We continue the story of prayer for beginners. In this article, with the permission of Allah, we will talk about how to perform namaz for a beginner, which violates namaz and answer common questions about namaz
Each prayer consists of a certain amount rak'ats- a set of actions that include reading certain suras of the Qur'an while standing, making one bow from the waist (ruku) and two bows to the earth (sajda).
morning prayer ( fajr) comprises two rak'ahs,
lunch ( zuhr) - from four,
afternoon ( asr) also from four,
evening prayer maghrib- from three,
and night prayer isha- from four.
However, in addition to the obligatory part (fard), each prayer includes a certain amount desired prayers(sunnah), which are not obligatory, however, a reward is also promised for their fulfillment. Beginners, of course, should first accustom themselves to regularly performing the obligatory part of the five prayers, but then they should try to perform Sunnat prayers, in addition to the main ones.
Also, scientists of the Hanafi madhhab consider it obligatory ( wajib) performing namaz vitre, consisting of three rak'ahs which is performed after the night prayer of Isha.
After you have performed ablution and closed the ‘awrah, stand on a prayer rug (if you don’t have one yet, you can use a clean towel or sheet for this purpose), facing the qibla, and express the intention in your heart ( niyat) to pray. During the intention, you need to name the prayer that you are going to perform (mandatory or desirable and its name is fajr, zuhr, asr).
Intention is pronounced mentally, in the following words: “I intend to perform for the sake of Allah the fard (obligatory part) of this morning(For example) fajr prayer(or name the prayer you are going to perform).
Note: the intention to perform prayer must be pronounced mentally, but the introductory takbir, the suras of the Koran and the necessary duas are said aloud(not necessarily loud, you can whisper, but so that you can hear yourself, moving your lips and tongue).
1. After expressing your intention, raise your hands with your palms out to your shoulders and say (out loud!) The phrase “Allahu Akbar!” (this is the so-called introductory takbir) (as shown in the picture). While raising your hands, make sure that your sleeves do not fall and the awrah does not open - this can spoil your prayer!
2. Then fold your hands on your chest (right over left) and read Surah Al-Fatiha
Sura "Fatiha" (Opening)(approximate transliteration and translation):
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
[Bismillahi r-rahmani r-rahim]
In the name of Allah the Merciful, the Merciful
الحمد لله رب العالمين
[Al-hamdu lillahirabbil-alamin]
Glory to Allah, Lord of all the worlds
الرحمن الرحيم
[ar-rahmanir-rahim]
Gracious, Merciful
مالك يوم الدين
[maliki yaumid-din]
Ruler of Doomsday
إياك نعبد
[iyakya nabudu]
You alone we worship
و إياك نستعين
[wa iyyakya nastayyin]
and to You alone we cry for help
اهدنى الصراط المستقيم
[ihdinas-syratal-mustakyim]
Lead us to the right path
صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم
[sypatallazina an'amta aleihim]
the path of those whom You have bestowed with Your blessings
غير المغضوب عليهم
[Gairil-Magdubi Aleihim]
those who have not incurred Your disgrace
و لا الضآلين
[wa lad-dooollin (Amin)]
and those who did not fall into error. (Amen)
(as mentioned above, for the first time you can limit yourself to saying the phrases “Bismillah”, Alhamdulillah”, “La ilaha illallah”).
During the recitation of the suras, the gaze is turned to the supposed place of the prostration.
3. With the pronunciation of the words "Allahu Akbar" make a bow - hand '. Women bow not as deeply as men. The gaze is turned to the toes; the hands lie on the knees, not clasping them.
4. After making the ruku, straighten up again to a standing position.
5. With the words "Allahu Akbar" make a prostration (sajda). To perform it, they first kneel down, then lean on their hands and then touch the ground with their nose and forehead. The toes (at least two fingers) should rest on the ground, the elbows touch the floor and press against the body, the stomach is pressed against the hips.
6. With the words “Allahu Akbar”, rise to a sitting position for a short period of time, which is sufficient to pronounce the phrase “Subhanallah”. Then again say "Allahu Akbar" and make a second prostration.
Here the first rak'ah of prayer ends.
7. With the words "Allahu Akbar", rise to a vertical position for the second rak'ah of prayer and fold your arms over your chest, as described above.
2nd rak'ah:
8. First, as in the first rak'ah, read Sura Al-Fatiha (or say the words of dhikr - the remembrance of Allah). Usually, some short sura is also pronounced in the second rak'ah, but a beginner can limit himself to only one Al-Fatih sura. Then they perform ruku' and sajda as described above.
9. After making two earthly prostrations, sit on your feet (as shown in the picture), hands lie on your knees, both legs are shifted to the right side. You should not sit on your left foot, but on the floor. In this position, the dua Attahiyyat is pronounced.
Approximate transliteration and translation:
التحيات لله و الصلوات و الطيبات
[At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salyawatu wat-tayyibat]
Greetings to Allah, prayers and good deeds.
السلام عليك أيها النبي و رحمة الله و بركاته
[As-salamu alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakyatuh]
Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
السلام علينا و على عباد الله الصالحين
[As-salamu 'alayna wa 'ala ibadillahis-salihin]
Peace be upon us and the true servants of Allah.
أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله و أشهد أن محمدا عبده و رسوله
[Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna muhammadan abduhu wa rasulyuh]
I bear witness that there is no god but Allah
and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.
Attention! While pronouncing the words “la illaha”, you need to raise the index finger of your right hand, and lower it while pronouncing the words “illa Allah”.
11. If you perform the morning prayer (fajr) after pronouncing the dua At-Tahiyyat, a greeting (taslim) is pronounced at the end of the prayer. With the words "Assalamu alaikum var rahmatullah" turn your head towards the right shoulder, and then - with the same words - towards the left.
If you perform a prayer consisting of more than two rak'ahs, then after pronouncing the dua At-Tahiyat (without saying the greeting of the end of the prayer!) You need to rise to a standing position and perform one more (if you perform Maghrib prayer) or two more rak'ahs (if you perform prayers Zuhr, Asr, Isha). After the last (third or fourth rak'ah) is completed, sit down again and say the At-Tahiyat dua again, then say the greeting "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah!" Turning your head first to the right shoulder, then to the left.
After performing prayer, you can turn to Allah with your personal requests (in any language, not necessarily in Arabic).
Note:
In the third and fourth rak'ahs of the obligatory prayer, after reading the Fatiha sura, it is not necessary to read the second sura. If you perform a sunnat prayer consisting of four rak'ahs, then the second sura in the third and fourth rak'ahs is pronounced.
