The driver is obliged to do everything necessary for the safety of the passengers traveling with him in the cabin. Young children are especially at risk. There are transportation rules aimed at ensuring favorable conditions for the child’s survival in the event of an accident.
Features of transporting children in a car
To ensure safety, the following rules are established for transporting children in a car or truck:
- Children must be present in the passenger compartment, whether it is a car or a truck.
- Infants are placed in a car seat, and preschool children are placed only in a special chair.
- Children should not be placed in the back or trailer.
Particularly problematic for many parents is the need to install a car seat. You should not use various tricks to save money on this device. Neither a stroller basket, nor an airbag, nor a standard retainer will not only be able to protect you in an emergency, but will also cause harm and lead to injuries that are sometimes incompatible with life.
Since July 2017 in Russia, when transporting children to passenger car“Substitutes” for car seats are prohibited:
- boosters;
- soft chairs
- adapters.
These alternatives have been found to be ineffective
Important! Children aged 7-12 years old in a passenger car, as is clear from the legislation on the transportation of children, can be restrained standard devices car, but the passenger must sit behind the driver.
Transportation of the little ones
New parents should be especially interested in how to transport an infant in a car so that the baby does not suffer serious injuries in the event of an accident.
Newborn children are transported in a car in a car seat until they are 6 months old. It is secured along the rear seat using standard clamps. It is designed in such a way that it protects the baby from damage and secures it with its own belts. The newborn passenger is located in it in a horizontal, most comfortable position. If the horizontal position is selected, then the wide belt holding the child passes through the stomach. If the position is semi-recumbent, then fixation is carried out using a three-point belt.
The disadvantage of a car seat for infants is that it takes up significant space in the car interior and is expensive, so you can immediately purchase a car seat for children under one year old, which corresponds to a car. It has an adjustable back. It needs to be installed at an angle of 35-40 degrees. This position is as comfortable as possible for the baby, safe for the skeleton, muscles and from the point of view of creating favorable conditions in an emergency. To ease the strain on the cervical muscles of the neck, it is recommended to place fabric bolsters on the sides, but not towels.
Important! The weight of a baby when transported in his arms at the moment of emergency braking of the car increases 17 times, so he will definitely fly off his knees.
Using child seats and seat belts
Standard car seat belts are designed for people taller than 1.5 m. If you fasten a shorter person in the seat, the belts will put pressure on the neck. That is why a device is needed that will safely and securely hold a small passenger.
Important! According to the new rules on transporting children in a car, a child over 11 years old can be transported without special equipment, although previously this rule was valid up to 12 years old.
It is at the age of 11-12 that children usually grow to 1.5 m, although this can happen earlier or later.
The special device is mounted at the front or rear. It is secured either with special fastenings using the Isofix system. But the seat can only be placed forward with the airbag turned off, otherwise it will cause damage in the event of an accident. A pillow is only needed if there is no child seat when the passenger is fastened with standard seat belts.
Important! The safest and most preferred place to install the device is considered to be the central place in the back seat.
Car seats are divided into 5 classes. Each class is designed for a certain age and weight of the passenger.
Important! Buying a product for growth is unacceptable.
| Class | 0 | 0+ | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Weight, kg) | 0-10 | 0-13 | 9-18 | 15-25 | 22-36 |
| Age (g) | 0-1 | 0-1,5 | 1-4 | 3-7 | 7-11 |
| Peculiarities | Three-point seat belt | Three-point belt and reclining position, can be set with the backrest in the direction of travel | Five-point harness | Backrest height adjustable and fastened with standard seat belt | You can unfasten the backrest and leave only the booster |
It is recommended to select a device together with your baby. He should be comfortable in a chair, because driving a car is also possible. The most popular models are transformers, as they can carry a child weighing from 9 to 36 kg. They are able to grow with him.
When choosing a holding device, the main attention should be paid to the strength of the frame and the presence of a certificate indicating that it has passed the tests. Next, they take a closer look at the upholstery. – it is desirable that natural, breathable materials are used when sewing it. Various “conveniences”, such as cup holders and pockets, will be needed last – you shouldn’t overpay for them.
Transportation of children under 7 years old
Children under 7 years of age can be transported either in the back seat of the car or in the front, but only with restraint devices such as a car seat or infant carrier. Devices are selected based on weight, height and age.
The rules regarding transporting children in car seats also apply to taxis. To prevent long troubles when calling a taxi, you should say in advance that you will have children with you and clarify their age. The taxi driver will have to come with the chair and install it.
