Homemade products from the engine from the washing machine (video selection, photos, diagrams)
1. How to connect a motor from an old washing machine with or without a condenser
Not all "washing" motors will operate with a capacitor.
There are 2 main types of engines:
- with capacitor start (permanently switched on capacitor)
- with a starting relay.
As a rule, "capacitor" motors have three winding leads, power 100 -120 W and speed 2700 - 2850 (washing machine centrifuge motors).
And motors with a "start relay" have 4 outputs, power 180 W and revolutions 1370 - 1450 (washing machine activator drive)
Connecting a "capacitor" motor via the start button may result in a loss of power.
And the use of a permanently switched capacitor in a motor designed for a starting relay can lead to burnout of the windings!
2. Homemade emery from the washing machine engine
Today we will talk about converting an asynchronous electric motor from a washing machine to a generator. In general, I have been interested in this issue for a long time, but there was no particular desire for reworking the electric motor, since at that time I did not see the scope of the generator. Since the beginning of the year, work has been underway on new model ski lift. My own lift is a good thing, but riding with music is much more fun, so I quickly got the idea to make such a generator so that I could use it to charge the battery on the slope in winter.
I had three electric motors from the washing machine in store, and two of them are absolutely serviceable. Here I decided to convert one of these asynchronous electric motors into a generator.
Running a little ahead, I will say that the idea is not mine and not new. I will only describe the process of converting an induction motor into a generator.
It was based on the 180-watt electric motor of a washing machine made in China in the early 90s of the last century.
I ordered magnets from NPK Magnets and Systems LLC, before I had already bought magnets when building a wind farm. Neodymium magnets, magnets size 20x10x5. The cost of 32 pieces of magnets with delivery is 1240 rubles.
Alteration of the rotor consisted of removing the core layer (deepening). In the resulting recess, neodymium magnets will be installed. At the beginning, a 2 mm core was removed on a lathe - a protrusion above the side cheeks. Then a 5 mm recess was made for the neodymium magnets. The result of the rotor rework can be seen in the photo.
Having measured the circumference of the resulting rotor, the necessary calculations were made, after which a strip template was made of tin. Using a template, the rotor was divided into equal parts. Between the risks, neodymium magnets will then be glued.
8 magnets were used per pole. There are 4 poles on the rotor in total. With a compass and a marker, all magnets have been marked for convenience. The magnets were glued to the rotor with “Superglue”. I will say that this is a painstaking business. The magnets are very strong, you had to hold them tight when gluing them. There were moments when the magnets came off, pinched the fingers, and glue flew into the eyes. Therefore, you need to glue the magnets using protective glasses.
I decided to fill the cavity between the magnets with epoxy resin. For this, the rotor with magnets was wrapped in several layers of paper. The paper is secured with tape. The ends are plastered with plasticine for additional sealing. A hole has been cut in the shell. A neck is made around the hole made of plasticine. Epoxy resin was poured into the shell hole.
After the epoxy cured, the sheathing was removed. The rotor is clamped into a drill chuck for further processing. Sanding was carried out with medium grit sandpaper.
4 wires came out of the electric motor. I found a working winding, and cut the wires from the starting winding. I installed new bearings, since the old ones were spinning a little. The bolts tightening the body are also installed new.
The rectifier is assembled on D242 diodes; the "SOLAR" controller purchased several years ago on Ebay is used as a charging controller.
You can watch the tests of the generator in the video.
To charge the battery, 3-5 turns of the generator are enough. At maximum speed of the drill, 273 Volts were squeezed out of the generator. Alas, the sticking is decent, so it makes no sense to put such a generator on a wind turbine. Unless the wind turbine will be with a large propeller or gearbox.
The generator will stand on the ski lift. Tests in field conditions already this winter.
Source www.konstantin.in
4. Connecting and adjusting the speed of the collector motor from the automatic washing machine
Regulator manufacturing:
Controller setting:
Regulator test:
The regulator on the grinder:
Download:
5. Potter's wheel from the washing machine
6. Lathe from washing machine automatic machine
How to make a wood lathe headstock from a washing machine motor. and a speed control with maintaining power.
7. Wood splitter with a washing machine motor
The smallest single-phase, screw splitter with a 600 W washing machine motor. with speed stabilizer
Working speed: 1000-8000 rpm.
