array (44) (=> array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (16) "Company" ["LINK"] => string (7) "/ about /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] = > int (0) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (1) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (true)) => array (10) ([" TEXT "] => string (9)" About us "[" LINK "] => string (6)" / about "[" SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "P" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (0) ["PARAMS"] => array ( 1) (["rel"] => string (8) "nofollow") ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (2) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array (10) ([" TEXT "] => string (12)" Feedback "[" LINK "] => string (16)" / about / feedback / "[" SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string ( 1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (1) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL "] => int (2) [" IS_PARENT "] => bool (false)) => array (10) ([" TEXT "] => string (27)" We are repairing "[" LINK "] => string (16) "/ my-remontiruem /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () [" ITEM_TYPE "] => string (1)" D "[" ITEM_INDEX "] => int (1) [" PARAMS "] => array (1) ([" nolink "] => string (1)" Y ") ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (1) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (true)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (27) "Gazelle repair" ["LINK"] => string (14) "/ remont-gazel /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (0) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (2) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (true)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (37) "Gazelle diagnostics" ["LINK"] => string (32) "/ remont-gazel / diagnostika-gazel / "[" SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string (1)" R "[" ADDITIONAL_LINKS "] => array (0) () [" ITEM_ TYPE "] => string (1)" D "[" ITEM_INDEX "] => int (0) [" PARAMS "] => array (0) () [" DEPTH_LEVEL "] => int (3) [" IS_PARENT "] => bool (false)) => array (10) ([" TEXT "] => string (44)" Gazelle engine repair "[" LINK "] => string (28)" / services / remont-dvigatelya / "[" SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string (1)" R "[" ADDITIONAL_LINKS "] => array (0) () [" ITEM_TYPE "] => string (1 ) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (1) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (3) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false) ) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (44) "Gazelle muffler repair" ["LINK"] => string (33) "/ services / remont-sistemy-vypuska /" ["SELECTED" ] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" [" ITEM_INDEX "] => int (2) [" PARAMS "] => array (0) () [" DEPTH_LEVEL "] => int (3) [" IS_PARENT "] => bool (false)) => array (10 ) (["TEXT"] => string (40) "Repair of running Gazelle" ["LINK"] => string (35) "/ remont-gazel / remont-hodov oj-gazel / "[" SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string (1)" R "[" ADDITIONAL_LINKS "] => array (0) () [" ITEM_TYPE "] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (3) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (3) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (32) "Gazelle checkpoint repair" ["LINK"] => string (21) "/ services / remont-kpp /" ["SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string (1)" R "[" ADDITIONAL_LINKS "] => array (0) () [" ITEM_TYPE "] => string (1)" D "[ "ITEM_INDEX"] => int (4) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (3) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array ( 10) (["TEXT"] => string (35) "Gazelle tire fitting" ["LINK"] => string (33) "/ remont-gazel / shinomontazh-gazel /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false ) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (5) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (3) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (39) "Convergence disorder on the Gazelle" ["LINK"] => string (33) "/ remont-gazel / skhod-razval-gazel /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (6) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (3) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array (10) ([ "TEXT"] => string (60) "Gazelle maintenance" ["LINK"] => string (39) "/ remont-gazel / tekh-obsluzhivanie-gazel /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int ( 7) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (3) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (36) "Repair Gazelle Next" ["LINK"] => string (20) "/ remont-gazel-nekst /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => str trucks"[" LINK "] => string (21)" / services / remont-kpp / "[" SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string (1)" R "[" ADDITIONAL_LINKS " ] => array (1) (=> string (21) "/ services / remont-kpp /") ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (5) [ "PARAMS"] => array (3) (["FROM_IBLOCK"] => bool (true) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => string (1) "1") [" DEPTH_LEVEL "] => int (2) [" IS_PARENT "] => bool (false)) => array (10) ([" TEXT "] => string (43)" Release system repair "[" LINK "] = > string (33) "/ services / remont-sistemy-vypuska /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array ( 1) (=> string (33) "/ services / remont-sistemy-vypuska /") ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (6) ["PARAMS" ] => array (3) (["FROM_IBLOCK"] => bool (true) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => string (1) "1") ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (2) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (59) "Remo car chassis nt "[" LINK "] => string (33)" / services / remont-khodovoy-chasti / "[" SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string (1)" R "[" ADDITIONAL_LINKS "] => array (1) (=> string (33)" / services / remont-khodovoy-chasti / ") [" ITEM_TYPE "] => string (1)" D "[" ITEM_INDEX " ] => int (7) ["PARAMS"] => array (3) (["FROM_IBLOCK"] => bool (true) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => string ( 1) "1") ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (2) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (99) "Electrical equipment repair truck transport "[" LINK "] => string (20)" / services / elektrika / "[" SELECTED "] => bool (false) [" PERMISSION "] => string (1)" R "[" ADDITIONAL_LINKS "] => array (1) (=> string (20) "/ services / elektrika /") ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (8) ["PARAMS" ] => array (3) (["FROM_IBLOCK"] => bool (true) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => string (1) "1") ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (2) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (19) "PRICE LIST" ["LINK"] => string ( 12) "/ price-list /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE "] => string (1)" D "[" ITEM_INDEX "] => int (3) [" PARAMS "] => array (0) () [" DEPTH_LEVEL "] => int (1) [" IS_PARENT " ] => bool (false)) => array (10) (["TEXT"] => string (12) "Articles" ["LINK"] => string (7) "/ stati /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (true) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" [" ITEM_INDEX "] => int (4) [" PARAMS "] => array (0) () [" DEPTH_LEVEL "] => int (1) [" IS_PARENT "] => bool (false)) => array (10 ) (["TEXT"] => string (16) "Contacts" ["LINK"] => string (10) "/ contacts /" ["SELECTED"] => bool (false) ["PERMISSION"] => string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array (0) () ["ITEM_TYPE"] => string (1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int (5) ["PARAMS"] => array (0) () ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int (1) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool (false)))
- Company
- We are renovating
- Repair of Gazelles
- Repair Gazelle Next
- Repair GAZ Sobol
- Repair of UAZ
- Services
- Articles
- 26 July 2017
Maintenance of trucks: frequency, scope of work and general recommendations
Every truck needs periodic Maintenance... This is a series of procedures, the purpose of which is to ensure stable operation and High Quality all elements vehicle... Regular maintenance is especially necessary for trucks, which are constantly subjected to significant loads. Lack of timely inspection and repair is the main reason for the decline in truck performance. This important event allows you to effectively use the machine, reduce the cost of its operation and repair.
Maintenance of trucks, in comparison with other types of vehicles, has its own characteristics, which each owner should be familiar with. The make, model and manufacturer of the car are not important - maintenance is equally necessary for both domestic and foreign trucks. Below we will talk about the stages and features of maintenance without reference to the type and model of the vehicle.
Regulations for carrying out maintenance of trucks
Many car owners do not assume that the timing and other aspects of vehicle maintenance are outside the hands of manufacturers and suppliers. These rules are determined by the regulations of the state standard GOST 21624-81, which is called “System of maintenance and repair of automotive equipment. Requirements for the operational manufacturability and maintainability of products ”. This document establishes the timing and frequency of maintenance, contains a list of rules and requirements for the production and repair of automotive equipment.
It is worth noting that automakers also set their own maintenance periods and procedures. However, observations show that the state standard optimally reflects the current state of affairs, and the timing and maintenance rules regulated by it are in many respects similar to the requirements of manufacturers.
Frequency of scheduled maintenance
The state standard describes three types of vehicle maintenance:
- EO - daily service;
- TO -1 - primary maintenance;
- TO -2 - repeated (second) maintenance.
GOST also contains requirements for the frequency of routine maintenance (service interval). It depends on the distance traveled by the truck and is measured in kilometers traveled. Various types of maintenance are required for next steps operation:
- Daily maintenance, as the name suggests, must be carried out once a day;
- The first maintenance is carried out after 4000 kilometers traveled;
- The second maintenance takes place when the truck has traveled 16,000 kilometers.
