the memory of the citizens of our country as nostalgia for those distant times. But at that time there were not enough cars. It was almost impossible to find them on the open market. Cars were distributed according to lists at large enterprises.

To meet the growing demand for four-wheeled vehicles, the country's leadership decided to build a new car plant. According to the idea, he was supposed to take the main place in the production industry. passenger cars... It is from this moment that the history of AvtoVAZ begins. Its construction took place very quickly (2 times faster than planned). Equipment for technological cycles was created not only at factories in the USSR, but also at a number of other socialist states, as well as in the countries of the USA and Europe.

Establishment of the plant

It was decided to build the Volzhsky Automobile Plant in the city of Togliatti. For this, the country's leadership entered into an agreement in August 1966 with the Italian concern Fiat, which helped in the construction of the auto giant. They not only had to build a huge full-cycle production, start up the appropriate equipment, but also train personnel.

The history of AvtoVAZ in Togliatti, even at the stage of creation, experienced a small incident. The fact is that the emblem for new brand cars were invented by Soviet artists. The idea for the sketch belonged to one of the capital's leaders A. Dekalenkov. But the Italians had to make these logos. Fiat created the first thirty emblems with a mistake. In the name of the city "Togliatti" the letter "I" ended up as the letter "R". The marriage was replaced very quickly.

The name of the plant was not chosen by analogy with others. Soviet production, which were called, for example, Ulyanovsk or Gorkovsky. This was done for reasons of political correctness. Otherwise, "inappropriate jokes could not have been avoided."

Beginning of work

Personnel training began even before the construction of the plant was completed. Thanks to the tireless work of the workers, in 1970 the first 6 "kopecks" were produced - famous car"Zhiguli" - VAZ-2101.

The demand for machines was such that sales limited only production possibilities. During the first year, 100 thousand of them were produced.

In 1973, the VAZ-2101 began to be supplied to the world market. However, this brand had to be renamed into Lada. The name "Zhiguli" in French sounded like "Gigolo" (a man dancing for money).

Over time, the Lada brand began to be produced for the domestic consumer as well. Zhiguli ceased to be produced.

Increasing production turnover

In 1980, an Olympiad was held in the USSR and was put on the assembly line "Five" (VAZ-2105). However, although these models were in enviable demand, the "six" (VAZ-2106) became the most popular in the entire history of the plant's work. It was released into mass production in 1976.

The production capacity of AvtoVAZ was provided by five factories. From 1966 to 1991, it included the Avtonormal Belebeyevsky plant, the Skopinsky and Dmitrovgrad auto-aggregate plants, the VAZ CHP and AvtoVAZagregat.

"Penny" and "Troika"

Remembering everything (in the entire history of the auto giant's existence), one cannot but pay tribute to its first offspring. These were VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2103. The first in the last two digits of the model number is popularly nicknamed "Kopeyka". The second car began to be called "three".

"Kopeyka" was a sedan model adapted to the conditions of Soviet roads. The ground clearance of the domestic car was increased from 110 to 175 mm. Also, the developers have strengthened the brakes and suspension. This car was a symbol of the Soviet era of 70s automobiles. "Kopeyka" became the ancestor of sedans with rear wheel drive and universal "classic" models.

A short time after the first Kopeyka rolled off the assembly line, the Troika was put into serial production. At that time it was called a "luxury" model. It was a thoroughly revised “kopeck”. Particular attention was paid to had four headlights, chrome elements and an improved instrument panel.

Further improvements to the models

After the first two were released, the history of AvtoVAZ includes several more popular versions of "Kopeyka". After its serious restyling, the VAZ-2104, 2105, 2106 and 2107 were put on the conveyor. The most popular among them was the "Six". It was the prototype for the Fiat 124 Speciale. For more than 30 years of production of this model, 4.3 million VAZ-2106 were sold.

The other three car brands also sold well. The designers developed rectangular headlights that were fashionable at that time. The salon has also been seriously redesigned. The engine of the cars was also modernized. "Six" and today is considered a fairly popular car.