8. Homemade concrete mixer
A simple home-made concrete mixer, consists of: a 200 liter barrel, an engine from a washing machine, a disc from a classic Zhiguli, a gearbox made from a Zaporozhets generator, a large pulley driven by a fairy washing machine, small self-grinding pulleys, a drum pulley made of the same disk.
Prepared and put together by: Maximan
There are many models of electric emery on the market, but it is so simple that you do not want to spend even the minimum money, especially since it is easy to make it yourself. You will have to buy only an abrasive wheel, and the "donor" of the engine will be an old washing machine, which will probably gather dust in the garage and, most likely, will never be needed again. How to make emery from a washing machine engine, read on.
What is the reason for the choice of the motor
First of all, it should be explained why, in most cases, a motor from a washing machine is used in the manufacture of a sharpener. The fact is that old models, such as the Volga, Chaika, Ural and many others, had ideal rpm for emery, 1000 - 1500 per minute. It was this frequency that allowed their activator to spin at an optimal speed. At the same time, washing machines differed quite strongly in maximum load, and hence in engine power. In most cases, it ranged from 200 to 400 watts. This is enough to sharpen even axes with emery.
Nevertheless, before proceeding with the manufacture, it is imperative to study the "nameplate" on the motor housing. This is such a tin plate on which the main parameters of the motor are indicated. It is important that the shaft speed does not exceed 3000 rpm. This is due to the fact that the grinding wheel is not designed for high angular velocity and, if the maximum value is exceeded, it may collapse. This is very dangerous, especially when you consider that most homemade emery lacks protection. Moreover, a high rotation speed will lead to overheating of the sharpened tool, and hence to a loss of cutting qualities.
In addition to the optimal frequency and power, the washing machine engine has a number of significant advantages:
- Connection to the electrical network without additional modifications.
- The existing mounts make it easy to mount the engine on an emery base.
- The length of the motor shaft allows you to place a whetstone on it, albeit with an adapter.
Now that the choice of an engine for emery is justified, you can proceed to the process of making it.
This is the only detail that cannot be done by hand. You will need a lathe and, accordingly, a person who knows how to work on it. What is an adapter for? The fact is that the size of the motor shaft is about 14mm, while the bore
emery circle usually has a diameter of 32 mm. This means that their "direct" connection is absolutely impossible. The adapter, as it were, increases the shaft of the washing machine motor to the required size.
For manufacturing, you need a piece of steel "round timber", approximately 65 mm long. and a diameter of 60 mm. The last figure is due to the need for the so-called flange - a fixed washer on the body of the part, against which a circle of emery rests on one side. Its thickness must be at least 4 mm. A seat with a diameter of 32mm is machined in front of the flange. Next comes the "M20" thread, onto which the nut will be screwed to fix the circle.
For mounting on the engine, a hole is made in the adapter body, the diameter is equal to that in the shaft. Further, it all depends on how the pulley was fixed on the washing machine. There were two main options:
- With threads on the motor shaft and a large nut.
- Bolt 4, screwed into the adapter body, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the motor.
The part to be manufactured must have one of the following fastening methods, depending on the type of engine.
Sometimes, DIYers try to minimize costs and make an adapter with a flange on their own. Most often, a pipe with suitable inner and outer diameters is used as a base. This should not be done without proper experience. The fact is that it is very difficult to find a suitable workpiece, therefore "beats" and distortions are inevitable. It will be unsafe to work with such emery. You should not save on health, especially since the cost of the master's work will not exceed 500 rubles, and if the part is made of its own material, it will cost even less.
Another adapter diagram for making emery from a washing machine engine
The frame on which the engine will be mounted does not require special material costs, but this is no less significant. The base should be well thought out, since making emery is not an end in itself, you still have to work on it. At the same time, all attention should be focused on sharpening the tool, and not on holding the motor jumping all over the workbench with your hand. It is at least inconvenient to work this way, and in this case, we are not talking about observing safety rules at all.
Therefore, the base of the emery should be heavy enough, and most importantly, allow the engine to be fixed in the same way as it was fixed on the washing machine. It is best, of course, to make the frame metal. However, for this you have to use welding. If this is not possible, then you should take a suitable piece of chipboard, and bolt the metal corners to it to mount the engine. Better yet, remove the engine along with the standard bracket from the washing machine and screw it to the base. The main thing is to use bolts and nuts for this, self-tapping screws from vibration can loosen and twist out.