The GOST does not indicate the timing of the maintenance, which should be carried out during the running-in of the vehicle. These requirements are established by the manufacturer. In most cases, the break-in period for trucks is about 1000 kilometers. Many manufacturers recommend changing the engine and transmission oil when this value is reached. Despite the fact that the first maintenance should be performed with a mileage of 4000 kilometers, the procedure can be carried out earlier if the car owner is not sure of full compliance with the established operating rules. This will help preserve the resource of the engine and transmission, the reduction of which leads to significant problems and financial costs during the subsequent use of the vehicle. For greater confidence, it is recommended to carry out part of the maintenance work with a mileage of 1000 to 1500 kilometers.
GOST also does not indicate another type of maintenance that takes place on the territory of Russia - seasonal maintenance (STO). It is performed every six months in early spring and late summer. The purpose of this procedure is to prepare the vehicle for the upcoming climate changes associated with the change of season.
There are also exceptions to the general requirements. For example, most modern models freight transport from European and American manufacturers, including Iveco brand cars widespread in the territory of the Russian Federation, are characterized by an increased service interval. It can reach 60,000 kilometers. We are talking about the second maintenance (TO-2), which involves the replacement engine oil... This fact does not contradict the rules of the state standard, since the mileage between TO-2 regulated by it does not have an upper limit (only the minimum period is indicated).
Large-sized trucks and mainline tractors have service intervals of up to 100 thousand kilometers. But it is worth considering that this value is set only for the operation of transport in European countries. In Russia, there are many negative factors that accelerate the wear of the engine and other vehicle mechanisms, including poor fuel quality and unacceptable road conditions. If the transport described above is guided by European regulations, then there is a possibility that the truck will fail before reaching the next maintenance or will require significant repair costs.
So at what interval is it more advisable to perform maintenance on a truck? The answer to this question lies in many factors, but in most cases it depends on age. If the vehicle was purchased recently and is still within the warranty period, then the procedure must be carried out according to the dealer's requirements. For cars that have been in operation for a long period, the service interval is determined by the owners themselves. In this case, it is recommended to follow the terms indicated by the manufacturer or the recommendations of GOST.
Approximate scope of work for EO, TO-1, TO-2 and STO
The list of procedures included in the maintenance depends on the mileage of the car:
- Daily service. With EO, the vehicle is inspected for the presence of external defects of individual elements, the performance of the braking system, the integrity of lighting devices and other mechanisms are tested, and the tire pressure is determined. Daily maintenance includes washing the car and refueling it if necessary. In other words, the purpose of the EO is to ensure the operability of freight transport for the current voyage.
- First maintenance. TO-1 includes checking the level of the motor and transmission oil, antifreeze and other fluids in the system. There is an adjustment of various mechanisms of the car - steering, clutch, free wheeling of the pedals. During the first maintenance, the main components and assemblies are lubricated. Lubrication work is carried out in accordance with the card, which must be at the owner of the car or in the service of an official supplier or manufacturer.
- Second maintenance. With TO-2, procedures similar to the previous paragraph and a number of additional activities are performed. First, the engine oil is replaced. Often, it is during the second maintenance that some important components are disassembled and repaired, which were only checked and lubricated during TO-1. In most cases, the service interval specified for a particular truck is similar to the period between the second maintenance.
- Seasonal maintenance. The list of works included in the service station depends on the season of the procedure. At the beginning of autumn, the truck is prepared for winter use. To do this, antifreeze is poured into the cooling system, and antifreeze liquid is added to the washer reservoir. In some cases, the oil in the engine is replaced with a similar one, but with a lower viscosity index. The density of the electrolyte of the batteries is checked and regulated without fail. Before the onset of frost, condensate should be removed from the receivers pneumatic system and replace dehumidifiers. At negative temperatures, it is recommended to drain the condensate 1-2 times a week. At the beginning of spring, the list of works for service stations is noticeably smaller, since the requirements for operating conditions in the warm season are lower, and most trucks are perfectly adapted to them.
