"Parma" cuts through the swamps and impassability of our vast country.
All data is taken from the Lunokhodov.Net website forum, where he shares his experience and skills under the nickname mishanya68.
Tasks originally assigned to the all-terrain vehicle builder.
V technical requirements and wishes such items:
1. confident movement on snow of medium depth and density for the Urals.
2. capacity 2 people, plus 50-80 kg of cargo.
3. minimum, must confidently float on the water (the main use is fishing and buoyancy for safety).
4. The main application is snow and ice 90%, the rest is autumn and spring-snow with mud.
5. to the maximum use of ready-made serial parts and assemblies.
In connection with this project, I once again re-read the topics on "Basin", "Luntik", "Barsik" and "Yukon" - these are ready-made all-terrain vehicles described on the website "Lunokhodov.Net". Many thanks to the authors of the projects for sharing their experience, best practices and drawings that they used.
Based on the experience of previous builders, I outlined an approximate design
1. rotation on the differential with a rear axle, but we will put a cylindrical one.
2. engine 2-cylinder, Chinese made with a cylinder capacity of 690 cubic mm.
3. transmission: belt variator - gearbox from VAZ 5-speed - rear axle from VAZ.
4. dimensions 2500x1750 mm.
The rear axle is taken from the classic Zhiguli. Instead of wheels, sprockets are worn (drive wheels for a caterpillar)
The beam was used. From disassembly, after checking for straightness, I cut off the excess and immediately cleaned it, cleaned it with petal circles with a grain of 40. It turned out pretty quickly, 1.5-2 hours for everything, and cleaning took about 30 minutes. But this time is then saved on welding and painting.
Engine made in China.
Drawings have been developed for the production of guides that are fixed to the inside of the track belt and prevent the tracks from coming off during movement and turns.
Semiaxle factory.
Half shaft purchased, find the differences! Therefore, it was decided to leave the factory half shafts, but with the replacement of bearings.
I bought belts for the production of caterpillars in a rubber goods store at a repair plant in Perm.
Can you be more specific: what is "increased strength"??? In numbers. 4 spacers is good, 12mm is not much?
The strength of the tape is created by the gaskets - the rest is rubber, which in itself does not carry a load, BUT protects the gaskets from damage. For example, I took one so that on one side (outer) it was 3-4 mm, and on the other (inner) - 1 mm. From the inside, damage is practically not expected, and the extra thickness is extra weight and not small! As for the gaskets - they are ALWAYS the same thickness - 1mm., The rest is from their number!
By footage: I took 4 pcs. with a length of 6.5 m, width-150mm, thickness-8mm, ply-7. It turned out for 10 thousand rubles.
He began to cook the frame of the future all-terrain vehicle. Someone calls the frame, someone calls it a boat, someone calls it a skeleton, and the author calls this design a keel, since the all-terrain vehicle is more designed for swimming.
The rounded front of the keel should improve the floating quality of the car.
It was decided to make an all-terrain vehicle without a balancer, as it is intended for trips in winter, the roads are smoother, the weight of the structure is reduced, and it is technically easier to implement.
The frame is assembled with road wheels on both sides, the most common and common wheels are used with R 13 from VAZ, the bottom of the star is raised from the floor level by 350 mm, the wheel is 570 mm in diameter.
Preparation of tracks for the manufacture of caterpillars.
Mounting plates.
Drilling template.
Ready-made holes on the conveyor belts for the manufacture of caterpillars.
Drilling holes according to the template.
Assembly.
A device for drilling holes in rubber using the punch method, but here you don’t need to hit the punch, it is clamped into the drill chuck and the rubber is cut, very good holes are obtained and less effort is needed.
You can watch the video on how it's done.
Photo of a fixture clamped in a drill chuck.
Photo fixture for bending pressure plates and bent plates.
One caterpillar is ready.
Safety engineering. So that it does not hurt to hit the ends of the pipe and not scratch, it is better to protect yourself, at least with gloves.
The caterpillar fits the sprocket, all the tracks are in contact with the teeth.
Front view.
The tension mechanism is designed so that both sloths are tensioned at the same time, there are pros and cons of this method. Plus, the biggest is the same tightness of the tracks, provided that the tracks are the same during manufacture and equally stretched, ease of execution and more reliable fastening of the idler axis. If these conditions are met, driving straightness is guaranteed.
Cons - poor sealing of the boat, since the sloth shaft passes inside the boat, if one caterpillar has flown off, then both sides relax in order to dress. Also to be removed for repairs if needed.