There is one more key point. The height of the motor mounting should not only allow the emery circle to rotate freely, but also provide a 4 - 5 cm gap between it and the base. After the motor is securely mounted on the bed, you need to think about the support table. It must be metal, welding can be replaced with a bolted connection. If, on the washing machine, the starting capacitor was taken out behind the engine housing, on the basis of the emery, it is necessary to provide a place for it.
After the motor is securely attached to the bed and all the accessories are installed, you can proceed to the electrical connections. But first you need to make sure that the grinding wheel is securely attached to the motor shaft, as well as that there are no various beats.
Electric motor connection
First of all, it is necessary to remind the safety rules. AC voltage 220 volts is life-threatening. Therefore, before connecting the wires and motor leads, make sure that they are disconnected from the mains.
An electric motor from a Soviet washing machine cannot be simply plugged into an outlet. Rather, it is possible, but first its windings must be connected in an appropriate way. The motor from the washing machine is connected easier, since it is asynchronous. It is enough for him to connect the rotor and stator windings in series. In a Soviet washing machine, the motor had a synchronous circuit. Its two windings, starting and working, are brought out through the body by four wires.
When making emery, the simplest and most correct thing is to transfer the entire connection diagram of the washing machine to the bed, with the exception, of course, of the timer. If this is not possible, then you will have to remember the school physics course and connect the windings yourself. The most difficult thing is to define them correctly. The fact is that the wires usually do not have any markings. We'll have to take a multimeter and measure the resistance. A value of the order of 30 ohms will correspond to the starting winding, and 20 ohms - to the working one. Now it is enough to "twist" them in parallel and connect them to the power cord, but there is one important nuance.
The starting winding should only be energized while the emery engine is spinning up. After the motor picks up the required speed, it must be turned off. Otherwise, it will get very hot and quickly fail. Therefore, in the open circuit of the primary winding, a button with normally open contacts is turned on, for example, from a doorbell. The emery switch and start button are mounted on an insulating plate in an easily accessible place. All connections are carefully insulated. The emery is ready, you can connect it to the network. After starting, the engine must run without extraneous sounds, vibration and strong heat.
In addition, from a used washing machine, you can also design:
- ,
-
- electric bike,
-
-
-
- concrete mixer,
- lathe,
A worn-out washing machine should not be thrown away immediately. Especially if you have sufficiently developed skills in working with hand tools and there is a habit of tinkering in the workshop. Various homemade products from a washing machine engine can be extremely useful in household.
The class and age of the car depends on which engine will be in the hands. If we are talking about the old, Soviet - it will asynchronous device open type, reliable enough. The motor from an old drum-type washing machine has a power of 180 watts, but it is very convenient for homemade products, since it has excellent torque indicators. In other cases, the following may fall into the hands:
- two-speed washing machine with fixed 350 and 2800 rpm;
- a collector unit, which accelerates the shaft up to 12-15,000 rpm with direct voltage supply without adjustment;
- engines from modern washing machines of various classes, since today manufacturers often do not follow a common equipment standard.
A situation often arises when it is necessary to sharpen a tool or sharpen knives. To perform these works, a sharpening machine is best suited - it is also called a sharpener or emery. This is the simplest power tool, which consists of electric motor and abrasive wheel... Many options are sold in the trade network, which differ from each other in price and manufacturer, but are designed to perform one function - sharpening the cutting tool. Do not rush to purchase a factory-made electric sharpener: any home craftsman is able to make it with his own hands if available necessary spare parts.
To make emery yourself, you first need to choose a suitable electric motor. Most often this is a motor from an old-style washing machine, for example, Malyutka - it is perfectly suited for this purpose. Such a motor meets certain requirements: its power is within 100-200 W, and the number of revolutions does not exceed 1500 rpm. If the speed is higher, then there is a risk of destruction of the abrasive wheel.
High engine speeds are needed to polish parts, but they are not suitable for sharpening.
To make a homemade emery, you can use any another electric motor. It must meet certain parameters.
- Shaft rotation should be minimal. Motors with no more than 1,000 revolutions per minute are best suited.
- The motor power must be between 100 W and 1 kW. The most commonly used motors are 400 watts.