80s models

The history of AvtoVAZ in the 80s of the last century tells about a new stage of production. At this time, a completely new generation of Sputnik vehicles was developed. For the corresponding index in the number, like in previous models, people christened the car "eight". It was characterized by a wedge-shaped front end. For this, the VAZ-2108 was also called a "chisel".

The model had a new engine and gearbox. She had front-wheel drive... The shape of the car was more aerodynamic than previous cars. The body had a power structure. This model was developed by the auto giant in cooperation with Porsche. The Germans helped the domestic manufacturer to create everything except the design.

After some time, the VAZ-2108 with a five-door hatchback and sedan body went on sale.

In the late 1980s, the small-displacement "Oka" was developed. Its prototype was the 1980 Daihatsu Cuore. Subsequently, apart from AvtoVAZ, Oka was also produced by SeAZ and KAMAZ.

Plant after the collapse of the USSR

Many large and small industries, including AvtoVAZ, experienced the collapse. The history of the plant shows that the giant of automotive technology experienced a deep and protracted crisis at this time.

The fact is that in the sad days for AvtoVAZ, the plant was faced with such a concept as "competition". Up to this point, the Soviet consumer purchased cars that came off the assembly line very quickly. But now a stream of fashionable, albeit used, foreign-made cars has poured into the country.

In Soviet times, domestically produced passenger cars were little improved. Therefore, in comparison with imported cars, they did not stand up to criticism. The plant faced the need to cut production volumes. More than 25% of jobs were cut. Even state support did not help. To equalize the demand for foreign and domestic cars, high customs duties were introduced. But it didn't help much.

Working in a crisis

The history of AvtoVAZ tells of really hard days for the company. Insufficient demand for obsolete car models, the struggle for ownership of the enterprise did not help to overcome the crisis.

Moreover, the crisis in the financial system further contributed to the deterioration of affairs. The state strongly supported the dying production. But the accumulated internal and external problems could not be solved only by these measures.

Cases of mass theft of products and components were recorded. These were huge sums even for such a large enterprise. In 2009, the decline in sales was a record 39% compared to 2008.

A huge investment was required to save the country's largest car factory. Anti-crisis measures were developed. Having solved its internal and external problems, the company could get back on its feet.

Way out of the crisis

AvtoVAZ experienced a long and deep crisis. The history of the plant has more than 15 years of decaying, unpromising production in conditions of insufficient demand. However, a way out was found. In July 2009, an agreement was reached between Russian Technologies and Renault-Nissan. It was decided to increase the authorized capital of AvtoVAZ. It was invested 240 million euros by Renault-Nissan (this amounted to 25% of all shares) and three times the amount of Russian Technologies (while increasing its share in the authorized capital by 44%). Troika Dialog lost 17.5% of its share.

In addition, it was decided to give the post of chief designer to Steve Mattin, who previously held a similar position in such world companies as Mercedes and Volvo. A period of gradual revival began.

AvtoVAZ, whose history of creation and work has known many ups and downs, during the crisis is characterized by a small update of models. So, in the early 90s of the last century, the VAZ-2110 became one of the few new models. It was a sedan based on the G8. This car had a rather original body and interior design.

After him, for about 10 years, the production did not know significant updates. The crisis that befell the formerly flourishing plant affected all spheres of its activity. Only in 2003, on the basis of the joint venture "GM-AvtoVAZ", was put into mass production Chevrolet niva... A year later, the production of sedans, hatchbacks and station wagons of the Kalina type was launched in Togliatti.

2007 marks the release of a new model of the auto giant Lada priora... To stimulate consumer demand in 2011, Kalina was replaced by its cheaper version of Grant. In 2012, a modified version was launched into production Renault logan universal type Lada Largus.

AvtoVAZ Museum

The AvtoVAZ concern has a rich history. Therefore, it is not surprising that it has its own museum. It is one of the largest such institutions in our country. The AvtoVAZ History Museum is located in Togliatti. It is dedicated to the well-known not only domestic, but also foreign brand "Lada".