Plates for fastening tension mechanisms.
Ukosina and amplifiers are welded.
Bridge fastening.
Installation disc brakes to the bridge from the VAZ, due to the braking of the drive wheels, the all-terrain vehicle will turn while driving.
The guides on the inside of the caterpillar, on the upper fold along the edges of the canine, are pressed through by 9 mm, this is with a plate width of 40 mm, steel thickness is 2.5 mm. this is the limit for a press with a force of 10 tons.
Guides, with a plate welded inside for attaching to tracks.
Device for making guide plates using a press.
So the guide will pass along the tension wheel.
The guide plate touches the brake hose from the disc brakes on the sprocket, so you need to change the brake hoses and install from the Niva.
The gaps between the guides for the passage of the caterpillar on the caterpillar sprocket are permissible.
All plates are cut and bent.
The caterpillar is the most time-consuming and labor-intensive part of the all-terrain vehicle.
The caterpillar and the sprocket must interact with each other without jamming at the entrance and exit from the star. Verification completed.
Watch the video.
Engine installation.
Installing the clutch and gearbox.
Cardan installation.
Variator on the engine pulley. Transmission - so far, only positive results, the Kayurovsky variator works very well with the Chinese motor. At first, there were problems with releasing the belt at idle, but after adjusting the carb, everything returned to normal. Completely releases at about 1000-1100 rpm of the engine, seizing at about 1500-1700 rpm. Fully compressed at about 2500-2800 rpm.
I couldn’t understand why the maximum speed was less than 3000 rpm by ear, then I saw the gas limit bolt was completely turned on, the Chinese, apparently, turned it on for a quiet break-in, and also completed the control levers.
The first exit took place. First impressions are great.
Everything I said about differential rotation is not entirely true. There are moments about which a little later. The all-terrain vehicle turned out to be quite light and nimble.
He rolls around the garage with his hands into one, unfolds into 2 people. On the video, the surface is packed snow, the gear is first and third of the gas, I press the levers with one finger, there is almost no noise from the stars.
I finished working with the controls (gear shifter and gas drive), and also made a gimbal protection frame. Made a little trip. Now everything works clearly. Tomorrow I'll take everything apart for welding the boat and painting.
Dismantled the all-terrain vehicle for welding and painting.
Flipped over on his back.
I scalded the bottom, the sides remained and can be painted.
The braces are installed.
Pulley shaft inside the casing.
Scalded the sides and painted.
Painted everything inside.
Reducer outside with plug for filling oil and differential.
Perm tuning studio REMIX decided to create caterpillar all-terrain vehicle on the basis of the Okovsky or VAZ engine and test some controversial ideas regarding such equipment on it. The original idea of the team was to build caterpillar all-terrain vehicle with an engine from a car (OKA or VAZ 2108), bridges from VAZ 2101 and Nivovskaya RK.
The hull should look like a boat and be made of metal. Wheels from the VAZ on eight-wheeled hubs will serve as rollers.
Tracked all-terrain vehicle, like all similar ones, will have a differential rotation. Drive - caterpillars without stars and tires.
In order to all-terrain vehicle got the opportunity to move on wheels, it was decided to use the following type of drive:
There was also an alternative solution regarding the wheel-tracked base:
Frame construction:
The bridge beams must be welded into the body of the so-called "boat", and the middle hubs will be removable.
After all calculations were completed, construction began:
With such a transmission, the minimum speed is 1.137 km / h, and the maximum, in turn, is 30.09 km / h. Purely theoretically thirty horsepower The Okovsky engine in this speed range will be able to tow the UAZ sideways on the asphalt. It is not known how the transmission will “look” at this, but purely theoretically, the forces should be enough))
Boat welding.
Front and rear slopes
bottom 2mm.
Board - 1mm.
The rest is galvanized 0.55mm.
With a width of the middle part of the all-terrain vehicle 800mm and a track width of 450mm ground clearance is 200mm. This is quite enough - you can see the video.
Video of the first tests:
Ivan Sardaev, a 67-year-old resident of the city of Topki, took up the invention and creation of various vehicles almost 20 years ago.
In 1993, together with his wife, daughter and son, he returned from Vorkuta to the city of his childhood and built a house in four months. It turned out to be large, spacious, with an area of 150 squares.
