UAZ vehicles cannot be called a very common group of vehicles on modern roads, but despite this, people are often interested in issues related to the design features of the front or rear axle or troubleshooting other units and systems of these machines. Given this fact, in this article we will consider the device front axle UAZ on the example of model 3741, or, as it is also called, “loaves”.
How the front axle of UAZ works
The old-style front axles, which include part of the UAZ-3741 design, do not differ much from similar new elements of the "Spicer" type. The fundamental differences between them lie only in the design of the crankcase, the dimensions of the constituent parts of the final drive and differential, as well as in some of the parts used.
The main part of the old axle is made up of a split crankcase, which consists of two divided halves, into each of which casings are pressed into with the axle shafts available inside. The covers are also provided for the presence of safety valves, which are responsible for limiting the increase in oil pressure in the system.
The main gear and differential are located in the crankcase, which have a standard device: a drive gear with a small diameter is located in the horizontal direction and is connected to the cardan. It engages with a large driven gear which is positioned longitudinally. A differential is placed inside the driven gear, consisting of four satellites located on two axles and two semi-axle gears.
On the edges of the crankcase there are pivot assemblies, which include ball bearings with housings of the pivots (or pivots) on them. On the side opposite to the axle shaft, the trunnions themselves are attached to the trunnion housings, in which the wheel hub is mounted by means of two bearings. In the housings of the ball joints, there are hinges of equal angular velocities (CV joints), the outer trunnions of which are located in the hubs.
The main feature of the front axles of the UAZ is the presence in them of a mechanism for connecting the wheel hub with the semi-axle, which is made in the form of a clutch, with which it is possible to connect or disconnect the hub and the pivot of the hinge. This is what guarantees the transmission of torque from the differential to the wheel.
When the clutch is disengaged, the wheel hub can rotate freely on the trunnion, which means that the car will have a 4 × 2 wheel arrangement... In the event that the clutch is engaged, the wheel hub through the CV joint will be connected to the semi-axle and differential, and the car becomes all-wheel drive - 4 × 4. The front axles of the old representatives of UAZ, the design features of which are also characteristic of the "loaves", were equipped with hubs with drum brakes installed on them. To control the wheelbase on the bridge there are steering knuckle levers (located at the top of the steering knuckle housings) and steering rods connected to them.
Note! In the new Spicer-type axles, the steering angle reaches 32 °, while the same indicator of older specimens does not exceed 29 °. Otherwise, the control of vehicles with different types of axles is no different.
Possible bridge failures and their causes
The main malfunctions of the front axle include the formation of leaks of lubricating fluids, excessive wear of fasteners, defects in bearings, axle shafts, as well as mechanical damage to the beam and wear of components. The reasons for these malfunctions can be very diverse. For example, if the rear-wheel drive car is turned on front-wheel drive then driving on uneven road sections will damage the transmission components. The use of winter gear oil in summer or flight fluid in winter can lead to a similar effect, which in any case will not have the best effect on the functioning of the car. Also, remember to maintain constant tire pressure to help prevent bearing and shaft problems.
As for the most common cause of various malfunctions of the front axle of the UAZ 3741, then, in most cases, the reason for their appearance is a violation of the axial clearance of the pivots. To check whether it is broken or not, it is enough to raise the front of the car with a jack and try to swing the wheel up and down. If axial play is observed, then it will be necessary to adjust the clearance of the pivots.
Interesting fact! The first car produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, known as the GAZ-69, already had a 4 × 4 wheel arrangement, which provided it with simply phenomenal cross-country ability. Moreover, this vehicle was not whimsical in terms of service, which was also an undeniable advantage. A similar concept of "people's SUV", which was successfully implemented in the GAZ-69, still retains its relevance and continues to be implemented in modern models of the UAZ group.
How to remove the front axle
Considering that the UAZ-3741 has a frame structure, then dismantling the front axle will not be particularly difficult. To complete the task, you will need durable and high-quality jack, stops, which can withstand one and a half tons, and a special liquid WD-40, helping to unscrew rusted nuts. 