Prayer Witr
As mentioned above, Hanafi scholars consider it obligatory to perform Witr prayer: a prayer performed after the night prayer of Isha and before the time of Fajr prayer. Namaz witr consists of three rak'ahs. Before committing it, the intention is pronounced something like this: “I intend to pray witr for the sake of Allah”- it is not indicated whether this is Sunnat or fard prayer, since there is disagreement among scientists on this issue. In the third rak'ah of this prayer, after reading Surah Al-Fatiha, you need to read a short surah, then saying "Allahu Akbar", raise your hands in the same way as for the introductory takbir, then fold them on your chest and say dua Qunut:
Approximate transliteration:
“Allaahumma inna nasta‘iinuk wa nastahdiika va nastagfiruk, va natuubu ilaik, va nu’minu bikya va natavakkyalu ‘alaik, wa nusnii ‘alaykal-haira kullahu, wa nashkurukya wa laya nakfuruk, wa nahl‘u wa natruku man yafjuruk . Allahumma iyakya na'budu wa lakya nusalli wa nasjudu, wa ilyaykya nas'a va nakhfid, va narjuu rahmatakya va nakhshaa 'azaabak, inna 'azaabakya bil-kuffaari mulhik.
“O Allah! We appeal to Your help, we ask you to lead us on the right path, we ask You for forgiveness and repent. We believe and rely on You. We praise You in the best way. We thank you and do not deny. We reject and leave (leave) all those who commit lawlessness. Oh my God! We worship You alone, we pray, and before You we make prostrations. We strive for You and we go. We hope for Your mercy and we fear Your punishment. Verily, Your punishment befalls the godless!”
If a person has not yet learned dua Qunoot, you can say this dua:
“Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan, va fil-aakhyrati hasanatan va kynaa ‘azaaban-naar.”
“Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the torment of Hell.
What actions violate prayer
1. During prayer, you can’t talk, laugh - moreover, loud laughter (that it can be heard standing side by side people) - violates not only prayer, but also ablution. However, a smile (without a sound) does not violate prayer.
2. You can not make any sounds or sigh. Sneezing or coughing does not break prayer.
3. You can not cry for worldly reasons (crying out of fear of Allah is allowed).
4. You can not perform multiple small actions without need (straighten clothes, itch). Small actions done for a good reason are forgiven, but care must be taken to reduce their number to a minimum.
Extra actions are defined, according to the strongest opinion, as actions which, if seen from a distance by an observer who does not know that you are praying, would completely convince him that you are NOT praying. If you have doubts, then this is not an extra act - and it does not violate prayer. Usually three continuous big acts are considered superfluous (based on Ibn Abidin's Radd al-Mukhtar).
5. A man and a woman cannot pray while standing in the same row (there must be some distance or barrier).
Frequently Asked Questions about Prayer:
Is it possible to pray on a piece of paper or a book? Beginners often pray by looking at a book or piece of paper with a hint. This should be avoided, because in this case it will turn out that you perform many unnecessary actions that make your prayer invalid.
Is it permissible to pray during haida or nifaas? - No, a woman does not perform prayer during menstruation (haid) and postpartum bleeding (nifas). If she still prays at this time, she falls into sin. For the validity of worship, it is very important to learn how to correctly determine the beginning and end of a haid - because if you start praying before your periods are over, such prayers will not be valid, and vice versa, if you do not pray when your periods have already ended, it will turn out that you miss prayers without a good reason. In both cases, you will have to make up for missed prayers later. You can read about Hyde here. Prayers missed at this time (haida and nifasa) do not need to be made up.
Do I need to make up for missed prayers?- Missed prayers - for any reason (except those that were missed due to menstruation and postpartum bleeding) - must be made up! So if you overslept the morning prayer or were unable to pray at work or school, you must definitely make up for these prayers later.
If a person began to pray not with the onset of adulthood(in particular, a woman - not from the moment when her period began), but at a more mature age, is it necessary to make up for these prayers? - Yes, such prayers must be filled.
How to pray at work or school?—People often say that they are unable to pray at work or at an educational institution. These reasons are not considered valid - you should make every effort to find a time and place for prayer.
What if my parents do not allow me to pray?- If direct violence is not used against you (for example, you are not threatened to be killed or seriously maimed - and you must be sure that the threat will really be carried out!), And this is unlikely in the case of loved ones, you should start praying, despite their discontent. Your family is not at home all day, they do not follow your every move - so choose a time when you are not being noticed, find a secluded place in the house and pray. Be patient and firm in your decision - inshaAllah, over time, your relatives will come to terms with your choice and will even respect you for your strength of character.
Is it possible for women to read namaz by a separate women's jamaat(not after a male imam, but to choose some knowledgeable sister and pray after her). Hanafi scholars consider such an action to be makruh tahrimi (close to forbidden), so one should refrain from it (although the scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab allow this).
Women sometimes ask: is it possible to pray with a child in her arms or what to do if, during prayer, the child climbs onto the back or into the arms of the mother (or touches her): In this article, you can read a detailed explanation of this issue “Prayer with a child in her arms”
Muslima (Anya) Kobulova
Based on materials from the Darul-Fikr website
How women pray
Namaz is the order of Allah Almighty. In the Holy Quran, more than a hundred times, it is reminded of the obligatory nature of prayer. The Qur'an and hadith-sharifs say that prayer is obligatory for Muslims who have intelligence and have come of age. Surah verses 17 and 18 Room» « Praise God in the evening and in the morning. Praise be to Him in heaven and on earth, at nightfall and at noon". Sura " Bakara» 239 ayat « Fulfill sacred prayers, the middle prayer” (i.e. do not interrupt prayers). The tafsirs of the Qur'an say that the verses, which deal with remembrance and praise, are reminiscent of prayers. In verse 114 of Surah Hood” says: “Perform prayer at the beginning and end of the day and at nightfall, because good deeds drive away evil ones. This is a reminder for those who reflect."
Our Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wassalam) said: “Allah Almighty has made the daily prayer five times fard for his slaves. For a correctly performed ablution, a hand (bow from the waist), and a sajdah (bow to the earth), during prayer, Allah Almighty gives forgiveness and rewards enlightenment.
Five daily prayers, including 40 rak'ahs. 17 of them are in the category of farz. 3 wajibs. 20 rakah sunnah.
1-Morning prayer: (Salat-ul Fajr) 4 rak'ahs. The first 2 rak'ahs are Sunnah. Then 2 rak'ahs of farza. 2 rak'ah sunnah morning prayer very important. There are scholars who say that they are wajib.
2-Midday prayer. (Salat-ul zuhr) Consists of 10 rak'ahs. First, 4 rak'ahs of the first sunnah are performed, then 4 rak'ahs of the farza, and 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah.
3-Evening prayer (Ikindi, salat-ul Asr). There are 8 rak'ahs in total. First, 4 rak'ahs of the sunnah are performed, after, 4 rak'ahs of the farza.
4-Evening Prayer (Aksham, salat-ul Maghrib). 5 rak'ahs. The first 3 rak'ahs are fard, then we perform 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah.
5-Night prayer (Yatsy, salat-ul Isha). Consists of 13 rak'ahs. First, 4 rak'ahs of the sunnah are performed. Behind him are 4 rak'ahs of farza. Then 2 rak'ahs of Sunnah. And finally, 3 rak'ahs of Witr prayer.
Sunnats of evening and night prayers from the category Gayr-i muakkada. This means: at the first seat, after Attahiyata, are read Allahumma sally, Allahumma barik and all dua. Then we get up on the third rak'ah, read "Subhanaka ..". The first sunnah of midday prayer is " Muakkada". Or a strong sunnah, for which a lot of sawab is given. It is read in the same way as farzes, in the first seat, immediately after reading the attahiyat, you need to get up to start the third rak'ah. Having risen to our feet, we continue the prayer, starting with bismillah, and al-Fatiha.