Transportation of children from 7 to 11 years old
During this period, the child can also be transported in the front or back seat in a passenger car. But if, when transporting children in the back seat, it is not necessary to install a seat or booster (although a booster is recommended for the convenience of the passenger), then a seat must be installed in the front seat. Boosters and adapters are not allowed for use in this case.
Important! You need to make sure that the standard seat belts are secured properly and do not go through the throat. This can cause suffocation or a broken neck in an accident.
To make your words addressed to the inspector regarding age sound more convincing, it is recommended to take documents with you. A photocopy of your birth certificate will do.
Over 11 years old
Having reached the age of 11 years, a child, from a legal point of view, is considered an adult and no further devices are needed.
Features of transportation in the front seat
The first row of seats on the right is considered the most dangerous. And all because in an emergency, the driver exposes the right side of the car to impact. Rules for transporting children front seat states that children under 11 years of age must sit in a car seat in front.
On some older car models, only the front seats are equipped with standard seat belts, so you have to place the child seat in the front seat. If it is a car seat, then it can be installed against the direction of travel, with the back facing the airbag. The airbag must be turned off.
Note! If possible, sit the baby back and do not listen to persuasion, think about safety.
Is it possible to leave children in the car?
The main rule: infants and preschoolers should not be left alone in the car for more than 5 minutes. Even if a child is sleeping, he can wake up, damage property and harm himself. Experience shows what can happen:
- Hijacking. An attacker in a hurry will not even notice the sleeping baby in the back seat and will leave the parking lot with him.
- Road accident. You can never predict what kind of prank will arise in the head of a preschooler during the absence of an adult. Even a completely reasonable child, copying the actions of an adult, can recklessly start the car, press the gas, take it off parking brake. In the event of a fatal combination of circumstances, serious traumatic situations are possible.
- Car evacuation. A baby who is not yet able to announce his presence or is sleeping may well be evacuated along with the car. And such cases are not uncommon.
- Accidents. Car - technical device, running on flammable liquid and stuffed with dangerous elements from the inside. The same first aid kit and fire extinguisher pose a serious threat to a child’s health. There are known cases of strangulation due to seat belts and power windows. Banal parking of a car in a parking lot can lead to suffocation. The temperature in a closed car rises to 60-70 degrees in a short time.
Fine for violating the rules for transporting children
Failure to comply with the rules is punishable by a fine. Even if the design does not provide fasteners or straps for installing a child seat, this does not serve as an excuse for its absence. If previously a car owner had to pay only 500 rubles, now he will pay at least 3,000. And if he drives the car by proxy, the amount will increase even more. Moreover, you will have to pay not only for the absence of a chair, but also for its installation not according to the rules. They will also be fined for using devices that do not comply with the law.
If the inspector decides to fine you for leaving a child in the car, the fine amount will be 500-2500 rubles. But in order to increase the indicators, a criminal case may even be initiated (leaving in danger), and this is a real case and an impressive fine or sentence.
Only a car seat can sufficiently protect a child in a moving car, so the driver should not be afraid of a fine, but of what could happen to a small passenger if he is not sitting in a car seat at the time of the accident.
All participants traffic, both pedestrians and drivers with passengers, especially when transporting children in a car, are all exposed to various kinds of dangers along the way. Accidents and accidents occur even for no apparent reason. They are always unexpected, meaningless, offensive, and most importantly, they can lead to big problems. In order to protect everyone in the car and reduce the risk of serious consequences, you should strictly follow the traffic rules.
The driver's task is to ensure that adult passengers use seat belts. If there are children in the car, arrange them in the safest way possible. When traveling in a car with children, you must follow the rules for transporting children in a car.
Rules for transporting children in a car according to traffic rules
The most important rule regarding the transportation of children in a car: children under 12 years of age and younger must be transported in a car secured in a seat using a special restraint device.
- Children under 7 years of age may be transported in a car only in car seats and using boosters (seat belt adapters and guide straps are prohibited);
- from 7 years of age, a child, when driving in a car in the front seat, must be in a child car seat, wearing a booster or using another restraint device;
- Children over 7 years old, when driving in the back seat of a car, are allowed to be transported without car seats, using standard seat belts.
These devices are usually called car seats and infant carriers, but sometimes they simply look like seats adapted to the child’s height with a pillow and an outer triangle located on the abdomen or chest. The retaining straps are attached to this rigid apron. These non-standard designs fall under the wording “other means... that allow you to safely fasten a child with seat belts... provided for by the design of the vehicle” (clause 22.9 of the traffic rules)
How to transport a newborn in a car according to the rules
Infants (up to six months old) ride in a car while in a cradle. There are latches inside it that securely hold the child. The cradle itself is attached to the seat belts in the rear seat. The position in this case is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the car.