This museum contains only exhibits that are especially significant for the history of the plant. There are the first models "Grant", "Largus", "Kalina" produced after the collapse of the USSR. Also in the museum you can find cars that are no longer in production, but you can hardly see them on the streets of cities in our country.

The entire history from the first day of the plant's operation to the present time is kept within the walls of the famous museum. The first "cherry" kopeck, sold through the corporate network of the enterprise, is now exhibited here. It was operated by its owner for about 19 years. He donated it to the museum in 2000, for which he received as a gift new car just started to go on sale.

Some interesting facts

A brief history of AvtoVAZ would be incomplete without some interesting facts... For example, the Niva (or VAZ-2121) was the only domestic car ever sold in Japan.

The city in which the car plant was built was previously called Stavropol. But in 1964 it was renamed in honor of the General Secretary of the Italian Communist Party P. Togliatti. He died while visiting the Artek children's camp during negotiations for a future joint venture.

The chief designer of the Niva PM Prusov says that this name was given to the car after the first letters of the name of his daughters (Nina and Irina), as well as the sons of the first chief designer of the production (Vadim and Andrey).

Concern today

Having gone through a deep crisis, the concern is gradually getting back on its feet. The history of AvtoVAZ deserves respect. After all, in spite of everything, the cars coming off its conveyors were a symbol of that era. Perhaps now they are somewhat behind their foreign counterparts. But with the right approach, it will be possible to improve the automotive industry.

The largest passenger car manufacturer in our country has a future. With the right approach, it can bring big profits to the country. After all, even such old models as the "six" and "seven" are still in demand both among the citizens of our country and on the territory of all post-socialist countries. Therefore, applying new technologies, developing new models with improved qualities of both mechanisms and design, the auto giant can be brought to a new level.

The choice fell on FIAT mainly for political reasons: the Communist Party of the USSR supported the parties of other capitalist developed countries, especially Italy and France. The leaders of foreign communist parties needed new jobs, and the construction of a plant in Togliatti solved their problems. built a plant, provided all the necessary documentation, consulted with VAZ engineers and participated in the development of new models. The first batch of logos was also produced in Italy, which raised collectors' interest.

The prototype of the VAZ 2101 was the FIAT 124 model 1966 with a 1.2-liter engine and entry-level interior trim. In 1965 it was awarded the title "Car of the Year".

On January 3, 1967, the construction of the Volga Automobile Plant was announced by the All-Union Shock Komsomol Construction Project. Thousands of people were sent to the construction, mostly young people. And on January 27 of the same year, the first cubic meter of land was taken out for the construction of the first workshop.

Since 1969, labor collectives began to form, the installation of equipment produced at 844 domestic plants and 900 plants of the Commonwealth, by firms from Italy, Germany, England, the USA, France and other countries, continued.

On March 1, 1970, the first ten bodies left the welding shop, and on April 19, they left the main conveyor. the first 6 car VAZ 2101. The car and its modifications were named "Zhiguli", after the name of the mountains near Togliatti.
The Zhiguli were very similar to the Fiat 124, but it was only in appearance.
The vehicles were assembled from fully localized parts, with no supply from Fiat. But some of the parts were not produced in the USSR, but in other socialist countries. For example, in 1967 in Poland, the Polski Fiat 125P, which was very similar to the Zhiguli, was already produced; it could carry Latin symbols, which was the reason for the appearance of the legend of Fiat kopecks.
Later, parts from the USSR began to be supplied to Polish Fiats, for example, recessed door handles.
The FIAT design underwent many changes before becoming Zhiguli. Even in the early stages of testing, it was clear that Fiat was not for our roads. Its body was very weak, it had to be strengthened, as well as the suspension.
Has been increased ground clearance from 164 to 175 mm, the rear disc brakes were replaced with drum brakes, more durable and protected from the effects of sand and dirt. As testified by the testers, the rear pads were enough for 500-600 km on a bad road, they were simply erased to metal. The door handles were made recessed, which made them harmless, a rear-view mirror appeared outside.