For example, the sunnah of the morning prayer is read like this:
| 1. Intention (Niyat) 2. introductory (iftitah) takbir A woman should be covered from head to toe so that the figure is not outlined. Only the face and palms remain open. He does not raise his hands to his ears like men. The hands are raised to the level of the breasts, the intention is made, the takbir is done, the hands are placed on the chest. Prayer starts. Skip through the heart" I intend, for the sake of Allah, to perform 2 rak'ahs of the Sunnah of today's morning prayer, towards the Qibla". Then the takbir is pronounced " Allahu Akbar”, Women folding their hands, do not clasp the fingers of their right hand on the wrist of their left, but put their hands on their chest, placing the palm of their right hand on the left hand. Putting his hands on his chest. |
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Qiyam, standing in prayer. Without looking away from the place where the forehead is applied during sujud, a) read " Subhanaka..", b) after " auzu.., bismillah..» read Fatih. c) after Fatihi, without a bismill, a short sura (zamm-i sura) is read, for example, the sura “ Phil». |
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| 3. RUKU'U After zamm-i sura, saying " Allahu Akbar» make a ruku. Women lean less than men. The knees are slightly bent. The fingers do not clasp (as in men) the knees. Open palms are placed on top of the knees. Say three times Subhana Rabbiyal Azim". Pronounced five or seven times. |
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Get up with the words Sami'allahu Estuary HamidahRabbana lakal hamd". Standing thereafter is called " kauma». |
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| 4. Prostration (sujud) Allahu AkbarSubhana Rabbiyal a'la». |
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With words " Allahu Akbar"legs folded at the knees are directed to the right of themselves. The palms rest on the hips, fingers in a free position. |
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AllahuakbarSubhana Rabbiyal a'la". (Sitting between sujuds is called " jalse»). |
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The second ra'kat is performed in the same way as the first. In sujud say at least three times " Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la"and with the words" Allahu Akbar" stand up on feet. When standing up, do not push off the ground, and do not move your legs. From the floor is taken away first: Forehead, then nose, first left, then right hands, then the left knee is taken away, then the right. Standing on his feet after the bismillah, the Fatiha is read, then the zamm-i sura. |
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After with " Allahu Akbar» is performed by ruku. During the ruku, it will lean forward slightly. Without taking your eyes off your feet, say three times " Subhana Rabbiyal Azim». |
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Get up with the words Sami'allahu Estuary Hamidah”, eyes look at the place of sujud. When fully extended, say " Rabbana lakal hamd». |
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| Bow to the earth (sujud) Without stopping on your feet, go to sujud with the words " Allahu Akbar". At the same time, put in order: a) The right knee, then the left, the right palm, then the left, then the nose and forehead. b) The toes are bent towards the Qibla. c) The head is placed between the hands. d) The fingers are clenched. e) All parts of the body are pressed against each other and to the floor. e) In this position, at least three times are pronounced " Subhana Rabbiyal a'la». |
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With words " Allahu Akbar"legs folded at the knees are directed to the right of themselves. The palms rest on the hips, fingers in a free position. (Sitting between sujuds is called " jalse»). |
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After a short sitting with the words " Allahuakbar”, go for the second sujud. In this position, at least three times is pronounced " Subhana Rabbiyal a'la». |
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| 5. Tahiyyat (TASHAHHUD) Women, when sitting (tashahudde), legs folded at the knees, are directed back to their right. The fingers on the knees are pressed to each other. |
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After reading " Attahiyata», « Allahumma barik.." And " Rabbana atina..”, a greeting (salaam) is given first to the right“, then to the left“ Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah» |
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After salam, it is pronounced " Allahhumma anthassalam wa minkassalam tabarakta ya zal jalali wal ikram". Next, you need to get up and, without uttering a word, begin the obligatory (fard) morning prayer. (Because the conversations between the sunnah and the farz, although they do not violate the prayer, but reduce the number of sawabs). This time, you will need to make an intention for two rak'ahs of the morning prayer: "I intend, for the sake of Allah, to make 2 rak'ahs of today's morning prayer, which is obligatory for me, towards Qibla".
After prayer, say three times " Astagfirullah", then read " Ayatul Kursi"(255 verses of the surah" Bakara”), then read 33 tasbih ( Subhanallah), 33 times tahmid ( Alhamdulillah), 33 times takbir ( Allahu Akbar). Then read " La ilaha illalah wahdahu la sharkalyah, lyakhul mulku wa lyahul hamdu wa hua ala kulli shayin qadir". All this is spoken softly. Say them loudly bid'at.
Then dua is made. To do this, men stretch their arms to chest level, arms should not be bent at the elbows. Just as for prayer, the Qibla is the Ka'ba, for the dua, the Qibla is the sky. After the dua, the ayat is read " Subhanarabbika..” and palms are held across the face.
In four ra'kat sunnats or farzes, you need to get up after the second rak'ah by reading " attahiyyat". In the sunnah prayer, in the third and fourth rak'ahs, the sub-surah is read after the Fatiha. In obligatory (farz) prayers in the third and fourth rak'ahs, the zamm-i sura is not read. It also reads " Maghreb"namaz, in the third rak'ah, the deputy and sura is not read. In the morning prayer, in all three rak'ahs, after the Fatiha, a sub-surah is read. Then the takbir is pronounced, and the hands rise to the level of the ears, and are placed back below the navel, then the dua is read “ Kunut". In the sunnats, those who are gair muakkada (sunna asr and the first sunna of ishaa prayers) in the first seat after Attahiyat also read “ Allahumma Sally.." And " ..barik..»
How is the prayer of women different from the prayer of men
The difference is in the following terms:
1- When entering into prayer, women raise their hands to shoulder level. Then, folding their hands, they do not clasp the fingers of the right hand around the wrist of the left, but put their hands on the chest, placing the palm of the right hand on the left hand.
2- Not move the legs together when moving to the position of the waist bow (rukuu). For ruku, they bend less, slightly bending their knees and Not aligning the back and head in a horizontal position. Palms just put on your knees Not wrapping their fingers around them.
3- When bowing to the ground (sujud), they put their hands on the floor along with the elbows and closer to the stomach. The whole body is pressed to the hips and to the floor.
4- When sitting (tashahudde), the legs folded at the knees are directed back to the right of oneself. The fingers on the knees are pressed to each other.
5- When referring to the Almighty Allah (prayer, dua), join the open palms together and hold them in an inclined position opposite the face.
7- They do not read the prayer out loud. IN holidays after the obligatory (fard) prayers, Tashrik Takbirs pronounce quietly, to themselves.
[« Hashyatu ala-d-Durru-l-Mukhtar", "Raddu'l-Mukhtar...»].
