Road safety, as you know, depends not only on the condition of the road surface and the adequacy / professionalism of drivers, but also on technical condition each car. Winter tires, in which cars are put on with the arrival of cold weather, is not a tribute to fashion, but a better grip of the wheels on a slippery road and, accordingly, a guarantee of safety. Neglect of this rule is fraught not only with serious traffic jams in winter, but also with an increase in the number of accidents.
Has the Law changed by 2019, and for what will they be fined?
New amendments to the Law - is winter tires obligatory in Russia in 2019-2020?
The main provisions of the Law of greatest interest to motorists:
- According to the new amendments, which entered into force on January 1, 2015, the concept of "winter tires" and its specific description are introduced. Also in the amendments we are talking about the permissible minimum tread depth of tires. There is no talk about seasonal tires during the operation of cars in these changes.
- Since 2015, motorists can be fined for violation of the 1st part of Article 12.5 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation - that is, for non-compliance technical characteristics rubbers that are described in the new amendments. Moreover, the traffic police inspector, at his discretion, may not draw up a protocol, but only issue a warning.
- The technical regulations of the CU entered into force in 2015. According to the requirement of this regulation, studded tires are prohibited for the summer season (from June to August), and summer tires for the winter season (from December to February). The term of the ban on summer tires can be changed in accordance with the climatic characteristics of the regions. For this violation, a fine has not yet been provided: nothing is said about the seasonal use of rubber in the main provisions concerning the admission of a car to operation.
- The concept of "all-season tires" is absent from the regulations.
Technical regulations for testing winter tires - which winter tires will be tested?
The key concept is tread depth. Its own - for each type of tires for each specific vehicle in the absence of a factory wear indicator.
- Cars, summer tires: minimum tread depth 1.6 mm.
- Passenger cars, winter tires - 4 mm.
The concept of "winter tires" includes the corresponding markings - the pictogram "3-peak peak with a snowflake in the center, M & S, M + S and M S.
Restrictions for other vehicles:
- Category L (for ATVs, mopeds and motorcycles) - 0.8 mm.
- Categories N2, N3, O3, O4 ( trucks, permitted max / weight - more than 3.5 t) - 1 mm.
- Categories M1, N1, O1, O2 ( passenger cars) - 1.6 mm.
- Categories M2, M3 (buses) - 2 mm.
As for the requirements for rims (no deformation, traces of cooking, cracks, etc.), they are a thing of the past. But on the rubber, there should be no damage - no scuffs to the cord, side cuts, uneven wear.
Conditions and malfunctions (as amended) under which the vehicle is prohibited from driving:
There is no question of the seasonality of tires in the document. But the requirements for it (winter and summer tires) are clearly spelled out (according to the technical regulations of the Customs Union):
- When using studded tires, they are installed on all wheels.
- Studded tires are prohibited from June to August.
- V winter period usage winter tires(installed on all wheels) mandatory.
- The use of unsuitable tires is prohibited.
Will there be fines for riding summer or bald tires in 2019-20?
Every year car owners are faced with a problem - when is it better to "change shoes" for the cold season, because there was no legislative project concerning this issue before. Of course, the traffic rules clearly state the conditions for the seasonal use of winter and summer tires, their characteristics and labeling, but you will not find information regarding when exactly it is necessary to change tires in these rules. Fortunately, or maybe vice versa, on November 1, a strict framework was established when motorists should switch to winter tires in Russia. The law was actively discussed back in 2013, the corresponding bill was developed in January this year, but these requirements came into force only on November 1, 2015. Let's figure out in more detail when to change tires to winter ones according to the law.
When are winter tires required by law?
According to TR CU ( technical regulations Customs Union) "On the safety of wheeled vehicles" to operate a car equipped with studded tires in the summer months is prohibited (clause 5.5 Appendix 8 TRTS 018/2011), as well as driving on "bare" tires in December, January and February (clause 5.6.3). Besides, winter tires must be installed on all wheels of the vehicle.
Thus, the winter tire law states that in winter you can use either studded or non-studded (all season) tires with the MS, M + S, or M&S markings and the corresponding tread pattern, depth and height. If this marking is absent, the use of tires in the winter is prohibited.