From six months to a year it is recommended to carry babies in a special chair, where they have the opportunity to both lie and sit. Such child restraints can even be placed in the front seat - if the mother is driving, the child will be calmer there. Moreover, the seat is installed so that the child can see either the front windshield or rear window. The second option is preferable, because causes less anxiety for the baby - he sees his mother’s (or father’s) face. Parents don't have to turn their heads to look at him either.
Important! When placing a restraint device in front, it is necessary to disable the airbag mechanism - in an emergency it can cause damage. great harm baby, severely injure him.
Rules for transporting young children in a car
Children older than a year and a half are transferred to a car seat, which will be used until they are approximately 4 years old. Typically, parents secure it securely in the back seat of the car, although it can also be carried in the front. Different backrest configurations and child restraint systems in the car eliminate the risk of injury in the event of an accident. The FEST child restraint system is especially common.
The difference in size between a one-year-old child and a four- to five-year-old child is quite significant. Therefore, when choosing a chair with a baby, you should not buy a chair “for growth”. The chair must immediately be ergonomic, and what younger child, the more important it is. If the safety curves, clamps and straps do not fall on physiologically intended areas, then the chair should be rejected and other designs should be inquired.
In some cases, an additional pillow, securely fixed inside the device, will help, which will slightly raise the child and shift the proportions. It is important that when transporting children in a car, it is possible to prevent the child from slipping out of the seat, as well as rough impact on risk areas (neck, solar plexus). The fixation in the chair should be strong and reliable, but not tight and painful.
Rules for transporting schoolchildren
It is at this age that the car seat is most often replaced with a booster - a high, rigid pillow with armrests. This device does not have its own restraint devices, but allows a child with certain parameters to “fit” into the framework of standard seat belts.
Manufacturers claim that it is possible to transport children in a booster seat from the age of 3, and some from 9 months, but reality indicates that this is premature. For small children, one belt, even the most durable and well-suited one, is not enough; it will not be able to securely and comfortably fix the position of the body.
That's why best option– transfer a student to a booster seat when the previous seat becomes too small. This fact is almost always perceived positively by the child, because clearly shows that he has grown up.
When choosing, you need to find a device in which the child will be comfortable right now, and not someday.
If it is not possible to purchase a booster, put an adapter on the seat belt. This is a fairly rigid device made of soft material that reverses the direction of the standard car seat belt. With its use, the strap does not pass through vital areas of the body and does not threaten to cause injury. In addition, the child’s fixation becomes more reliable, because The belt fits tighter.
An exception
The main criterion by which to judge the need to use child restraint devices is now not so much age as height. Car seat belts are designed for passengers over 150 cm tall. If a child under 12 years of age is taller than one and a half meters, then he no longer requires special child devices.
New rules for transporting children by bus - group transportation
New rules organized transportation groups of children by bus states that transportation of children in vehicles of organized groups of children of 8 or more people is possible only by bus. The use of micro- and minibuses as a means of transport is prohibited.
Important! This rule does not apply to private travel. large families– they most often have minivans and minibuses at their disposal. In this case, the rules for transporting children in a car apply. Also by general rules children from several families travel accompanied by their parents in a private vehicle.
The rules for the organized transportation of a group of children by bus and the rules for the transportation of schoolchildren on a bus state that the organization transporting children must have the appropriate license.
The bus is equipped with a “Children” sign on the windshield and rear window.
Before the trip is drawn up full list children and accompanying representatives from the sending organization, a route is developed indicating the places and times of stops. The documents are received by the traffic police and issued to the driver.
Each seat equipped with a seat belt. Before driving, the driver must ensure that all passengers are wearing seat belts. It is not allowed to carry passengers without providing a separate seat.
The presence of strangers on the bus is prohibited.
Transportation is carried out mainly during daylight hours.
Punishment
Failure to comply with the rules for transporting children in a car will result in a fine. Currently, its size is 3,000 rubles.
Thus, traveling with children, even for the shortest distance, must be arranged according to all the rules. The necessary safety equipment will help preserve health and life in the most difficult road situations.
Children get used to following the rules without any problems. Having become acquainted with the algorithm of actions before departure and the rules of behavior on the road during the very first trips in their lives, they cannot imagine that it could be different. This is a great way to instill rules once and for all: parents just need to always follow them.
