But in this world, nothing is eternal. Washing machines also deteriorate and need to be replaced. But in some families there are self-made men. They will not take such an interesting thing as a washing machine to the landfill on the day of the breakdown, but will take it apart and leave the most interesting details in their men's household. And there are many interesting things in the car. The most important thing is the electric motor. It’s worth talking about it in more detail. How to connect the engine washing machine to the network - we'll talk about this in this article.
PHOTO: 1stiralnaya.ru
Every ordinary user is not at all obliged to understand well the electrical circuit of the washing machine. This is necessary for those who are engaged in the repair of this representative of complex household appliances. But a general idea of its structure will not hurt anyone.
PHOTO: 1stiralnaya.ru
Any washing machine consists of a mechanical and an electrical part. Mechanics include the body, door, drum, all bearings and gears. Springs are installed to cushion the machine from shaking during spinning. Water is supplied to and drained from the machine through hoses, which are fixed in branch pipes with seals. In the drainage system, a drain pump is installed at the outlet. A three-section tray is built into the machine for loading detergents.
The electrical part includes an electric motor, an electrical circuit for its switching on, a drain pump motor, a set of devices that form an algorithm and the safety of the washing process.
Electrical diagram the washing machine is primarily designed to turn on the motor.
The electric motor and drum are parts that easily pass into another life. Especially the motor. There are models equipped with two electric motors: one is the main one for washing, with a rotation speed of about 2000 rpm, and the second is a high-speed one for a spinning centrifuge, with a rotation speed of about 3000 rpm.
The control system implements the washing program chosen by the hostess. In older cars, they are based on time relays, in modern cars this is electronic systems... A certain time is allocated for each operation of the program, a command is formed to turn on the engine in one direction or another. Some models have a third electric motor that drives the programming cam.
The control circuit monitors the temperature of the motor windings in order to protect it from overload. Level and pressure sensors provide information to control the water supply. The heating of the liquid for washing also occurs in the machine itself. A temperature regulator (thermostat), which works in conjunction with a temperature sensor, turns electrical heaters on and off. If the engine is in a machine with variable speed, then a speed sensor (tachogenerator) is provided in the control system.
The owner sets his wishes to the car from the control panel located in the upper front of the car body.
For the safety of the user, all machines are equipped with a locking system. It prevents the motor from starting when the loading door is open and the door from opening when there is water in the machine. A non-return valve on the water supply pipe protects against flooding.
The washing machine is connected to the mains with a three-pole earthed plug.
What you need to consider when connecting motors from a washing machine of different types
The washing machine is connected to the electrical network in accordance with "PUE 7. Rules for Electrical Installations".
PHOTO: 1stiralnaya.ru
Even a superficial acquaintance with the device of the machine and its electrical circuit provide a more conscious operation and the ability to minimize the number of emergency situations. A schematic diagram is a graphical representation of the main electrical components of a machine and the connections between them.
Electric motors in washing machines three types are used.
Asynchronous
In most washing machines of previous years, three-phase asynchronous motors are used, each of which consists of a stationary stator and a rotating rotor. The alternating current initiates a rotating magnetic field in the stator winding sections, which induces a current in the rotor. This secondary induced current interacts with the magnetic field of the stator, and a force that rotates it begins to act on the rotor, thanks to which it begins to rotate and transfer its rotation to the devices associated with it.
Engines of this type are simple in design, unpretentious in maintenance, and reliable in operation. The main disadvantages are large inrush currents and difficulties in controlling the rotation speed.
PHOTO: elektt.blogspot.com
Collector
In collector motors, the windings are located on both the stator and the rotor. The current is supplied to the rotor through a device called a "collector", which consists of lamellas fixed on the rotor shaft, and two "brushes" stationary relative to the stator.
PHOTO: elektt.blogspot.com
The collector motor operates on both AC and DC power. Here it is easy to regulate the speed by changing the value of the supply voltage. As an industrial device, you can use a dimmer of a suitable power from the lighting system.
Inverter
The inverter motor in the washing machine is the most modern solution. The principle of operation is that in the built-in inverter alternating current the electrical network is converted into direct current, and then again into alternating current of the required frequency, which determines the speed of rotation of the shaft. He, in contrast to the collector, has no brushes and makes less noise. No brushes - no wearing parts, so nothing needs to be replaced regularly. But you have to pay for the inverter, such a machine is more expensive.
Differences between electric motors
The differences between the types of electric motors are given in their descriptions. The asynchronous motor is the simplest in design. The collector has the ability to easily adjust the rotation speed. And the inverter motor is directly connected without belts and gears to the drum shaft. In short, more modern motors less noise, subject to speed control, but more expensive.
