A neighbor at the entrance put an automatic washing machine on the landing for further removal to the trash, as a repairman told him, a kirdyk came to the motor. Not only Samodelkin, not when in life, will pass by the thrown out unit without taking it for parts or at least not looking inside at the contents. I am sick of the same, I decided to save my neighbor from hard physical work, taking the unit to the trash can and took it for spare parts to my village.
In the photo: One of the most useful parts of the insides washing machine.
Everything was dismantled into useful bells and whistles and it was time to check the condition of the engine.
Paragraph 1. Checking the motor.
To check the motor and upgrade the Lighting Dimmer, we need tools.
* Instrument (tester)
* Electrician's side cutters
*Dimmer
* Soldering iron
Inside there was such a collector universal motor MCA 52 \ 64 -148 \ KT11 390W. 13000 RPM
In the picture we see a seven-pin large connector, on the left all monochrome blue wires come out (to make it more difficult for the layman to understand) and one yellow-green (ground), on the right there are wires that go directly into the motor, if you look from the top, then two red (on the travel sensor ), blue for brush 1, purple for another brush 2, black (midpoint of the motor windings), orange (two stator windings).
We will strip all the outgoing blue wires for continuity with their device.
Disconnect the connector and call the tester which of the blue wires to which motor wire comes, so as not to forget, you need to write down, sketch.
For a simple start of the motor, we only need two orange, blue and purple wires, the rest can be bitten off or isolated for future homemade products.
According to this scheme, you need to connect the motor.
You can check the operation of the motor, everything works (as in most cases it does), only the bearings should be replaced.
This is how the repair specialists carry out the diagnostics, the price of such a new motor is 6000 rubles + installation work.
Point 2. Reverse.
This type of motor can be reversed, which is what the washing machine does during washing, for this you need to change the connection of the brush from one winding to another, only to do this after a complete stop and the motor is de-energized.
Scheme. Reverse with a toggle switch.
The toggle switch itself.
Point 3. Regulation of revolutions by a light dimmer.
You can also adjust the speed by decreasing - increasing the current, for example, using a wire rheostat of the required power or using a triac with a PWM controller.
As the simplest and most affordable, this is a dimmer for lighting (photo below), only before the first connection you need to look at what maximum current the regulator is designed for, we need a tenfold overlap of the rated power of the motor, because the starting current of our motor jumps from 8-10A and higher, even without load.
The cheapest dimmer.
If the dimmer turned out to be like mine at 3A, then it can be modified by finding the necessary triac directly on the control board of the washing machine itself, where all the parameters are just calculated for this motor.
To do this, we will trace the path from the place where the motor terminal is connected to the board and along the widest paths, one of which will definitely fit on one of the legs of the part we need (in my case, this is a BTB16 triac with three legs).
Disconnect the radiator mount and solder the part being careful not to overheat.
We solder the resulting triac together with the radiator to replace the old part in the regulator, now you can safely connect a load of 10 A and at the time of start-up even up to 16A.
Content:
Over time, the washing machine either becomes outdated morally and physically, or breaks down. Some throw it away, but often the engines are removed from the machine - the engine from the washing machine will certainly come in handy on the farm. But after a certain time, when the need arises from the engine from the washing machine to do something useful, you have to figure out how to connect it to the mains. Later in the article, we will explain in detail how to use an electric motor from an old washing machine.
Engine types
The motor connections are inextricably linked to the design of the motor. For this reason, if something is started with a used one. engine, preferably primarily by outward appearance determine its device and only after that connect the electric motor from the washing machine to the 220 V network and start it up. But in the old inexpensive models of washing machines, only two types of engines were used:
- collector.
Asynchronous motor the washing machine was usually placed on the tub for washing clothes. The centrifuge, which was wringing out the laundry, provided for the use of a collector motor, since this electric motor rotates faster. Therefore, if you are dealing with a washing machine of this design, you can have an idea in advance of where and what type of engine is installed, and which motor to remove from the washing machine if necessary.
But if the engines were removed a long time ago, and it is necessary to connect the motor from the washing machine to the 220 V network, first of all we check if the rotor has a collector. If this is not clear due to the design of the housing, it is necessary to disassemble the engine from the old washing machine by removing the cover from the side opposite to the shaft.