Problems arise for some adult car enthusiasts: not everyone considers it necessary to change something in the car’s interior in order to comply with safety requirements, and not everyone is willing to spend money.
But in fairness, it must be said that most drivers treat the safety provisions and rules for transporting children in a car very responsibly. It is good practice to give not only a bathtub and a set of diapers, but also a good car seat or cradle for the birth of a child. This approach of young parents, as well as grandparents, who do not forget to install devices for their grandchildren in their cars, cannot but rejoice.
The number of motorists is growing every day. And children who grow up strictly following safety requirements will become excellent road users in the future.
What changed?
First, a new rule is being introduced that makes it illegal to leave small children unattended in a car.
Second, the features of using child seats in cars are changing.
Quote
1. Violation of the rules for stopping or parking vehicles, except for the cases provided for in part 1 of article 12.10 of this Code and parts 2 - 6 of this article, -
entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount five hundred rubles.
5. The violation provided for in Part 1 of this article, committed in the federal city of Moscow or St. Petersburg, -
entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount two thousand five hundred rubles.
In a federal city, Moscow or St. Petersburg, the driver will receive 2,500 rubles fine, in other regions - warning or 500 rubles fine
Use of seat belts and child seats.
Was 22.9. Transportation of children is permitted provided that their safety is ensured, taking into account the design features of the vehicle.
Transportation of children under 12 years of age in vehicles equipped with seat belts must be carried out using child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle, and in the front seat passenger car - only with the use of child restraints.
It is prohibited to transport children under 12 years of age on the back seat of a motorcycle.
It became 22.9. Transporting children under 7 years of age in a passenger car and cab truck, which are designed to include seat belts or seat belts and the ISOFIX* child restraint system, must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child.
* The name of the ISOFIX child restraint system is given in accordance with Technical regulations Customs Union TR RS 018/2011 "On the safety of wheeled vehicles."
Transportation of children aged 7 to 11 years (inclusive) in a passenger car and truck cab, which are designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX child restraint system, must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child , or using seat belts, and in the front seat of a car - only with the use of child restraint systems (devices) corresponding to the weight and height of the child.
The installation of child restraint systems (devices) in a passenger car and the cabin of a truck and the placement of children in them must be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions for the specified systems (devices).
It is prohibited to transport children under the age of 12 years on the back seat of a motorcycle.
Auxiliary plate| Vehicle | from 0 to 7 years | from 7 to 11 years |
|---|---|---|
| A car (front seat) | Armchair | Armchair |
| A car (backseat) | Armchair | Chair or straps |
| Freight car | Armchair | Chair or straps |
The fine for incorrectly transporting children is provided for in Part 3
On July 10, 2017 (still in effect), new rules for transporting children in a car came into force in Russia.
Amendments to the rules for transporting children are contained in Government Decree No. 761, which was signed by Dmitry Medvedev on June 28, 2017.
Main changes:
Only car seats are now allowed for transporting children (the term “other devices” is excluded from the traffic rules)
Children from 7 to 12 years old can be carried in the back seat either in a car seat or with regular seat belts.
Children under 7 years old can only be transported in a car seat, no exceptions
Children under 12 years of age can only be transported in the front seat of a car in a car seat.
Children under 7 years old are not allowed to be left alone in the car.
In 2007, our country introduced liability for the absence or malfunction of a child car seat, the fine was 500 rubles.
Starting from 09/01/2013 to this day, for failure to comply with safety rules (Article 12.23, part 3) while transporting children, the driver will be required to pay a fine of 3 thousand rubles.
Transportation of children SDA 22.9 traffic rules dated June 28, 2017 N 761
According to the law Russian Federation, “transportation of children under 7 years old in the back seat and up to 12 years old in the front seat is carried out in vehicles, equipped with seat belts, using child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle.”
Thus, in our country, small children can travel in infant carriers, car seats and boosters - seats without a backrest. The age and build of the child must correspond to the characteristics of the specific model of child car seat.
By traffic rules, the car seat must have an intact frame without internal or external damage. There are no dents or cracks that could compromise the integrity of the seat. Car seat belt straps and car seats cannot be frayed or worn out, and locks and mechanisms must be in good condition.
The Car Seat Act allows a child car seat to be secured using the Isofix system or on a special base (belt or Isofix). Devices for transporting children are certified according to established rules.