The procedure for removing the front axle is as follows:
- Place stops under rear wheels and make sure it is securely in place vehicle.
- Disconnect the right and left brake pipes from the rubber hoses to the front brake drums.
- Unscrew the nuts securing the brake hoses and dismantle the hoses themselves.
- Unscrew the fastening nuts of the lower ends of the shock absorber and the bolts connecting the propeller shaft to the drive gear flange.
- Unscrew and unscrew the bipod ball pin nut and disconnect the tie rod from it.
- Now it is necessary to unscrew the fasteners (nuts) of the ladder of the front springs and remove the part (ladder) together with gaskets and linings.
- At the last stage of work, lift the front of the car by the frame and remove the bridge from under it.
How to disassemble the bridge
When repairing the front axle, it must first be installed on a special stand. This will greatly facilitate the task of disassembly, which consists of several sequential stages:
That's it, the dismantling of the UAZ bridge can be considered complete.
Did you know? The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, which is still engaged in the production of UAZ vehicles, was founded in July 1941 and is part of the Sollers holding.
Dismantling the steering knuckle without removing the axle
If you do not want to dismantle the front axle of the UAZ, but it is still somehow necessary to disassemble the steering knuckle, then the following steps should be performed:
Thus, by performing these simple manipulations, you will be able to disassemble the steering knuckle without any need to remove the bridge.
Domestic off-road conditions cannot scare the owners of UAZ vehicles, but for their proper operation it is necessary to adhere to certain operating rules.
So, for example, UAZ ("loaf") has a front axle, the design of which imposes certain requirements on the control of the machine. Among other things, such axles provide for the disconnection of the wheel hubs and semi-axles, which contributes to an increase in the resource of the axle parts when the front drive is disconnected. Therefore, to turn on the front drive UAZ-3741, you will have to perform two steps: by turning the coupling, connect the wheel hub to the axle shaft, and then, using the lever, turn on the front drive.
In order not to damage the components of the structure, you can turn on the front-wheel drive only after turning on the clutches, both on an idle car and during its movement at a speed of no more than 40 km / h. If the drive engaging lever does not want to take the operating position when the car is off, then you need to start the engine and switch it on the go.
As soon as the machine overcomes the problem section of the path, perform all actions in the reverse order: stop the vehicle, disengage the front axle using the lever and turn the clutch caps to the “4 × 2” position. After that, the car will be able to continue its movement as a normal rear-wheel drive vehicle.
Remember! It is impossible to activate the front-wheel drive by means of the lever (from the passenger compartment) without engaging the clutches.
Also, experts do not advise constantly driving with the clutches on, as this seriously reduces the resource of the front axle and rubber.
Nevertheless, in the off-season and with constant use of the UAZ-3741 in off-road conditions, the clutches may not be disconnected, it is enough to adhere to a moderate speed mode.
Interesting fact! Nowadays, there are systems for remote rotation of couplings, which can be pneumatic or electric. In the presence of such a system, the clutches are turned on and off by pressing the button located in the passenger compartment.
Concerning Maintenance"Loaf", then it is not particularly difficult. Check all sealing elements at regular intervals, clean the valves and, if necessary, tighten the existing ones. threaded connections... In addition, do not forget about the need to periodically check and adjust the wheel bearings and diagnose the axial clearance of the pinion gear. Particularly noteworthy is the flooded in the bridge transmission oil, the replacement of which should be carried out in a timely manner (according to the manufacturer's recommendations - every 40,000 km of run or more often, depending on the specific operating conditions, the age of the vehicle and the quality of the filled lubricating fluid). It is also necessary to periodically change the oil in the CV joint, wheel hubs and steering knuckles, and in the drive axles of the "Spicer" type, the guide bushings of the disc brakes are additionally lubricated.
Regular maintenance and correct operation front and rear axles UAZ-3741 is a guarantee of reliable operation of the vehicle for many years.
The so-called collective farm, as well as "military" bridges are traditionally installed on UAZ vehicles. What is the specificity of both?
What are "collective farm" bridges on UAZ vehicles?