Important! The ban on the use of seasonal tires can be extended or reduced in accordance with the requirements of local authorities. In some regions, the use of studded tires is prohibited from May to September, so if you are interested in changing tires to winter ones by law, check the laws of your region.
Based on the foregoing, it is necessary to replace summer tires with winter ones during the fall (from September to November).
Administrative responsibility
To date, the law on winter and summer tires does not imply any administrative liability for failure to comply with the regulations, but you can be fined 500 rubles for non-compliance with the requirements for tire tread height or the use of worn-out rubber. The tread depth on the most worn-out area of the tire cannot be less than 4 mm for winter tires, and for summer tires at least 1.6 mm. True, there is one important nuance here that introduces some confusion - a fine can be imposed only when the car is operated on a heavily snow-covered or icy section of the road surface.
Ultimately, it turns out the following: in order to fine the car owner, the traffic police officer must still prove that the driver was driving on an icy surface. And with the tread height it turns out to be an interesting story. If the chauffeur moves on winter tires with a tread height of less than 4 mm, then he can be fined 500 rubles. But if he drives summer tires, but at the same time the tread height is correct, then he will not have to worry about his wallet.
Nevertheless, it is possible that in the future, penalties will be imposed on motorists who neglect to replace seasonal tires. Now the initiative of the member of the Federation Council V.A.Tulpanov is being actively considered, who proposes to amend the current regulations in such a way that untimely replacement summer tires for winter tires were not only prohibited by law, but violators were also punished with fines. This bill was brought up for discussion back in 2013, but then its wording contradicted the CU TR, and therefore it was sent back for revision.
In custody
As you can see, the new requirements contain a lot of inconsistencies, which so far play into the hands of drivers who do not want to change tires to studded ones. Nevertheless, we recommend that car owners do not neglect these rules and promptly "change shoes" winter tires. When putting seasonal tires according to the law is one thing, and your safety is another, here you should be guided, first of all, not by the fear of being fined, but by the fact that your life depends on it.
Automobile wheels are the main component of a vehicle that is subject to the most wear and tear. The reason for this is the constant contact of rubber with the track and road reagents. To extend the lifespan wheel tire, to protect yourself and other road users, it is worth adhering to the technical recommendations for the use of tires. Take into account the end of winter and the onset of warmth and do not wait for a warning from the traffic police about when to change tires for summer tires.
Replacing wheels in a timely manner will help to avoid the following causes of tire wear:
- seasonal deterioration in the quality of roads (ice, pits after winter, hot asphalt);
- exit from snow drifts and off-road;
- with sharp braking, the protector is retained;
- imbalance of air pressure in tires depending on the season;
- violation of the norms of car operation.
Some thrifty car owners change tires on only one pair of wheels - front or rear. Such savings are fraught not only with vehicle breakdowns, but also road accidents.
2 Change of winter tires to summer tires
Every car enthusiast has his own beliefs about seasonal replacement car tires:
- supporters of the early replacement of the winter period motivate their position by the need to prepare early for the coming cold weather and to secure their traffic on the road in the event of sudden frosts or icy conditions.
- supporters of the late summer change change tires when it is already warm enough, without considering that this increases wear and tear and significantly reduces its service life.
The practice of using winter tires confirms that the use of treads in hot summer months significantly increases their wear. Therefore, if a replacement is made in time, then the rubber resource can be extended.
When changing shoes on your car, you should arm yourself with the recommendations of manufacturers who advise you to put on winter protectors if the average daily temperature drops to + 7C. At low temperatures, summer protectors harden and their properties deteriorate.
According to the law of the Russian Federation, winter tires should be changed from March 1 to 15, depending on the harsh weather conditions and territorial location. In Russia, by mid-March, the temperature indicators become more stable, the snow cover disappears and the asphalt becomes dry, as a result of which the technical characteristics of winter tires are not relevant.
Of course, changing the car according to the rules is good, but the owner must take into account the quality of the road surface (after winter) of the area on which he drives: the city highway is more well-groomed and clean than rural or provincial roads, which sometimes remain snowy until mid-April.