Connecting the engine of a modern washing machine to the 220 V network
Washing machine motor connection diagram
New washing machines have “automatic” main engine of collector type. This means that it has a double-coil winding on the stator and an excitation winding on the rotor. The rotor and stator are connected in series. The current enters the field winding through the brushes. The wiring diagram for connecting the motor to the mains is the same as on No. 5.
Speed regulator
The speed controller can be used with any standard power of 2.5–3.0 kW. You can also use a lighting dimmer, but in it you first need to replace the triac with a BT138X-600 or BTA20-600BW or another model with ten times the motor current consumption.
To avoid a drop in speed under load, special devices are used on an integrated circuit TDA1085, which control the current and voltage on the motor.
PHOTO: electrik.info
If the engine speed needs to be reduced significantly, then it should be connected to the load through belt drive or reducer.
How to connect a motor to a washing machine
When connecting a motor removed from the washing machine, it is necessary to remove the excess wires. When working, you should be guided by Figures 7 and 8, carefully controlling the color of the wires.
PHOTO: sdelaysam-svoimirukami.ru
Connecting the motor of an old washing machine
Old washing machines have asynchronous motors with two windings - starting and working. The starting winding has a higher ohmic resistance. If output wires from both windings are found, and both windings are intact, then the motor can be connected
Wiring diagram of the motor from the washing machine
There are two options for connecting the motor - with a capacitor designed for a voltage of 450-600 V, with a capacity of 4 to 8 μF and with a short-term start button.
PHOTO: zen.yandex.ru
PHOTO: zen.yandex.ru
How to connect the motor
To connect the motor, the first step is to determine the pairs of wires from both windings. After that, decide on the connection scheme - with a capacitor or with a button. Assemble the circuit and perform a test switch. If the engine turns in the wrong direction, which is needed by the owner, then the connection points of the starting winding should be reversed.
If you have an unnecessary motor washing machine, do not rush to throw it away. Electrical engine used in other spheres of life and economy. If you know how to properly connect an electric motor, you can get a machine for sharpening scissors and knives. Or make it the driving force behind a concrete mixer.
We will tell you how to connect a washing machine motor with your own hands.
For the engine to work, it needs power. Self-connection to electricity consists in the correct connection of the wires. Therefore, you will need a wiring diagram for the washing machine motor.
You need stator and rotor wires to work. But how do you find them? At visual inspection a lot of wires are visible. How do you decide which one you need?
Let's consider how to connect an electric motor with 3, 4 and 6 wires.
Look at the motor. There are two wires on the left side - they are not used. Often the manufacturer paints them white. For clarity, look at the photo below:
Orange arrows indicate red and brown wires. These are the stator leads. The blue arrows point to the wires leading to the rotor brushes. These four wires are needed to connect the motor to the washer.
The color of the wiring may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Therefore, use a tester for an accurate check.
Measure the resistance of each wire to find a pair. Strip the contacts and connect the tester probe to them. Record the readings. Then ring all the wires in turn until each has a pair.
Connecting the motor to the washing machine is not difficult. Starting windings and capacitors are not useful to you, it is enough to know how to connect the connections correctly.
For this:
- Connect the ends of the wires from the stator and rotor. Be sure to insulate the contact point.
- Connect the other two wires to a 220 Volt voltage source.
Be careful! When connected to electricity, the engine will start (turn on) from the washing machine. However, it can vibrate a lot, so ensure that the motor is in a safe position in advance.
The connection was successful. If you need to change the direction of rotation, swap the wires leading to the rotor. See the diagram in the photo:
This launch option is suitable for modern AGR parts. How to connect an electric motor from an old washing machine? The work is more painstaking than in the first case. You will need a start relay and a momentary button.
- Set the tester to resistance measurement mode.
- Apply the test leads to the motor windings comparing the readings. You need to find paired windings.
It is important to understand that the working winding always shows less resistance than the starting winding.
According to this scheme, it is connected asynchronous motor washing machine:
Let's take a closer look at how to connect the CMA motor according to the diagram. To do this, we will decipher the conventions:
- SB denotes a toggle button. It allows you to connect the winding to the power supply.
- The PO is a starting winding that allows the creation of torque. You can coordinate it in one direction.
- ОВ - working winding or excitation winding. Creates a magnetic field for rotation.
You need to supply electricity to the field winding. To do this, directly connect it to a 220 Volt network. Short-term power is also supplied to the starting winding, only using the (SB) button.