The bridges in question are also referred to as "civil". These designs provide the transmission of torque through the differential and axle shaft directly to the wheel hubs. "Collective farm" bridges are characterized by:
- small mass;
- simplicity of design, low cost of repair and maintenance;
- the ability to install differentials with a self-locking function;
- low noise level;
- functionality assuming moderate dynamics of fuel consumption by the vehicle.
According to motorists, UAZ with "collective farm" bridges provides a sufficiently high vehicle stability on the road, and also copes well with braking. These bridges allow to achieve good cross-country ability of the machine. A decent maximum speed of the car is maintained - about 100 km / h.
The alternative to "collective farm" bridges is most often the "military". Let's consider their specifics.
What are "military" bridges on UAZ vehicles?
These mechanisms provide the transmission of torque using a special gearbox. Therefore, "military" bridges are often also referred to as gear bridges.
Their main advantages:
- functionality, which implies an increase in the vehicle's ground clearance by about 8 cm in comparison with the "collective farm" bridges;
- higher torque when driving a car at low speeds off-road;
- even distribution of the load between the gearbox and the main pair, as a result of which the reliability of the bridge is increased.
However, the main advantage of the "military" bridge is its ability to guarantee extremely high cross-country ability of the vehicle. At the same time, this advantage is provided not only due to ground clearance, but also due to a more efficient distribution of torque to the wheels.
A car with a "military" bridge goes better uphill. So, UAZ, on which the corresponding mechanism is installed, in principle, can overcome the rise with an inclination of about 50% without any special problems. In turn, in a car with a "collective farm" bridge, it is better not to try to storm such obstacles.
The installation of a "military" bridge at the UAZ predetermines a slight increase in gasoline consumption by car - by about 1-1.5 liters per 100 km. In addition, there may be additional costs for machine maintenance. Maximum speed « iron horse"With a" military "bridge is slightly reduced - up to 90 km / h.
UAZ with a "military" bridge also slightly reduces vehicle stability on the road and when braking. This is due to the increased run-in shoulder due to the presence of wheel reduction gears in the design of the mechanism under consideration.
Comparison
The main difference between "collective farm" bridges from "military" ones on UAZ vehicles is that the former do not have a gearbox in their design. On the second, the corresponding mechanism is installed. Hence the difference between the key characteristics of vehicles on which "collective farm" and "military" bridges are installed in the aspect:
- speed;
- stability on the road;
- patency;
- ability to climb uphill;
- clearance values;
- gasoline consumption.
Having determined what is the difference between "collective farm" and "military" bridges on UAZ vehicles, we will fix the conclusions in a small table.
table
| "Kolkhoz" bridges | "Military" bridges |
| Do not have a gearbox | Have a reducer |
| Provide vehicle speed of about 100 km / h | Provide vehicle speed of about 90 km / h |
| Ensure higher vehicle stability on the road | Give less stability to the car |
| Provide good cross-country ability of the vehicle | Provide very high flotation |
| Do not always provide effective lifting of the car uphill | Easily provide lifting of the machine uphill with a slope of about 50% |
| Do not significantly increase ground clearance | Increase ground clearance by about 8 cm in comparison with "collective farm" bridges |
| Assumes a moderate dynamics of gasoline consumption by a car | It is assumed that gasoline consumption will increase by about 1-1.5 liters per 100 km. |
After removing and disassembling the front military axle Oise, all its parts must be cleaned of dirt and thoroughly rinsed in gasoline or kerosene. Then carry out troubleshooting and inspection technical condition bridge. If such a need arises, then repair or replace parts and assemblies with new ones.
Cover and crankcase of the main gear of the front military axle Oise.
Cracks or breaks of any nature and location, breaks of the front spring cushion are not allowed on the cover and crankcase. And also, the diameter D1 is more than 72.05 mm, the diameter D2 is more than 80.00 mm, the diameter D3 is more than 60.6 mm, the diameter D4 is more than 89.985 mm. Weld cracks must be repaired with welding. Threads A, B and C are repaired by setting screwdrivers.