Russia is an immense country, and the inhabitants of the southern regions have some peculiarities in terms of seasonal wheel replacement, since in winter there is no snow at all, the asphalt is dry and the temperature is quite high. In this regard, the use of studded rubber in such territories is not common, there is more all-season in fashion. The date of changing winter protectors there fluctuates relative to weather conditions, drivers need to track from what date the temperature has leveled off and keeps at +5, + 7C and higher, then you can safely change the car's shoes.
Car owners of the North, on the contrary, use studded tires more, since driving in snowfalls and severe frosts requires special technical characteristics - protectors with metal studs. And the terms requiring the replacement of studded rubber are somewhat different there than in the central and southern regions, they are determined by territorial temperature parameters.
3 Change of summer tires
According to Appendix No. 8 of the Technical Regulations of 01.01.2015, the operation of machines with studded tires in the summer from June to August is prohibited. Consequently, the law of the Russian Federation does not prohibit driving in the summer on winter tires without studs, but you can ride on studded tires until June 1.
Replacement conditions summer tires car are dependent on the average daily temperature not lower than + 5, + 7C. Even if daytime the air warms up to +10, + 11C, then in the morning frosts can appear in places and the movement of the car on summer treads can create an accident. Moreover, summer tires used in winter lose their elasticity, and the vehicle's braking is doubled.
If the summer has dragged on and winter season is just beginning to remind of itself, it is useful for motorists to familiarize themselves with the following parameters of the relationship between seasonal temperature and summer tire replacement:
- the lower the thermometer readings, the harder the summer protector;
- the harder the rubber, the lower its adhesion properties;
- the worse the adhesion properties, the higher the fuel consumption and the greater the wear of the tread.
To balance these processes, car wheel manufacturers have developed tires that differ in chemical structure and tread pattern.
Car tires used in summer are stiffer and withstand better contact with hot asphalt. At low temperatures, the rubber becomes stiff and traction decreases. The movement process turns into a sliding process.
The minimum average daily temperature, after which we understand that it is time to "change shoes" - +7 degrees Celsius
In addition to winter-summer tires, there is another, third option for tires - all-season tires. "Vsesezonki" are characterized by greater disadvantages than advantages, because in the summer they wear out more and in winter they are not very elastic. All-season tires are most practical at 0 degrees.
There are 4 main reasons why experts advise changing summer tires in advance:
- The excitement at the service station.
- Running in studded treads: for the first 100 - 200 km, avoid slipping and sudden braking. The recommended movement is 70 km / h.
- It is more comfortable to install during a warm season than in a cold season.
- The car is ready for the sudden whims of nature.
A few lost studs are not as dangerous as the possibility of being in a snowdrift or icy with summer tires.
4 Additional reasons for timely tire change
Car tires need to be changed, primarily for reasons of their own safety. The economic reasons for this are also not unimportant: winter tires wear out quickly in summer, and driving on summer treads in winter leads to accidents and unforeseen expenses.
Insurance companies, as a rule, refuse insurance if tires that are not suitable for the season are installed on the vehicle during an accident.
The timing of replacing tires depends on the conditions of use of the car: if in spring the car is used mostly in the mornings and evenings, and at this time there may be frosts, then you can not rush to change tires, if in autumn the car is used in the morning and evening, then you should hurry up to change the shoes of the car.
The geography of operation is also very important, because on suburban roads and urban temperature indicators of night and day are usually different. Consequently, the likelihood of ice formation is greater, and snow melts on country roads longer than on urban ones.
5 Penalty for seasonal non-conformity of tires
Financial punishment for summer tires in winter from January 1, 2015 is 500 rubles, thanks to the entered into force technical document of the Customs Union. The decree prohibits the operation of a car without winter tires from December to February. Regional structures have been given the right to regulate the terms of the ban, depending on the weather conditions in different regions of Russia.
The legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide for a fine for the operation of non-studded winter tires in the summer.
Also, the legislation does not provide for a fine for the absence of the "Ш" sign on a car with studded tires.
Replacement of car tires, like everything in our life, must be done on time, especially if your own safety depends on it.
It would seem that a little more than a year has passed since the heated debate about the mandatory use of seasonal tires on cars and fines for driving on summer tires in winter. Now many drivers are looking for information about the so-called law on winter tires, in accordance with which amendments to traffic rules are being made.