During the year, the owner of the truck undergoes several types of maintenance. As practice shows, the average value of the annual mileage of freight vehicles in Russia is in the range of 40,000 (with optimal exploitation) up to 250,000 kilometers (with intensive use without downtime). Judging by these data, trucks need to go through TO-2 2-3 times a year, which entails significant financial costs. But this cannot be avoided - without timely maintenance, the vehicle will quickly develop its resource and will need serious and more expensive repairs.
Any vehicle needs regular maintenance - a set of measures aimed at maintaining efficiency and performance characteristics of all components and assemblies of the vehicle. Regular maintenance is very important for trucks, as they are constantly exposed to serious loads, and if maintenance is not done on time, the truck's life will be drastically reduced. So maintenance is an important event that affects the efficiency of the vehicle, the cost of operating and repairing it.
Maintenance of trucks is different from servicing other types of vehicles, it has its own characteristics that every truck owner should be aware of. And here the brand, model and manufacturer of the car does not matter - both domestic and foreign trucks of all classes need maintenance equally. Therefore, here we will look at how the maintenance of trucks is carried out without reference to their types, brands and models.
Truck Maintenance Standards and Requirements
Few car owners know that the frequency of routine maintenance and a number of other aspects of vehicle maintenance is not a whim of automakers and dealers, but a measure regulated by a state standard. In particular, in Russia today the standard GOST 21624-81 “System of maintenance and repair of automobile equipment. Requirements for the operational manufacturability and maintainability of products ", which, among other things, establishes the timing of maintenance, and also prescribes a number of requirements for the design of vehicles and their maintenance.
However, no one prevents car manufacturers from setting their own terms and requirements for maintenance, but, as practice shows, the standard well reflects the actual state of affairs and the terms of routine maintenance and the requirements set by it are fully consistent with the terms and requirements of automakers.
Scheduled maintenance intervals
The GOST 21624-81 standard establishes three types of vehicle maintenance:
Daily Maintenance (EO);
First TO (TO-1);
Second TO (TO-2).
The standard also establishes the frequency of routine maintenance (or service interval), it is measured in kilometers of vehicle mileage. Speaking specifically about trucks, the frequency different types THAT is the following:
EO - every day (once a day);
TO-1 - at least 4000 km;
TO-2 - at least 16,000 km.
It should be noted right away that the standard does not determine the frequency of maintenance that should be carried out during the break-in period of the car - here the manufacturer is responsible for everything. However, for trucks, run-in lasts an average of 1000 km, and many manufacturers, upon reaching this mileage, recommend replacing the engine and sometimes transmission oil. A number of manufacturers recommend performing the first maintenance only with a mileage of 4000 km, however, this is recommended only to those drivers who fully followed the recommendations for running in the car, otherwise the engine and transmission resource will be sharply reduced, which is fraught with serious costs in the future. So for greater reliability and safety, it is better to do some maintenance work with a mileage of 1000 - 1500 km.
Also, the standard does not establish another type of maintenance that is in fact present in Russia - seasonal maintenance (or service station). It is held every six months in spring and autumn, and is necessary to prepare the car for the upcoming seasonal changes climatic conditions.
However, there are exceptions to any rule. For example, many current models of European and American trucks, including Iveco, have an extended service interval, which can reach 40-60 thousand km. We are talking about TO-2, in which the engine oil is replaced and other measures are taken. And immediately it should be noted that this does not contradict the requirements of the standard, since it indicates the minimum mileage between TO-2, and nothing is said about the maximum.
Although this is not the limit. Many trucks and mainline tractors have an service interval of 80 - 100 thousand km, but there is one "but" - such an interval is set only for vehicles operated in Europe, for Russia it is completely unacceptable. In our country, trucks are faced with a number of negative factors that lead to increased wear of the engine and other units - low-quality fuel, poor road conditions, finally, poor-quality service, etc. And if for the same Iveco Eurocargo or Trakker to be guided by European standards for the frequency of maintenance, then the truck simply will not "live" until the next MOT, and if it does "live", it will require large repair costs.