The camshaft moved from bottom to top, the distance between the cylinders increased, while maintaining the engine displacement of 1.2 liters, the cylinder diameter was increased from 73 to 76 mm with a power of 64 hp.
In the transmission, the diameter of the clutch disc was increased from 182 to 200 mm. The three-link suspension has been changed to a five-bar suspension. Instead of two jacks on the sides, there are four.
V front bumper a hole appeared under the "crooked" starter, fangs and towing eyes appeared. The seats, in contrast to the Fiat ones, began to unfold. In total, more than 800 changes were made, which significantly strengthened the structure, and made it 90 kg heavier, from 855 to 945 kg.

The bulk of the modifications were made by Italian specialists, with the participation of Soviet ones, which made it possible to learn from the experience and use it in subsequent developments.

On October 28, 1970, the first echelon with Zhiguli was sent to Moscow. With an estimated construction of 6 years, the plant was launched 3 years earlier.

On March 24, 1971, the State Commission accepted the first stage in operation, which will produce 220,000 vehicles per year.

In 1971, the export of Zhiguli to Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia and the German Democratic Republic began. Later in Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Egypt, Great Britain, Nigeria.
Due to the different languages ​​of buyers, the name "Zhiguli" was changed to "LADA" / "LADA".

On December 22, 1973, the plant was officially adopted by the State Commission with excellent marks after the release of the millionth car of the VAZ brand, and by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

In the 70s "Zhiguli" were the most comfortable and reliable of the Soviet cars. It was prestigious to have a Zhiguli, it spoke of well-being and prosperity in the family. For most of the male population, this was a dream. Foreign roots attracted buyers of the VAZ 2101 even more. But at first they were a little afraid of the Zhiguli, due to insufficient experience in servicing.

Experienced motorists confidently said that the Zhiguli was not for our roads, but later it turned out that they were made not only for our roads, but also for our off-road.

There is a guarantee and service! Among the positive features of the "Zhiguli" were: a small amount of maintenance work, the drivers were surprised that in winter they did not need to drain the water at night, they first learned the taste of antifreeze and received wheels for the whole year round. Also, "Zhiguli" were distinguished by smooth running, good dynamics and controllability, which made it possible to overtake the "Moskvich" and "Volga" forever. The interior was comfortable, the interior heater worked perfectly. I was also glad that in the USSR they learned how to make fittings and high-quality fasteners, after buying a Zhiguli there was no need to stretch it. The build quality at the beginning of production was excellent, but in subsequent years it deteriorated, not only at VAZ, but in the industry as a whole.

In 1974, an updated version of the "Zhiguli" - VAZ 21011 was released, with a 1.3 liter engine and 69 hp.

For 13 years of production, about 3 million VAZ 2101 cars were produced. The production of VAZ 21011 was discontinued in 1981, 2101 in 82, later only a modification of the VAZ 21013 was produced.

VAZ 2101 and sports.

At the beginning of 1971, a racing modification of the Zhiguli was released, it took part in the European rally "TOUR EUROPE - 71", where our team won the silver cup. With participation in the subsequent competitions "TOUR OF EUROPE - 73" Soviet athletes won gold and silver.

In road-ring races "Kopeyka" took part for the first time in 1972 in the USSR championship. In those days, no one yet knew how to force VAZ engines, and the "Muscovites" had the advantage on the highways. But over time, the secret of forcing the "Zhiguli" was unraveled, the riders learned how to prepare their VAZs, and the AZLK teams were no longer able to resist the "pennies" and fell behind forever.

At the races of the "Cup of Friendship of the Socialist Countries" things were not very good. Three Czechoslovak riders won any race in their factory Skoda 130 RS, only swapping places in the top three. Powerful and lightweight Skodas were created especially for the ring. Soon they switched to other European competitions, and their place was taken by other athletes from Czechoslovakia, on our Ladas. They drank a lot of blood from our riders, but still it was possible to win them, this was proved more than once by Soviet athletes.