Collector motor
If the engine is still collector, it is recommended to tidy up the collector and the surfaces adjacent to it, cleaning them from graphite dust before connecting the motor. Also, before starting the engine from the washing machine, it makes sense to decide whether it is necessary to make connections that change the direction of rotation of the shaft. If required, it is possible to switch the brushes. For a collector motor from an old washing machine, it is characteristic that the brushes, and accordingly the rotor, are connected in series with the stator.
This is typical for the engine from washing machine and for most collector network connection engines. The collector motors of all household electrical appliances are arranged in the same way. To change the direction of rotation of the shaft, it is necessary to swap the terminals of the brushes with a switch (i.e. 1 and 2, as the electric motor connection diagram below shows).
The rotational speed and power of the motor of a washing machine with a manifold depend on the voltage. Therefore, they can be easily adjusted with a dimmer. For this, terminals 1 and 4 or 2 and 4, if terminal 2, in the event of switching, takes the place of terminal 1, connect to the dimmer and use its regulator to select the required shaft rotation speed. With direct connection to the network, the shaft revolutions will be as high as possible. The collector motor from the washing machine is controlled by a special circuit, much like a dimmer.
The main difference is that it uses the start of rotation cycles from various sensors. In the collector engines of more expensive models of washing machines, there may be a couple of additional wires from the tachogenerator. Therefore, before connecting the motor to the washing machine, they must be correctly identified. Although this is not difficult to do with the smaller section of these wires.
- Some devices used an electromagnetic brake. He can add two more wires. This design feature you also need to take into account when connecting the motor from the washing machine.
You do not have to use these wires when connecting the collector motor to the mains. Therefore, if any homemade products with an engine control circuit are not foreseen, these wires can simply be cut off so that they do not cause confusion. Long-term connection of the washing machine electric motor to the 220 V network causes its significant heating. For normal operation of both the insulation and the bearings, it is necessary to limit their heating by forced cooling. Therefore, it is recommended to put the impeller on the engine shaft and only then turn it on.
Some models of the brushed motor from the washing machine may contain another pair of wires. Such a nuance is typical for devices with one motor, as a rule, of a drum type. These sliders rotate the drum slower during washing and faster during spinning. To do this, they are equipped with two additional outputs, which regulate the speed of rotation of the shaft. These characteristics are usually displayed on the motor nameplate, an example of which is shown in the image below. WASHING is the wash mode and SPIN is the spin mode.
According to the nameplate, you can determine to what voltage you need to connect the motor with an additional winding. Since the currents are indicated the same, and the powers differ by a factor of 10, it is obvious that a lower voltage is applied to the outputs of the engine corresponding to the washing mode. Its approximate value can be obtained by dividing the indicated power (30 watts) by the indicated amperage and the correction factor k. Its value can be determined based on the fact that another power value (300 watts) is obtained when the engine is started at a voltage of 220 V.
The value of k for the WASHING mode may be different, but for an initial estimate of the voltage value, this calculation option is quite suitable.
We get
The actual voltage value will be shown by the experimental connection of the washing machine motor through a transformer or LATR. If such a dual mode is needed in any craft, based on the calculations shown, it will be possible to select an additional low-voltage power supply (usually a transformer).
Asynchronous motor
Asynchronous motors are less resourceful and develop a speed of less than 1500 rpm when powered with a voltage of 220 V. Their design contains two windings:
- launcher,
- working.
Therefore, before connecting the electric motor from the washing machine, first of all, you need to correctly determine these windings. There are usually four wires coming out of an induction motor. But there are also three. Each pair in a four-wire motor corresponds to a specific winding. It is known that the resistance of the starting winding is greater. Therefore, in order to find where which winding is, it is necessary to measure the resistance of each of them with a tester. In principle, for the operation of an asynchronous motor from a 220 V network, it is enough to connect only the working winding to it.
But the problem in this case will be with engine overclocking. It will be necessary to spin the shaft by applying an external force to the speed at which the engine will independently reach operating speed. This method of starting, especially if there is a load on the shaft or even more so on the gearbox, is unacceptable. For this reason, a starting winding is used. To understand what to do with it, you need to familiarize yourself with the connection diagrams of such engines. They clearly show that in any circuit one terminal of the working winding is connected to one terminal of the starting winding.