Carter of the main gear of the front military axle Oise.
Spherical bearing steering knuckle assembled.
Cracks or breaks of the support, wear of surface B to a depth of more than 0.2 mm, diameter D1 less than 59.95 mm are not allowed. And also, a decrease in the protrusion of the plane of the washer above the surface A is less than 0.5 mm, a decrease in the size B to less than 147.7 mm. If the holes in the bushings are worn out, replace the bushings with new ones. The pivot bushings must be pressed in with an interference fit of at least 0.015 mm.
Kingpin of the steering knuckle. Steering knuckle pin locking pin.
Cracks and breaks, spalling of the cemented layer are not allowed, diameter D1 is less than 42.01 mm, diameter D2 is less than 24.96 mm, size A is less than 19.8 mm. Repair thread B by cutting a thread of repair size M10X1.25. The pin must be replaced 100%.
Cracks and breaks are not allowed. And also, the diameter D1 is more than 42.04 mm, the diameter D2 is more than 52.05 mm. The wear of the tapered bore A is repaired by welding with subsequent processing or insertion of the sleeve. Breakdown and crushing of threads B, C and D of no more than two threads is eliminated by running more than two threads: thread G - by cutting a thread of repair size for a stepped stud, threads B and C - by setting screwdrivers.
Cracks, breaks and twisting of the fist are not allowed, diameter D1 is less than 29.98 mm, diameter D2 is less than 19.96 mm, wear of splines B in width up to size A, at which the lateral clearance measured in conjunction with a new gear is more than 0.25 mm.
Outer (short) hinge fist.
Breakdown and crushing of thread B of no more than two threads is eliminated by sweeping, more than two threads - by welding, followed by threading of the nominal size.
Cracks, breaks and twisting of the fist, wear of the splines in width up to size A, at which the lateral clearance, measured in conjunction with the new side gear, is more than 0.25 mm, are not allowed. Local wear or scratches on the surface underneath are eliminated by processing, while the diameter D1 must be at least 31.8 mm.
Inner (long) hinge fist.
Cracks and breaks are not allowed, diameters D1 and D2 less than 44.94 mm. If the diameter D4 is more than 32.44 mm, replace the bushing. The new bushing must be pressed flush with the surface A. The tolerance of the runout of the surface B relative to the axis of the surface B is 0.1 mm.
Steering knuckle pivot.
Remove local wear or scratches on surface C by machining, the diameter D3 must be at least 59.5 mm. If the diameter is less than 59.5 mm, replace the sleeve. Press in the new bushing until it stops. The runout tolerance of the surface C relative to the pivot axis is 0.1 mm.
When worn thrust washer up to size K less than 4.7 mm, replace the washer. Press in a new washer as far as it will go, the oil grooves must face outward. Check the fit P of the sleeve in the socket with light blows with a hammer, replace the sleeve if the fit is loose. The tension in the mate must be at least 0.025 mm.
Cracks and chipping of the working surface of the teeth, breakage of teeth at the edges of more than 4 mm, diameter D1 less than 35.00 mm, diameter D2 less than 29.96 mm, wear of the splines up to size B, at which the lateral clearance measured in conjunction with a new flange , more than 0.25 mm, twisting of the splines.
Final drive pinion.
Break off the tops of the teeth at the edge, no more than 4 mm long, clean up. Sharp edges at break points should be rounded. Grind the stepped workings on the teeth to the level of the worn part of the tooth. The surfaces of the teeth must be clean and smooth. Restore thread B by surfacing followed by cutting the thread to the nominal size.
Driven gear of the main gear of the front military bridge Oise.
Cracks and breaks of teeth on each side of more than 4 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth are not allowed. Grind off the fractures of the tops of the teeth at the edge with a length of no more than 4 mm. Round off sharp edges at break points. To clean the stepped workings on the teeth to the level of the worn part, the surfaces of the teeth must be smooth and clean.
Axle gear.
Cracks and breaks of teeth on each side with a length of more than 3 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth, wear at which the lateral clearance measured in conjunction with a new fist (axle shaft) is not allowed is more than 0.25 mm, diameter D1 is less than 39.87 mm ...