What you need to learn in order to start praying
To do this, you need to learn and pronounce from memory in the following sequence:
[ATTENTION! When writing Arabic words and religious terms, as well as prayers and verses, the letters of the Russian alphabet are used. The transliteration used gives only an approximate reading of the Arabic words, but does not reflect the phonetics of the Arabic language. For correct pronunciation, you need to seek help from an Arabic teacher, and if this is not possible, use audio or video materials].
After pronouncing the introductory takbir (Allahu Akbar), you need to say:
1) “Subhanaka…”: "Subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika wa tabarakasmuka wa Taala jadduka wa la ilaha gairuk"
(Glory to You my Allah and praise to You, and blessed be Your name, and there is no other god but You!).
2) “A’uzu… Bismil-Lah…”: “A’uzubil Lahi minnash-shaitanir-rajim. BismilLahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim!”
(I resort to the protection of Allah from the accursed (stoned) shaitan. In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Merciful!).
3) Sura No. 1 - “ Fatih»:
“AlhamdulilLakhi Rabbi-l-‘alamieen! Ar-Rahmani-r-Rahim! Maliki yawvmiddin. Iyyaka na "I will wa iyaka nasta" in. Ihdi-on-with-Syrat-al-mustaqim. Syrat-al-lyazina an ‘amta ‘alaihim. Gayri-l-magdubi ‘aleihim wa lyaddaaa-liiin.
(Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds! Merciful, Merciful, King on the Day of Judgment. We worship You and ask You to help! erring ones).
4) Another short sura or any three verses of similar magnitude.
For example, short suras:
a) "Inna a" secret kel-kausar. Fasally whether Rabbika vanhar. Inna shaniaka huva-l-abtar. "
Verily, We have given you abundant! Pray to your Lord and kill! After all, your hater is stubby (a tailless sheep; a man without offspring (Sura 108 - “Kausar”).
b) “Kul Huvallahu ahad. Allahu Samad. Lam yalid wa lam yulyad, wa lam yakullahu kufuvan ahad.”
Say: “He is Allah – one, Allah is eternal; begotten and was not begotten, and no one was equal to Him! (Sura 112 - “Ihlyas).
It is also necessary to memorize and say in prayer from memory:
1. With the Belt Bow (Ruku'u), say three times: "Subhana Rabbi-al-Azym" - (Glory to my Great Lord!).
2. When bowing to the Earth (sujud), say three times: "Subhana Rabbi-al-A" laa "- (Glory to the Lord my Highest!).
3. When sitting in prayer:
a) "At-Tahiyyatu ...": “At-tahiyyatu lil-lahi vassalyavatu wattaibat. As-salamu ‘alayke ayyuhanabiya wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. Assalamu alayna wa alaaa ‘ybadiLlahi-s-salihiin. Ashkhadu allaaa ilaha illallah wa ashkhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abdu-Khu wa rasulukh "
Greetings to Allah and prayers and best words. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and mercy and blessings of Allah. Peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah! I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and His messenger).
b) "Allahumma sally...": "Allahumma sally 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammad kema sallyaita 'ala Ibrahima wa 'ala ali Ibrahima innaka Hamidun, Majid"- (O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly You are Worthy, Glorious!).
c) “Allahumma barik…”: “Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad kema barakta ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima innaka Hamidun Majid”- (O Allah! Give blessings to Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You gave blessings to Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly You are Worthy, Glorious!).
d) "Rabbanaa atinaa ...": “Rabbanaa atinaa fiddunyaa hasanatan wa fi-l-akhirati hasanatan va kyna azab-an-nar”- “Our Lord! Grant us goodness both in the near life and in the afterlife, and protect us from the punishment of fire. (2:201)
e) “Rabbanagfirli…”: "Rabbanagfirli wa livalidayya wa lil mu'minina yauma yakumul-hisaab".- (Our Lord, forgive us on the Day of Judgment. Also forgive my mother, my father and all believers).
f) “As-salamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatullah” – (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah)
A hadith from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: "The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) began the prayer after the introductory takbir with this doxology:" Subhanaka ... ".
[Tirmizi - Salat 179 (243); Abu Dawud - Salat 122 (776); Ibnu Maja - Ikamati-s-Salyat 1 (804)].
In a hadith from Ibnu Mas "ud it is transmitted:" The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered us: "If any of you bows from the waist (ruku'u), let him say three times:" Subhana Rabbi al-Azym ". And this is the smallest amount.When performing the Earth Bow (sujud), let him also say three times: "Subhana Rabbi-al-A" la. And that's just the smallest amount."
[Abu Dawud - Salat 154 (886); Tirmidhi - Salat 194 (261)].
Namaz acts as one of the pillars of Islam, along with pronouncing a testimony (shahada), keeping a fast, paying zakat and making pilgrimages to Mecca and Medina.
The importance of prayer in the Holy Quran is mentioned many times, and therefore every Muslim must not only pray in a timely manner, but also do it with utmost concentration and the feeling that the Almighty Himself is watching all actions (however, such an attitude should always be present in a believer, and not only during worship).
The obligatory nature of prayer is mentioned in one of the verses of Surah Hajj:
“Be diligent in the work that Allah has commanded you. He left His choice to you and did not make anything difficult in the religion of Islam ... Stand up prayer, pay alms (zakat) from your property and fiercely cling to the Almighty Creator ... "(22:78)
Therefore, it is extremely important to do everything. In this article, we will analyze in detail how the midday prayer is performed (“zuhr” in Arabic or “oilya-namaz” among the Turkic peoples) - the longest of the five daily prayers in Islam.
note that the position of body parts in rak'ahs are described for men. In women, they are somewhat (slightly)
The time when Muslims perform midday prayers
Zuhr prayer is allowed to be read from the moment when the sun ceases to be at its zenith (this is the position of the heavenly body when it reaches its highest point in orbit in relation to a certain geographical area) and until the shadow of the object increases so that it becomes longer than the object itself. However, theologians hold different points of view about when exactly the time for zuhr prayer ends. If representatives of all four Sunni theological and legal schools insisted on the above interpretation, then the great Imam Abu Hanifa believed that the midday prayer cannot be performed when the length of the shadow of some thing becomes twice its size.
The time of prayer oil in various cities of Russia for the current year can be viewed and downloaded .
How to say the noon prayer
The midday prayer consists of four rak'ahs of the sunnah, four - fard and two rak'ahs of the subsequent sunnah. In fact, the procedure for performing all these parts of Zuhr prayer is identical to each other, however, there are some nuances, which we will discuss below. In general, we will give a description of how it is necessary to perform the midday prayer using the example of 4 rak'ahs of the sunnah. The fard and two additional rak'ahs of the sunnah will be discussed in the context of the features that are characteristic of these parts of the prayer. This video will help you understand the essence of what is described in the text.
4 sunnah rak'ahs
Rakaat #1
1st step - niyat, i.e. the intention to perform four rak'ahs of the sunnah. It can be either in the form of a person's desire to do something, or in verbal form, when the statement serves as a confirmation of the person's original desire. The last moment in relation to prayer is not expressed in any prayer formula. It is enough to think about what the believer will do now four rak'ahs of the Sunnah or speak in his native language: “O Supreme! I set out to perform 4 rak'ahs of the sunnah of the midday prayer ".