Here the question is pertinent, with what frequency is it best to carry out maintenance of the car? It all depends on the age of the car and some other factors. If the truck is new and is still under warranty, then the service must be visited within the timeframe set by the dealer. For old cars, the service interval is chosen by the owners themselves, but in this case it is worth adhering to either the dealer's terms, or the manufacturer's recommendations, or the above standard.
Approximate scope of work for EO, TO-1, TO-2 and STO
So what is included in the maintenance work? It all depends on the mileage, that is, on the type of maintenance.
Daily service. With EO, the car is inspected for the integrity of individual mechanisms and for the presence of breakdowns, the operability is checked brake system, lighting devices and other mechanisms, the tire pressure is measured, and the car is washed and refueled (if necessary). That is, the EO is aimed at ensuring that the car leaves without any problems and fulfills the assigned tasks.
First MOT. With TO-1, the level of all technical fluids (oils, coolant, etc.) is checked, as well as the adjustment of various mechanisms - steering, clutch drive, brake pedal free play and others. Finally, with TO-1, the lubrication of the components, assemblies and mechanisms that require it is carried out. Lubrication work is carried out according to the map, which must be in the car or in the service of an authorized dealer.
Second MOT... With TO-2, the same work is carried out as with TO-1, as well as a number of other activities. First of all, the replacement of the engine oil. Often, it is during TO-2 that some units are disassembled and repaired, which were simply adjusted and lubricated during TO-1. Typically, the service interval specified for this particular vehicle corresponds to the time between maintenance-2.
Seasonal maintenance. Workshop activities depend on the time of its holding. So, in the fall, during the service station, it is necessary to prepare the car for operation in the cold season (that is, at negative air temperatures). To do this, antifreeze is poured into the cooling system (although in most modern cars water is practically not used anymore), an anti-freeze liquid is in the washer reservoir, and oil of a low viscosity is in the engine (although this is far from always required). It is also mandatory to check and, if necessary, adjust the density of the electrolyte of the batteries. Finally, in the fall, it is necessary to drain the condensate from the receivers of the pneumatic system and replace the dehumidifiers (in the future, when frost sets in, it is recommended to drain the condensate at least once a week). In the spring, the amount of maintenance work is less, since trucks are much better suited for operation in the warm season than in the cold season.
Thus, the owner of the truck carries out several different types of maintenance throughout the year. As practice shows, the average annual mileage of trucks in Russia ranges from 40,000 km (with moderate operation) to 250,000 km (with active operation without downtime), and the average annual mileage is about 100,000 km. This means that, on average, a truck passes MOT-2 two, and sometimes three times a year, which requires corresponding costs. However, this cannot be avoided - without maintenance, the car will quickly deplete its resource and will require even higher costs.
Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below
Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
Similar documents
Calculation of the annual volume of work, the number of workers and the number of posts of the service station. Distribution of annual volumes of work by type and place of performance. Determination of the total number of posts and car seats. Determination of the composition of the areas.
term paper, added 06/18/2012
Calculation of the capacity of a car service station. Distribution of annual volumes of work by type and place of performance. Calculation of the number of employees, the number of work stations and the number of car waiting and storage places. Composition and area of premises.
test, added 02/16/2012
Calculation of the annual scope of work at the car service station, their distribution by type and place of implementation. Calculation of the number of workers, the number of posts and car-waiting and storage places. Determination of areas and equipment requirements.
term paper added 01/27/2011
Allocation of scope of work of maintenance and maintenance cars by type and location. Formation production zones, sites and work stations. Calculation of the number of car waiting and storage places. Site technology.
term paper added on 05/28/2014
Distribution of annual volumes of work by type and place of performance. Determination of the total number of posts and car-places of the projected workshop. Composition and area of premises. The results of the selection of the main technological equipment for the painting area.