Interestingly, the factory racers often had to share medals with "loners" from other cities. They made up strong competition in the races. And all because there was no professional sports in the USSR, they could only be engaged in having defended the shift at the machine. And the sports sections of the VAZ were not subdivisions of the plant, but just clubs of motorists, and the invaluable experience of improvements was very rarely embodied in improving the design of production cars.

What was the tuning VAZ 2101 in the early 70s?

Our motorists knew how to negotiate with the heads of various large firms that had access to abroad. Reinforced and modified camshafts were brought to us especially for the competition. They were brought from different countries, of course everything was illegal, and therefore tuning the Zhiguli was very expensive. Someone brought camshafts, they changed to a rigid suspension, which, in turn, changed to other parts, more reinforced. The rubber was from "space", i.e. unavailable, were added to the queue several months in advance.

Some "Kulibins" made camshafts according to their technology, changed, sold. They also made homemade magnesium discs, which were very expensive in Europe.

Only in our time, tuning parts have become generally available, and we can choose any part to fit our parameters. Thanks to those people who, in the early 70s, were not afraid to achieve better performance from their "kopecks", they were Soviet athletes and enthusiasts !!!

Watch a video about a penny!

The history of the establishment of OJSC "AvtoVAZ" has its roots deep in the middle of the XX century. The large domestic one is still considered one of the most important manufacturers of passenger cars not only in Russia, but throughout Eastern Europe. Open Joint Stock Company "AvtoVAZ" is subject to the foreign alliance Renault-Nissan. It is worth noting that this plant originally had a completely different name - Volzhsky Automobile Plant - however, it existed for about 5 years, and was immediately changed to the Volga Association for the production of passenger cars "AvtoVAZ", and then - to the name of the 50th anniversary of the USSR. That was due to the decree of the Presidium of the RSFSR.

Car production at the AvtoVaz company began in the middle of the 20th century.

The history of the plant

The history of VAZ begins, naturally, with the LADA car - the very first car that left the assembly line of JSC AVTOVAZ. During its existence, the concern has undergone many renovations and reconstructions, the plant has gone through difficult times of crisis, however, it has never stopped production. Today the company, which is considered to be the owner of the Renault-Nissan alliance, already produces not one car model, but as many as four: Renault, Datsun, Nissan and LADA. The main production workshop and the administrative complex are located in a large Russian city with an Italian name - Togliatti.

It was here that the first assembly workshop was built in 1966 LADA cars... The leadership of the USSR, after lengthy discussions, decided to build a domestic automobile plant, the main function of which was the production of inexpensive ones, which citizens could acquire for personal use. At that time, the market could offer Russians extremely expensive cars that came from abroad in small batches, which significantly limited the circle of owners. The cars made in Russia were supposed to quickly absorb the high demand of compatriots for relatively affordable cars.

Even before the start of construction of AvtoVAZ, business relations were established with the Fiat concern. Under the signed contract, the Italian manufacturer was engaged in the most important elements erection: developed a technical project, provided the necessary equipment, relevant technical documentation, and, in addition, by his own example, trained the required specialists. The first models of AvtoVAZ, of course, were built on the basis of Fiat.

Construction of an object

At the beginning of 1967, almost every resident of Russia knew about the construction of the largest Komsomol object - the construction of a plant for the production domestic cars... It is worth noting the speed with which the construction site developed day after day. To ensure construction in an accelerated and extremely compressed time period, almost 850 machine-building plants located in different cities were involved Soviet Union, as well as 900 foreign concerns, each of which supplied the necessary equipment.

Three years later, the first car, a Zhiguli, which was named VAZ 2101, rolled off the assembly line of the plant. The model largely copied the design of the Fiat-124. Its main difference was the use of domestic components, which, according to the assurances of Russian designers, gave the VAZ 2101 800 significant differences. In addition, the car was equipped not with disc brakes, but with drum brakes, had a significantly higher ground clearance, suspension and a powerful body. All the differences made it possible to make the VAZ 2101 more adapted to the harsh realities of the Russian climate.