2nd step - takbir, the expression "Allahu Akbar" ("Allah is Great"). As part of this step, it is initially necessary to raise the hands to the level of the head so that the thumb is in contact with the earlobe (contact is practiced in the Hanafi and Maliki madhhabs, while this may not be done in the Shafi'i and Hanbali), and the remaining fingers should be directed towards Mecca (that is, qibla). At the moment of contact, takbir is pronounced - the expression "Allah is Great" in Arabic "Allahu Akbar". Actually, from this moment there comes a time when a person during prayer cannot pronounce extraneous words and make unnecessary movements. The eyes should be directed to the place where, presumably, the believer will bow to the ground.
3rd step - reading the dua "San" and suras from the Holy Quran. Text dua sana next:
Subhanyaka Allahhumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmukya, wa ta'ala jadduka, wa la Ilyaha gairuk
This prayer formula is translated as follows: “Glory to You, Almighty Allah! Your name is good, Your name is the greatest, there is nothing equal to You. No one can be worthy of worship, only You are worthy of it.
Shafiitesdua sana reads differently:
Vajakht Vajahihihi Lillyzia Fataras-Samavaati Val-ard, Hanifam Musliam, wa ma Anna Min Al-Mushrikiin, Innas-Salyayati Vu Nusuki, Va Makhaiya, Va Mammati Lillyakhi Rabbil -'Alyamin, La Shariykya Lyakh, wa Bi Zyyaliki Umerti, Anna Min Min Min. - Muslimine
Translation meaning : “I direct my face to the Creator of the heavens and the earthly firmament. I do not worship other gods, because, truly, my faith, prayers, rewards, requests, good disposition, life and death - all this belongs to Allah Almighty, the Master, Who has no partner. This is what I am commanded to do, I am a Muslim."
4th step - qiyam. According to the Hanafi theological and legal school, during qiyam (standing in prayer), the hands of the believer should be located below the navel. The right hand is higher than the left, clasping it in such a way that the index, middle and ring fingers are located along the left hand. Shafi'is hold their hands in exactly the same way, but they should be above the navel and below the chest. In the Hanbali madhhab, the question of how exactly to hold hands is left to the discretion of the believer. Maliki, in turn, read namaz, lowering their hands.
After dua-san, saying the words "A'uzu billahi minashshaitaanir-rajiim, bismil-Lyahi-r-Rahmanir-Rahiim" (“I appeal to Allah Almighty from the devil, who is worthy of stoning. In the name of the Almighty, Gracious and Merciful”), the believer reads . Then follows any other Qur'anic sura (or its fragment of at least three successive verses). An example might be .
5th step - waist bow (in Arabic "hand"). Man pronounces takbir "Allahu Akbar" and makes a hand. That is, he bows so that his hands rest on the kneecaps, while the fingers must be apart from each other. The elbows do not touch the body. The back is kept parallel to the floor, the head should neither be lowered nor raised. In this position, the believer says three times: "Subehanya Rabbial-‘Azyim" (“Is Pure [from absolutely any negative characteristic] Sir”). Then you need to complete the hand. Coming out of it, the believer says: "Sami'aAllahu limyan Hyayamidya" (“The Almighty hears (knows) absolutely all the glorifications [that come to Him]”). Then he takes up a vertical position, lowering his hands and pronouncing the following formula to himself: “Rabbanya, LaKa-l-hamde » (“O Lord of the worlds! All these praises are for you”).
6th step - sujud (prostration). The believer says takbir - words "Allahu Akbar", lowers his knees parallel, rests his hands on the floor and places his head between them, touching his forehead and bridge of the nose. This is how sujud is done within the framework of the Hanafi theological and legal school. Shafiites perform this element in almost the same way, but only the hands are at the level of the shoulders, and not the head. The Hanbalis bow to the earth differently - they first lower their hands to the floor, after which they touch it (the floor) with their knees. At the same time, the fingers are directed in the direction of Mecca, they cannot be torn off the floor. In the prostration position, the eyes should be kept open.
During the Sujud, the words are pronounced three times: "Subehanya Rabbi al-A'la" (“Is Pure [from absolutely any negative characteristic] My Great Creator [of all things]”).
The believer comes out of the earthly bow, pronouncing the takbir. The mechanics of the process is simple: first, the head rises, then the hands come off the floor, and the worshiper sits down on his left leg. The right leg remains in an intermediate state, that is, the tips of the fingers point in the direction of the qibla. The believer puts his palms on his hips, fingers are also directed towards the Kaaba. So he sits for a couple of moments, after which he repeats the sujud again with the same phrase. It is worth noting that this element of prayer symbolizes a key component of worship. Man recognizes his position as a slave in relation to the Supreme Creator.
The prostration ends with the words "Allahu Akbar" and occupying a vertical position (qiyam). After that, the believer proceeds to the second rak'ah of the Sunnah of Zuhr prayer.
Rakaat #2
In the qiyam position, the person reads the Fatiha again, followed by another sura from the Koran or several Koranic verses. We can take as an example. Both types of bows follow. The difference between the second rak'ah and the first one is that after sujud, a person does not immediately stand on the qiyam of the 3rd rak'ah, but takes a sitting position, similar to what is typical for the gap between the two parts of the prostration. This provision in Islamic law is called "kuud". Next, the believer reads to himself dua tashahhud:
At-tahiyatu lillahi you-salavat vattayibatu. As-salamu ‘alayka, ayyuhannabiya, va rahmatullahi vabaryakatuhu. As-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘yibadillahi-s-salihiin. Ashkhadu al-lyaya-ilyaha illa-Allahu, wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabduhu wa rasulukh
Value translation: “Our salutations, our prayers and expressions of superiority. Peace to you, our Prophet, mercy to you from the Most High Creator and blessings from Him. I testify that there is no one to be worshiped except Allah Almighty. I also bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger.”
Usually believers raise their right index finger at the moment of pronouncing the formula “Ashkhadu al-laya-ilyaha illa-Llahu”, after which the index finger drops back to its original position. Thus ends the second rak'ah of the Sunnah of the Zuhr prayer.
Rakaat #3
The third rak'ah is performed in the same way as the first, except that dua-sana is not repeated here. After the Fatiha, some theologians recommend reading. For the hand 'and sajda, the final rak'ah follows.
Rakaat #4
This part of the sunnah of midday prayer is similar to the 2nd rak'ah described above. In the qiyam behind the "Fatiha" you can read. After performing both types of bows in the position of kuud (sitting), along with dua-tashahhud, you must read dua salavat:
Allahumma sally ala Muhammadin wa ala Ali Muhammad. Kamaa salayata ala Ibrahim wa ala Ali Ibrahim. Innyaka hamiyidun majiid. Allahumma beariq ala Muhammadin wa ala Ali Muhammad. Kamaa baraktya ala Ibrahim wa ala Ali Ibrahim. Innaka hamiyidun majid
Value translation: “O Supreme Creator! We ask you to bless Muhammad and his family, just as you blessed Ibrahim and his family in your time. Verily, You are the Praiseworthy. O Supreme Creator! Please send blessings to Muhammad and his family, just as you sent this to Ibrahim and his family. Verily, You are Worthy of praise and glory.”