Therefore, that model of the engine, which has three wires, already has a connection of these windings inside the case, and it remains only to complete one of the circuits. How to figure out where which winding is is clearly shown in the diagram at the top right. The user decides which scheme to choose. In principle, you can only use the button that you press when starting the engine. Then, at start-up, the torque on the engine shaft will turn out to be the largest of all the options for the schemes. But in this case, the maximum load on the button contacts is obtained due to the highest current in the starting winding.
In addition, there is a risk of burning this winding if it is connected directly to the network for too long (and it is not known how long it can be powered with 220 V by connecting directly to the network). The same will happen if the value of the resistor is too small, and that of the capacitance is too large. Therefore, to increase the starting torque, a large-capacity capacitor is made disconnectable after acceleration of the engine shaft. The most balanced option is "Capacitive phase displacement with a working capacitor". This scheme is recommended for use without any reservations. Especially if the engine starts with an unloaded shaft and the capacitance of the capacitor is small, on the order of 1-2 μF.
The direction of rotation of the asynchronous motor shaft from the washing machine depends on the sequence of connecting the terminals of the starting and working windings. If three wires leave the engine, it will not be possible to reverse it without breaking the connection of the winding leads hidden in its case. For reverse, the terminals of the starting winding must be reversed.
We will send the material to you by e-mail
Scrap collectors will be happy to take your old washing machine away from you. But do not rush to please them. You will not help out a little money for scrap, but if you approach this issue wisely, you can acquire many useful things for household... Homemade products from the engine from the washing machine will help you quickly clean a bird from a feather, cut pet food, mow the lawn, smoke fish and meat. And this is not a complete list of what can be done from a washing machine. Today in the editorial review of the site detailed instructions how to give a new life to the "iron heart" of a washing machine.
Washing machine parts - material for many useful homemade products
If you are going to make homemade products from a used engine, you need to figure out what it is and what it is capable of. In you can find three types of motors: asynchronous, brushless and brushed. Let's take a closer look at them:
- Asynchronous- can be two-phase or three-phase. Two-phase engines are found in old models of Soviet production. More modern machines are equipped with a three-phase one. The design of such an engine is extremely simple, it can reach speeds of up to 2800 rpm. The working engine removed from the machine just needs to be lubricated - and it is ready for new exploits.
- Collector- you will find this type of motor in the design of most household appliances. Such devices can operate on direct and alternating current, have compact dimensions and controllable speed. The only drawback of this engine is the washable brushes, but these parts can be replaced if necessary.
- Brushless direct drive- the most modern engine from a Korean manufacturer. You will find it in modern washing machines from LG and Samsung.
Now that you can determine the type of motor, it remains to decide where you can apply the motor from the washing machine.
We correctly disassemble and decide what can be done from the parts of the old washing machine
Dismantling a washing machine is a slow business. After working with water, salt build-up may remain on the parts, it must be carefully removed so as not to damage the parts when removing. What can be made from an old washing machine? For homemade products, a motor is useful - it will become the basis for many devices. The drum will also be used. It is usually made of stainless steel. Disconnect all pipes from the drum. A loading hatch may also be useful. In addition to these parts, do not rush to throw away the springs, counterweights and body parts.
How to make a sharpener or grinder from a washing machine motor
A sharpener is one of the most sought-after home tools. It can be used to sharpen garden tools, household knives and scissors. If you don't already have one, buy it at any tool store or make a grinder from a washing machine. The most difficult moment is how to attach the emery wheel to the motor. The easiest way is to buy a ready-made flange. It looks something like this.
You can grind a flange from a metal pipe of a suitable diameter, most often a pipe with a cross section of 32 mm is suitable. From it you need to cut a piece 15 centimeters long, this is quite enough to fix the emery. The flange is secured to the motor shaft by welding or through bolt. The video describes in detail how a do-it-yourself grind from a washing machine works:
We make a lathe for wood from a washing machine
What else can you do with the washer motor? One popular idea is a wood lathe. Let's consider a step-by-step process.