Grind off the fractures of the tops of the teeth at the edge with a length of no more than 3 mm. Round off sharp edges at break points. To clean the stepped working on the teeth to the level of the worn part. Eliminate seizure marks or scratches on the bearing surface B by machining for repair size A - 8.1 or 7.9 mm.
Differential satellite.
Cracks and breakages, annular scoring or wear of a hole up to a diameter of more than 16.20 mm, chipping on the working surface of teeth, scoring and scratches on a spherical surface are not allowed.
Differential pinion box.
Cracks and breaks, wear of the journals for bearings up to a diameter of less than 50.0 mm, wear of the holes for the journals of the semi-axle gears up to a diameter of more than 40.11 mm, wear of the holes under the pinion axles up to a diameter of more than 16.05 mm, deep seizure of the end surface under support washer of the semi-axle gear and spherical surfaces for the satellites.
Seizure marks and annular working up to 0.4 mm deep on spherical surfaces for the satellites, on the end surface for the support washer of the semi-axle gear and on the cylindrical surface under the journals of the semi-axle gear must be removed by stripping. The left and right halves of the box are processed jointly at the factory, therefore, when rejecting one of the halves of the box, reject the other as well.
Differential pinion axle.
Cracks and breaks, scratches on the surface for satellites, wear of the surface for satellites to a diameter of less than 15.94 mm are not allowed.
Cracks and breaks, twisting of the shaft, diameter D1 less than 54.94 mm, diameter D2 less than 31.92 mm, wear of the splines in thickness up to size B, in which the lateral clearance in engagement with the mated new coupling is more than 0.25 mm are not allowed. The wear of threads C and D of no more than two threads is eliminated by running, more than two threads - by welding and surfacing, followed by cutting a thread of the nominal size.
Shaft of the driven gear wheel of the front axle reducer.
The leading gear wheel of the wheel reduction gear of the front military axle Oise.
Cracks and breaks of the teeth of each side with a length of more than 4 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth, wear of the teeth in thickness to a size at which the lateral clearance in engagement with the mating new gear is more than 0.4 mm, wear of the splines, in which the lateral clearance, measured in conjunction with a new fist, more than 0.25 mm. Grind off the fractures of the tops of the teeth at the edge with a length of no more than 4 mm. Round off sharp edges at break points. To clean the stepped working on the teeth to the level of the worn part.
Cracks or breaks are not allowed, diameter D1 is more than 100.07 mm. Thread wear A of no more than two threads is eliminated by sweeping. More than two threads - by threading a repair size for a stepped hairpin.
Wheel reducer housing cover.
Driven gear wheel reducer.
Cracks and breaks of the teeth on each side with a length of more than 4 mm, chipping on the working surface of the teeth, wear of the teeth in thickness to a size at which the lateral clearance in engagement with the mating new gear is more than 0.4 mm are not allowed. To clean off the breakage of the tops of the teeth at the edge with a length of no more than 4 mm. Round off sharp edges at break points. Grind the stepped workings on the teeth to the level of the worn part of the teeth.
Eliminate thread wear of no more than two threads by running. More than two threads - by drilling new holes in between the old ones and tapping threads to the nominal size.
Cracks and breaks are not allowed, except for breaks of the drum collar at a distance of no more than 5 mm from the edge, diameters D1 and D2 are more than 85.00 mm. In the presence of the indicated defects, replace the hub or drum with subsequent boring of surface A. Treat the surface after pressing in the outer rings of the hub bearings. The runout tolerance of the surface B relative to the hub axis is 0.1 mm.
Wheel hub with brake drum.
Check the fit of the hub bolts with light hammer blows. If there is any looseness, remove the bolt and re-fit by installing a repair bolt or bushing. The bolts must be pressed in with an interference fit of at least 0.3 mm. The sleeve must be pressed in and locked.