Now you know how to turn on the motor (motor) from the washing machine. To start it, you need to press a button. The change in the direction of rotation occurs according to the previous principle - the wires are reversed.
The working motor from the CM can be used for household needs. Have you decided to tile your yard? Make a homemade vibrating table.
You will need one plate, secured with movable parts to the base. Starting the electric motor from the washing machine will help the cooker move. By releasing air from concrete, you can improve the quality of the tile, make it stronger and more durable.
You can also make a concrete mixer, only you will need an additional tank. Metal blades in the shape of the letter "P" are installed inside the tank. The drain hole is closed. How to connect the washing machine motor to a homemade concrete mixer can be seen in the video:
If you know a little about technology and have a desire to do something with your own hands, then you will find a use for the motor. You already know how to start the engine from the washing machine, so get to work. A video on the topic will help you:
Homemade products from the engine from the washing machine (video selection, photos, diagrams)
1. How to connect a motor from an old washing machine with or without a condenser
Not all "washing" motors will operate with a capacitor.
There are 2 main types of engines:
- with capacitor start (permanently switched on capacitor)
- with a starting relay.
As a rule, "capacitor" motors have three winding leads, power 100 -120 W and speed 2700 - 2850 (washing machine centrifuge motors).
And motors with a "start relay" have 4 outputs, power 180 W and revolutions 1370 - 1450 (washing machine activator drive)
Connecting a "capacitor" motor via the start button may result in a loss of power.
And the use of a permanently switched capacitor in a motor designed for a starting relay can lead to burnout of the windings!
2. Homemade emery from the washing machine engine
Today we will talk about rework asynchronous motor from the washing machine to the generator. In general, I have been interested in this issue for a long time, but there was no particular desire for reworking the electric motor, since at that time I did not see the scope of the generator. Since the beginning of the year, work has been underway on new model ski lift. My own lift is a good thing, but riding with music is much more fun, so I quickly got the idea to make such a generator so that I could use it to charge the battery on the slope in winter.
I had three electric motors from the washing machine in store, and two of them are absolutely serviceable. Here I decided to convert one of these asynchronous electric motors into a generator.
Running a little ahead, I will say that the idea is not mine and not new. I will only describe the process of converting an induction motor into a generator.
It was based on the 180-watt electric motor of a washing machine made in China in the early 90s of the last century.
I ordered magnets from NPK Magnets and Systems LLC, before I had already bought magnets when building a wind farm. Neodymium magnets, magnets size 20x10x5. The cost of 32 pieces of magnets with delivery is 1240 rubles.
Alteration of the rotor consisted of removing the core layer (deepening). In the resulting recess, neodymium magnets will be installed. At the beginning, a 2 mm core was removed on a lathe - a protrusion above the side cheeks. Then a 5 mm recess was made for the neodymium magnets. The result of the rotor rework can be seen in the photo.
Having measured the circumference of the resulting rotor, the necessary calculations were made, after which a strip template was made of tin. Using a template, the rotor was divided into equal parts. Between the risks, neodymium magnets will then be glued.
8 magnets were used per pole. There are 4 poles on the rotor in total. With a compass and a marker, all magnets have been marked for convenience. The magnets were glued to the rotor with “Superglue”. I will say that this is a painstaking business. The magnets are very strong, you had to hold them tight when gluing them. There were moments when the magnets came off, pinched the fingers, and glue flew into the eyes. Therefore, you need to glue the magnets using protective glasses.
I decided to fill the cavity between the magnets with epoxy resin. For this, the rotor with magnets was wrapped in several layers of paper. The paper is secured with tape. The ends are plastered with plasticine for additional sealing. A hole has been cut in the shell. A neck is made around the hole made of plasticine. Epoxy resin was poured into the shell hole.
After the epoxy cured, the sheathing was removed. The rotor is clamped into a drill chuck for further processing. Sanding was carried out with medium grit sandpaper.
4 wires came out of the electric motor. I found a working winding, and cut the wires from the starting winding. I installed new bearings, since the old ones were spinning a little. The bolts tightening the body are also installed new.
The rectifier is assembled on D242 diodes; the "SOLAR" controller purchased several years ago on Ebay is used as a charging controller.
You can watch the tests of the generator in the video.
To charge the battery, 3-5 turns of the generator are enough. At maximum speed of the drill, 273 Volts were squeezed out of the generator. Alas, the sticking is decent, so it makes no sense to put such a generator on a wind turbine. Unless the wind turbine will be with a large propeller or gearbox.
The generator will stand on the ski lift. Tests in field conditions already this winter.
