10.3.1. For service braking, move the driver's crane handle (RKM) from the train position to the V position and reduce the pressure in the UR from the installed charger by the required amount, after which the RKM is transferred to
IV position. Perform the first stage of braking by reducing the pressure in the SD: in loaded trains - by 0.5-0.9 kgf / cm 2, empty - by 0.5-0.6 kgf / cm 2, on steep long descents - 0.7- 0.9 kgf / cm 2 depending on the steepness of the descent.
On a flat track profile with descents of up to 0.008, when following a green light at a traffic light or on a free lane, it is allowed to perform the first stage of braking (except for checking the action of the brakes) by 0.3-0.5 kgf / cm 2.
The second stage, if necessary, is performed after at least 5-7 seconds after the end of the air release from the TM through the driver's valve.
If the driver's crane has the UA position, then after receiving the necessary discharge of the UR V position in order to stabilize the pressure in the UR, in the overlap position and preventing the spontaneous release of the automatic brakes, it is allowed to hold the RKM in the UA position for 5-8 seconds before transferring it to the IV position.
10.3.2. Repeated braking is performed in the form of a cycle consisting of braking and release, when the required train speed is reached.
If, when the auto brakes were released with an overestimated pressure in the line, the time for recharging the working chambers of the BP in the flat mode was less than 1.5 minutes, then the next stage of braking was performed by reducing the pressure in the SD by 0.3 kgf / cm 2 more than the previous stage.
10.3.3. In order to prevent the depletion of automatic brakes in the train when following a descent, on which repeated braking is performed, it is necessary to maintain a time between braking of at least 1.5 minutes to recharge the TM of the train.
To fulfill this requirement, do not make frequent braking and do not release the automatic brakes at high speeds. The time of continuous movement of the train with a constant step of braking on the descent in the flat mode of the air distributors should, as a rule, not exceed 2.5 minutes; if more prolonged braking is required, increase the TM discharge by 0.3-0.5 kgf / cm 2 and, after a sufficient decrease in speed, release the automatic brake.
10.3.4. When controlling automatic brakes on prolonged descents of 0.018 and steeper, where the set charging pressure in TM is 6.0-6.2 kgf / cm 2, perform the first stage of braking at the speed set in local instructions and regime maps by reducing the pressure in the UR by 0.7- 0.8 kgf / cm 2, and on descents steeper than 0.030 by a decrease in pressure by 0.8-0.9 kgf / cm 2.
Further, the braking force is regulated depending on the speed of the train and the profile of the track. At the same time, do not carry out a full release of automatic brakes, if before the end of recharging the TM and performing a second braking, the train speed exceeds the set one.
If it is necessary to use full service braking, as well as in the process of adjusting braking when following a descent, do not allow the pressure in the TM to drop below 3.8 kgf / cm 2. If, for some reason, while following the descent, the pressure in the TM drops below 3.8 kgf / cm for at least 5 minutes if the train is held by the auxiliary brake of the locomotive). If the pressure in the TM turned out to be below 3.8 kgf / cm 2 at the end of the descent, and according to the conditions of the track profile, the speed of further movement will decrease so much that it will be necessary to release the automatic brakes and during the time before the next braking, the TM can be recharged to the set pressure, then the train there is no need to stop to recharge the auto brakes.
After the train has followed a long descent and the station's brake line is switched to normal charging pressure, the inspectors are obliged to check the release of all auto brakes on the train and switch the BP of the carriages to a flat mode.
10.3.5. When a freight train travels at a speed of more than 80 km / h and a yellow light appears at the locomotive traffic light, activate the brakes by reducing the pressure in the UR loaded train by 0.8-1.0 kgf / cm 2, empty by 0.5-0 , 6 kgf / cm 2. At a lower speed and a longer block section, start braking taking into account the speed and efficiency of the braking means at an appropriate distance from the traffic light.
10.3.6. V freight trains with a charging pressure in the brake line from 4.8 to 5.5 kgf / cm 2 after service braking on flat areas, carry out a full release of auto brakes with the I position of the driver's crane handle until the pressure in the equalizing tank increases by 0.5-0.7 kgf / cm 2 above the charger. After reducing the pressure to the normal charging pressure, if necessary, repeat the indicated pressure increase. It is allowed to release the brakes using the IV position of the RKM in accordance with p.2.6.
The brake release can be performed after 5-7 seconds after stopping the air release from the TM through the driver's valve.
10.3.7. On non-tension slopes, where repeated braking is applied, VR in a freight train must be switched on to a flat mode, the release of automatic brakes between repeated braking is performed by the I position of the RKM up to the charging pressure in the equalizing tank. If there is time between repeated braking to eliminate the overcharge pressure in the line, then the automatic brakes can be released in accordance with paragraph 10.3.6. with the subsequent transfer to the train position.
10.3.8. After emergency braking, release the brakes in a freight train with the I position of the RKM until the pressure in the equalizing tank rises to 3.0-3.5 kgf / cm 2 (for driver's cranes without a stabilizer) and 6.5-6.8 kgf / cm 2 if stabilizer.
10.3.9. With the length of a freight train from 100 to 350 axles, simultaneously with the start of the release of automatic brakes, brake the locomotive with a crane auxiliary brake No. 254 (if it was not braked earlier) with the addition of 1.5-2.0 kgf / cm 2 to the shopping center and keep the locomotive in a braked state for 40-60 seconds and then release the locomotive brake in steps. It is not allowed to completely release the locomotive brake (direct or electric) until the brakes of the train are completely released.
10.3.10. On loaded trains with a length of more than 300 axles, do not start releasing the automatic brakes at a speed of less than 20 km / h, until the train stops completely. As an exception, you can release the brakes when following a descent, where there is a speed limit of 25 km / h or less, release the auto brakes in advance (15-20 seconds) before the start of the release by the auxiliary crane of locomotive No. 254.
10.3.11. On steep long slopes, where the charging pressure in the TM of the freight train is set at 6.0-6.2 kgf / cm 2, complete the release of the automatic brakes by transferring the RKM to position I until the pressure in the UR is 6.5-6.8 kgf / cm 2 ...
If the brakes are turned on for mountain mode and a complete release is not required, then a step release is made by shifting the RKM to position II until the pressure in the UR at each release step is at least 0.3 kgf / cm 2. When the pressure in the TM is 0.4 kgf / cm 2 lower than the pre-brake charger, make only a full vacation.
10.3.12. Turn on traction on locomotives in a moving train no earlier than 1 minute after the RKM is transferred to the vacation position.
10.3.13. After stopping the train with the use of automatic brakes, it is necessary to wait the time from the moment the RCM is transferred to the vacation position until the locomotive is set in motion:
after the braking stage - not less than 1.5 minutes with the air distributors switched on in the flat mode, and not less than 2 minutes - in the mountain mode of the air distributors;
after full service braking - not less than 2 minutes with air distributors switched on on flat and not less than 3.5 minutes - in mountain mode of air distributors;
after emergency braking in trains with up to 100 axles - not less than 4 minutes, in trains with more than 100 axles - not less than 6 minutes.
BRANCH OF JSC "Russian Railways" DIRECTORATE OF TRACTION
WESTERN SIBERIAN TRACTION DIRECTORATE
ORDER
On the procedure for using the crane of the auxiliary brake of the locomotive
In order to exclude cases of violations of the operation of locomotives, as well as to preserve the resource of wheelset tires of locomotives, I oblige:
1. Locomotive crews do not apply the auxiliary brake of the locomotive in one step (except for cases requiring an emergency stop, or using the crane of the auxiliary brake of the locomotive when the train's auto brakes are released) with a filling in the brake cylinders of more than 1.0 kgf / cm ".