term paper added 01/31/2015
Determination of the annual scope of work in service center... Market segmentation. Labor intensity of maintenance and repair passenger cars... Distribution of annual volumes of work by type and place of performance. Calculation of the staffing number of workers.
test, added 04/13/2014
Technological calculation of the service station according to body repair cars for 3 work stations. Car service organization system. Distribution of annual volumes of work by type and place of performance. Equipment and number of employees.
term paper added on 12/09/2013
The organization of maintenance and repair is based on the technological principle of the formation of production units, in which each type of technical impact (TO_1, TO_2, TR, cars, repair of components and assemblies, etc.) is carried out by specialized sections (divisions). Subdivisions performing homogeneous types of technical impact are combined into production complexes: a production preparation complex, a car maintenance complex and a maintenance complex.
The production preparation complex unites divisions that carry out the repair of units, assemblies, the restoration and manufacture of parts, as well as other work not related to their direct implementation on cars. It includes: engine, aggregate workshop, brake system unit repair workshop, battery and carburetor workshop, vulcanization workshop, lathe, paint, wallpaper, tin, blacksmith and copper workshops, assembly area, intermediate warehouse, washing department, transport area. The production preparation complex implements the main task - the provision of TR and TO complexes with spare parts, assemblies, assemblies and materials.
The assembly section provides the preparation of components and assemblies for sending for overhaul to car refineries in accordance with the delivery plan and other work to maintain the established minimum stock of parts, serviceable assemblies and assemblies.
The intermediate warehouse is the most important link in the complex. Its functions include: storage of circulating units, materials and repair stock, the issuance of these materials, components and assemblies.
The TR complex unites divisions that perform work on replacing faulty units, assemblies and parts of cars with serviceable ones, as well as fastening, adjusting and other work on TR directly on cars. The complex includes indoor vehicle TR zones, a tire fitting section, a welding section, a trailer repair shop, as well as an open TR zone in the summer.
The TP zone is equipped with a direct-flow inspection ditch and a crane girder with a lifting capacity of 2.0 tons.
The tire fitting section includes posts for dismantling and assembly, tire replacement. The site has a stand for dismantling tires, a wheel wrench, a compressor and a tire inflation device, two protective devices for tire inflation.
The welding section includes two posts for the production of gas welding on a car or its assemblies and parts, and for the production of electric welding. The site is equipped with appropriate equipment.
The complex of maintenance and diagnostics performs maintenance, routine maintenance, related repairs and diagnostics of rolling stock. The complex includes two specialized teams performing: TO_1 and diagnostic work; TO_2, routine maintenance and related repairs.
The specialization of TR posts makes it possible to mechanize labor-intensive work as much as possible, reduce the need for equipment of the same type, improve working conditions, and employ less skilled workers. As a result, the quality of work and labor productivity are increased.
Scheme of organization of maintenance and repair of cars
The scope of TO and TR is distributed at the place of its implementation according to technological and organizational characteristics. MOT and TR are performed at posts and production sites (departments). The sentry includes work on maintenance and repair performed directly on the car (washing, cleaning, lubricating, fastening, diagnostic, etc.). Inspection and repair of units, mechanisms and assemblies removed from the vehicle are carried out in the areas (aggregate, mechanical, electrical).
According to the frequency, the list and the complexity of the work on the maintenance of cars, they are divided into the following types: daily maintenance (EO); periodic maintenance (TO), seasonal service(CO).
EO includes refueling and monitoring to ensure daily safety and maintenance of proper appearance car. Most of the EO is performed by the car driver before leaving, on the road or upon returning to the parking lot.
MOT provides for the implementation of a certain amount of work through the established operational mileage of the vehicle. In accordance with the standards for maintenance of trucks, according to the frequency of the EO, it is performed once a day, maintenance-1 after 3000 km, maintenance-2 after 12,000 km of run.
CO provides for the performance of maintenance and additional operations to prepare the car for winter or summer operation.