Source www.konstantin.in
4. Connecting and adjusting the speed of the collector motor from washing machine
Regulator manufacturing:
Controller setting:
Regulator test:
The regulator on the grinder:
Download:
5. Potter's wheel from the washing machine
6. Lathe from washing machine automatic machine
How to make a wood lathe headstock from a washing machine motor. and a speed control with maintaining power.
7. Wood splitter with a washing machine motor
The smallest single-phase, screw splitter with a 600 W washing machine motor. with speed stabilizer
Working speed: 1000-8000 rpm.
8. Homemade concrete mixer
A simple home-made concrete mixer, consists of: a 200 liter barrel, an engine from a washing machine, a disc from a classic Zhiguli, a gearbox made from a Zaporozhets generator, a large pulley driven by a fairy washing machine, small self-grinding pulleys, a drum pulley made of the same disk.
Prepared and put together by: Maximan
Good motors are in washing machines, even when the latter fails and is thrown away - the motors are left and later used on the farm (for example, for a mini-machine). Here will be considered typical engine from the washing machine an automatic machine (new and old type) and a diagram of its separate connection to 220 V. But first, let me lay out a little boring theory, which you can skip going to the second, practical, part of the article.
Theory of the operation of a 220 V electric motor
Asynchronous motors for a single-phase network are mainly motors with two-phase windings and with an auxiliary phase taken from a capacitor. These motors are used in household appliances. A similar motor is used, in particular, in the drive of a washing machine. In addition to two-phase winding motors, three-phase winding motors are sometimes used in some other household appliances.
During direct starting, the motor can draw from the mains current significantly higher than its rated value. This current is called starting current engine, and its value changes in the area Ir = 5-7In.
One way to reduce the inrush current is to use a star-delta switch. The motor, designed to operate the stator in a triangular connection at a given mains voltage, is included in the system a star at the moment of starting:
Due to the reduced voltage of the stator winding entering the phase and the change in the connections from triangle to star, the current taken from the network will decrease three times compared to the starting current in the triangular circuit. However, when connected to a star, the motor has three times less starting torque, which makes it impossible to use this method during heavy starting (with a large load).
Capacitor for electric motor
For small engines (<1 кВт), значение пускового конденсатора может быть определено из соотношения:
C [μF] = (1800 x Pn) / U2
where Pn [W] is the rated motor power, U [V] is the supply voltage.
This formula is also suitable for calculating the starting capacitor value for single phase motors with an initial phase.
For larger motors (> 1 kW), a capacitance of about 70 μF / 1 kW is assumed. It is necessary to use starting capacitors with operating voltages of 400 ... 630 V AC.
You can omit the calculations and simply connect a standard washing machine motor to 1 phase 220 V through a 7 microfarad capacitor connected between the required terminals. Connect the first wire to the middle of the mains, and the second, depending on the direction of rotation, to one of the capacitor wires. The power drop will be 30% - this is in theory.
The choice of capacitor is easy to solve. Here are examples of capacitance values for different motor powers.
Pn[W] 90 120 180 250 370 550 750 1100
WITH[μF] 4 5 6 8 12 16 20 30
The rotational power in the washing machine is the same in both directions. These are motors with a typical connection for a single phase motor. The main winding is connected directly to 220 V and a phase winding is connected in parallel to it together with a series-connected capacitor. If you flip the phase winding wires, the motor will rotate in the opposite direction, but the power will be slightly less. This circuit works during spinning. The same for slow and fast rotations - the capacitance is switched inside the washing machine from 7 uF to 16 uF.
Motor connection from SMA
This motor contains two independent windings:
for synchronous speed 3000 rpm - two-phase winding.
for a synchronous speed of 500 rpm - symmetrical three-phase winding... The three-phase connection system allows you to change the rotation speed by switching the winding power supply.
The old type motor usually has 5 wires in black, blue, white, red and green. A series of measurements was carried out to determine the windings and the resistance between them came out like this:
- Blue-black 85 Ohm
- Blue-green 85 Ohm
- Black-green 80 Ohm
- White-blue 15 Ohm
- White-red 30 ohm
Connecting an old electric motor requires finding the start winding with a multimeter.
- PO - initial winding... It is intended only for starting the engine and starts at the very beginning, until the engine starts to rotate.
- OB - field winding... This is a working winding that runs constantly and turns the motor constantly.
- SB - button, with which the voltage is applied to the starting coil and turns off when the engine is started.