Well, about four years after we moved in and settled down, I got tired of removing snow in the winter after a snowstorm: you work with a shovel, and your hands get tired. Like it or not, involuntarily you begin to think with your head, - the pensioner laughs.
Snowplow Ivan Sardaev.
In the beginning there were scooters
Ivan Vasilievich admits: he was fascinated by technology from childhood. As a child, he assembled scooters, sometimes on bearings, sometimes with wheels from a baby stroller. But it was back in 1997 that the tricycle snowplow became his first full-fledged invention. She was unusual - she had two wheels in front, and one - controlled - behind. As the inventor now recalls, the car was weak - it could only rake snow on the paths. He decided to improve it and assembled a model a little more complicated, then another. And then he got so involved in the process that he began to create snow blowers with buckets and rotary augers. And not only them.Topkin's very first snow blower was three-wheeled.
In 2007, Ivan Sardaev even published an article about three of his models in the Modeler-Constructor magazine, and two years later, about the security system. He invented it and mounted it in his house, if necessary, she transmits a signal to his mobile phone.
Several bucket snow blowers, a pair of auger machines and a pair of pneumatic snowmobiles - this is an incomplete list of mobile equipment that Ivan Vasilyevich assembled until 2013. And all this in his spare time - despite his age, he still fixes TVs for people. And four years ago, his son gave him a computer, and when the pensioner mastered the Internet, new ideas appeared. One of the last was the idea to make an all-terrain vehicle on a caterpillar track with your own hands. 
And the roof is from Moskvich
He began to implement the idea in 2015, and it took Ivan Sardaev a year and a half to create an unusual car. Most of the details in the S-10 all-terrain vehicle, the inventor gave this name to his offspring - from the Zhiguli of various models. The rear axle, motor and gearbox are from the “classics”, the rollers in the tracks are the wheels from the eleventh VAZ model. Many parts were collected from neighbors, who, by the way, admire the golden hands of the master, or were selected at car parsing and metal collection points. The roof of the all-terrain vehicle is from the Moskvich, but the caterpillars had to be thought through and assembled by myself to the last detail. For them, the inventor was even forced to buy a conveyor belt in a store.Pneumatic snowmobile is another machine assembled by hand telemaster from Topok.
In total, Ivan Vasilievich spent more than 30 thousand rubles on certain purchases for his offspring.
Most of all I had to tinker with the caterpillars, - the pensioner admits. - It was a very painstaking work that required special care. After all, there’s something you bend wrong, you miss a little and that’s it, either the teeth will cling, or the tape will move out, and in both cases the car will not go.
This is how the all-terrain vehicle looked in the summer of 2016.
Currently, the Topkinian is testing his all-terrain vehicle. On a flat road, it can move at a speed of 35 - 40 kilometers per hour, and on virgin snow, the speed is reduced by about half. By the way, instead of a steering wheel, it has two control levers, like a tractor, and also a double all-terrain vehicle for the driver and passenger - it is always warm, the interior is heated by two stoves.
So far, Ivan Sardaev does not go further than the courtyard and the street where his house is located. But in the future, after the car has been tested at other times of the year, he hopes to register it, as it should be. But the creator does not want to sell it, even for 350 thousand rubles, in which such equipment was priced on one of the sites. You need such an all-terrain vehicle yourself.
Caterpillar all-terrain vehicle S-10 of the Kuzbass pensioner. Ivan Sardaev worked on the all-terrain vehicle for a year and a half. The VAZ-2103 engine, the cab is the top of the Moskvich-2140 cab.
On the basis of a walk-behind tractor, home-made all-terrain vehicles and other off-road vehicles are often made. There are several reasons for this:
- there is an energy-saturated transport block with high traction characteristics assembled on a frame;
- engine and transmission control moved to comfortable handles;
- the mass of walk-behind tractors is low, they can be transported to the right place in the trunk, body or on a car trailer.
For hunting and fishing, a light mini all-terrain vehicle is quite in demand. But the industry has not yet seen commercial prospects in creating kits. attachments, which converts a serial walk-behind tractor into transport off-road. There are quite interesting examples of the creation of such machines. Do-it-yourselfers have created role models with their own hands. There is room for ideas when developing new interesting devices.
Features of all-terrain vehicles from a walk-behind tractor
The main components that should be purchased or made independently for a vehicle based on a walk-behind tractor:
- frame, it serves to organize a mobile vehicle;
- the rear axle is needed to install the rear wheels;
- a seat for the driver, it is desirable to protect it from moisture and dirt from under the wheels;
- the lighting system is needed to move safely at any time of the day.