2. If it is necessary to use the auxiliary brake valve of the locomotive with a pressure in the brake cylinders of the locomotive of more than 1.0 kgf / cm ", hold the pressure in the brake cylinders of the locomotive 1.0 kgf / cm" for at least 10 seconds and then apply the auxiliary brake valve of the locomotive to the required pressure but not more than 2.0 kgf / cm 2.
3. Before collecting (disassembling) the electric braking circuit, to bring the train into a compressed state, it is imperative to use the auxiliary brake valve of the locomotive with a pressure in the brake cylinders of the locomotive 1.0 - 2.0 kgf / cm "for 30 - 40 seconds, then release by its steps.
4. If the auxiliary brake of the locomotive is applied, release it in steps.
5.In winter period time, as well as in unfavorable weather conditions when the surface of the rail is dirty, to clean the rims of the locomotive wheelsets, it is allowed to clean them by creating a pressure in the brake cylinders of no more than 1.0 kgf / cm 2 for 5 seconds.
6. After stopping the train (one single locomotive), set the auxiliary brake valve handle of the locomotive to the extreme braking position with the creation of the maximum pressure in the brake cylinders 3.8 - 4.0 kgf / cm 2.
7.1. to prevent slipping of locomotive wheelsets;
7.2. to adjust the speed of movement with a freight train when following a permitting traffic light indication;
7.3. when traveling with a freight train for more than 150 seconds. (2.5 minutes);
7.4. when checking the action of the brakes along the route in freight trains;
7.5. in case of spontaneous operation of the automatic brakes of a freight train;
7.6. with the simultaneous use of electric braking, except for the collection (analysis) of the circuit.
8. In other cases, in the order of application of the auxiliary brake crane of the locomotive, be guided by the "Rules Maintenance brake equipment and brake control of railway rolling stock "No. 151 dated 03.06.2014.
9. Technicians for decoding the speedometer tapes when decrypting the files of the drivers' trips, monitor the implementation of this order, in case of a violation, register in the journal f. TU-133 No. 2 of the automated control system of the NBD.
10. To acquaint the locomotive crews and technicians on decoding the speedometer tapes under the signature.
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Control over the implementation of this order shall be entrusted to the Deputy Head of the Traction Directorate for Operation S.I.
10.1. General Provisions
10.1.1. When sending or following a train, the driver and the assistant driver are obliged to:
before the train departs, for a short time (for 2-3 seconds) put the driver's crane handle in position I. If the arrow of the TM manometer shows a pressure close to the reading of the manometer of the main tanks, this indicates that the end valves at the head of the train are closed. When the valve handle is moved to position II, a longer than usual air discharge from the TM into the atmosphere through the driver's valve will take place. In this case, the driver is prohibited from going with the train until the integrity of the braking network is checked along the tail car;
when leaving the station, make sure that there is no sparking in the train or other signs that threaten safe navigation, and that stop signals are not given by the train crew, station workers or employees of other services;
ensure the set operating mode of the compressors (or steam-air pumps) in accordance with and. 3.1.1. of this Instruction and to prevent the pressure drop in the main tanks below the established norms;
have brakes ready for action, and keep the driver's crane handle in the train position, at which the charging pressure in the brake network must be maintained in accordance with Table 3.2, or with and. 3.2.6. this manual;
when driving a passenger train on electro-pneumatic brakes, have the power source turned on: the voltage in the electrical circuit of the passenger train must correspond to that specified in and. 3.2.9. of this Instruction, and the signal lamp on the remote control should be on;
the speed of the trains to the place of checking the brakes, depending on the profile of the track, is indicated in the local instructions. If, to the place of checking the action of the automatic brakes, the train follows the signals of a decrease in the speed of movement or a stop, then the driver must, taking into account the profile of the track and the data of the train, apply the brakes in advance and make sure that they are working;
make sure that the train brakes work reliably by checking their operation along the route.
10.1.2. Check the action of auto brakes along the route by reducing the pressure in the equalizing tank of a loaded cargo train and a single-next locomotive - by 0.7-0.8 kgf / cm 2 in empty cargo, passenger-freight and passenger trains by 0.5-0.6 kgf / cm 2. In this case, the locomotive automatic brake in freight trains is released over 100 axles.
When checking the action of the brakes, it is prohibited to use the auxiliary and electric brakes on the locomotive on all trains.
After the appearance of a braking effect and a decrease in speed by 10 km / h - in a loaded cargo, cargo-passenger, passenger train and a single locomotive; by 4-6 km / h - release the brakes in the empty cargo compartment. The specified speed reductions must occur at a distance not exceeding the limits established by local instructions in accordance with table. 10.1. and 10.2.
Release the brakes after checking along the route after the driver is convinced of their normal operation.
Table 10.1.
Braking distance when checking the action of brakes for loaded freight trains with a braking coefficient
0.33 (in meters)
Table 10.2.
Braking distance when checking the action of the brakes and EPT for the path profile 0-0.006 and the corresponding braking coefficient (K)
If, after the first stage of braking, the initial effect is not obtained: in a passenger train for 10 seconds;
in an empty cargo train with a length of up to 400 axles and a cargo-passenger train for 20 seconds;
in other freight trains within 30 seconds, immediately apply emergency braking and take all measures to stop the train.
10.1.3. Depending on the result of checking the action of the brakes, their action during subsequent braking and on the basis of the experience of driving trains around the section, the driver, when driving the train further, selects the places where braking starts and the amount of pressure decrease in the main line so as to prevent the signal with a prohibiting indication from passing, and the decrease signal speed and the warning location, proceed at the set speed.
10.1.4. The places and speeds of trains and single locomotives, as well as the distances at which the speed should be reduced when checking the action of the brakes along the route, are determined by a commission, approved by the head of the road and indicated in local instructions. These distances on the tracks are indicated
signal signs "Start of braking" and "End of braking" and are determined on the basis of traction calculations and experimental trips for each type of train, provided they are provided with properly functioning brakes and a single smallest brake pressure per 100 tf of the train (train) weight, approved by UZ. Brake signal signs are installed after train formation stations, junction stations, train locomotive and locomotive crew change stations.
10.1.5. Check the action of automatic brakes along the train route: after full or reduced testing of automatic brakes;
switching on and off automatic brakes for individual cars or a group of cars; when switching from electro pneumatic brakes on automatic; in the cases provided for in clause 9.4.1. this manual; before entering dead-end stations;
if the train traveled without using the brakes for more than 30 minutes in front of the station where the train stops according to the schedule, if there is a descent to this station with a steepness of 0.008 or more and a length of at least 3 km (according to the list established by the order of the head of the road). In exceptional cases, based on local conditions and traffic safety, a lower slope may be adopted by the order of the road manager.
Check the automatic brakes in front of the indicated stations in such a way that when entering the station, the automatic brakes are completely released, and the brake line is charged to the set pressure.
If the brakes cannot be released according to the conditions of driving the train, then when moving in a braked state, the driver must calculate his actions so that he can stop the train at the designated place after increasing the braking:
On a single locomotive after checking its auto brakes at the first departure station. In this case, after traveling at least 200 meters at a speed of 20-40 km / h, first, the effect of the additional brake is checked with a decrease in speed by 5-10 km / h, and then, at a speed of 40-60 km / h, the action of the automatic brakes is checked using a crane driver.
If, when traveling with a train, at the place established for checking the operation of automatic brakes, the driver of the leading locomotive does not perform the check, then the driver of the second locomotive must contact the driver of the head locomotive by radio and send a vigilance signal - a requirement to check.
10.1.6. If it is necessary to check the action of the brakes on freight trains in unidentified places, it is allowed to perform it, as a rule, it is necessary when a train or a single locomotive picks up speed on the station tracks or when leaving the station on the first stretch, which has a platform or a descent, taking into account local conditions and the data in the table 10.1. and 10.2.