Crumpled or stripped threads of no more than two threads are eliminated by running. Crumpled or stripped threads of more than two threads are eliminated: C and D threads - by replacing bolts and studs, K threads and threads for puller bolts - by cutting a thread of repair size. Eliminate seizure or wear on the working surface A of the drum with a boring to the oversize (table above).
Surely on sale you have met UAZ cars, where car owners proudly talked about military bridges, making a mark-up of several thousand rubles. This topic has been discussed more than once. Some say that such cars are worthy of attention, while others, on the contrary, prefer to ride on civilian bridges. What are they and what are their differences? Let's try to figure it out.
Varieties
On UAZ vehicles, two types of mechanisms are used - with a single-stage main gear, as well as with a final drive. The first (UAZ) military is installed on cars of a wagon layout, the second - on the cargo-passenger model 3151 (in other words, "Bobik"). The driving mechanisms have a U-shaped design and are installed together with cardan shafts. However, the installation of such elements on cars of the carriage layout (of the "tadpole" type) requires significant technical improvements. This applies to the design of the suspension, bipod thrust, axles. Also, for full-fledged work, a propeller shaft shortened by a centimeter is required.
As for the final drive elements, they have differences in the middle part, namely, a smaller military axle differential. UAZ with such a mechanism also differs in a different way of installing the main gear gear. There are few differences. It is only mounted on tapered roller bearings. UAZ, the military bridge of which is considered to be more durable, has a more complex design compared to its civilian counterpart. There is an adjusting ring between the pinion gear and the large bearing ring, as well as a spacer sleeve and spacers. The pinion bearings are clamped with a flange nut.
Device
Where are the final drives located? On UAZ-469 vehicles, the military axles of which are located at the rear, the transmission itself is located in the crankcases, where the necks are pressed onto the outer parts of the axle shaft casings. The drive gears are mounted on the spline end of the axle shaft, between the roller and ball bearings. The latter is fastened with a retaining ring in the crankcase. Between ball bearing and crankcase onboard transmission there is a special oil deflector. The roller mechanism is fixed in the housing with two bolts. The inner ring of the bearing is attached to the axle shaft with a circlip. The driven gear is attached to the final drive flange. The driven shaft rests on the sleeve and bearing. By the way, the latter has a left-hand thread. The driven shafts of the rear final drive are connected to the wheel hub using splined flanges.
The transmission housing is cast together with the stub axle housing. The drive gear is mounted on the spline of the driven cam between roller and ball bearings (perceive axial loads hinge).
Peculiarities
On such cars as UAZ "Bukhanka", "Farmer", as well as long modifications of model 3151, civil bridges are installed (in the common people "collective farm"). However, some "bobies" are equipped with military counterparts. These are new models with the index 316, 3159 and the Bars modification, which has an increased track gauge. But as a result of this decision, military bridges (UAZ) are not simple here - they are elongated, geared, with a modified "stocking".
What is the difference between the military?
First of all, such a bridge differs from a civil one by the presence of final drives. Thanks to this, the vehicle's ground clearance is increased by 8 centimeters (that is, the gearbox is located higher than the standard one). The main pair has fewer teeth, but at the same time they bigger size... This design significantly improves reliability. Ratio also different. At military bridges, it is 5.38. What does it mean?
The machine becomes more high-torque for ascents, is able to easily carry heavy loads on itself (or on a trailer). However, this mechanism is not designed for speed. The so-called "collective farm" bridges are faster than their military counterparts. And, of course, the differences concern cardan shaft... If these are military bridges (UAZ), the length of this element is 1 centimeter shorter. Therefore, when replacing or repairing a shaft, it is necessary to specify the bridge for which it is designed. The recommended wheel size is 215 x 90 with a diameter of 15 inches.
Advantages
So, the first plus is ground clearance... He, unlike civilian models, is 30 centimeters. "Kolkhoz" UAZs have a clearance of 22 centimeters. The second plus is the increased torque. This is a huge plus if you are going to transport large loads or drag a trailer with you. Due to the large size of the teeth, they do not wear out as often as on civilians (applies to the main pair).