“Rabbanyaya-attiina fiddunya hasanatyan va fil akhiraati hasanata va kyyna ghazban-nar” (2:201)
Meaning translation: “O Supreme Lord! I ask You to give goodness in this world and the Eternal world. We also ask for protection from Hell and its torments.
Then salam is said in both directions - a greeting. In Arabic it sounds like this: "As-salamu galaykum wa rahmatul Laa" ("Greetings to you and mercy of the Supreme Creator"). By “you” in this case, we mean believers who pray, angels who record our deeds, as well as those genies who profess Islam.
After that, the Muslim says the words three times "Astaghfirullakhi" (“Forgive me, O Allah”) and recites the following dua: “Allahumma antas-salayama vaminka-s-salamu. Tabarakta ya zal-jalyali wal-ikram"(“O Supreme! You are the world, and You are the source of this world. Grant us Your blessing”).
4 fard rak'ahs
This part of the prayer is read in exactly the same way as the 4 rak'ahs of the Sunnah. There are only a few differences:
- takbirs, which mark new actions within the prayer, and the greeting (salaam) at the end of the prayer are pronounced aloud as part of the fard part of the prayer;
- in the third and fourth rak'ahs, after the "Fatiha" in qiyam, no additional sura is read.
2 rak'ah sunnah
There are also no new elements within this part of the noon prayer. In the second rak'ah after tashahhud, it is immediately necessary to read the dua-salavat, the verse "Rabbanyaya-attiina ..." from the surah "Bakara", make greetings and make the final dua.
Usually, after performing all parts of the prayer, Muslims perform dhikr - a mention of the Almighty, which indicates that believers constantly think about their Lord. True, before this, one should read the 255th verse of Surah Bakara, called.
The dhikr (or tasbih) itself is a repetition with a certain frequency (33 times) of the words of praise to the Supreme Creator. The first formula is "SubhanAllahi". Her translation: "Exalted is Allah." The believer then says "Al-hamdu lillahi", which translates as "Praise be to Allah". Finally, the third formula of the dhikr at the end of the prayer is the takbir. "Allahu Akbar" ("Allah is Great"). After the words of the tasbih, the shahada-testimony is pronounced “La ilaha illa-llahi Muhammadu Rasulullahi” (“There is none worthy of worship except Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”).
It should also be borne in mind that on Friday the zuhr prayer is replaced, which has its own distinctive features.
The question of midday prayer after Friday is asked quite often, causing a lot of controversy. What should a person who does not have Islamic knowledge do?
In such cases, we should turn to the people who passed on the knowledge - to the imam al-Shafi'i, imam an Nawawi, ibn Hajar al-Haytami, al-hatib Sharbini, Ar-Ramali and others (may Allah have mercy on them all), because
"كل خير في التباع من سلف و كل شر في ابتداع من خلف"
"All good things come from following the ancestors, and all bad things come from following people who introduce unlawful innovations."
Now let's try to explain why it is necessary to perform the midday prayer after the Friday one?
Firstly: was the midday prayer performed after the Friday during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and the righteous caliphs?
No, since they were all the necessary conditions to perform Juma Prayer. But when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had to go on a campaign with companions, they did not have to perform Friday prayers due to lack of conditions.
Secondly: we know perfectly well that there are conditions for doing any deed, and, of course, there are conditions for Friday prayers too.
Let's look at the terms set out in the book Ibn Hajar al-Haytami "Tuhfatu-l-muhtaj", according to the madhhab of the imam al-Shafi'i. Why are we referring to this book? Because ibn Hajar is one of the most reliable people, whose books are referred to by the followers of the Shafi'i madhhab. He wrote sharh - explanations for the book "Minhad at Talibin", the author of which is the great scholar imam an-Nawawi.First of all, fatwas are taken out from his books.
)و لصحتها مع شرط) أي شروط (غيرها) من الخمس (شروط) خمسة:
)أحدها: وقت الظهر) بأن يبقى منه ما يسعها مع الخطبتين. قال أنس رضي الله عنه : " كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يصلي الجمعة حين تميل الشمس. رواه أحمد و البخاري و أبو داود و الترمذي.
" For the validity of the Friday prayer, in addition to performing obligatory prayers, five more conditions must be met:
1. There was enough time for Friday prayers for two khutbas (sermons) and for performing namaz. (“Tuhfatu-l-muhtaj” by Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, p. 334).
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Prophet performed the Friday prayer when the sun deviated from the zenith towards the west.” (Narrated by Ahmad, al-Bukhari, Abu Dawood and at-Tirmidhi) ".
)الثاني: أن تقام في خطة أبنية) (أوطان المجمعين) المجتمعة بحيث تسمى بلدا أو قرية واحدة للإتباع و الدليل ما رواه عبد الرزاق عن علي موقوفا:" لا جمعة و لا تشريق إلا في مصر جامع"
2. Friday prayer should be performed within the boundaries of the buildings of the indigenous people, gathered in one place so that it can be called a city or village. Abdu-r-Razzak reported from Ali: Friday prayer is not performed anywhere except in a city or village. (“Tuhfatu-l-muhtaj” by Ibn Hajar al-Haytami p. 335). It means that the Friday prayer is not performed outside the settlement.
)الثالث :أن لا يسبقها و لا يقارنها جمعة في بلدتها) مثلا و إن عظمت لأنها لم تفعل في زمنه
صلى الله عليه و سلم ولا في زمن الخلفاء الراشدين"تحفة المحتاج" لابن 336
3. In one locality, to perform Friday prayers, it is necessary to gather in one place. If the Friday prayer is performed in different places in one settlement, without any need, then in this case the Friday prayer is considered valid, only in the mosque in which it was performed earlier. If it is not known in which mosque they entered the Friday prayer earlier, then in this case he undertakes to perform the lunch prayer for everyone after the Friday prayer.
)الرابع: الجماعة) ... (و شرطها) رب و نية الإقتداء ... (و) .. ... (مكلفا حرا ذكرا) ..... (مستوطنا) ...... (لا يظعن شتاء و لا صيفا إلا لحاجة) محتاج" لابن حجر الهيتمي ص338
لما رواه أبو داود: "الجمعة حق واجب على كل مسلم في جماعة..."
4. Friday prayer should be performed collectively. Here, all the conditions of collective prayer are observed, as in other obligatory prayers (proximity to the imam, intention to follow the imam, and so on).
In addition, there are additional conditions: the performance of Friday prayers by adults (who have reached 14.5 years old), free (not slaves) Muslims (at least forty people), who are the indigenous inhabitants of this settlement, who do not leave it either in winter or in summer without the need . (“Tuhfatu-l-muhtaj” ibn Hajar al-Haytami, p. 338).