History of models of Russian AvtoVAZ

The history of the plant begins in 1969, when the initial collectives of the plant workers were formed. The majority of the workers were young people who took an active part in the construction of the building. The installation of a huge number of various production equipment was carried out with the help of foreign colleagues. The plant involved employees from firms and companies not only in Italy, but also in Germany, France and England.

March 1 is considered a significant day for the domestic automaker; in 1970, it was on this day that 10 new bodies were produced - the foundations for future cars. The main role in this process was played by the welding shop, after only 1.5 months, on April 19 of the same year, the first VAZ 2101 cars were produced.

The history of the Volga Automobile Plant models begins with the Zhiguli car - the ancestor of the VAZ 2101. The car had 5 seats for passengers (including the driver). The four-door sedan was equipped with a 1.2 liter carburetor power unit. Back in 1965, the Model was named Car of the Year.

The domestic VAZ 2101 had drum brakes, which contributed to long-term trouble-free operation, and a five-bar rear suspension. In addition, significant updates have undergone:

• design of synchronizers in the gearbox;
• outer diameter complete with clutch linings;
• clearance, which has increased by more than 10 mm;
• drive axle, which has undergone a complete modernization.

However, the most important change has been made to the powertrain design of the Fiat 124. VAZ motor acquired overhead camshaft, increased distance between the cylinders and their inner diameter.

The car appeared: an outside mirror for a better view of the rear view, towing eyes, wider doors, roomy trunk, door handle recesses, folding seats.

The final weight of the VAZ 2101 was 945 kg. This model later became the basis on which the entire family of the "classic" category was created. Throughout the history of the plant, 2,700,000 models were produced.

During its existence, the VAZ 2101 has undergone many modifications:

• VAZ 21011, although it had a distinctive design and engine, with a volume of 1.3 liters;
• VAZ 21013 - an analogue of VAZ 21011, equipped with a power unit of model 2101;
• VAZ 21016 was equipped with the same engine as model 21011, but resembled 2101 in external characteristics;
• VAZ 21018 and 21019 had uncharacteristic rotary power units, in addition, for some time the production of a large number of export versions with right-hand drive was established;
• VAZ 2101-94, which was designed for the needs of the Soviet police, was equipped with a 2103 engine.

VAZ 2101-94 released specifically for the police

The history of the creation of AvtoVAZ directly depends on the Italian concern Fiat, apparently, this led to the creation of model 2102, which became a full licensed version of the foreign car Fiat 124 Familiare. VAZ 2102 first appeared on Russian market in 1971.

The updated car reminded many of the equipment of the basic version of the sedan 2101. Remained without significant changes dashboard and a place for the driver. To simplify loading - unloading of things into the luggage compartment was made possible by the elongated edge of the door reaching the bumper. The increase in cargo area was achieved thanks to a fold-out solid rear seat. Backdoor was equipped with a sign with a number and vertically positioned lanterns. The suspension springs and all the shock absorbers were reinforced in comparison with 2101, so that it was possible to transport 250 kg of cargo with a couple of passengers in the car.

The gasoline power unit had an output of 64 liters. with. and worked for AI-93. Since 1978, a modification of the previous model - VAZ-21021, which was equipped with a four-cylinder engine from model 21011, began to be produced. Its main purpose is to satisfy export. The car sent for sale abroad was equipped with a wiper and a device for washing the glasses of the fifth cargo door, in addition, the seats had head restraints.

The history of models, which began with the Fiat 124, which became the prototype not only of the VAZ 2101 model, but also largely served as the basis for the VAZ 2103, began with the signing of an agreement on the provision of technical project structures with full documentation for the creation of two base cars... The first of them had to correspond to the category "norm", and the other - to "luxury".