Although Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 588, amending the Rules road traffic concerning the use of tires from January 1, 2015, it was adopted on July 15, 2013 ("Rossiyskaya Gazeta" - the official website, where you can read the text of the amendments introduced by this decree No. 588).
IMPORTANT:Many drivers ask a question: there was a rumor that from December 1, 2017, those who did not change summer tires to winter ones will be fined. Is it so?
At the moment, the answer should be like this:
At the moment, the State Duma of the Russian Federation is considering a bill on the introduction of administrative fines in the amount of 2 thousand rubles for using car tires out of season. In the case of its prompt adoption, already from December 1, 2017, a driver who violates the rules for using tires for the season may be fined.
But so far there are no grounds for bringing to administrative responsibility those drivers who did not have time to change tires!
At the same time, I would like to advise car owners to show their experience and prudence: do not wait for a "command from above", but "change shoes" on time - depending on the climatic conditions of your region.
Read more about the seasonal tire requirements below.
We analyze the law on winter tires (about which the decree No. 588 and the technical regulation TR CU 018/2011)
The decree # 588 itself does not say a word about the need for the mandatory use of seasonal tires. It only changes the conditions for the admission of a vehicle to operation (by the decree from January 1, 2015, Appendix 5.1 to the main provisions on the admission of wheeled vehicles to operation is changed).
The main innovation is the minimum tread depth for different types tires on different vehicles in the absence of a factory wear indicator. When a wear indicator is provided on the tires, the fact of wear is established by it.
So, for passenger cars the minimum tread depth of a summer tire is set to 1.6 mm.
However, by decree introduced as the very concept of winter tires(marking "M + S", "M & S", "M S", as well as a pictogram in the form of a three-peaked top with a snowflake in the center), and the minimum tread depth for it, which is already equal to 4 mm.
For other vehicles, the restrictions look like this:
- Motorcycles, mopeds, ATVs, etc. (category L) - 0.8 mm;
- Trucks with licensed maximum weight more than 3.5 tons (categories N2, N3, O3, O4) - 1 mm;
- Passenger cars (categories M1, N1, O1, O2) - 1.6 mm;
- Buses (categories M2, M3) - 2 mm.
In addition, the rubber should not be damaged - various side cuts, abrasions to the cord or uneven wear. But the requirements for wheel rims have become a thing of the past - previously, there should have been no cracks, traces of welding, damage, deformation of the mounting holes, etc. on the rims.
An excerpt from the list of faults and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited (Appendix No. 3 to the traffic rules of the Russian Federation), taking into account the amendments introduced from January 1, 2015:
5. Wheels and tires
5.1. The residual depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more than:
for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.
The residual tread depth of winter tires intended for operation on icy or snow-covered road surfaces, marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, as well as marked with signs "M + S", "M & S", "M S" ( in the absence of wear indicators), during operation on the specified surface is no more than 4 mm.
Video - canceled the "Spikes" sign or not, should it be glued in the fall of 2018:
Note. The designation of the vehicle category in this paragraph is established in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to the technical regulation on the safety of wheeled vehicles, approved by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 10, 2009 No. 720.
5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, breaks), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, peeling of the tread and sidewalls.
5.3. There is no fastening bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disc and rims of the wheels, there are visible irregularities in the shape and size of the fastening holes.
5.4. Tires by size or permissible load do not match the vehicle model.
5.5. Tires are installed on one axle of the vehicle different sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and frost-resistant, new and remanufactured, new and with a deep tread pattern. The vehicle has studded and non-studded tires.
Penalty for mismatching tires
The fine is set at 500 rubles (clause 1 of article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).
Excerpt from the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation:
"Article 12.5. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited, or a vehicle on which it is illegally installed identification mark"Disabled person"
1. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the Admission of Vehicles to Operation and the obligations of road safety officials, the operation of a vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2 to 7 of this article - entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative a fine of five hundred rubles.»
It is necessary to understand that this is not a fine for driving in winter on summer tires (or vice versa), but more for the discrepancy between the tread depth of the tires and their standard values (until other amendments are made).