| Illustration | Description of action |
|---|---|
 | Use a metal corner to secure the motor firmly to the workbench. To do this, drill holes for fixing to the motor feet and table. |
 | To attach a wooden part, you need a flange fixed to the motor shaft, and these are the studs made from ordinary shear-headed bolts. Screw these pins into the base. You will need 3 studs. |
 | The motor is fixed to the table with self-tapping screws, to the metal part - with bolts. |
 | The opposite end of the wooden part is attached with such a fixture. It consists of a screw with a loop, two wooden supports perpendicularly fixed to the corners. |
 | This piece of wood must be movable so that different pieces can be used. For mobility, it is attached to a threaded rod with bolts. |
 | A power supply is required to control the motor. One of the computer units can be used. You will need to install switches to adjust the rotation speed. |
 | How to connect a motor to a power supply in animation. |
 | To guide the instruments, make a handcuff. It consists of two wooden parts and a metal corner. All parts are movable due to fastening with one bolt. |
 | The lower part of the handcuff is rigidly fixed on the workbench with self-tapping screws and corners. |
 | The workpiece is fixed on the machine from two sides: on the left - on pins, on the right - on a bolt with a handle. To fix it in the workpiece, you need to drill the appropriate holes. |
 | For work, you will need sharpened tools - cutters. |
 | The final sanding of the workpiece is done with a strip of sandpaper. |
How to make a simple feather removal machine from a washing machine with your own hands for household needs
Slaughtering poultry is a troublesome stage. Usually they do this in the fall, when the ducks and broilers have reached the desired weight, and it is no longer profitable to keep them in the winter. You need to pinch a few dozen or even hundreds of carcasses very quickly. You can get rid of hard labor with the help of a pen-removable machine, and you can easily do everything from the same details of the washing machine.
For the device, you do not need to disassemble the washing machine. It is especially convenient to use top-loading machines. You just need to fix the beats in the drum so that they look inward. Before plucking the chicken, the carcass must be scalded with boiling water, and then simply thrown into a rotating drum. Here's what you get:
Important! To prevent water from entering the feathering machine motor, you need to protect it with a plastic cover.
And the last point - the feathering device must be firmly fixed, since the vibration when loading the carcass will be very strong.
Used Lawn Mower
We continue to look for the answer to the question of where you can use the motor from the washing machine. Another original idea is manufacturing. For a small area, an electrical model tied to a power source with a cord is sufficient. The device of such a unit is very simple. You will need to make a platform on four wheels with a small diameter.
The motor is fixed on top of the platform, the shaft is threaded through the hole at the bottom, and a knife is attached to it. It remains only to attach handles and a lever to the cart to turn the power on and off. If you have an asynchronous motor lying around, you will be surprised how quiet the unit will turn out, even in comparison with the factory models.
Advice! To prevent grass from wrapping around the knives, you need to slightly bend their cutting edges down.
Video: how to make a lawn mower
Animal feed cutter
For a villager, a feed cutter is a very important device in the household. And this unit is easy to make from. What can be used: a drum and a motor.
For a feed cutter, you will need to make a body in which a drum with sharpened holes for cutting and a cover for pressing will be mounted. The connection between the rotating drum and the motor is via a drive. The finished model looks like this:
How to assemble a generator from an old washing machine
We continue to consider homemade products from the motor from the washing machine, and the turn came to the generator. You won't be able to assemble a powerful device, but you can prepare for an emergency shutdown. To turn the engine into a generator, you will have to disassemble it and partially cut off the core. In the rest of the core, you need to make grooves for neodymium magnets.
The gaps between the magnets are filled with cold welding. To operate the device, you need to include a motorcycle battery, a rectifier and a charge controller in the kit. Details of work in the video:
Homemade concrete mixer
If you have started a small renovation that requires, for example, plastering the walls, a concrete mixer will come in handy. And again, the parts of the washing machine will come in handy.
As a container for concrete, you can use the same drum with pre-sealed holes for draining water. It is best to use parts from a front-loading machine, there is almost nothing to redo. To strengthen the body, use a metal corner, and for convenient movement of the concrete mixer, equip it with wheels. The main difficulty in the design is the manufacture of a "swing" for the correct tilt and subsequent pouring of concrete. How to do it correctly in the video:
Homemade products from the engine from the washing machine: circular saw
You will be surprised, but a circular can also be built on the basis of a washing machine motor. An important point in this question - optional equipment motor with a device that regulates speed. Without this additional module, the circular will work unevenly and simply will not cope with the task at hand. Device assembly diagram:
The principle of operation of the device is simple: the engine drives the shaft on which the small pulley is worn. From the small pulley comes drive belt onto a large pulley with a circular saw.