At first, there were problems at the plant that did not allow starting the full-fledged production of "triplets", in particular, the creation of parts for decorating the interior of the car was not established, which is why new model it was temporarily completed with the salon 2101 and bore the index B in its name, denoting temporary production. The basic version of the car had a power unit with a return of 72 liters. sec., reached acceleration to 100 km / h in just 15 s.

2103 appeared under the hood vacuum amplifier brake system, and the dashboard has acquired a "sporty" interface. The space from the seat to the ceiling has significantly increased, it was 86 cm.

The main distinguishing feature of the fourth model of AvtoVAZ is a tangible update of the previous version of the Zhiguli, which made it possible to create a rear-wheel drive station wagon. The production of 2104, launched in 1984, was focused on creating such conditions that contributed to the maximum reduction in the cost of car production and at the same time increased customer demand.

First of all, the roof of the body has undergone changes, its significant lengthening contributed to the placement of an additional trunk. The back door of the station wagon opened up, the driver could warm the rear windows and use the built-in wiper. The rear seat had a folding function, thanks to which the luggage compartment increased by 4 times. Now you can load the car up to 455 kg. Standard complete set was quite modest, the interior had a simple finish, a dashboard with only the most important instruments, seats with removable head restraints and ordinary rubber mats.

A few years later, the production of a station wagon modification (21047) was launched, the model had a five-speed gearbox, electrical equipment and an attractive interior appearance with original anatomical seats in front, which were borrowed from the VAZ 2107. Until 2006, the VAZ 21045 was produced, which was equipped with a diesel power unit with a volume of 1 , 52 liters, created at "Barnaultransmash".

The history of the development of AvtoVAZ would not be complete without the VAZ 2105, which, thanks to its design, became the standard of European fashion in 1980. It was this fact that contributed to the widespread promotion domestic car to the world market, although for the entire time of production, the sedan in the "classic" style did not become the most prestigious and mass model of the plant. However, before the creation of front-wheel drive VAZs, this car was considered the most progressive design.

The main features of the model are the angular features of the fenders, rectangular headlights and functional bumpers. The interior equipment was highlighted by an updated instrument panel with a voltmeter. Ventilation has gained new rectangular deflectors, and rear glass- electrical heating. The car was equipped with a four- or five-speed gearbox. For a comfortable positioning of tall drivers front seat moved back by 2 cm. basic configuration a power unit with a belt drive was provided. The most common modifications:

• 21051 - it was equipped with a 1.2 liter engine;
• 21053 - was completed with a power unit with a volume of 1.5 liters.

VAZ 2106

Another most popular and purchased among domestic consumers is the VAZ 2106 model - modification 2103. This AvtoVAZ sedan had four doors, five seats for landing, one of two checkpoints (four or five speed). The power unit 2106 is a 1.6 liter carburetor engine. From 1976 to 2002, about 4 million models were released on the market.

The 2106 had a more modern exterior and interior design than its predecessor 2103. Appearance the car acquired plastic headlight frames, an updated radiator grille and bumpers. In addition, the taillights were equipped with built-in room lighting. As for the interior design of the VAZ 2106, it is worth noting the improved sound insulation, head restraints on the front seats, the relief of all the seats and the design of the dashboard.

The modified sedan with four doors and five seats for boarding passengers was equipped with only a five-speed gearbox. The exterior of this car was different from the base model VAZ 2105 with a modified hood shape, new rear headlights, a spacious trunk, a chrome-plated radiator grill and linings.

The salon was equipped with more practical anatomical seats with new one-piece headrests, a comfortable dashboard with a speedometer (the markings reached 180 km / h) and a tachometer. The car has deflectors that provide cold air, and improved seat trim.

Initially, the 2107 model was equipped only with a carburetor engine with a volume of 1.5 liters, later, an injection power unit with a volume of 1.7 liters was installed on the VAZ 21073 intended for export.