- It is desirable that he has paws for fastening.
- A single-phase or asynchronous motor is best suited, designed to be connected to a 220 volt network.
Algorithm for assembling emery from the engine from the Malyutka washing machine
First of all we do the frame of the future mechanism... It can be made from thick wood board, wood board, suitable plastic, but thick metal board works best. An electric motor is fixed to it using brackets, corners or clamps. The connection of the electric motor to the stone takes place by means of a flange.
Homemade Flanders
Flange fabrication- one of the technically difficult operations in the assembly of homemade emery. It is usually done using a lathe. To do this, it is necessary to measure the diameter of the output shaft and the abrasive wheel, which will be used in the grinding machine. However, if you don't have a lathe at hand, you can do without it. In the video below, you can find out how to make an emery flange from improvised material yourself:
Flange fastening on the shaft by means of a nut with a bolt and a washer. In this case, the direction of rotation of the shaft must be taken into account: the thread on the nut must be in the opposite direction.
This is done for safety reasons, so that during operation the nut does not unwind under the influence of the vibration of the machine, which is fraught with flying off the abrasive wheel and injury.
Finally, it remains to mount the electric grinder to a permanent place and supply electricity. Emery from the engine from the Baby is ready.
In the case of using a motor dismantled from an automatic washing machine, you can make a sharpening machine in the same way, the only difference is in connecting the electricity. The motor from an ordinary washing machine has four wires: two are connected to the working winding, and the other two are connected to the starting winding. To determine the working winding, it is enough to measure the resistance of both. The resistance of the starting winding is 30 ohms, and the working one has only 12 ohms. Engines modern machines have six leads, two of which are the output of a tachometer with a resistance of 70 ohms. Finding them will not be difficult. These wires must be insulated.
Connection diagram is as follows: both windings are connected in parallel and connected to the network, and a button is connected to the break of the starting winding. To do this, you can take the launcher or adapt the button from the doorbell.
How to adapt a drill and grinder for an electric grinder
Emery can be made not only from a suitable electric motor that is available. To do this, you can adapt a power tool - it can be an electric drill or a screwdriver.
The latter is less suitable for these purposes: it has insufficient power and a short battery life.
Making a sharpener from a drill begins with purchasing a nozzle.
A sharpening stone is fixed in it, and then clamped into a cartridge. It remains to fix it to a fixed base using a special mount, which can be bought at a store that sells power tools. With the help of such an electric grinder, you can fix an ax, sharpen a kitchen knife or refuel a drill.
In case of emergency, the sharpener can be made from the grinder... This does not require the purchase of special devices and mandrels necessary for attaching emery. You just need to fix it in a horizontal position on a solid base, install a standard cutting or sharpening disc, and the sharpener is ready to work.
Mini sharpening machine
An electric sharpener is necessary if the master is modeling: Small parts often need to be sharpened when working. A large sharpener is not suitable for small work, so they often make mini-emery with their own hands. The assembly algorithm is as follows:
- take the engine from hard disk a computer or children's toy;
- the spokes tension sleeve from the moped is soldered to the engine axis;
- a small grinding wheel is screwed to the shaft with a screw and washer;
- connect the power supply;
- fix the device to the bed, and the emery is ready.
Electric motors from a faulty sewing machine are often used for these purposes. The advantage of this machine is that the motor has a speed controller, and this expands the capabilities of the device. It can be successfully applied and like a polishing machine.
Safety when working with a homemade device
When making power tools yourself, you should strictly follow safety precautions. If industrial units are equipped with protective equipment., Then in homemade devices you have to make them yourself. You should be aware that the operation of the grinder from the engine of the washing machine without protective cover prohibited. It can be made from sheet metal 2.5 mm thick.
The working circle during sharpening tests strong vibration... To prevent the destruction of emery during operation, when installing a stone, cardboard gaskets are placed under the metal washers. You should also make sure that the disc is not cracked.
During work, you should stand to the side of the circle so that if it breaks, fragments do not fly into the operator.
A variety of useful devices and fixtures can be made from parts from a washing machine, regardless of its condition and type.
They can perform various mechanical work and also play the role of generators of free reserve energy. For the manufacture of homemade products with an electric motor, housings, wiring and other spare parts will fit.