Important! Take care of your hands when working with a homemade circular. All structural parts must be firmly fixed.
The resulting unit will not be very powerful, so it can only be used to dissolve boards up to 5 cm thick.How does such a homemade circular work:
What else can be made from a washing machine drum: original decor ideas
The drum, with its correct perforation, is a material for the manufacture of decorative items. Here are some interesting ideas.
Bedside tables and tables. Top-loading drums with a door can hide the little things you need.
We make a brazier from a drum from a washing machine, photo examples
- the product is temporary. Sooner or later, it burns out and needs to be replaced. Each time you can buy a new one or use an improvised material, for example, a drum from a washing machine. Making this craft out of a washing machine drum takes a couple of minutes. The beauty is that oxygen easily enters the perforated container, which causes active combustion.
The drum metal will be able to withstand a couple of seasons. Make a comfortable stand for him so that you can not bend over, and you're done. Standard length skewers will fit comfortably on a small brazier. If necessary, you can lightly tack a pair of rails by welding.
How to make a good smoker from a washing machine drum
The cherry on the cake in our question is. Fragrant smoked meat, bacon and fish - what could be better for the table? If you have a tank from a top-loading car lying around in your shed or garage - consider it in the bag.
In the bottom of the tank, it is necessary to cut a hole for the firebox, weld fasteners inside for hanging products. It remains only to install the tank on the hearth, hang the fish or bacon, cover the top of the tank with a lid and ignite the sawdust.
It is important that the fuel under the smoker is smoldering and not burning. It is better to place such a device away from home.
Important! You will have to look after such a smokehouse. It cannot be left for a long time, the fire can flare up, and instead of smoked, you will get a burnt product.
But in this world, nothing is eternal. Washing machines also deteriorate and need to be replaced. But in some families there are self-made men. They will not take such an interesting thing as a washing machine to the landfill on the day of the breakdown, but will take it apart and leave the most interesting details in their men's household. And there are many interesting things in the car. The most important thing is the electric motor. It’s worth talking about it in more detail. How to connect the washing machine motor to the network - we'll talk about this in this article.
PHOTO: 1stiralnaya.ru
Every ordinary user is not at all obliged to understand well the electrical circuit of the washing machine. This is necessary for those who are engaged in the repair of this representative of complex household appliances. But a general idea of its structure will not hurt anyone.
PHOTO: 1stiralnaya.ru
Any washing machine consists of a mechanical and an electrical part. Mechanics include the body, door, drum, all bearings and gears. Springs are installed to cushion the machine from shaking during spinning. Water is supplied to and drained from the machine through hoses, which are fixed in branch pipes with seals. In the drainage system, a drain pump is installed at the outlet. A three-section tray is built into the machine for loading detergents.
The electrical part includes an electric motor, an electrical circuit for its switching on, a drain pump motor, a set of devices that form an algorithm and the safety of the washing process.
Electrical diagram the washing machine is primarily designed to turn on the motor.
The electric motor and drum are parts that easily pass into another life. Especially the motor. There are models equipped with two electric motors: one is the main one for washing, with a rotation speed of about 2000 rpm, and the second is a high-speed one for a spinning centrifuge, with a rotation speed of about 3000 rpm.
The control system implements the washing program chosen by the hostess. In older cars, they are based on time relays, in modern cars this is electronic systems... A certain time is allocated for each operation of the program, a command is formed to turn on the engine in one direction or another. Some models have a third electric motor that drives the programming cam.
The control circuit monitors the temperature of the motor windings in order to protect it from overload. Level and pressure sensors provide information to control the water supply. The heating of the liquid for washing also occurs in the machine itself. A temperature regulator (thermostat), which works in conjunction with a temperature sensor, turns electrical heaters on and off. If the engine is in a machine with variable speed, then a speed sensor (tachogenerator) is provided in the control system.
The owner sets his wishes to the car from the control panel located in the upper front of the car body.
For the safety of the user, all machines are equipped with a locking system. It prevents the motor from starting when the loading door is open and the door from opening when there is water in the machine. A non-return valve on the water supply pipe protects against flooding.
The washing machine is connected to the mains with a three-pole earthed plug.