Also, military bridges (UAZ) are distinguished by a more even distribution of the load between the onboard and main transmission. Well, the last thing that the owner of such bridges can boast of is the presence of a limited slip differential. This is learned when driving off-road (in fact, the UAZ was intended for him). If the car is stuck in the mud on only one side, you will not have slipping, as on civilian bridges (the left wheel moves, but the right one does not).
Where are these bridges losing?
We will now list the disadvantages this mechanism, because of which disputes arise between the "uazovods". The first drawback is the increased weight. Civilian bridges are lighter, and therefore fuel consumption is lower.
Also, there are fewer complex parts in their design, so the "collective farmer" is more maintainable. And spare parts for the "warrior" are more difficult to find (the same gearbox of the military bridge). UAZ with a civil bridge is more comfortable to ride and high-speed. Also, due to the use of spur gears in military analogs, the operation of such a design is more noisy. Also on civilians, you can install a spring suspension and disc brakes. It is impossible to put all this on military bridges (including UAZ-469). Oddly enough, but civilian mechanisms are more unpretentious in service. Take oil, for example - military bridges have a lot more lubrication points.
Reviews
Some motorists, in response to the statement “military bridges are better than civilian ones”, agree only 50 percent. As for the increased ground clearance, these centimeters do not offer much of an advantage. Those who need to, lift the suspension and install more "evil" wheels. As a result, the ground clearance can be increased by 1.5-2 times - it all depends on the desire and skills of the car owner. Drivers also complain about increased noise. Still, army bridges make themselves felt, even if the vehicle is used for civilian purposes. And sometimes, to get to your destination (hunting or fishing), you have to listen to this "melody" for several hours. This is especially noticeable on asphalt surfaces. For many, flow and dynamics are important - with military bridges, you can simply forget about these two factors. Reviews from car owners say that the car hardly picks up a speed of more than 60 kilometers per hour, while fuel consumption increases by 10-15 percent. In terms of maintenance, reviews point to an oil leak problem. It starts at the final drives. Therefore, advice for those who are going to take a UAZ: immediately change the oil. Nobody ever thought about this seemingly simple operation. People buy this car and do not even think about the fact that periodically it is necessary to change the oil in the engine and gearbox, not to mention the bridges. Of course, this and it is very difficult to "kill", but if you ride for 10 years on one oil in a gearbox, the machine is unlikely to thank you. As for cross-country ability, reviews note the special design of military bridges. They are made in the shape of a ski. Therefore, to get stuck on military bridges, you need to try hard. And they are more durable in terms of resource, due to the use of other teeth.
Also, reviews note the absence of locks. It is impossible to put military bridges them "do not digest". But, along with this, there is the possibility of installing wheels over 30 inches. If civil bridges are used, the axle shafts and the main pair have to be reinforced.
On the problem of consumption and not only through the eyes of car owners
With regards to noise: judging by the reviews, this is a very subjective opinion. Someone scolds military bridges for noisy, but for someone it does not matter - "as they made noise before, so now." Regarding fuel consumption - with a properly adjusted intake system, such an UAZ will consume a maximum of 1.5 liters more than its civilian counterpart. In addition, some car owners note the lack of spare parts, since military bridges have not been produced for several decades. If it is possible to find something, it will only be disassembled, and it is not a fact that what was found will be in good condition... On the other hand, the bridge is not a "consumable" like a filter, rubber and oil. And you don't have to buy gears and other spare parts every day.
Off-road element
If your priority is offorud, it is definitely better to put a military bridge.
But if you often drive on normal asphalt surface, civilians are definitely chosen for such purposes. It’s not in vain that “collective farm” bridges are being installed on all police "bobiks". In urban areas, comfort and dynamics are a priority.
Conclusion
Thus, it is determined by the further purpose of the machine - it will simply go hunting and fishing, or be prepared for a full-fledged off-road. But it is worth noting that even a civilian UAZ on "stock" tires is able to get through the ford. But you should not use this opportunity on a daily basis: even on civilian bridges one can feel "military echoes" - a frame structure, a rigid spring suspension.