Fixture options
Here's what you can do with an old washing machine. These devices will be useful for household, construction, gardening and renovation.
The most common homemade product is emery.... Since the diameters of the motor shaft and the grinding stone are different, a matching adapter will need to be made. Its role will be played by a piece of a 20-centimeter pipe. At the end of the latter, a thread should be made so that it is twice as long as a whetstone. Its direction should be opposite to the rotation of the motor. This is necessary so that the grinding wheel does not unscrew and fall off.
The adapter must be fastened to the motor shaft. Then you will need to drill a hole there, and screw in the bolt and nut in order to finally fix the emery wheel with the adapter. It remains to strengthen the homemade product on a reliable basis.
The motor power from the washing machine is enough for a small lathe or drum grinder... In the first case, you can slowly machine the cylindrical workpiece. For more reliable fastening, a support should be used that protects the motor from excessive lateral loads. In the second case, a cylinder is put on the engine shaft, on which sanding paper is put on. A steel bar should also be installed inside it, with which you can fasten it to the motor shaft.
An old activator-type washing machine can turn into a small concrete mixer. To do this, you should:
- Make the blades, for which it is necessary to cut out blanks from 4-5 mm steel, connect them at right angles (in the form of the letter P), and weld.
- Attach the part to the place of the activator.
- Connect the motor to the mains (see below).
- All that remains is to put the necessary building materials into the tank.
- In this case, the motor power will be sufficient for small volumes.
You can also make a feed cutter. In addition to the engine, you will need a drum from a washing machine. It is necessary to make two sharpened blades that play the role of knives. The drum is bolted to the base frame. An outlet hole should be made in its lower part. One blade with a knife is installed at the bottom, and the other is closer to the top. A lid must be fitted to the opening in the front of the drum to prevent feed scattering to the sides.
Another possible DIY is a lawn mower. It will work just as well as the factory one. To make it you will need:
First you need to weld a square frame with axles. In the base, which is attached from its bottom side, a hole should be made for the motor shaft, and then secured. A U-shaped handle should be made from longer pipes. A rubber casing is put on its horizontal part to make it easier to hold. A wire with a switch is connected to the motor. If it is planned to use it for cutting wet grass, then all conductive parts must be carefully insulated.
Finally, the last device that can be made from washing machine, - this is generator... The asynchronous motor will require revision. It is necessary to disassemble it, cut grooves in the rotor into which neodymium magnets must be inserted and glued with cold welding. The working winding will need to be connected to a controller, which stabilizes and rectifies the current induced in it and provides a given voltage.
Such a generator will be able to power the lamp or charge the battery. The rotor can be driven by a drill, screwdriver, or pedal mechanism. Other options are also possible.
Types of motors
In older washing machines applied asynchronous motors... They consist of a wound stator and a cylindrical rotor that is driven by a rotating magnetic field. They are distinguished by low noise, simple design, and sufficiently high power. But there are also disadvantages - these are large dimensions and weight, the complexity of smooth speed control, and low efficiency and torque. They also cannot function as a generator without rework.
The most common are two-phase asynchronous motors
... They have a working and starting winding. The first is connected directly, and the second is connected through a phase-shifting capacitor. Currently, asynchronous motors are not used in washing machines.
The collector motor is used in all modern automatic washing machines. Powered by constant and alternating current... It consists of a stator and a rotor, the magnetic fields of which interact, as a result of which the latter rotates. It is equipped with a collector through which voltage is supplied to the winding through the brushes. Advantages - high torque and considerable rotation speed, which can be easily and smoothly adjusted. Brush motors are also capable of operating as an externally excited generator.
The inverter motor is directly connected to the drum. It has a rather complex design. This motor can work as an efficient generator if the manufacturer of the electric motor has installed magnets in the rotor, due to which a considerable current will be induced in the stator.
Connection and verification
Make sure the selected motor is running. To do this, determine the conclusions of the windings using a tester or multimeter. To check the operation of the collector motor, you need to connect one wire of the cable with a plug to one brush, and the other to the winding terminal. Free conductors are interconnected. If the engine is working properly, the rotor will start to rotate.
The asynchronous motor is connected in a different way. First, you need to determine the working and exciting windings. The first will have more resistance. Power is supplied to it directly, and to the exciting one - through a phase-shifting capacitor.