Connecting an electric motor from a new washing machine
If you look at the terminal block with the wires in the front, then usually the first two left wires are the wires of the tacho sensor, thanks to which the rotation speed of the washing machine motor is measured and controlled. We do not need them - they are crossed out with a cross.
V different models washing machines wires vary in color, but the connection principle remains unchanged. You just need to find the required wires by ringing them out with a multimeter.
A working tachogenerator in a quiescent state usually has a resistance of 50-100 ohms. You will immediately find these wires and unplug them.
If you need to change the engine speed in the opposite direction, just drag the jumper to the other pins. Look at the diagrams to see how it looks.
Two contacts go through the brushes to the rotor windings, and the other two contacts go to the stator winding. The rest of the contacts are a sensor for measuring the speed of rotation of the motor. The rotor and stator windings are connected in series and by changing the ends of one of the windings, you change the direction of rotation. Without an electronic governor, the engine will accelerate to several thousand revolutions per minute (as at maximum spin).
Hello my dear readers. You have probably noticed that many "somodelkin" often began to meet collector electric motors from automatic washing machines. But they are in no hurry to install such engines on their devices, not because they do not know how to connect, but because not everyone knows how such engines drive under load, whether it is possible to adjust the engine speed. If it is possible to adjust the speed, then how, and whether the power of the collector motor decreases at the same time. And if it falls, then how to achieve in order to maintain the power of the electric motor while adjusting the speed, etc. So today we will talk about how to correctly connect the collector motors from washing machines, and consider how such motors behave under load and how they are regulated the speed of such an engine.
First of all, it is a single-phase collector motor with series winding excitation. For operation of this type of engine, both variable and D.C.- and therefore they can be considered universal. Despite the different appearance they have the same device. They consist of a stator with a field winding, an armature, brushes, a housing and a tachogenerator. A terminal block is used to output all wires.
The operation of this type of electric motor is based on the interaction of the magnetic fields of the stator and the armature when an electric current passes through them.
To make the simplest connection, you can only know the outputs of the stator and armature windings. But how do you know where which outputs are on the terminal block, if their number can reach 10. For this, we take a regular tester,
We put the regulator knob in the position of least resistance, and we begin to call the windings of the tachogenerator (tachometer), stator and armature (winding resistance from 3 to 200 Ohm). I had at hand a motor with 6 leads on a terminal block with resistances of 2 ohms (stator); 4.4 ohm (armature); 165 Ohm (tachogenerator).
Now you need to determine where the tachogenerator leads are located, for this you need to take the same tester, turn its knob to position alternating voltage and connect to the terminals that ring among themselves by turning the armature by hand, the tachometer will show the presence of voltage at the terminals of the tachogenerator when the armature is turned.
Be careful, instead of a tachogenerator (two outputs) on engines, a Hall sensor is sometimes used (three outputs, determined by the tester at the position of the least resistance, the tester first shows some resistance, and then it disappears). The armature leads are determined by ringing between the collector itself and the terminals on the block. Stator by elimination. The wiring diagram using the terminal block looks like this: put a jumper between one of the stator and armature terminals, and apply voltage to the remaining two terminals. If you are sure that the electric motor from the washing machine is in perfect order, you can connect it directly to the network, and if you are not sure of the origin of the electric motor, then connect the motor in series with the simplest electric iron.
If, during connection, the collector motor smoothly picks up speed, and there is no crackling during operation, there is no strong sparking on the brushes - this means that the collector motor is completely ready for operation and can be connected to a 220 Volt network.
And so, connecting the engine directly to the network with a tachometer, we check the speed (it showed more than 12,000 rpm for me), after which we try to give it a load (for the load, I used a piece of board which I pressed on the engine shaft).
I didn’t manage to crush such an engine (the board started to burn), and the rpm dropped by half.
There are many ways to adjust the speed on collector electric motors, the speed can be adjusted using LATR, speed control boards from household appliances (vacuum cleaners, mixers, etc.), buttons from a power tool, a lighting timer (dimmer) in general, by all devices that regulate voltage.
We see that the speed is easily regulated when the voltage is changed by such devices. With such a connection, a significant drawback appears as a large drop in engine power (at 600 rpm, the shaft is easily stopped by hand).
Such a speed control is not always suitable (for fans and pumps it will go like this) for widespread use for self-made machines and various devices. In this case, the tachogenerator, which is installed on the engine from the washing machine, will come to our aid. Which will report the number of armature revolutions, and transmit them to the microcircuit, and that, in turn, will regulate the power and engine speed through the triac. Here is an example of a scheme that can be easily repeated at home (for more details about the scheme, see http://shenrok.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_8.html):