To check the actions of the brakes of suburban trains, it is allowed to use braking, which is applied when approaching the platform first from the point of departure, on which a stop is provided according to the schedule.
10.1.7. On passenger trains, first check the automatic brakes and then the electro-pneumatic brakes. To check the operation of the EPT along the route, perform a braking stage until the pressure in the locomotive shopping center reaches 1.5-2.0 kgf / cm 2 (keep the RCM in the UE position for 1-2 seconds).
10.1.8. The action of the EPT must be checked after full testing brakes, changing locomotives, locomotive crews or control cabins, coupling a group of cars to the train.
10.1.9. Before a freight train leaves a station or a haul after it has stopped for more than 10 minutes, the driver is obliged to check the density of the TM of the train with a mark of its value and the place of check on the back of the VU-45 certificate.
If, when checking the density of TM, the driver discovers that its change is more than 20% in the direction of increasing or decreasing from the specified in the certificate f. VU-45 of the previous value, to carry out an abbreviated testing of automatic brakes.
10.1.10. The driver and the assistant driver are obliged to monitor the operation of the brakes on the train throughout the entire journey.
Control the length of the TM train according to: a decrease or absence of the braking effect, a change in density
TM, triggering of the signaling device No. 418, non-release of the brakes in the tail section of the train, rapid deceleration of the train when the traction mode is turned off, and in the passenger train, in addition, according to the work of the driver's crane when controlling the automatic brakes (with a short TM in the I position of the RKM, a rapid equalization of the pressure of the TM occurs and EP, after moving the RKM handle from I to II position, air is released from the TM into the atmospheric channel, when braking, the air from the TM through the driver's valve into the atmosphere stops earlier than usual).
If there is a suspicion of a shortened length of the TM (freezing, overlapping cranes, etc.), apply all measures to stop the train, find out and eliminate the reasons for the failure of the brakes.
If there is a failure to release the brakes of individual cars, take measures to release the brakes of a passenger train by short-term braking with the first stage by placing the RKM in position I with an increase in pressure in the equalizing tank to 5.0-5.3 kgf / cm 2, and in freight trains - by increasing the pressure in the surge tank 0.8-1.2 kgf / cm 2 higher than the charger and setting the RCM in position IV according to and. 11.2.6.
If after that the release of the car brake does not occur, stop the train on a favorable track profile to check the brake that has not released. If necessary, release the brake manually and turn off the BP, make a note in the help f. VU-45. The driver is obliged to inform the carriage conductor about the released brake on the passenger train.
or the head of the train. On the back of the certificate f. VU-45 mark the actual brake pressure and pressure per 100 tf of train weight. Based on this, in accordance with the braking standards, determine the speed of further movement.
To identify sliders (potholes or sagging), carefully inspect the rolling surface of the wheels, if necessary, carry out a broach of the composition.
If the driver received information about jamming of the wheel pairs of cars or a locomotive, sparking in the train without using brakes, immediately stop the train with full service braking, inspect it and find out the possibility of further movement.
10.1.11. If found along the route in a passenger or freight car(except for MVPS or a tender with axleboxes that have roller bearings) of a slider (potholes) with a depth of more than 1 mm, but not more than 2 mm - it is allowed to bring such a car (tender) without uncoupling from the train to the nearest service station, which has devices for changing wheelsets , at a speed of no more than 100 km / h - in a passenger train and no more than 70 km / h - in a freight train.
With a slider depth from 2 to 6 mm for cars, except for the MVPS motor car and from 1 to 2 mm for a locomotive and a motor car of the MVPS, the train is allowed to travel to the nearest station at a speed of 15 km / h, and with a slider size, respectively, over 6 to 12 mm and over 2 to 4 mm - at a speed of 10 km / h. At the nearest station, the wheelset must be replaced. If the slider depth is more than 12 mm for the car and the tender, over 4 mm for the locomotive and motor car of the MVPS, it is allowed to follow at a speed of 10 km / h, provided that the wheelset is hung or the possibility of its rotation is excluded. In this case, at the station, the locomotive or carriage must be uncoupled from the train, brake cylinders and traction motor(engine group) of the damaged wheelset of the locomotive are disabled.
After surfacing (with subsequent processing) of the rolling surface of the wheels, the speed of movement of the locomotive (car) to the nearest depot (PTO) should be no more than 25 km / h, where the rims should be turned.
Measure the slider depth with an absolute gauge. In the absence of a template, it is allowed at stops along the way to determine the depth of the slider by its length using the data in Table 10.3
With a weld of up to 2 mm, the order of movement of the locomotive and the car is the same as with the slider, with a depth of up to 2 mm. If grease appears on the wheelset of a locomotive or carriage with a height of more than 2 mm, it must be removed.
Table 10.3.
Determination of the depth of the slide along its length depending on the diameter of the wheels_
10.1.12. If, while a freight train was moving, signs of a possible rupture of the TM appeared (frequent switching on of the compressors or a rapid decrease in pressure in the GR after the compressor was switched off, triggering of the TM breakage alarm with sensor No. 418), turn off the traction, move the operator's crane handle to position III for 3-4 seconds and monitor the TM pressure.
If after this there is a rapid and unexpected decrease in pressure in the TM or a sharp deceleration of the train movement, which does not correspond to the influence of the track profile, perform service braking, then move the operator's crane handle to position III and stop the train without using the auxiliary locomotive brake, find out and establish the cause ... If simultaneously with a decrease in pressure in the TM, the voltage of the contact network decreases, apply emergency braking.
If the traction is disconnected, and the "TM" lamp goes out after ignition and the pressure in the brake cylinders rises to 1.0 kgf / cm 2 or more, perform service braking and stop the train.
In the absence of a quick and continuous decrease in pressure in the TM and a sharp slowdown in the movement of the train, then when following the site or downhill, perform service braking with the discharge of TM by the value of the first stage, and then release the brake in the prescribed manner; when moving uphill - overestimate the pressure in the UR by 0.5-0.6 kgf / cm 2 higher than the charging one, and to collect the traction circuit, it is allowed to switch (with a button or switch) the locomotive control circuit.
In case of repeated braking of the train due to arbitrary operation of the automatic brakes - perform braking and release of the automatic brakes in the established order, declare a control check of the automatic brakes in accordance with and. 19.1.1. of this Instruction and bring the train to the station where this check will be performed. Without identifying and eliminating the reasons for the spontaneous operation of the automatic brakes, it is not allowed to send a train from this station for further travel.
10.1.13. In the event that the hitchhiking EIC is triggered, as well as the braking of a passenger, mail-baggage and cargo-passenger train due to a decrease in pressure in the TM, perform emergency braking in accordance with clauses and. 10.1.21. of this manual.
10.1.14. In case of failure of automatic brakes on the train (within the time specified in and. 10.1.2. Of this Instruction), perform emergency braking and take all measures to stop the train. In case of an unsuccessful attempt to stop the train, give a general alarm signal and inform the operator on duty in front of the station in front, or the dispatcher about what happened, by radio communication, so that they can take measures to freely accept the train at the station or pass it through the station. The conductor or the conductor of the car after hears a general alarm or sees stop signals, is obliged to open the stop valve and activate hand brake on the wagons he serves.
After the train stops, find out the reason for the unsatisfactory operation of the brakes. If it is not possible to eliminate the malfunctions or resume the action of the brakes on the spot, then the further running of the train should be carried out in accordance with and. 16.43. PTE and Instructions on the movement of trains and shunting work on the railways of Ukraine.
10.1.15. In the case of using electric braking on electric locomotives and diesel locomotives and counter-steam on steam locomotives, release the locomotive brake. The simultaneous use of pneumatic and electric braking on electric and diesel locomotives in cases not provided for by the locomotive scheme, as well as counter-steam on steam locomotives, is not allowed.