An all-terrain vehicle based on a walk-behind tractor is created as a single-seat vehicle. Its load capacity should be about 200 kg. The width is calculated from the conditions of rollover resistance, usually it is from 1100 mm or more.
Modern motoblocks Neva, Ugra, MTZ and others are equipped with engines with a capacity of more than 10 hp. This power is enough to move at speeds over 10 km/h. Off-road, when passing slurry or swampy places, the speed may drop to 1-2 km/h.
How to make a homemade wheeled all-terrain vehicle
An example of an all-terrain vehicle drawing on tires low pressure
It makes sense to equip the base unit. The reason is that the best torque performance of gasoline and diesel engines have at a speed of rotation crankshaft about 75-85% of the maximum.
The engine must have a forced cooling system. When driving at low speed, the oncoming flow will not be enough to maintain the optimal thermal regime.
Rover frame
An example of a frame-fracture drawing
A frame is created between the front and rear axles. It is better to use profile pipes of rectangular or square section as the basis. They provide greater rigidity than rolled angles, channels and I-beams of the same weight.
The docking of the frame elements of a wheeled all-terrain vehicle can be rigid, then it will be formed in a one-volume format. When using heavy Neva or MTZ walk-behind tractors, this option will become preferable.
As an option, a breaking frame (fracture) is made, the option is used for areas with a complex profile. Here the articulation is carried out through the kingpin. The front and rear axles have independent suspension. Masters create such all-terrain vehicles on the basis of the Neva and Ugra motoblocks.
Best for hunting and fishing wheeled all-terrain vehicle with broken frame. Its permeability is higher than when using a rigid frame design.
Rear axle and suspension of a homemade all-terrain vehicle
Some DIYers use a ready-made rear axle from passenger car. For example, from the car "Moskvich-412": its small mass allows you to install on light all-terrain vehicle. Suspension is carried out on shock absorbers for a smooth ride and reduced vibration.
Other craftsmen do independent suspension for each rear wheel. This approach is implemented on the scooter "Ant". When driving, there is a slight swaying, at the same time, the wheels experience less resistance on bumps, fuel consumption is noticeably reduced.
The rear axle is connected to the frame with long hardened bolts. For elastic joints, rubber inserts are used, for example, silent blocks. It improves performance characteristics all-terrain vehicle based on a walk-behind tractor.
The rear axle on skis is used in winter. The resistance to movement is minimal, the design is greatly simplified.
Wheels (low pressure chambers)
To move on wet and unsteady ground, lugs can be used. They provide high grip. Large-diameter low-pressure chambers perform even better. Pneumatics have minimum pressure on the ground, and the presence of air enclosed in the chambers of the all-terrain vehicle will make it possible to create a floating all-terrain vehicle.
For installation on the rear axle, home-made or special wheels for all-terrain vehicles, swamps and snowmobiles are used. They are purchased as an assembly or as separate elements: tire, camera, disk. The wheel is easy to assemble.
It is possible to increase the patency of ordinary wheels on low-pressure chambers by creating an additional tread. For example, additionally secure the cameras with chains, a conveyor belt, self-made tracks, or in another way.
Another option is to cut an overhead lug out of the tire. The hook depth of the structure reaches more than 20-25 mm. The rolling resistance increases, while the slip coefficient decreases sharply.
Assembling a homemade all-terrain vehicle from a walk-behind tractor
When all the tools, spare parts and accessories are prepared, you can start assembling. This rough plan how to assemble a homemade all-terrain vehicle, it all depends on the design chosen.
- A walk-behind tractor is installed on a welded or finished frame.
- The rear axle is mounted and, if necessary, the front axle.
- The seat is on the frame.
- If provided for by the drawing and diagram, the steering is mounted.
- Protection is attached to the frame, it is made of plastic or metal sheet.
- The future driver should try out the convenience of landing, if necessary, provide auxiliary devices for adjusting the landing.
- Checking the functionality of the brakes.
- Electrical circuits and lighting fixtures are being installed.
As individual elements and assemblies are manufactured, their performance is checked. It provides for a fivefold margin of safety.
After the bench tests are completed, the field tests begin. You need to know how the car behaves in difficult conditions.
Buy a hitch and trailed to a walk-behind tractor in online stores
Homemade caterpillar all-terrain vehicles do it yourself
The use of caterpillars will help reduce the specific pressure on the ground. The weight is distributed over the entire area of the tracks. Such an all-terrain vehicle propulsion unit based on a walk-behind tractor is able to overcome sand, wetlands, steep slopes and other obstacles.