A repair is a set of works to eliminate the malfunctions that have arisen and restore the performance of the car as a whole or the unit. Car repair is carried out as needed and includes control and diagnostic, disassembly and assembly, locksmith, mechanical, welding, tin, painting, electrical work. For the high-quality performance of maintenance and repairs, the enterprise is equipped with the necessary posts, devices, instruments, tools, tools and equipment, technical documentation.
The main part of maintenance and repair work is carried out at posts in the area of maintenance and repair of vehicles. In addition, maintenance and repair of power system devices and electrical equipment are performed at the diagnostics site; welding, tin, bodywork, tire fitting, vulcanization, painting - in specialized areas. Battery works are carried out at the accumulator section.
The purpose of this diploma project is the reconstruction of the service station of the LLC "Praktik A" enterprise, by organizing the zone of TO and TR cargo Hyundai cars HD 65, 72, 78 and Hyundai County buses in such a way that the workshop area is used rationally, so that all technological processes in the maintenance and repair of cars are carried out in accordance with the new operating conditions of the enterprise. As a result of the technological calculation, the areas that are necessary for the full functioning of the repair zone of Praktik A LLC should be identified in connection with the increase in the number of rolling stock service posts. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally manage these areas and get the maximum effect from their use.
The enterprise became official dealer Hyundai in January 2006. At the time, it was called Hyundai Verra Motors. In October 2007, the Hyundai car sales and service division was separated from the large Verra Motors holding. The new car center began to be located in the Kama valley and became known as Silver Motors LLC. Since July 2008, a division of powers took place: Silver Motors LLC is engaged in the sale and warranty service cars, and the internal company LLC "Praktik A" is engaged in the maintenance of cars.
Introduction 7
1 Business analysis 9
- 1.1 general characteristics enterprises 9
- 1.2 Main directions of activity of the enterprise 10
- 1.3 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise 11
- 1.4 Organizational structure of Praktik A LLC 14
2 Project part 19
- 2.1 Choice of source data 19
- 2.2.1 Calculation of the annual scope of work of the workshop 19
- 2.2.2 Distribution of the annual scope of work 20
- 2.2.3 Calculation of the annual scope of work for self-service workshop 21
- 2.2 Annual scope of work of workshop 19
- 2.3 Calculating the number of production workers 22
- 2.4 Calculation of the number of posts and parking spaces 23
- 2.4.1 Calculation of work stations 24
- 2.4.2 Calculation of the car - waiting places 25
- 2.5 Calculation of the area of premises 25
- 2.5.1 Calculation of the areas of posts of the zone of TO and TP 25
- 2.5.2 Calculation production areas occupied by equipment 26
- 2.5.3 Calculation of warehouse areas 28
- 2.5.4 The total area of the projected area of TO and TR 29
3 Design part 30
- 3.1 Description of the developed structure 30
- 3.2 Design calculations of the structure 31
- 3.2.1 Wheel selection 31
- 3.2.2 Calculation of load-bearing elements of the hoist for bending strength 32
- 3.2.3 Force calculation of bogie arms 33
- 3.2.4 Compression bending strength check of the lifting pin 36
- 3.2.5 Design Calculation of Pull Pin Bending Strength 37
- 3.3 Economic calculation of the bogie 39
- 3.3.1 Calculation of the cost of manufacturing the trolley 39
- 3.3.2 Calculation of the cost of production of constituent elements 41
4 Feasibility study of the project 43
- 4.1 Fixed production assets 43
- 4.2 Calculation planned cost renovation works 44
- 4.3 Determination of relative technical and economic indicators 46
- 4.4 Determining the economic efficiency of the project 47
5 Life safety and environmental safety 50
- 5.1 Life safety 50
- 5.1.1 Analysis of the state of labor protection in LLC "Praktik A" 50
- 5.1.2 Occupational safety requirements for the repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment 51
- 5.1.3 Organization of work aimed at reducing industrial injuries and general improvement of working conditions 57
- 5.2 Environmental safety at the workshop "Practician A" 58
Conclusion 66
List of used literature 67