10.1.16. If emergency braking of the train by the locomotive driver was applied along the route, the driver must, before setting the train in motion, withstand the time required for full release and charging of the automatic brakes, specified in the I.I. 10.2.1.5., 10.2.1.8., 10.3.13. of this manual. In the presence of a vacation alarm in high-speed trains
the driver checks the release of the brakes after emergency braking by the indicator lamp, which is located in the cab. A train that has a vacation warning lamp can only be set in motion after the warning lamp goes out.
If emergency braking is performed from the car or due to a violation of the TM integrity, then after determining the reason for the stop, eliminating it and receiving the possibility of departure, the driver charges the auto brakes and sets the train in motion. In a passenger train, the release of the brakes of each carriage must be checked by the conductor and the head (foreman) of the train. On a freight train, the brake release on the train is not checked. If, when finding out the reason for the train stop, it is found that the end valve on the tail car is open, it is necessary to close the valve, check the car number with the data on the full-scale sheet and certificate f. VU-45, and in a passenger train, in addition, by tail signals, through the conductor of the last carriage, find out if the cars have been left on the stretch.
After the train departs, the locomotive crew is obliged from the windows of the locomotive cabin, and the conductors passenger cars from the vestibules, monitor the movement of the train: if brakes are not released, sparks or other malfunctions, take measures to stop the train and eliminate them.
10.1.17. It is forbidden in the working cabins of locomotives during stops at stations, as well as on the way to shut off the isolation valve or double-draft valve on the supply line and the combined or disconnecting valve on TM, except for the cases: when using multiple traction and pushing locomotive, which is included in the brake the train network, if on locomotives other than the head one, the handle of the double-pull crane or the combined crane is moved to the double-pull position; in non-working cabins in the absence of blocking device No. 367; when checking the density of TM of passenger trains; when repairing a crane operator (at a bus stop); when releasing auto brakes in a short-range passenger train after emergency braking in accordance with clause 10.2.1.3.
It is forbidden for the driver and his assistant to simultaneously leave the control cabin of the locomotive if the train is stopped on an unfavorable track profile.
When the locomotive crew or the driver (when servicing the locomotive in one person) leaves the control cabin, as well as in the parking lot, crane No. 254 must be put in the last braking position, and its handle must be fixed with additional devices.
10.1.18. For all types of service braking, the pressure in the surge tank should be reduced by the driver's crane from the set charging pressure by at least the value of the first stage in accordance with paragraphs. 10.2.1.1., 10.1.3. of this manual. With stepwise braking of the subsequent step of braking, perform a decrease in pressure in the UR in the range from 0.3 to 1.0 kgf / cm 2, depending on the need. If the train is moving to a planned stop, start braking with the first stage, after reducing the speed by 25-50% of the initial one, increase braking if necessary.
The best smoothness of train braking is provided by TM discharge from the beginning of service braking by the value of the first stage.
10.1.19. When braking from a speed of 40 km / h or less in trains that have 50% or more cars in the entire train, which are equipped with composite blocks or disc brakes, the brakes must be applied a little earlier than with cast iron pads.
10.1.20. When performing full service braking in one step, reduce the pressure in the SD by 1.5-1.7 kgf / cm 2. This type of braking should be used in exceptional cases when it is necessary to stop the train or reduce its speed at a shorter distance than when performing step braking.
10.1.21. Apply emergency braking on all trains and on any track profile only when an immediate stop of the train is required. It is carried out by the driver's crane, and, if necessary, by a combined crane from the lead or other locomotives (when following double or multiple traction). After moving the handle of the driver's crane or combination crane to the emergency braking position, activate the sandbox and the auxiliary brake of the locomotive and turn off the traction, leave the handle of the driver's crane or the combined crane in the emergency braking position, and the handle of the crane No. 254 - in the extreme braking position, until the train stops ...
Emergency braking, if necessary, can also be applied on a single locomotive and on a locomotive that performs shunting work, regardless of whether the brakes are included in the lineup or not. At the end of the trip (shift), the driver must indicate the reason for full service or emergency braking on the reverse side of the speed meter tape.
10.1.22. In order to avoid a sharp deceleration of the locomotive when using the auxiliary brake No. 254 crane and the occurrence of large longitudinal-dynamic reactions in the train at a speed of 50 km / h and below, it is necessary to brake with this crane when driving the train with steps, except in cases of an emergency stop.
When operating the crane No. 254 of passenger and freight locomotives (except for shunting), avoid effective systematic braking with an increase in pressure in the brake cylinders for more than
1.5 kgf / cm 2. As a rule, service braking with an auxiliary brake with a pressure of more than 1.5 kgf / cm 2 in the brake cylinders of a locomotive with ridge brake pads should be repeated in a step after holding the pressure in the brake cylinders up to 1.5 kgf / cm 2 for 0.5-1, 0 minutes
Do not use the auxiliary brake to prevent the locomotive from slipping.
10.1.23. Release the auxiliary brake of the locomotive, if it is used, after releasing the automatic brakes of the train.
10.1.24. Before braking, by lowering the pressure in the UR by more than 1 kgf / cm 2 with automatic brakes or with a pressure in the brake cylinders of locomotives of more than 2.5 kgf / cm 2 with EPT, first activate the sandbox.
10.1.25. When braking with a stop using sand on the locomotive, stop the sand supply at a speed of 10 km / h before stopping. If a single locomotive is stopped using sand on an auto-blocking section or at a station equipped with electrical interlocking, then it is necessary to set the locomotive in motion and move onto clean rails.
10.1.26. When approaching a station, with a prohibiting signal and a signal to reduce the speed, it is necessary to activate the automatic brakes in advance and reduce the speed of the train so as not to allow the passage of the set stopping point at the station, the prohibiting signal, the limit column, and the speed reduction signal and the warning point must proceed at a speed, installed for a given location. The speed of movement should not exceed 20 km / h at a distance of at least 400-500 meters before the prohibition signal.
When approaching a prohibitory signal or a limit post, the brakes must be fully released only after the train has come to a complete stop.
If the train is moving in response to signals to reduce speed and stop and there is a suspicion that the train has begun to spontaneously release the brakes (the train slows down, the speed does not decrease, the pressure in the equalizing tank has risen), apply emergency braking and find out the cause, if it is impossible to eliminate the cause - Bring the train with extreme caution to the first station, where check the brakes.
When approaching the prohibitory signal, apply the brakes in a timely manner, if necessary, enhance the braking effect by discharging the TM with the second or third stage.
10.1.27. If, after releasing the automatic brakes, there is a need for repeated braking, this vacation, both in passenger and freight trains, should be carried out in advance at such a speed in order to ensure the necessary charging of the brakes for repeated braking.
When the pressure in the main tanks drops below the charger, the driver is obliged to stop the train and perform an abbreviated brake test in the passenger train, and in the freight train - in accordance with section 9.4. of this manual. If the pressure in the main tanks cannot be restored within 20 minutes, then the train must be secured in the order established on the road.
10.1.28. To avoid the train breaking when starting off after stopping with brakes, it is allowed to set the locomotive in motion only after releasing all the brakes on the train.
10.1.29. When two or more operating locomotives are coupled to a train, the driver of the first locomotive controls the brakes on the train.
10.1.30. The control of automatic brakes of a raft of inoperative locomotives and MVPS shall be carried out in the manner established by this Instruction for the corresponding type of train.