In 2006, when the domestic car had to comply with European environmental standards, the designers of the plant began to equip the car exclusively injection motor with a volume of 1.6 liters. VAZ 2107 is still produced in Russia, being one of the most demanded models of AvtoVAZ. The high demand for the car was determined by the low cost and good level of comfort. On the market are now VAZ 2107, in the "norm" and "standard" configuration, as well as VAZ 21074, respectively, in the "norm" and "luxury" configurations.

A small car of a small class, equipped with a front-wheel drive and a non-standard transverse motor location. In recent years, its production has been stopped, the plant produces a standard model 2113. VAZ 2108 is a three-door hatchback, which is better known under the export name Lada Samara. The car is distinguished from its predecessors by reliability and safety in handling, economical fuel consumption, as well as the best corrosion resistance of the entire body.

Produced from 1987 to 2004, the car was a five-door front-wheel drive hatchback, which was capable of folding a solid rear seat turn into a station wagon model. Initially "Samara" was equipped with four-cylinder carburetor power units with eight valves, which had a volume of 1.1 liters, 1.3 liters and 1.5 liters. The car was subjected to various restyling many times, the “low” dashboard was immediately replaced by the “high” one, and then it was completely replaced by the “europanel”.

The layout of which was developed back in 1983, was a sedan in body type, which in many respects copied foreign cars Opel and Ford of the late twentieth century. The plant management could not approve such a car, which is why all the developments were sent to the archive for storage.

A year later, the designers proposed a completely new prototype 2110, however, the car, like its predecessor, did not find recognition from the management team. The appearance of the car was so impersonal that the model never got into production.

The domestic manufacturer has been supplying cars to the world market for more than a decade, having a lot of income from this. Lada 111 was no exception - this is the first station wagon of AvtoVAZ, which was a front-wheel drive export model produced since 1998.

A roomy car was intended for city and country trips, long trips, and as a car for transporting small consignments. The main advantages of this car are: high comfort, maneuverability and good grip. Luggage compartment was increased almost 3 times (1420 liters instead of 490 liters), the total carrying capacity was 500 kg.

Vaz 2113 is a three-door hatchback, which was developed by the designers of AvtoVAZ due to the numerous statements of domestic motorists. They asked to start production of updated subcompact front-wheel drive cars, which were three-door hatchbacks by body type. It is worth noting that the termination of production of model 21083 was not supported by the Russians due to the fact that the plant was never able to create an adequate replacement for it. Even today, there is an impressive demand for this car on the market.

VAZ 2114

Lada 2114 is the successor of the VAZ 2109. This five-door hatchback has optics, a radiator grille and a front spoiler borrowed from the VAZ 2115. However, the rear of the car has been significantly changed, in particular, the bumper was updated and another brake light was installed. All bumpers had the same color as the body, the car differed from its predecessors by moldings and sill fairings. The attractive elements of the interior are: a dashboard of the "Europanel" type, steering column with the possibility of regulation, steering gear borrowed from the "ten" and a new heating unit.

The new Lada Samara, the production of which began in 1990, was a full-fledged front-wheel drive sedan. The car was equipped with gasoline power units with a volume of 1.5 liters and 1.6 liters.

New models

Since 2006, the plant began production of cars of the Kalina family, which had two presentable modifications. LADA 11183 was designed as a sedan by body type, and LADA 11193 as a hatchback. Since the beginning of 2007 began LADA production 11173 - a roomy station wagon.

Today AvtoVAZ produces such cars as Lada 112 Coupe, Lada 112 (VAZ-2112), Chevrolet Niva, LADA Priora (station wagon, five-door hatchback, three-door hatchback), LADA Kalina (station wagon and sedan), LADA Kalina Sport.

Conclusion

The history of the creation of AvtoVAZ is associated with a large number of successful and popular domestic cars that have faithfully served their owners for decades. For example, Lada Granta, being relatively affordable car for practically any class of the population, during the year occupied a leading position in Russia in terms of sales. In April 2015, the AvtoVAZ concern updated its logo, so that the Vesta, which was put into mass production in just a year, will be the first model of the plant to be produced with a new logo.