و سيعلم مما يأتي أن شرطهم أيضاً أن يسمعوا أركان الخطبتين أن يكونومنهم لم تنعقد بهم الجمعة كما أفتى به البغوي "تحفة المحتاج" لابن حجر ا 340
Another condition for Friday prayers is that the minimum required number of worshipers (40 people) must hear all the components of both khutbs, and be able to correctly read Surah al-Fatiha and at-Tashahhud, that is, at-tahiyat. Everyone is allowed to read with errors (but with the same ones!). At the same time, at least one person who can read the khutba must be present. If out of 40 people 39 are literate and one is illiterate, then the Friday prayer will be invalid. Such a decision (fatwa) was issued by Baghavi. (“Tuhfatu-l-muhtaj” ibn Hajar al-Haytami, p. 340).
)الخامس: الخطبتان) لما في الصحيحين أنه صلى الله عليه و سلم لم يصلي ا لجمعة الا بخطبتين ...... "تحفة المحتاج" لابن حجر الهيتمي ص 342
5. The next condition is the performance of two khutbas. Following the hadith given in the authentic books of hadiths of Bukhari and Muslim, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never performed a Friday prayer without reading them. (“Tuhfatu-l-muhtaj” by Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, p. 342).
If at least one of these five conditions is missing, or we doubt them, then the Friday prayer is invalid. For example, we do not know exactly in which of the mosques the prayer began earlier, or we are not sure whether it began at the same time, or we doubt that it was performed with forty Muslim indigenous people who can correctly read the surah al-Fatiha and at- Tashakhhud” (“at-tahiyat”), then we are like people who did not perform the Friday prayer, because the appropriate conditions were not met for this.
Imam's last decision al-Shafi'i(may Allah have mercy on him) pointed out that if there are not forty people who meet the prescribed conditions, it is necessary to perform an additional dinner prayer.
And, accordingly, we perform it not as the sixth obligatory, but only for certainty, since all prayers performed during some kind of prayer are not the sixth and seventh farz. The proof of this are two hadiths of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him):
أنه صلى الله عليه و سلم "صلى الصبح فرأى رجلين لم يصليا معه، فقال: "ما منعكما أن تصليا معنا ؟" قالا : صلينا في رحالنا ، فقال:"إذا صليتما في رحالكما ثم أتيتما مسجد جماعة فصلياها معهم، فإنها لكما نافلة"
Once the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the morning prayer and, noticing two who did not perform it, asked: “What made you not pray with me?” They replied that they had already prayed at home. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Although you pray at home, and then you will come to the mosque, where they pray collectively, so pray it together with everyone - this is desirable for you.”.
و قد جاء رجل بعد صلاة العصر إلى المسجد، فقال عليه السلام:" لى هذا فيصلي معه؟" فصلى معه رجل. رواهما الترمذي و حسنهما "إعانة الطالبين" ج2 ص9
Somehow, a certain person came to the mosque after the Muslims had performed the pre-sunset prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: “Who will give alms to this person by performing prayer with him?”. And then some Muslim prayed together with the visitor again.
Once the great scholar of the Shafi madhhab sheikh al-Ramli who wrote the sharh for the book "Minkhaju-Talibin" were asked to comment on the person who said: “You Shafiites went against Allah and His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), because the Almighty obliged to perform five obligatory prayers, and you perform six, performing an additional midday prayer after Friday”.
Ar-Ramli answered that this person is a deceitful misguided ignoramus, and if he is sure that the Shafiites are obliged to perform six obligatory prayers, according to Sharia, then he falls into disbelief (kufr), and he must be treated as with apostates from religion (murtadds). If not, then whip him the way he deserves it so that it serves as a lesson for him and for others who say such things.
“We are not talking about the obligation of six prayers”, continued Ar-Ramli, “But we consider it obligatory to perform the midday prayer after the Friday prayer if we do not know in which of the mosques the Friday prayer began earlier. We (the Shafiites) have a condition - without the need not to perform the Friday prayer in more than one mosque, and we know that there is no need there. Therefore, those who are not sure whether their Friday prayer passed with all the conditions observed are obliged to perform the midday prayer, for they are like people who did not perform the Friday prayer. And not a single person will say badly about the imams of the madhhabs, except that the Almighty will not be angry with him.. (“Fathu-l-allam” by Muhammad ΄Abdullah al-Jordani, volume 3, p. 39).
If someone has made a prayer and then doubts that he missed at least one condition, then he is obliged to repeat the prayer, and it will not be considered the sixth fard. Even if he doubts more than once, then each time he is obliged to pray again until he is sure that all conditions are met.
What do they say about the midday prayer after the Friday prayer in other madhhabs? Indeed, some, leaving the mosque, refer to the fact that they are followers of other madhhabs, for example, Abu Hanifa(may Allah have mercy on him), and make people doubt what the imam is doing.
فالمالكية يقولون:
إذا تعددت المساجد فلا تصح الجمعة إلا في المسجد القديم، و هو ما أقيمت فيه الجمعة أولا أي: فمن صلى في غيره لم تصح و عليهم الظهر.
According to the madhhab of Imam Malik:
If there are several mosques, then the Friday prayer will be considered in the one in which it was performed for the first time. Therefore, the Friday prayer performed in another mosque will be considered invalid, and those who performed it are required to perform the midday prayer..
و قال الحنابلة:
تصح الجمعة في عدة مساجد إذا كان التعدد لحاجة، فإن كان لغير حاجة صحت فيما أذن فيه الإمام، أو صلى فقط، و إلا صحت السابقة يقينا إن علمت و إلا وجب عليهم كلهم الظهر.
According to the madhhab of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal:
Friday prayer in several mosques will be considered valid if it is performed in them out of necessity (that is, prayer is performed in another mosque only if the first one is full). Otherwise, it will be considered valid only in the mosque where the imam has allowed it, or where he himself performs it. And if there is no direct instruction from the imam, then the Friday prayer will be considered valid in the mosque where it was first started with confidence in this, and if you are not sure, then everyone is required to perform an additional midday prayer.
و قال الحنفية:
إن تعددت الجمعة في مساجد لا يضر و لو سبق أحدهما؛ و لكن الأحوط صلاة أربع ركعات بنية ظهر. و الأفضل أن تكون في بيته لئلا يعتقد العوام فرضيتها، فإن تيقن سبق جمعة أخرى كانت هذه الصلاة واجبة و إن شك كانت مندوبة.
According to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa:
If the Friday prayer is performed in several mosques, then there is nothing to worry about, even if prayer is performed earlier in one mosque than in another. But in this case, for confidence, it would be better to perform 4 more rak'ahs with the intention of midday prayer. And it is better to do it at home, so that ordinary Muslims do not consider it obligatory. But if they know for sure that in another mosque the Friday prayer began earlier, the performance of the midday prayer will become obligatory, and if there are doubts, then its performance will be desirable.
Who is more knowledgeable - we or theologians? If what they decided is not enough for us, why talk about them at all, then we must consider them ignoramuses! If we call ourselves Shafiites, then shouldn't we heed the word of the imam al-Shafi'i and follow him?
It would be easier and better to teach everyone who is obliged to perform Friday prayers the correct reading of Surah al-Fatiha, especially since this is obligatory.
If forty adult Muslims are able to read Surah al-Fatiha and the al-Tashahhud prayer according to the rules of reading the Koran, and if the Friday prayer in a village or city is performed in one place, then there will be no disputes about midday prayer.