What you need to consider when connecting motors from a washing machine of different types
The washing machine is connected to the electrical network in accordance with "PUE 7. Rules for Electrical Installations".
PHOTO: 1stiralnaya.ru
Even a superficial acquaintance with the device of the machine and its electrical circuit provide a more conscious operation and the ability to minimize the number of emergency situations. A schematic diagram is a graphical representation of the main electrical components of a machine and the connections between them.
There are three types of electric motors used in washing machines.
Asynchronous
In most washing machines of previous years, three-phase asynchronous motors are used, each of which consists of a stationary stator and a rotating rotor. The alternating current initiates a rotating magnetic field in the stator winding sections, which induces a current in the rotor. This secondary induced current interacts with the magnetic field of the stator, and a force that rotates it begins to act on the rotor, thanks to which it begins to rotate and transfer its rotation to the devices associated with it.
Engines of this type are simple in design, unpretentious in maintenance, and reliable in operation. The main disadvantages are large inrush currents and difficulties in controlling the rotation speed.
PHOTO: elektt.blogspot.com
Collector
In collector motors, the windings are located on both the stator and the rotor. The current is supplied to the rotor through a device called a "collector", which consists of lamellas fixed on the rotor shaft, and two "brushes" stationary relative to the stator.
PHOTO: elektt.blogspot.com
The collector motor runs on both AC and direct current... Here it is easy to regulate the speed by changing the value of the supply voltage. As an industrial device, you can use a dimmer of a suitable power from the lighting system.
Inverter
The inverter motor in the washing machine is the most modern solution. The principle of operation is that in the built-in inverter alternating current the electrical network is converted into direct current, and then again into alternating current of the required frequency, which determines the speed of rotation of the shaft. He, in contrast to the collector, has no brushes and makes less noise. No brushes - no wearing parts, so nothing needs to be replaced regularly. But you have to pay for the inverter, such a machine is more expensive.
Differences between electric motors
The differences between the types of electric motors are given in their descriptions. The asynchronous motor is the simplest in design. The collector has the ability to easily adjust the rotation speed. And the inverter motor is directly connected without belts and gears to the drum shaft. In short, more modern motors less noise, subject to speed control, but more expensive.
Connecting the engine of a modern washing machine to the 220 V network
Washing machine motor connection diagram
New washing machines have “automatic” main engine of collector type. This means that it has a double-coil winding on the stator and an excitation winding on the rotor. The rotor and stator are connected in series. The current enters the field winding through the brushes. The wiring diagram for connecting the motor to the mains is the same as on No. 5.
Speed regulator
The speed controller can be used with any standard power of 2.5–3.0 kW. You can also use a lighting dimmer, but in it you first need to replace the triac with a BT138X-600 or BTA20-600BW or another model with ten times the motor current consumption.
To avoid a drop in speed under load, special devices are used on an integrated circuit TDA1085, which control the current and voltage on the motor.
PHOTO: electrik.info
If the engine speed needs to be reduced significantly, then it should be connected to the load through belt drive or reducer.
How to connect a motor to a washing machine
When connecting a motor removed from the washing machine, it is necessary to remove the excess wires. When working, you should be guided by Figures 7 and 8, carefully controlling the color of the wires.
PHOTO: sdelaysam-svoimirukami.ru
Connecting the motor of an old washing machine
Old washing machines have asynchronous motors with two windings - starting and working. The starting winding has a higher ohmic resistance. If output wires from both windings are found, and both windings are intact, then the motor can be connected
Wiring diagram of the motor from the washing machine
There are two options for connecting the motor - with a capacitor designed for a voltage of 450-600 V, with a capacity of 4 to 8 μF and with a short-term start button.
PHOTO: zen.yandex.ru
PHOTO: zen.yandex.ru
How to connect the motor
To connect the motor, the first step is to determine the pairs of wires from both windings. After that, decide on the connection scheme - with a capacitor or with a button. Assemble the circuit and perform a test switch. If the engine turns in the wrong direction, which is needed by the owner, then the connection points of the starting winding should be reversed.
Good motors are in washing machines, even when the latter fails and is thrown away - the motors are left and later used on the farm (for example, for a mini-machine). Here will be considered typical engine an automatic machine (new and old type) from a washing machine and a diagram of its separate connection to 220 V. But first, let me lay out a little boring theory, which you can skip going to the second, practical, part of the article.