10.1.31. Trains with locomotives equipped with an electric brake must be operated with this brake mandatory. The braking mode and the place of application of the electric brake are set in local instructions and regime maps, which are developed on the basis of calculations and experimental trips and taking into account the requirements of the factory operating instructions for this series of locomotives. In this case, the braking force should not exceed the maximum permissible value for the stability conditions of the rolling stock in the track, for its strength and impact on the track.
10.1.32. To ensure the set speed of movement when approaching prohibiting signals and signals to stop the train, it is necessary to apply braking with automatic brakes, and in passenger trains - with electro-pneumatic or automatic brakes in accordance with pi. YL.26., YL.2., 10.2.2. of this manual.
The stop of the train should be carried out with the use of the driver's crane braking. After stopping the train, set the maximum pressure in the brake cylinders of the locomotive.
To regulate the speed of the train and stop it, three main types of braking are used with the use of pneumatic train brakes: step, full service and emergency. The pressure drop in this case is assessed by the pressure in the surge tank and monitored using a brake line pressure gauge. A prerequisite for all types of braking is to switch off the locomotive controller. In addition to pneumatic braking, electric braking (rheostatic and recuperative) is used to control the speed and stop of the train if it is available on the traction rolling stock.
Step braking. After turning off the controller, the driver reduces the pressure in the surge tank and brake line of passenger and electric trains by 0.3-0.5 kgf / cm2, and in long-length and double trains, more than half of the cars of which are equipped with high-speed triple valves, by 0.7 -0.8 kgf / cm2. In freight trains, at the first stage of braking, the pressure in the brake line decreases by 0.6-0.7 kgf / cm2, in empty trains - by 0.5-0.6 kgf / cm2, and in cases where the train follows long descents, - by 0.7-0.8 kgf / cm2. On a flat track with a descent of up to 8% 0, when following a green light of a traffic light or on a free lane, it is allowed to reduce the pressure by 0.3-0.5 kgf / cm2 in the first stage of braking (except for checking the action of automatic brakes).
In winter, at low temperatures and snowfalls, the first stage of braking should be done by reducing the pressure in loaded freight trains by 0.8-0.9 kgf / cm2, in empty trains by 0.6-0.7 kgf / cm2, in normal passenger trains by 0 , 5-0.6 kgf / cm2. Strengthening the braking of a freight train is carried out with a step of 0.5-1.0 kgf / cm2.
With electro-pneumatic brakes, the first stage of service braking is performed by moving the operator's crane handle to the braking position until the pressure in the brake cylinders of the locomotive or the head carriage of the electric train reaches 0.8-1.5 kgf / cm2 (depending on the speed and steepness descent). The last stage is performed as needed until full service braking.
The decrease in pressure in the brake line during braking depends on the type of train, its length, the steepness of the descents, as well as on the conditions of the train running on the section. Based on these conditions, the driver has the right to choose a decrease in pressure in the line when braking, but not less than the above. The best smoothness of train braking is ensured by discharging the brake line in one step at the beginning of braking by the value of the first stage.
When the pressure in the brake line is reduced to the required value according to the pressure gauge, the driver's valve handle is moved to the overlap position and held there until the full braking effect from this stage of braking is obtained. If the braking force from the first stage of braking is insufficient to reduce the speed of the train or stop it at the specified place, the second stage is performed, and if required, then the subsequent stages. For passenger and freight trains of all types, the subsequent stages of braking are performed, reducing the pressure in the main line by 0.3-1.0 kgf / cm2, depending on the need and conditions for running the train. If the initial stage of braking is associated with a decrease in the pressure in the brake line by more than 1 kgf / cm2 in the case of automatic brakes or with a pressure in the brake cylinders of more than 2.5 kgf / cm2 in the case of electro-pneumatic brakes, in order to prevent skidding, it is necessary to activate the sandbox. locomotive.
As an example, Fig. 25 and 26 show the curves of the pressure in the brake line and the speed of movement, recorded on the tape of the speedometer for trains of different weights, driven by different traction rolling stock along the path of different profiles. As you know, the pressure curve in the brake line on the speedometer tape is displaced 20 mm to the right relative to the speed curve.
In unfavorable winter conditions on steep long descents with snowfalls and snow drifts, the first stage of braking at the beginning of the descent in freight trains should be performed by reducing the pressure in the brake line by 1.0-1.2 kgf / cm2 and, if necessary, increasing the pressure drop corresponding to full service braking. With frost and ice, when the adhesion
wheels with rails is reduced, it is necessary to activate the sandbox 50-100 m before the start of braking and supply sand to the rails until the train stops or the braking ends. The first stage of braking is carried out in advance, until the speed has reached the maximum set value on the descent. This is necessary because after the start of braking, the speed may increase for some time until the brakes are applied. If the first stage of braking is insufficient, the second and subsequent stages are used in order not to exceed the maximum permissible speed when moving on an incline or to ensure that the train stops at a specified place. The driver chooses the braking mode depending on the track profile and the actual effectiveness of the brakes on the train; it should be remembered that the depletion of the brakes, which is characterized by a pressure in the main line of less than 3.8 kgf / cm2 in a cargo train and 3.5 kgf / cm2 in a passenger train, as well as a decrease in braking efficiency, must not be allowed.
Full service braking. This type of braking is used in exceptional cases when it is necessary to stop the train or reduce its speed at a distance less than that at which step braking is carried out. To do this, the driver reduces the pressure in the equalizing tank (brake line) in one step by 1.5-1.7 kgf / cm2, but not more than 2.0 kgf / cm2. The auxiliary brake of the locomotive is preliminarily activated and sand is fed under the wheels.
Full service braking (Fig. 27) is mainly used when it is necessary to stop the train or in cases where step braking does not provide the required reduction in train speed.
If it is necessary to apply full service braking when driving on steep slopes, you must not discharge the brake line to a pressure less than 3.8 kgf / cm2. In the event of such a situation, when the pressure in the brake line is below 3.8 kgf / cm2, it is necessary to stop the train, activate the auxiliary brake of the locomotive, then release the automatic brakes and charge the brake network in the parking lot before starting to move.
With electro-pneumatic brakes, the driver performs full braking in one step by moving the handle of the driver's crane No. 334E to position IV, and cranes No. 328 and 395 to position V3 to activate the electro-pneumatic brakes without discharging the line until pressure is created in the brake cylinders of the traction rolling stock 3, 8-4.0 kgf / cm2; after that, the tap handle must be moved to the overlap position.
Emergency braking. It is used in all trains and on any track profile in cases where further movement is in danger and it is required to stop the train. Do it brakes
feeling, moving the operator's crane handle to the emergency braking position; for double traction, if necessary, I use the combined crane of the second locomotive. After moving the handle of the driver's crane or combination crane to the emergency braking position, the driver must activate the sandbox and the auxiliary brake of the locomotive and turn off the traction motors. To ensure the most effective braking, the handle of the driver's crane or the combined crane must be left in the emergency braking position, and the auxiliary brake valve handle - in the extreme braking position until the train stops completely. The processes occurring during emergency braking are illustrated by curves.
Emergency braking can also be caused by opening the stop valve, breaking or disconnecting the connecting hoses of the brake line, as well as triggering the auto-stop. In these cases, it is necessary to immediately make an emergency braking of the driver's crane, and then turn off the traction motors, activate the sandbox and the auxiliary brake of the locomotive.
Release the brakes. Depending on the driving conditions, full or step vacation can be applied. The driver makes a full release of the brakes to stop braking. Having installed the handle of the crane driver in position, keep it in this position (depending on the type of previous braking and the length of the train) either for a certain time or until the required pressure in the equalizing tank is reached; then move the operator's crane handle to the train position.
A full vacation can be carried out without increasing the pressure in the brake network of the train in excess of the set charger or in excess of it. For example, in freight trains with a charging pressure in the brake line of 5.3-5.5 kgf / cm2, when the automatic brakes are fully released after service braking, it is necessary to keep the operator's crane handle in position I until the pressure in the equalizing tank reaches 5.8-6, 0 kgf / cm2. After reducing the pressure to the normal charging pressure, if necessary, it is increased again.