Seasonality of tires
But in the document described above, there is not a word about the seasonality of the rubber used, unless, of course, the very definition of winter tires is taken into account.
However, the requirements for the use of seasonal tires are indeed introduced from January 1, 2015 on the basis of the technical regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 018/2011 "On the safety of wheeled vehicles" ().
Excerpt from the regulations:
5.4. Spiked tires, if used, must be fitted to all wheels of the vehicle.
5.5. It is prohibited to operate vehicles equipped with tires with anti-skid studs during the summer period (June, July, August).
It is prohibited to operate vehicles that are not equipped with winter tires that meet the requirements of paragraph 5.6.3 of this Appendix during the winter period (December, January, February). Winter tires are installed on all wheels of the vehicle.
The terms of the prohibition of operation can be changed upwards by regional authorities government controlled states - members of the Customs Union.
5.6. A tire is considered unusable when:
5.6.1. The appearance of one wear indicator (a protrusion along the bottom of the tread groove, designed to visually determine the degree of its wear, the depth of which corresponds to the minimum permissible depth of the tire tread pattern);
5.6.2. Remaining depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) no more than:
for vehicles of categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1.0 mm;
for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2.0 mm.
5.6.3. The residual tread depth of winter tires intended for operation on icy or snow-covered road surfaces, marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it (Figure 5.1), as well as marked with signs “M + S”, “M&S”, “ MS "(in the absence of wear indicators) during operation on the specified surface - no more than 4.0 mm;
This regulation establishes the need to use:
- During the calendar winter (December-February inclusive) - winter tires;
- In the summer period (June-August inclusive) - summer tires;
- The rest of the time, the tires used are not regulated.
Concepts all season tires, in the new regulations it is simply not. However, they will be interpreted as summer in summer, and, accordingly, winter in winter.
But there are requirements, but there is no punishment for non-fulfillment yet. Those. a fine for driving on summer tires in winter (or vice versa) is not provided (yet).
What is this all for
In theory, lawmakers care about user safety road transport... The fact is that, statistically, most of the road accidents are associated with low-quality (worn out, off-season, etc.) rubber. Therefore, they are trying to put things in order in this area.
However, in the end it turned out to be a rather mild innovation, which practically does not change the situation.
As for the destruction of the road surface by studded tires, the situation here is regulated through the rubber manufacturers themselves, where the factor of destruction of the coverage by studs is now regulated by the standards. That's why the choice of studded or non-studded winter tires remains with the car owner.
Will there be a penalty for driving on summer tires in winter?
Considering that only half measures have been taken, it should be assumed that in the future the requirements will be tightened. Already now, the State Duma of the Russian Federation is receiving news that in the very near future a fine for driving on summer tires in the amount of 2,000 rubles will be introduced. However, this bill is still only being discussed and finalized, and when it comes into force is not yet known.
Difficulties in the introduction are caused by different climatic zones, as well as the general unpredictability of the weather. It is also possible to introduce restrictions on the actual weather condition. At the same time, it is not clear how to behave if the path is long, through many climatic zones. Carrying an extra set of tires?
But while all this is not there, it makes no sense to reason. In the meantime, it is important to monitor the condition of the tires themselves, depending on their type.
Is the driver obliged to use seasonal tires?
A ridiculous (ha-ha!), It would seem, a question! After all, it is well known that the technical regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU 018/2011), which came into force on the territory of the Russian Federation, requires the use of winter tires in the winter period (from December to February), and summer tires in the summer (from June to August).
In addition, there is the possibility of expanding this chronological framework. For example, if a more detailed account of regional climatic features is required. (Well, really, how can you put in one row, for example, Murmansk and Krasnodar? How can you require the same time limits for winter tires for fundamentally different climatic zones).
And here the most natural driver's question arises: "How will those who ignore this requirement of the technical regulations be punished?" We will boldly answer: "Not yet!" That is, there is a requirement, but failure to comply with it will not lead to sanctions (for example, a fine). We do not know what will happen next. Well, for now? As they say, walk bye!
Another Russian paradox?
Let's make a reservation right away: there is nothing paradoxical in this! The practice of the Russian legal field has the following examples:
- “Kenguryatniki” cannot be established, and there are no penalties for this;
- the sign "Novice driver" must be glued, but there is no responsibility for failure to comply with this requirement;
- the maximum speed of movement cannot be exceeded, but at 20 km / h in reality it is possible, etc., etc., etc.
Normal legal collisions and gaps.
That is why on the claim of the inspector about the inconsistency of the "shoes" of your car with the notorious technical regulations, you can culturally send him to ... this very paradoxical situation. Namely: the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation does not provide for punishment for violation of the norms of an international normative legal act - technical regulations.
And that's it! The conversation with the inspector can be ended with the following words: “Allow me, gr. Inspector, keep driving! Be healthy, you have more stars and shoulder straps in two gaps! " (the last sentence is optional).
Why are we, the drivers, alarmed?
Nevertheless, the possibility of punishment associated with the innovation is present. In the famous "List of faults ...", with which the operation of transport is prohibited, two adjustments were made - one insignificant and the second, on the contrary, important. And both changes affected only the first paragraph 5 of the "List ..." section.
A minor change concerns the treads of summer tires. Now the residual tread height differs not by the types of vehicles - cars, trucks, etc. (as it was before), but by categories - L, M, N, O (in accordance with the notorious technical regulations).
For example, for cars (M1) and trucks with a RMM of not more than 3.5 t (N1), the residual tread height must be at least 1.6 mm, for "real" trucks (N2, N3) - 1 mm, buses (M2, M3) - 2 mm, motorcycles and others like them (L) - 0.8 mm. As can be seen from the innovations, the form, but not the content of the requirements has changed.
But a significant innovation is the newly introduced requirements for winter tires. If the driver “changed” his car into winter tires with the appropriate markings (abbreviation for “mud and snow” or the image of a three-peaked mountain peak with a snowflake), then the minimum tread height should be no less than 4 mm. True, there is an option with special wear indicators that should not be subject to mechanical damage from operation.
In case of violation of the 4-mm residual tread height, the driver must be held liable under the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - a 500-ruble fine. But there is also a big "BUT" here ...
Who will control and punish for violating the notorious 4 millimeters?
This is the question! Let's set it in a different way: will the traffic police inspector be able to fine the driver if the residual height winter tread his auto tire is less than 4mm? Of course, it cannot, because the inspector does not have special diagnostic equipment and the appropriate powers.
Only an authorized diagnostic point can prevent the operation of a vehicle with such a tire malfunction. And then - only at the time of passing the periodic technical inspection. And who will punish? It turns out, nobody? What a paradox!
It is possible that the situation will change soon, but at the moment this is the case. And even if an adjustment to this norm is introduced, then the driver will also have a chance to avoid responsibility.
The fact is that insufficient residual tire tread height is a malfunction with which it is allowed to drive a vehicle to the place of repair or parking.
Therefore, a driver caught "red-handed" will always be able to fend off the inspector's threats by moving to the tire shop to replace a worn-out tire. There was a car in the garage, stood there, stood ... I decided to go, and the mice gnawed at the protector. Direct road to tire service! Nobody took this right from the driver.
We wanted the best, but it turned out ...
As always, there are more questions than answers: there are innovations, but the mechanism of their work is not spelled out or regulated. Therefore, alarmed drivers can breathe out calmly. But it seems that not for long.
And now for the serious. Is it worth the risk when driving with summer tires in winter and winter in summer? Answer yourself to this question. And be careful, prudent and careful! Live in harmony with the road and be healthy!
How to behave optimally for motorists
First of all, use common sense, which excludes driving on summer tires in winter and in summer on winter tires. In addition, the tires must not be damaged, as well as wheel disks.
Discs
Despite the fact that the points about rims have been removed from the regulations, they should not be underestimated. This seemingly simple design directly affects safety.
Cracks are unacceptable (as well as their repair by welding), because the integrity of the power structure of the part is violated. During emergency braking, the disc can simply fall apart with the corresponding consequences.
A violation of the geometry of the bore holes leads to uneven tire wear, along with additional vibrations and instability of the tire-to-surface contact patch.
Summer tires in winter and winter in summer
The need to use seasonal rubber is obvious. However, it is not uncommon for individual drivers to disregard common sense. If driving on summer tires in winter is still frightening for most drivers (because summer tires simply dub at freezing temperatures), then driving on winter tires in summer is not.
And in vain - in the summer it will not only wear out quickly (too soft), but also slow down and keep the trajectory worse. Is that it is a little better to ride on such rubber in forests and fields (off-road).
Although it is possible to ride on all-season tires and not be aware of the problems with changing "shoes", the main thing is to monitor the tread height. After all, it turns out that in winter it should be 4+ mm, and in summer 1.6+.
But it should be borne in mind that the all-season is initially worse in certain disciplines, in comparison with seasonal tires... Those. in summer, seasonal tires behave better on the road than all-season tires. In the winter period of operation, the behavior of winter tires, relatively all-season, is better.
Video describing what can happen when driving in winter on summer tires:
When to change tires
It is not easy to determine in the off-season - when the winter has already begun. The best thing, in this case, is to listen to the tire manufacturers. They are not lying when they say that it is necessary to switch to winter tires when the average daily temperature drops to 5-8 degrees. Accordingly, and vice versa. These findings have been backed up by numerous tests.
Although there are such temperature changes when ice is on the road in the morning and everything melts in the evening. In this case, the average daily temperature will be, for example, +10. Of course, winter tires are necessary in this case. However, the car owner knows the peculiarities of the weather of his climatic zone himself. Therefore, the choice remains only with common sense.
The main thing to remember is that it is better to put on winter tires and take them off later than summer tires.
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Consider the requirements for car tires and wheels for 2018. They are regulated by Appendix No. 1 to the SDA "List of faults and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited", paragraph 5.
To begin with, let's recall the requirements for the residual tread height according to traffic rules for 2019:
5.1. The residual depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more than:
for vehicles of categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.
The residual tread depth of winter tires designed for operation on icy or snow-covered road surfaces, marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, as well as marked with signs "M + S", "M&S", "MS" (when no wear indicators), during operation on the specified surface is no more than 4 mm.
Note. The designation of the vehicle category in this paragraph is established in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to the technical regulation on the safety of wheeled vehicles, approved by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 10, 2009 No. 720.
Let's present the above conditions in the form of a simple table.
In addition to the residual height of the tread pattern, there are other restrictions on the tires admissible for operation:
5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, breaks), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, peeling of the tread and sidewalls.
5.3. There is no fastening bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disc and rims of the wheels, there are visible irregularities in the shape and size of the fastening holes.
5.4. Tires are not the correct size or load capacity for the vehicle model.
5.5. Tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and remanufactured, new and with a deep tread pattern are installed on one axle of the vehicle. The vehicle has studded and non-studded tires.
Considering the above requirements, you can answer frequently asked questions about tires:
Can tires and tires with repaired side cuts and bumps be used?
Yes, if the specified damage does not expose the cord and does not cause the tread and sidewall to peel off.
Can I drive the car if there is no wheel nut or bolt?
You cannot ride with missing wheel fasteners.
Can I fit custom tire sizes for this car model?
Installation of tire dimensions not specified by the manufacturer is not allowed.
Can tires with different treads or different dimensions be installed on the same axle?
It is impossible in accordance with clause 5.5 of Appendix 1 to the traffic rules of the Russian Federation.
Can studded and non-studded tires be installed on different axles at the same time?
It is possible, clause 5.5 does not prohibit this.
Is it possible to install winter and summer tires at the same time on different axles of the car according to traffic rules?
You cannot use studded and non-studded tires at the same time, this is contrary to clause 5.5 of the List of faults in which the operation of vehicles is prohibited. It is allowed to use non-studded winter and summer tires on different axles, for example, on the front axle - winter Velcro, on the back - summer tires.
Fine for tires with violation of tread depth, fine for different tires, cuts and "bumps"
A fine for violation of the above requirements for car tires is imposed under Art. 12.5 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
Article 12.5. Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation: Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited, or a vehicle on which the identification mark "Disabled" is illegally installed
1. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions on the Admission of Vehicles to Operation and the obligations of road safety officials, the operation of a vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2 to 7 of this article -
entails warning or imposition administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles.
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