Some do-it-yourselfers make tracks for tracks made of metal plates with a thickness of more than 5 mm. Rings from water pipes are welded to the plates. Another version of the tracks is made entirely of PVC pipes, cut lengthwise. Trucks are attached to each other on a conveyor belt or other base.
It is easier to make tracks from composite materials. For this, fiberglass and epoxy resin are used. Glass polymer reinforcement is used as a frame. Tracks are made in special forms. After making the right amount, they are assembled into a caterpillar. In the manufacture of tracks from composite materials, elements for articulation from wear-resistant steels are used.
There are options for using tracks made of wood. They will need to be impregnated with protective mixtures.
The easiest way to make a track for an all-terrain vehicle based on a walk-behind tractor is to use a conveyor belt. One track needs two strips. They are connected into a ring, and then a caterpillar is created with the help of segments of a steel pipe.
On the video you can see the option of making a waterproof hull that is kept afloat. In this case, the caterpillar mover will allow you to move not only on land, but also on water. Get an amphibious all-terrain vehicle. For hunting and fishing, it will be indispensable.
Since the phrase about the state of Russian roads came out from Gogol's pen, the problem has not become less urgent. As before, in some godforsaken corners of the country, people generally forgot to dream about asphalt pavement. The only way out is to transfer to all-terrain vehicles. Alas, the models offered by car factories are not able to satisfy the needs of motorists from the outback. Ordinary people need a small, economical, and, of course, cheap vehicle increased permeability. Only in a home workshop from improvised materials can such a dream come true.
Materials and components for an all-terrain vehicle on tracks
It would be fair to warn in advance that power units removed from vehicles are the cause increased consumption fuel. However, compared to motorcycle engines have significant power reserves. The manufacture of caterpillars also entails additional costs.
The body of a homemade all-terrain vehicle is best constructed from aluminum or duralumin sheet. It will be necessary to purchase triplex glass, liquid rubber(can be replaced with silicone grease). The main material for the tracks will be a sheet (or strip) of rubber. One pair of bridges borrowed from Soviet cars- "Zaporozhets" or "Zhiguli".
Can be distinguished important points, which should be taken into account in the process of creating an all-terrain vehicle on tracks.
A self-made body is subject to such requirements as strength, tightness and streamlining with oncoming air flow while driving. As for geometry, the best solution would be a body that resembles a flat-bottomed boat.
In view of the fact that you have to travel around (more precisely, “caterpillar”) wetlands or even overcome shallow water bodies, the body should contain a minimum of seams. In other words, instead of welding, a single sheet must be bent, giving the desired shape. The metal sheet is used to manufacture not only the cabin, but also all compartments, including the one intended for the engine. To exclude the harmful effect of water, moisture-proof material (for example, rubber) reliably covers the joints and fastenings of the nodes. Particular care should be taken to protect the battery and electrical wiring from moisture as much as possible. It is better if special mines are allocated for them.
The rigidity of the design of the cross-country vehicle should be provided by a frame made of steel pipes. Bridges and the engine will be installed and fixed on a frame made of copper pipes.
In the body, make holes designed to bring out the bridges. The joints of the axle shafts and the body (in the holes) should be thoroughly sealed with rubber sleeves.
The highlight of this all-terrain vehicle is the presence crawler, without which it is difficult to imagine movement on any off-road and even swimming. The treadmill is cut out of sheet rubber and looped. When calculating the dimensions of the caterpillar, the distance between the shafts that are leading is measured. An important element, providing the ability to easily overcome any dirt, are lugs attached to the outside of the track with rivets. And if they are made in the form of small blades, then the lugs will play the role of blades when the caterpillar is immersed in water. Such an idea is not difficult to implement, having a thick aluminum sheet at hand. Next, you need to measure the width of the wheels. This value will be needed when calculating the distance between adjacent elements of the limiters, which are attached to the inside of the track. The center of each wheel as here http://modelist-konstruktor.com/ must exactly match the center line of the track and thus the wheel will be located between the stops.
The tensioned state of the tracks can be ensured in the following way: fill the space between the bridge wheels with the driven wheels.
The final stage– the cabin is equipped with laminated glass (triplex or duplex) with rubber fasteners. ATVs - homemade tracks, the drawings of which are in this article, are popular with creative people.