Remember:
According to traffic rules, baby car seat installed on the back seat of the car. Statistically, the seats in the middle of the back seat and behind the driver are considered the safest. A child under 12 years old cannot ride in the front passenger seat. The exception is infants who are transported in car seats secured against the direction of travel of the car. In this case, the front airbags must be disabled.
If there is a car seat in the cabin, but the baby is not transported in it - for example, the mother is holding him, this is still considered administrative offense and is punishable by a fine of 3,000 rubles. Premature and low-weight babies should not be transported in arms, but in adapted “car seats”, which have an almost completely horizontal position and are equipped with a soft insert for newborns.
Fans of car travel to different countries: In Germany, if there is no child seat in the car, you will have to pay a fine of 40 euros. In Italy, the penalty amount is 71 euros, and in France – 90. The highest fines are observed in the USA. For not having a child seat, the fine can be up to $500.
Video of transporting children in a car, traffic regulations 2019
Filming in our store, NTV channel, program "Main Road" "
The conditions and procedure for transporting small passengers in cars are regulated by generally accepted traffic rules, which require the mandatory presence of an ISOFIX system or seat belts. For any other vehicles, there is only one constant requirement - ensuring maximum security while driving, regardless of the situation on the road and the condition of the road surface.
The rules for transporting children have not changed since January 1, 2018, and the innovations that came into force in 2017 remain relevant. In particular, this applies to the previously existing requirements of UNECE No. 44-04, which must meet the systems and car seats used in vehicles, as well as the mandatory presence of markings.
The new rules provide for the identification of two age groups, for which new rules for transporting children in 2018 have been established. But upon reaching the age of 12, additional restrictions are lifted and the requirements that are provided for adults begin to apply.
The car seat installed in the car must be selected based on the weight and age of the small passenger, according to the information specified in the instructions. If this condition is not met, serious problems may arise with its operation, since it will not provide maximum safety in an extreme situation.
It is not allowed to transport an infant in a system with a weight limit of 9 kg. This is a gross violation of traffic rules, for which a fine may be issued. But a small passenger of this age can be placed in a passenger car using a special restraint device. Its incorrect installation is another serious mistake that drivers often make. First of all, this concerns the installation of the system in the front seat of a vehicle.
To ensure maximum safety, it is permissible to use cushions made of thick, smooth fabric, which can be used to secure the head of a small passenger. They are laid on two opposite sides at the same level and secured by the system. It is not recommended to use regular bath towels for these purposes, as this can lead to your head falling in, which is extremely dangerous.
The rules for transporting children from January 1, 2018, as before, prohibit the independent stay of passengers under 7 years old in a car unless there is an adult in it. But the ban applies only in case of long-term parking, and during a short stop of 3-5 minutes, the child can remain in the car, and this will not be punishable by a fine.
Age 7-12 years
If a passenger is under 12 years of age, they should not be transported in a flatbed truck as it is extremely dangerous and can cause serious injury. The same goes for the back seat of a motorcycle. At the age of 7-12 years, you can ride in the cab of a truck, subject to all possible safety measures, or in the back seat passenger car without the use of car seats or special systems. It is enough to fasten the child with a standard belt, which is equipped vehicle to ensure a secure fit to prevent injury.
The conditions for transporting children in the front seat have not undergone significant changes since January 1, 2018: a car seat must be installed in a passenger car that corresponds to the age and weight specified in the operating instructions.
When organizing a group trip (eight or more people), clause 22.6 of the traffic rules must be observed, which stipulates that only buses marked identification marks. This type of transportation is additionally regulated by a separate document, and the driver is required to contact the appropriate authorities before the trip and obtain the necessary permission.
Traffic police fines
In accordance with part 3 of Art. 12.23 of the Administrative Code, if the trip was organized with serious violations, then if they are detected, you will have to pay a fine in the range of 3 thousand - 100 thousand rubles. In this case, the driver of the vehicle may be subject to administrative penalty in the amount of 3 thousand rubles, for an official who did not pay due attention to organizational issues - 25 thousand rubles, and legal entity you will have to pay at least 100 thousand rubles. (primarily this applies to taxi drivers carrying out legal activities).
The independent presence of a small passenger in a car is a violation of the rules of parking and stopping (Articles 12.19.1 and 12.10 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). In this case, a warning may be issued or a fine of 500 rubles may be imposed. And in St. Petersburg and Moscow, the driver will have to pay 2.5 thousand rubles, since a different rule of law will be used when calculating the fine (Article 12.19). In the future, new rules for transporting children from 2018 will include this violation in a separate article of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
Video about innovations:
