Theme:
General device car
Compiled by:
teacher of special disciplines
Adzhimefayev Redvan Ismetovich
General device of the car
A car of any modification consists of interconnected main parts: engine, chassis and body, each of which has a specific purpose.
Engine
Most cars are equipped with piston engines internal combustion, converting the thermal energy of the burning fuel into mechanical energy, necessary for the movement of the car.
SH A S S I
The chassis of the vehicle includes a transmission (power train), undercarriage and governance mechanisms
Transmission
The transmission transmits torque from the engine to the driving wheels of the vehicle and consists of a clutch, gearbox gear, cardan transmission, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
- Clutch – serves for short-term disconnection of the gearbox from the engine, their smooth connection when starting off and shifting gears.
- Transmission - allows you to change the amount of torque transmitted from crankshaft engine to cardan shaft, disconnect the engine and drive wheels for a long time and ensure the car is moved in reverse.
- Cardan transmission - transmits torque from the gearbox to the main gear at varying angles.
- main gear - serves to transmit torque at a right angle from the propeller shaft through the differential to the axle shafts of the driving wheels and to increase it.
- Differential - provides the ability to rotate the driving wheels at different frequencies when the vehicle is moving on bends and on uneven roads.
- Half-shafts - transmit rotation to the driving wheels.
Chassis
The undercarriage of the car consists of a frame (for cars, a load-bearing body) and car suspension mechanisms: springs, shock absorbers.
Control mechanisms
Control mechanisms include steering and braking systems.
Steering - change the direction of movement of the vehicle by turning the steered wheels.
Brake system - provides a decrease in the speed of the car, its complete stop and keeping it stationary.
Body
Have truck the body and the cab are separated.
The body includes a platform with sides (van, tank, etc.), and it is designed to accommodate goods.
The cockpit has seats for the driver and one or two passengers.
Cars and buses have a body to accommodate passengers and the driver's workplace.
PURPOSE: To continue to broaden the horizons of children, to foster observation, To educate children about diversity Vehicle, O appearance and purpose, Clarify the idea of special-purpose transport, explain the meaning of some special-purpose vehicles; To foster respect for the work of people working in the field of transport; Be able to guess transport riddles.
The red car rushes along the road, it needs to appear in place as soon as possible, there the fire must be extinguished the avalanche - everyone calls the red fire engine. "01" - these two digits are often typed, which means they are not always careful!
Step aside! Make way! Make way! Ambulance flies to the rescue. The sentry's order: “Stop! No move! Only for "Ambulance" Green light! " Somewhere there was a big trouble, an ambulance rushes there.
Wants to join the police, the one who fights. The one who yells and pesters everyone. the one who scratches and spits, takes everything away and hits the little ones.
04 - phone, he will always help you. Call the "emergency" and meet the rescuers. If the house smells of gas, call for help right away! After all, the rescuers squad to help you, of course, is glad.
A fuel truck is a car with a barrel, Only he is not a coward at all. It goes around pits, bumps, In it gasoline is a dangerous cargo.
This is me - the milk tanker, I brought you milk! Traveled very far - Drink, kids, milk! Milked a herd in the village - You need a lot of milk! Maybe next time I’ll bring Curd Cheese for you.
I’ll tell you, I’m not mistaken: they carry different types of goods - FURES - Vegetables and fruits, equipment, food, Jeans, jackets, blankets and bicycles.
What were you carrying, timber truck? - I was carrying logs from the forest! - Why, timber carrier? - To make a house of logs grow!
The snowblower has no time to doze in winter. The blizzard will pour snow everywhere, to clear the sidewalks. Snowdrifts, snow drifts this car can handle. There is no more snow on the tracks, but I want to play snowballs.
The heat outside is just like at the equator - cold winter reigns inside the refrigerator. The driver is hot in the driver's cabin, he dreams of getting into the back of the car: the driver wants to stay in the refrigerator, to cool down at least a little from the hellish heat!
Blue car with a white stripe, It delivers mail in summer and winter. There are a lot of magazines, letters and newspapers in it, and she's lucky you ardent greetings
Under the window - the noise of wheels, in the yard - a garbage truck! He will collect various rubbish so that it is clean for us.
This is a bold all-terrain vehicle, He will go everywhere, everywhere: Through swamps, over mountains, Through ravines, through forests. it strong car And there is a large cabin in it, He walks on tracks, Loudly he starts the engine, He walks, he walks everywhere, On land and on water!
tow truck
This tractor is very strong, not afraid of pits and bumps. Today he helped us get home without roads.
skid steer loader
Construction machinery
Who boldly rakes the heaps over the torn up earth? This little bulldozer evens everything out with its nose!
Here is an asphalt roller For road construction. To smooth out wrinkles Better not to find a car!
Dump truck, dump truck! Tell us where you have been! - I took the sand to the river for a whole day! And there will be a beach on the river. He guys will be yours.
Why is the excavator good? He has a huge bucket. He doesn't know fatigue, He digs for himself all day
It's time for us to get acquainted with the crane this time. He easily lifts loads very high! Without it, a high-rise building cannot be built for anything!
Who does not know tiredness? Who levels the road to everyone. This is a grader - he, moreover, Ahead with a large bucket.
truck crane
asphalt paver
concrete truck
pipe carrier
Cars and cars are hurrying along the roads. And in the back - important, urgent cargo: Cement and iron, raisins and watermelons. The job of chauffeurs is hard and complex. But how people need it everywhere! There are many machines in the world, Special and large ones, Everyone needs these machines And you can't do without them ...
Consultants working in car dealerships describe the models of cars in some detail and in detail, and this gives a sense of their knowledge of the matter and full characteristics cars. To achieve such a high level, you need to constantly read car reviews, study special literature and information about new cars. In this process, the main thing is that consultants do not use many technical terms, because you cannot show the client your superiority over him.
When dealing with potential buyers of a car, a manager should not make gross mistakes and belittle customers. A huge a typical mistake car sellers is their assessment of the purchasing power of customers, which is based on the demeanor and appearance of the latter. Car dealership managers must show visitors any car that the client asks about, the consultant should not, by his behavior, make it clear to the visitor that the car may not be affordable for him, this even applies to working with the most expensive cars.
Today, there are many credit programs in domestic countries, so many car dealership clients opt for cars that cost much more than they can afford, so when a car dealership manager tries to decide for a client the acceptability of the cost of the car they buy, it will be generally unreasonable.
In most cases, consultants limit themselves to demonstrating only the car that the visitor wanted to know about. Some car dealerships even offer potential buyers to get into the car, but this is done only in those places where customers have low expectations and demand exceeds supply.
The car for sale should be shown in action, for this you need to turn on the ignition so that you can press all the buttons and so that all the lights come on. To this end, many car dealerships offer the popular test drive service. If this service is not offered for certain models, the manager can take the buyer for a ride through the nearby streets or the backyard of the car dealership.
In order for the buyer to feel comfortable in the car (albeit a stranger for now), it is imperative to adjust the mirrors and the seat for him.
At the present time, credit systems contribute to the rapid development of the car sales industry. Therefore, when the consultant of the car dealership starts to demonstrate the car, the visitors of the car dealership forget about their other needs and decide to buy a car that may not even be affordable for them. In such cases, emotions prevail over the mind of the buyers and the manager must be able to use such moments.
Inexperienced or lazy car dealership managers cannot captivate buyers, they do not offer visitors to show the car, they do not take the initiative and do not dare to help the client choose a model. Therefore, consultants of car dealerships should think for the visitor, guess his innermost desires, offer different versions auto, willingly shares his own experience.
During the presentation of the machine, the seller must pay attention to the buyer's requirements. Often, inexperienced managers do not ask any questions at a car dealership, so they create the impression that they are afraid to invade the personal space of buyers and ask something. The seller of the car must master that it is the question that is the real tool for selling, and it is precisely the correctly asked questions that most often lead customers to a purchase, and even faster than the most complete and wonderful information about the car.
In some cases, managers can get so carried away by stories about the car that they simply do not have time to talk to the visitor, since other customers are waiting for them at the car dealership. Therefore, in such cases, it would be better to ask clarifying questions after the presentation of the car. If the questions of how the most powerful tool for selling cars are not fully utilized, then the manager loses his potential buyers.
In other words, often visitors to car dealerships who have money leave with nothing and the fault is the manager who did not want to understand the client and satisfy his desires. Therefore, the sales volumes of car dealerships turn out to be too low and the reason for this is that sellers do not ask customers questions.
Councils for the sale of a car.
Description of the presentation for individual slides:
1 slide
Slide Description:
2 slide
Slide Description:
Introduction Today: cars have completely taken over major cities. In the 21st century, the car will face significant changes: from an invader, he needs to turn into a smart assistant. Other cars will come to replace them - faster, cleaner, safer. In the last century, the car has subjugated man, forcing people to groom and cherish the "four-wheeled friend."
3 slide
Slide Description:
What will the car of the future be like? Probably, many watched films about science fiction or dreamed of moving in a time machine. And they probably imagined what the car of the future will be like. I propose to take a look at the car as it will be in 30 years.
4 slide
Slide Description:
The basic principles of the automotive industry today and tomorrow: 1. Pursuit of economy - today modern engines consume fuel from petroleum products, the reserves of which in the bowels of the earth are decreasing every year; - tomorrow Electrical engine will be small and can be powered from a regular electrical outlet. 2. Increase in power - with the development of technology and science, the engine power increases every year.