The driver releases the automatic brakes in the freight train after emergency braking by moving the crane handle to position I and holds it in this position until the pressure in the equalizing tank is 3.0-3.5 kgf / cm2 in the absence of a stabilizer at the driver's crane and 6.5- 6.8 kgf / cm2 if available. In a passenger diesel and electric train, after service braking, the driver maintains the crane handle in position I until the pressure in the surge tank is 5.0-5.2 kgf / cm2, and after an emergency - up to 3.0-3.5 kgf / cm2, in short-train trains - up to 1.5-2.0 kgf / cm2. Then the driver moves the crane handle to the train position.
Complete release of electro-pneumatic brakes in one step is performed by moving the operator's crane handle to position I, hold it in this position until the pressure in the equalizing tank rises to 5.2-5.4 kgf / cm2, and then put it in the train position.
The process of releasing the brakes does not end by moving the operator's crane handle from position I to the train position; it continues for some time, moreover, in the tail section of the train longer than in the head section. This should be borne in mind if, after braking and stopping the train, it must be set in motion again. In this case, you should wait until the brakes are fully released, the duration of which depends on the length of the train and the types of car air distributors. If this is not done, significant dynamic forces will arise when starting the train with the brakes not released,
capable of rupture of car frames and automatic couplers. The time from the moment the driver's crane handle is moved to position I until the train is set in motion ranges from 15 s to 3 minutes for passenger trains and from 1.5 to 6 minutes for freight trains. For long-section trains with more than 350 axles, when the locomotive is in the head of the train, the specified time increases by 1.5 times. Drivers should bear in mind that when starting a train with not fully released brakes, the resistance to movement increases significantly, the starting process becomes more complicated, current loads and consumption of fuel and energy resources increase.
The step release of the brakes is used to regulate the braking force and maintain the speed within certain limits when riding down slopes on the brakes. To do this, the pressure in the brake line is slightly increased, while the braking effect does not disappear, but decreases somewhat. To make a step-by-step release, the operator moves the operator's crane handle to position II and holds it until the pressure in the surge tank increases by at least 0.3 kgf / cm2 at each step of release.
When the electro-pneumatic brakes are released in stages, the pressure in the brake line does not increase; the braking force is partially regulated by venting the air from the brake cylinders with the valves of the electric air distributors. For step-by-step release of electro-pneumatic brakes, the driver of a passenger or multiple-unit train briefly moves the crane operator's handle from the overlap position to the train one and back to the overlap position; the last stage of the release is performed by keeping the operator's crane handles in position I until the pressure in the surge tank rises to 5.2-5.4 kgf / cm2.
Using the auxiliary brake of the locomotive. To make the movement process smooth, the auxiliary brake of the locomotive is used both in conjunction with the brakes of the train, and independently. At the same time, in order to avoid a sharp slowdown in the movement of the locomotive and the occurrence of large longitudinal-dynamic forces in the train at speeds of 50 km / h or less, it is necessary to brake with the auxiliary brake valve in steps, except in the case of an emergency stop. When activating the auxiliary brake of passenger and freight locomotives, systematic effective braking with an increase in pressure in the brake cylinders at a time of more than 1.5 kgf / cm2 should be avoided. If, according to the conditions of running a train, service braking with an auxiliary brake with a pressure in the brake cylinders of more than 1.5 kgf / cm2 is necessary, then it is performed with ridge brake pads by a second stage after holding the pressure in the cylinders up to 1.5 kgf / cm 2 for 0, 5-1.0 minutes
Ensuring safety requirements. Strict adherence to traffic safety rules should be one of the main provisions of national train driving regimes, especially in the braking mode.
zheniya. When approaching stations, prohibiting signals and signals of speed reduction, the driver is obliged to activate the automatic brakes in advance and reduce the speed of the train so as not to allow the passage of the set stopping point at the station, the limit column, and the speed reduction signal and the place of warning must proceed at the set speed. In the case of a train moving to a planned stop, braking should be started with the first stage and, after a decrease in speed by 25-50% of the initial one, if necessary, increase braking. When a freight train is traveling at a speed of more than 80 km / h and a yellow light appears at the locomotive traffic light, the driver must activate the brake, reducing the pressure in the equalizing tank in a loaded train by 0.8-1.0 kgf / cm2, in an empty one - by 0 , 5-0.7 kgf / cm2. At a lower speed and long block sections, braking should be started taking into account the speed and effectiveness of the braking means at an appropriate distance from the traffic light.
A traffic light with a yellow signal light must be followed, observing the established restriction maximum speed, preventing its significant decrease in comparison with the established one. When approaching a prohibitory signal or a limit column, a full release of the brakes can be performed only after the train has stopped. It is necessary to avoid frequent braking without recharging the braking network of the train, since with repeated braking this can lead to depletion of auto brakes with a subsequent decrease in the braking effect. Do not release the brakes at high speed before braking again, since the train speed may exceed the set speed, and the brake network will not have time to charge by this moment. In order to prevent the depletion of the auto brakes in the train when following the slope, on which repeated braking is performed, the driver must maintain a time of at least 1 min between braking to recharge the train's braking network.
The time of continuous movement of the train with a constant step of braking on the descent when the air distributors are switched on to flat mode should not, as a rule, exceed 2.5 minutes; if longer braking is required, the brake line discharge should be increased by 0.3-0.5 kgf / cm2 and after a sufficient decrease in speed, release the autobrake.
151. When traveling with a train or a separate locomotive, the driver and the assistant driver must:
- when leaving the station with a train, make sure that there are no sparks or any other signs that threaten safe following, as well as that stop signals are not given by the train crew, station workers or workers of other services;
- monitor the pressure limits in the main tanks during the automatic restart of the compressors and their shutdown by the regulator in accordance with the technical documentation for the traction rolling stock;
- do not allow the pressure in the main reservoirs and brake line to drop below the established norms;
- have braking devices always ready for action, check them along the way;
- ensure that the charging pressure in the brake line is maintained in accordance with Table V.1 with the train position of the operator's crane control body;
- when driving a passenger train with electro-pneumatic brakes, have the power source turned on after checking the automatic brakes along the route. In this case, the voltage according to the instrumentation of the locomotive of a passenger train with the train position of the driver's crane must be at least 48 V, and during service braking with an electro-pneumatic brake, at least 45 V, and the control signal lamp must be lit on the control panel.
152. Checking the action of automatic brakes on the route of the train to carry out:
- after full, reduced and technological testing of brakes, turning on and off the automatic brakes for individual cars or a group of cars, hitching or uncoupling cars at stations in accordance with the schedule, when switching from electro-pneumatic brakes to automatic ones;
- on a single next locomotive after testing automatic brakes at the first departure station;
- before the entrance to the dead-end tracks of the station, as well as in front of the stations where the train stops according to the schedule, if there is a descent to this station with a steepness of 0.008 or more and a length of at least 3 km.
In some cases, based on local conditions and ensuring the safety of the movement, organizational and administrative documents of the relevant departments of the infrastructure owner may also accept a lower steepness of the descent. Before the indicated stations, check the operation of the automatic brakes in such a way that when entering the station, the automatic brakes are completely released and the brake network is charged to the set pressure. If the brakes cannot be released according to the conditions of running the train, then when the train is moving in a braked state, the driver must calculate his actions so that the train can be stopped after increasing the braking at the designated place.