So, we found out how military bridges (UAZ) are arranged, what are their advantages and disadvantages in comparison with civilians. As you can see, you need to initially know for what purposes it will be used.
UAZ is a fairly common and widespread famous car, which has an increased level of cross-country ability. Such a car can often be found among Soviet motorists. This is due to the fact that for the first time the unit was created at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant. He has increased technical characteristics... Naturally, the primary equipment of such a unit did not differ much from the modern modification. Nevertheless, manufacturers do not stop at the spot and develop this type of vehicle, which allows achieving incredible results.
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The history of the car
According to statistical and analytical data, approximately 50% of domestic motorists own such a vehicle. Many of them repeatedly ask the question: how do military UAZ bridges differ from civil ones? To cover this vast topic, it is necessary not only to study historical information, positive and negative aspects, but also to understand the non-standard nuances and differences of such components.
The legendary and well-known 469 UAZ was created on the basis of GAZ 69 by order of the Ministry of Defense during the outbreak of primary hostilities. At that stage of the development of this unit, tasks were set related to the creation of an SUV of a new direction, which would have a military purpose and had several qualities:
- light weight;
- increased cross-country ability;
- dynamism;
- easy maintenance;
- increased level of performance;
- low cost.
A few years later, the UAZ was released, which today is widely used in agriculture and is distinguished by an increased level of cross-country ability and endurance. In connection with the creation of practically two types of vehicles, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant decided to create two types of bridges for the unit, which would have a military and civilian purpose. Historically, specialized bridges for these units were popularly known as:
- "Collective farm" - these are those that were used for civil vehicles;
- portal and gear - were referred to as specialized bridges for military vehicles.
Difference between bridges
First of all, each user of this unit should understand that specialized military axles have a specialized final drive, which is located between the axle shaft and the hub in an additional crankcase.
The advantages of military bridges:
- stock clearance, which is 8 cm more in the standard;
- even distribution of the load between the main pair and the gearbox, which increases the vehicle's cross-country ability and ensures its reliability;
- by the size of the teeth of the main pair. Exceed the standard by several times;
- increased torque at low revs engine;
- the unit does not lose its passability when taking additional weight;
- not too sensitive to oils that are poured into the gearbox;
- resistant to temperature fluctuations;
Such advantages of military bridges have a positive effect on the vehicle.
If UAZ owners install military bridges on a civilian vehicle, then some negative situations arise, namely:
- complex installation of components;
- more frequent adjustment of pivots;
- excessive noise during the movement of the vehicle;
- it is important to correctly select the oil;
- carry out maintenance in a timely manner.
It is these problems that are considered the most common. Thus, before installing portal bridges on a "collective farm" vehicle, you must first think about how to avoid negative situations.
Advantages civil bridges:
- moderate weight;
- reduced fuel consumption;
- repairs available in relation to the price category;
- lack of excessive noise;
- comfort;
- reduced oil consumption.
Naturally, many modern car owners who prefer foreign cars argue that we have this specific vehicle not suitable for movement in an urban environment. However, if you need to drive near mountains, fields or in other non-standard conditions, then finding the best cross-country vehicle of domestic production is almost impossible.
To change or not to change?
Experienced professionals service centers do not recommend the owners of "collective farm" UAZs to use military bridges. There is no need to increase the expenditure of money for the elimination of various malfunctions that may be caused by these changes in the system. In other words, we can say that specialized military bridges differ from civilian ones in that they increase the cross-country ability and stability of the vehicle in various conditions. Therefore, if the owner of this vehicle needs to increase performance characteristics car, it is imperative to replace civilian bridges with military ones.
UAZ is an off-road vehicle, which is an ideal vehicle for driving in the countryside, as well as in the autumn-spring period. This is due to the fact that the unit has four-wheel drive... The car is widely used by hunters, fishermen and tourists. In the event of various malfunctions in the relationship of this vehicle, it is recommended to contact experienced professionals at the service station, where a comprehensive technical inspection of the car will be carried out and various malfunctions will be eliminated.
Overview of the military bridge UAZ