Theory of the operation of a 220 V electric motor
Asynchronous motors for a single-phase network are mainly motors with two-phase windings and an auxiliary phase taken from a capacitor. These motors are used in household appliances. A similar motor is used, in particular, in the drive of a washing machine. In addition to two-phase winding motors, three-phase winding motors are sometimes used in some other household appliances.
During direct starting, the motor can draw from the mains current significantly higher than its rated value. This current is called starting current engine, and its value changes in the area Ir = 5-7In.
One way to reduce the inrush current is to use a star-delta switch. The motor, designed to operate the stator in a triangular connection at a given mains voltage, is included in the system a star at the moment of starting:
Due to the reduced voltage of the stator winding entering the phase and the change in the connections from triangle to star, the current taken from the network will decrease three times compared to the starting current in the triangular circuit. However, when connected to a star, the motor has three times less starting torque, which makes it impossible to use this method during heavy starting (with a large load).
Capacitor for electric motor
For small engines (<1 кВт), значение пускового конденсатора может быть определено из соотношения:
C [μF] = (1800 x Pn) / U2
where Pn [W] is the rated motor power, U [V] is the supply voltage.
This formula is also suitable for calculating the starting capacitor value for single phase motors with an initial phase.
For larger motors (> 1 kW), a capacitance of about 70 μF / 1 kW is assumed. It is necessary to use starting capacitors with operating voltages of 400 ... 630 V AC.
You can omit the calculations and simply connect a standard washing machine motor to 1 phase 220 V through a 7 microfarad capacitor connected between the required terminals. Connect the first wire to the middle of the mains, and the second, depending on the direction of rotation, to one of the capacitor wires. The power drop will be 30% - this is in theory.
The choice of capacitor is easy to solve. Here are examples of capacitance values for different motor powers.
Pn[W] 90 120 180 250 370 550 750 1100
WITH[μF] 4 5 6 8 12 16 20 30
The rotational power in the washing machine is the same in both directions. These are motors with a typical connection for a single phase motor. The main winding is connected directly to 220 V and a phase winding is connected in parallel to it together with a series-connected capacitor. If you flip the phase winding wires, the motor will rotate in the opposite direction, but the power will be slightly less. This circuit works during spinning. The same for slow and fast rotations - the capacitance is switched inside the washing machine from 7 uF to 16 uF.
Motor connection from SMA
This motor contains two independent windings:
for synchronous speed 3000 rpm - two-phase winding.
for a synchronous speed of 500 rpm - symmetrical three-phase winding... The three-phase connection system allows you to change the rotation speed by switching the winding power supply.
The old type motor usually has 5 wires in black, blue, white, red and green. A series of measurements was carried out to determine the windings and the resistance between them came out like this:
- Blue-black 85 Ohm
- Blue-green 85 Ohm
- Black-green 80 Ohm
- White-blue 15 Ohm
- White-red 30 ohm
Connecting an old electric motor requires finding the start winding with a multimeter.
- PO - initial winding... It is intended only for starting the engine and starts at the very beginning, until the engine starts to rotate.
- OB - field winding... This is a working winding that runs constantly and turns the motor constantly.
- SB - button, with which the voltage is applied to the starting coil and turns off when the engine is started.
Connecting an electric motor from a new washing machine
If you look at the terminal block with the wires in the front, then usually the first two left wires are the wires of the tacho sensor, thanks to which the rotation speed of the washing machine motor is measured and controlled. We do not need them - they are crossed out with a cross.
V different models washing machines wires vary in color, but the connection principle remains unchanged. You just need to find the required wires by ringing them out with a multimeter.
A working tachogenerator in a quiescent state usually has a resistance of 50-100 ohms. You will immediately find these wires and unplug them.
If you need to change the engine speed in the opposite direction, just drag the jumper to the other pins. Look at the diagrams to see how it looks.
Two contacts go through the brushes to the rotor windings, and the other two contacts go to the stator winding. The rest of the contacts are a sensor for measuring the speed of rotation of the motor. The rotor and stator windings are connected in series and by changing the ends of one of the windings, you change the direction of rotation. Without an electronic governor, the engine will accelerate to several thousand revolutions per minute (as at maximum spin).