The places and speeds of trains and single locomotives, as well as the distances at which the speed should be reduced when checking the action of the brakes along the route, are determined by a commission and are indicated in the organizational and administrative documents approved by the owner of the infrastructure. These distances are indicated on the tracks with the signal signs "Start of braking" and "End of braking" and are determined on the basis of traction calculations and experimental trips for each type of train, provided they are provided with properly functioning brakes and a single minimum brake pressure per 100 tf of the train (train) weight, approved the owner of the infrastructure.
If the driver of the lead locomotive does not perform the check while following the train at the place established to check the operation of the automatic brakes, then the driver of the second locomotive must contact the driver of the head locomotive by radio and at the same time give a vigilance signal - a request to check.
On passenger trains, first check the action of the automatic brakes and then the electro-pneumatic brakes at a specified location.
Check the operation of electro-pneumatic brakes along the train route after fully testing the electro-pneumatic brakes at the departure station, changing locomotives, locomotive crews or control cabs, hitching to the train or uncoupling cars.
153. Trains with locomotives equipped with an electric brake must be operated with this brake mandatory. Braking modes and places of application of the electric brake are established in the technical and administrative documents of the infrastructure owner, which are developed on the basis of calculations, the results of experimental trips and taking into account the requirements of the operating manual for a particular series of locomotives. In this case, the braking force should not exceed the maximum permissible value for the stability conditions of the rolling stock in the track, for its strength and impact on the track.
154. It is not allowed to simultaneously use automatic brakes and electric braking on electric and diesel locomotives in cases not provided for by the locomotive diagram. When using electric braking on electric locomotives and diesel locomotives, release the locomotive brake.
155. When performing full service braking in one step, reduce the pressure in the surge tank by 0.15-0.17 MPa (1.5-1.7 kgf / cm 2). This type of braking is used in exceptional cases when it is necessary to stop the train or reduce its speed much more efficiently and at a shorter distance than when performing step braking.
156. Apply emergency braking on all trains and on any track profile only when an immediate stop of the train is required. It is carried out by the operator's crane, and, if necessary, by a combined crane from the leading or driven (with double or multiple traction) locomotives. After moving the control body of the driver's crane or combination crane to the emergency braking position, activate the sand feeding devices, the auxiliary brake of the locomotive and turn off the traction, leave the control body of the driver's crane or the combined crane in the emergency braking position, and the control body of the auxiliary brake - in the extreme braking position until full stop.
If on the way, emergency braking is performed by disrupting the stop valve, then after finding out the reasons for the stop, eliminating them, the driver leaves and charges the auto brakes and sets the train in motion.
157. If braking has occurred due to a violation of the integrity of the brake line, then after finding out the reasons for the stop, eliminating them and obtaining the possibility of departure, the locomotive crew checks the integrity and tightness of the brake line, performs an abbreviated test of the brakes with checking the action of the last two wagons from the tail of the train and drives the train in motion. On passenger trains, the train manager and conductors are involved to check the integrity of the brake line and to conduct an abbreviated brake test.
If, when investigating the reason for stopping the train, an open end valve is found on the tail car, it must be closed. Check the number of the carriage with the data on the full-scale sheet and the "Certificate on the provision of the train with brakes and their serviceable operation." If the actual number of the tail car coincides with the data on the full-scale sheet and the "Certificate of providing the train with brakes and their serviceable operation", the train is set in motion. If the actual number of the tail car is found to be inconsistent with the data of the full-scale sheet and the "Certificate on the provision of the train with brakes and their serviceable operation" after being convinced by the available methods, in the absence of cars left on the track, the movement can be resumed only by the registered order of the train dispatcher.
After the train departs, the locomotive crew must observe the movement of the train. If there are signs of non-release of brakes, sparking or other malfunctions, take measures to stop the train with their subsequent elimination.
158. When braking from a speed of 40 km / h or less in trains with 50% or more cars equipped with composite pads or disc brakes, the train brakes must be applied a little earlier than with cast iron pads.
159. In order to avoid the occurrence of large longitudinal-dynamic reactions due to the creation of a sharp slowdown in the movement of a freight (cargo-passenger) train when braking with an auxiliary brake crane at speeds of 50 km / h or less, regulate braking and release with time delays in steps, except in cases of emergency stop.
When activating the auxiliary brake of the locomotive (except for shunting) in freight (passenger-and-freight) trains, avoid braking with an increase in pressure in the brake cylinders at a time to more than 0.15 MPa (1.5 kgf / cm 2). As a rule, service braking with an auxiliary brake with a pressure of more than 0.15 MPa (1.5 kgf / cm 2) in the brake cylinders of a locomotive should be performed with a second stage after holding the pressure in the brake cylinders up to 0.15 MPa (1.5 kgf / cm 2) within 30-40 seconds.
160. In freight (passenger-and-freight) trains, turn on traction on locomotives after the braking stage in a moving train no earlier than 1 minute (60 seconds), but not earlier than the release time of the tail carriages specified in the "Certificate on the provision of the train with brakes and their correct operation", after the transfer of the manager the driver's crane body to the release position.
161. In order to avoid the train breaking or the occurrence of large longitudinal-dynamic reactions in it when starting off after stopping with the use of automatic brakes, it is allowed to set the locomotive in motion only after the time delay specified in Appendix 3.
162. Do not use the auxiliary brake to prevent skidding of the locomotive.
163. When stopping braking with the use of sand on the locomotive, stop the supply of sand when a speed of 10 km / h is reached before stopping. If a single locomotive is stopped using sand on an auto-blocking section or at a station equipped with electrical interlocking, then it is necessary to set the locomotive in motion and move onto clean rails.
164. When approaching a station where there is a train stop, prohibiting signals and signals to reduce the speed, it is necessary to activate the automatic brakes in advance and reduce the speed of the train so as not to allow the passage of the set stopping point at the station, the prohibiting signal, the limit column, and the speed reduction signal and the place warnings, proceed at the speed set for the location.
The speed of following when moving to the prohibitory signal should not exceed 20 km / h at a distance of 400-500 m before the prohibitory signal. In this case, the use of electric braking on locomotives is prohibited.
When approaching a prohibitory signal or limit column, perform a full release of the brakes only after the train has stopped.
165. With the predominance of empty wagons in a freight train (more than 50%), the automatic brakes are controlled as with an empty freight train, checking the brakes along the route with a decrease in speed by 4-6 km / h.
In a passenger-and-freight train, service and brake control is performed as in a passenger train, with pneumatic brake control.
166. Each stop of a freight train, a single locomotive following a train order, should be performed using automatic brakes.
167. Features of control of the brakes of freight and passenger trains are given in Appendix 3.
168. When two or more operating locomotives are coupled to a train, the driver of the first locomotive controls the brakes on the train.
169. The control of automatic brakes of a raft from inoperative locomotives or motor-car rolling stock shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by these Rules for the corresponding type of train with locomotive traction.
170. When driving a train downhill with a transition to an uphill, the driver must not exceed the speed set for this section.
If the speed can increase more than the set one, apply the brakes and, after reducing the speed, release them in such a way as to drive up the hill with the brakes released, the traction that was activated at the last stage of the slope or the ground and the maximum allowable speed.
It is allowed to turn on the controller only after a complete release of the automatic brakes.
171. When driving a freight (cargo-passenger) train along a slope of various steepness with the controller turned off, when switching from a slope of a lower steepness to a descent of a greater steepness, apply step braking with the auxiliary brake of the locomotive.
172. In the process of driving a freight (cargo-passenger) train down the descent with a transition to a short platform (less than the length of the train) and then again down the descent, when the locomotive leaves the descent after the platform, it is recommended to smoothly activate the auxiliary brake of the locomotive. When leaving the descent of the entire train, depending on the speed of movement, release the auxiliary brake in steps.