5 slide
Slide Description:
3. Environmental friendliness - today cars pollute the environment, exhaust poison the air; - tomorrow the electric motor will be environmentally friendly. 4. Security - modern car must be safe to protect the driver and passenger in the event of an accident. - today there is already a system for monitoring the driver: the camera scans the face, sensors fix the obstacle in the path of movement, which allows the driver to not be distracted from the road. - Tomorrow, with the development of technologies for navigation and autopilot cars, this type of transport will become the safest.
6 slide
Slide Description:
5. Reducing the size of the car is the main task of the future, since every year there are more and more cars, and the road space does not increase, then small cars will become very popular.
7 slide
Slide Description:
It already works! Digital rear-view cameras transmit the image to the driver on a monitor in the cabin. Exhibition in international motor show Chery. Circular overview- Nissan has already made a system that provides the driver with a top view of his car. The image comes from several outdoor digital cameras. It is very useful to see the location of all nearby cars competing for a place in a traffic jam. Communication system between vehicles. Sitting in a car, a driver can send messages along a chain to the driver of another car.
8 slide
Slide Description:
Science fiction will come true! In the future, there will be no mechanical parts in the car - everything will be replaced by electronics. The electronics will have more control rights than the driver, it will monitor the car, driver and traffic situation... Electronics will completely replace the driver. Then a person only has to set a route, and the car itself will take him to his destination, even from Saratov to Paris - the navigation system will envelop the entire globe. The profession of a chauffeur in the future will face the same fate as coachmen at the beginning of the 20th century.
9 slide
Slide Description:
In metropolitan cities, roads and streets turn into one continuous traffic jam. What's the hardest part? - squeeze your car to park. The car will be able to fold and unfold in length. It will not be difficult to park such a car, especially since the car will be able to rotate around its axis, because each wheel turns 120 degrees and has its own micromotor.
10 slide
Slide Description:
A car that is powered by air! The biggest problem facing environmentalists around the world is exhaust emissions. Modern car makers are already introducing into their cars MDI company has come up with a unique car, the engine of which runs on normal air. This machine feeds on the ordinary air we breathe and throws it out - the air back into the atmosphere. The pistons are driven by highly compressed air.
11 slide
Slide 2
Rationale for the choice of topic
The theme "Cars - Old and Modern" was chosen by me because I love various cars... Cars are very important for a person, since in the modern world, a person himself can no longer cope with the rhythm of high speeds. V Everyday life Cars play an important role - these are taxis, ambulances, fire trucks, rescue vehicles and many others.
Slide 3
Purpose of the research: to study the history of automobiles. Research objectives: 1) Collect information about the development of the car; 2) Carry out the classification of cars; 3) Conduct a survey among class students; 4) Draw conclusions on the research topic.
Slide 4
Automobile Automobiles have been around for over a hundred years. The word "car" consists of two words: the Greek "auto" means "itself", and the Latin "mobile" means moving. " All together it translates as "self-propelled". The very, very first car was designed by the Frenchman Nicolas Cugno in 1770. Karl Benz's car, 1885. The first production car with an internal combustion engine.
Slide 5
Car classification
Slide 6
What does a car consist of?
The body is the main part of the car. The engine is the heart of the car. The most important part of the car. Thanks to him, the car moves. The chassis is the base of the machine. Salon - passengers and cargo are accommodated here. Trunk - to accommodate luggage.
Slide 7
Security
The development of the automotive industry has led to an increase in the speed of movement, an increase in the number of cars on the roads. More and more accidents happened. In 1909, uniform rules were adopted for all countries, the first road signs, the responsibilities of drivers and pedestrians have been established. In 1914, the first traffic light appeared. Also, one of the most important areas was to increase the safety of the car itself. This is how bumpers, belts, airbags and various systems appeared.
Slide 8
Poll Investigating this topic, I conducted a survey among classmates, in which the following questions were proposed: What brands of cars do you like? Why do you need a car in the first place? What should be the car of the future?
Slide 9
What car brands do you like? Why do you need a car in the first place? What should be the car of the future?
Slide 10
Output
According to the survey results, the modern generation of students chooses safety as the main quality, and they believe that a car is necessary for business travel around the city, and not for entertainment. The environmental friendliness of the car is considered an important factor, since a clean environment is important for the children. Summarizing the collected material, I would like to note the important contribution of cars and the automotive industry to modern history and human life. The founder of the automobile industry, Mercedes Benz, was recognized as the best car brand.
Slide 11
Conclusion
This work: - Allowed me to learn a lot of new and interesting things about the history of the car; - gave advanced knowledge on the creation and emergence of new car brands; - I think that my project will be useful to those who are not familiar with the development of the automotive industry and will allow you to learn a lot about the history of the car.
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