If the platform after the descent is long (more than the length of the train), then on the descent it is recommended to completely release the automatic brakes (if they were activated to reduce speed) and follow the platform with the automatic brakes released, if necessary, with the controller turned on.
When the locomotive enters the next descent, it is recommended to activate the auxiliary brake and release it in steps when the whole train enters the descent, if the profile does not require the use of automatic brakes.
173. The actions of the locomotive crew and the features of the control of the train brakes when switching to the standby crane control of the driver from electronic control are given in Appendix 3.
174. In case of a forced stop of a train on the stretch, the driver must be guided by the order of actions of workers in the event of a forced stop of the train on the section of the Rules technical exploitation or other regulatory documents in force on the territory of the countries - the Commonwealth, Georgia, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Estonia.
When servicing the locomotives of passenger trains by one driver, the operations of securing and fencing the train during its forced stop on the stretch are performed by the conductors of the cars under the guidance of the chief (mechanic-foreman) of the passenger train at the direction of the driver, transmitted by radio.
175. The actions of the locomotive crew in emergency situations are given in Appendix 3.
176. It is forbidden in the working cabins of the locomotive during stops at the station, as well as on the way to shut off the isolation valve or double-draft valve on the supply line and the combined or isolation valve on the brake line, with the exception of the following cases:
- when releasing the brakes in a passenger train up to 7 cars inclusive after emergency braking;
- when using multiple traction or a pushing locomotive included in the brake line of the train, when on locomotives other than the head one, the handle of the double-traction crane or the combined crane is moved to the double-traction position;
- in non-working cabins of the locomotive in the absence of a locking device;
- if it is necessary to eliminate the malfunction of the driver's crane (in the parking lot).
177. The locomotive crew is obliged to monitor the operation of the brakes on the train during the entire journey.
In the event of sparking, smoke or other signs of non-release of brakes for individual cars in the train, it is necessary to stop the train with service braking to inspect, check and eliminate the causes of car malfunctions.
Before starting the inspection of the train, turn off the electro-pneumatic brakes, and turn off the electric heating of the train in winter.
If a braked state of the parking (hand) brake or a non-released air distributor is detected, it is necessary to release the parking (hand) brake or turn off the air distributor by shutting off the valve on the connecting pipeline between the brake line and the air distributor and release air from the tanks and chambers in accordance with the type of rolling stock ... Make sure of the correctness of the performed operations on the retreat of the brake cylinder rod (or on the actuation of the braking indicators on cars with disc brakes) and the departure of the brake pads (linings) from the rolling surface of the wheels (disks). To detect slides (potholes), welds, carefully inspect the rolling surfaces of the wheels, if necessary, carry out a broach of the composition.
After disengaging the brake, the driver is obliged to make a note about this in the "Certificate on the provision of the train with brakes and their serviceable operation." Based on the actual pressing of the weight of the train (composition) by 100 tf, the driver must determine the speed of further movement in accordance with the norms approved by the owner of the infrastructure.
178. If a slider (potholes) with a depth of more than 1 mm, but not more than 2 mm is found along the route of a car, in addition to a motor car of a motor-car rolling stock, it is allowed to bring such a car without uncoupling from the train to the nearest maintenance point that has means for replacing wheeled steam, at a speed (passenger no more than 100 km / h, cargo no more than 70 km / h) on automatic brakes.
If the size of the slider in cars, except for a motor car of a motor-car rolling stock, is more than 2 to 6 mm, for a locomotive and a motor car of a motor-car rolling stock, as well as special self-propelled rolling stock over 1 to 2 mm, it is allowed to follow the train to the nearest station from speed of 15 km / h with automatic brakes, and with a slider size, respectively, over 6 to 12 mm and over 2 to 4 mm - at a speed of 10 km / h with automatic brakes on, where the wheelset must be replaced. With a slider over 12 mm for a carriage, over 4 mm for a locomotive and a motor car of a motor-car rolling stock, it is allowed to follow at a speed of 10 km / h on automatic brakes, provided that the wheelset is suspended or the possibility of rotation is excluded. In this case, the locomotive must be uncoupled from the train, the brake cylinders and the traction motor (engine group) of the damaged wheelset must be disconnected.
Measure the slider depth with an absolute gauge. In the absence of a template, it is allowed at stops along the route to determine the depth of the slider by its length using the data specified in Table IX.1.
tableIX.1
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Slide depth, mm |
Slide length, mm, on wheels with diameter, mm |
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179. If, when a freight train is following, its speed does not decrease without the driver activating the brakes, but there are signs of a possible violation of the brake line integrity (frequent switching on of the compressors or a rapid decrease in pressure in the main tanks after the compressors are turned off when the sand feeding devices and typhons are not working, line), it is necessary to put the driver's crane control in a position that does not maintain the specified pressure in the brake line after braking for 5-7 seconds and observe the pressure of the brake line.
If, after moving the driver's crane control element to the position without supplying the brake line with compressed air after braking, there is a rapid and continuous decrease in pressure in the brake line or a sharp deceleration of the train movement, which does not correspond to the influence of the track profile, turn off the traction, perform service braking to the value of the first stage, after which move the driver's crane control to the position without compressed air supply to the brake line after braking and stop the train without applying the auxiliary brake of the locomotive. After stopping, move the control element of the auxiliary brake valve to the extreme braking position.
In the case when after the transfer of the driver's crane control element to a position that does not ensure the maintenance of the specified pressure in the brake line after braking, a rapid and continuous decrease in the brake line pressure does not occur; a sharp deceleration of the train movement, ensuring smooth movement, turn off the traction, perform service braking with the brake line discharge by the value of the first stage, then release the automatic brakes in the prescribed manner, while turning on the traction mode is allowed only after the complete release of the automatic brakes.
If, while a freight train was moving, the brake line condition monitoring sensor was triggered, the driver must perform service braking with the brake line discharge by the value of the first stage, then move the driver's crane control body to a position that does not maintain the specified pressure in the brake line after braking and stop the train without application of the auxiliary brake of the locomotive.
After stopping the train and fully charging the brake network of the train, it is necessary to measure the density of the brake network of the train, which should not differ from that specified in the "Certificate on providing the train with brakes and their serviceable operation" by more than 20%.
If the density of the train's braking network changes by more than 20% of that specified in the "Certificate on providing the train with brakes and their serviceable operation", the locomotive crew is obliged to verify the number of the tail car with the data on the full-scale sheet and "Certificate on providing the train with brakes and their serviceable operation" and make reduced brake testing.
In case of recurrence of signs of train braking due to spontaneous operation of the auto brakes in the train, brake and release the auto brakes in the prescribed manner, declare a control check of the auto brakes and bring the train to the station where this check will be carried out. Without identifying and eliminating the reasons for the spontaneous operation of the automatic brakes, it is not allowed to send a train from this station for further travel.
180. In the event of activation of safety devices (EPK, hitchhiking, KON), as well as braking a passenger, mail and baggage train with a stop crane or as a result of disconnection of their brake line, perform emergency braking in all trains.
181. In case of failure of automatic brakes on the train, perform emergency braking and take all possible measures to stop the train. If the attempt to stop the train is unsuccessful, give a general alarm and inform the station attendant or dispatcher about the incident via the train radio on the locomotive, so that they can take measures to freely accept the train at the station or pass through the station. Additionally, it is necessary to inform the head of the train with the requirement to activate the parking (hand) brakes.
The conductor or the conductors of the car, having heard the general alarm signal or seeing the stop signals given from the track, are obliged to open the emergency braking valve and activate the parking (hand) brake on the serviced cars.
After the train stops, find out the reason for the unsatisfactory operation of the brakes. If it is impossible to eliminate the malfunction or restore the action of the brakes on the spot, then the further running of the train should be carried out in the manner established by the owner of the infrastructure.