Shouldn't we be ashamed if there are not such forty people in every locality?!
In the village of Chirkei, Buinaksky district of the Republic of Dagestan, lived the scientist Takhir-hadzhi. For thirty years he was the village imam. He taught four hundred students according to the Mahalli book. But even then he said: “I still have questions that I haven’t been able to fully understand.” At that time, the village was one of the largest in Dagestan, but even in the local mosque, after Friday prayers, noon prayers were performed.
Once, a muzhavvid scholar from the village of Burtunai, Kazbek district, named Khaibula, came to them in order to teach Chirkey children to read the Koran according to the rules of tajvid and mahraj. A well-prepared community (jama΄a) was formed. Some time later, after reading a Friday sermon, Tahir-haji said: “Now we have enough people and a large, strong community. From now on, after the Friday prayer, we can not perform the midday prayer. After that, the midday prayer was no longer performed.
And even if for Tahir-haji, who taught lessons in fiqh from "Mahalla" four hundred disciples, some places in this work remained incomprehensible, then what should we be today?! Companion ibn Abbas(may Allah be pleased with him) said more than once: “Whoever says that he is knowledgeable is an ignorant person.”
From all of the above, it follows that in Dagestan or other places that adhere to the Shafi'i madhhab, it is necessary to perform the midday prayer if there are doubts about observing at least one condition for performing the Friday prayer.
May the Almighty endow the entire ummah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) with reason to follow knowledgeable people! Amine.
The order of midday prayer
Midday prayer consists of four rak'ahs (cycles). It is done as follows:
1. Having previously fulfilled all the conditions necessary for the start of prayer, stand facing the revered Kaaba, discarding all extraneous thoughts. Turn your heart and attention to Allah, thinking of His Majesty, Mercy and love for His creatures, knowing that He is watching over you. In this case, the legs should be shoulder-width apart, the feet on the same line, the arms are lowered, the gaze is directed to the place where the forehead touches when bowing to the ground.
During the entire prayer, women need to show composure of the body: their legs should be together, their hands should be pressed to the body;
2. Intention.
Starting prayer Necessarily make an intention with your heart to perform the corresponding prayer. Do it at the same time as saying takbira, that is, the words "Allahu Akbar" for entry into prayer. For example: “I intend to perform the obligatory (fard) noon prayer for the sake of Allah”. That is, you must mentally express the intention to perform namaz, indicate in it that you are performing an obligatory (farz) prayer, and what kind of prayer (morning, noon or afternoon, etc.). It is advisable to indicate in the intention whether it is timely prayer or reimbursable, as well as the number of rak'ahs. It should be remembered that prayer is performed only for the sake of Allah.
However, before takbir, first saying the intention aloud is sunnah, and this is done in order to make it easier to focus on it mentally.
3. Saying the takbir.
Necessarily stand to say the introductory takbir:
اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ
"Allahu Akbar" (Allah is great). After pronouncing it, you are already in prayer. Takbir and subsequent verbal arcana and prayers should be pronounced so that you yourself can hear the reading, observing, as expected, all the rules of reading and pronouncing letters without distortion, without adding or subtracting a single letter. All prayers must be read only on the exhale.
When pronouncing takbir, it is recommended to raise your hands so that the thumbs are at the level of the earlobes, the palms are directed forward, the remaining fingers are slightly bent and also directed forward.
Women also raise their hands in the same way.
4. Standing.
Necessarily stand when performing ritual prayer, if a person can. In this case, it is recommended to fold your hands below the chest and above the navel so that the right palm is on the wrist of the left hand and holds it.
5. Reading Surah Al-Fatiha(of the first sura of the Qur'an).
Necessarily reading Surah Al-Fatiha so that they themselves can hear the reading, observing all the rules of reading (tajweed) and the sequence of verses and pronouncing the letters without distortion. Correct reading Surah Al-Fatiha must be learned directly from the lips of a competent teacher and this should be done without delay.
If someone cannot read the surah Al-Fatiha correctly, then he should read any verses of the Holy Quran, the number of letters in which in total is equivalent to the number of letters in the surah Al-Fatiha (156 letters). If a person knows one or more verses from Surah Al-Fatiha (Basmala is also an ayat of Surah Al-Fatiha), he can repeat them as many times to get the same number of letters as in Surah Al-Fatiha ". If a person cannot read anything from the Qur'an, he should read the words of the remembrance of Allah (zikr):
سُبْحانَ اللهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلهِ وَلآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ واَللهُ اَكْبَرُ
“Subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilyaha illallahu wallahu akbar”
(Allah is pure from all shortcomings, praise and glory to Allah, there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, Allah is Great).
The prayer says these words so many times that there are at least as many letters as in Surah Al-Fatiha. For example, it is enough to say the words "Allahu Akbar" twenty times. If a person cannot read either the Al-Fatiha surah, or anything else from the Koran, cannot read the dhikr (for example, a person who has just accepted the faith), then he stands silently for as long as it takes a moderate reading of the surah " Al-Fatiha.
آمينَ يا رَبَّ الْعالَمينَ
“Amin, I am Rabbaal-‘alyamin”
(O Allah - Lord of the worlds, fulfill my request!).
It is also advisable to read at least one or three verses from the Qur'an in the first and second rak'ahs after Surah Al-Fatiha. Before reading Surah Al-Fatiha in the first rak'ah, it is recommended to read the prayer "Iftitah" (See Annex 5) and then "Isti'az".
6. Belt bow(hand ‘).
After reading Surah Al-Fatiha Necessarily make a waist bow so that the palms of both hands rest on the cups of the knees. In this case, the elbows are slightly retracted to the sides, the back, neck and head are on the same straight line. In this position, it is necessary to linger at rest for a while(at least for a time sufficient to pronounce "Subhanallah"). This delay is called "fog". It should be noted that bowing, like all other subsequent actions of prayer, should not be performed for any other purpose than to perform an element of prayer. It is recommended that when performing a waist bow, raise your hands to the level of your ears in the same way as when entering prayer, and say: “Allahu Akbar.” Also, during the waist bow, it is advisable to say three times:
سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظيمِ وَبِحَمْدِه
“Subhana Rabbiyal-‘azimi wa bihamdihi”
(My Great Lord is above all faults, praise be to Him).
7. Straightening(i‘tidal).
Necessarily return after a waist bow to the starting position "standing" and linger in this position for a while (fog). It is recommended during straightening to raise your hands to the level of your ears, as before, and say:
سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ
"Sami'allahu firth hamidah"
(Allah accepts the praises of the one who praises Him), stretching the pronunciation for the entire period of straightening. After you have finally straightened up, it is advisable to say:
رَبَّنا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ
"Rabbana lakal-hamd"
(O our Lord! Praise be to Thee!).
8. Prostration(sujud).
Then Necessarily make a bow to the ground, pressing his forehead to the floor (rug). To do this, first kneel down, then lean forward, rest with both hands on the floor and touch the floor with your forehead. Part of both knees, part of the palms of both hands, the lower part of the toes (while the fingers are pointing towards the Qibla) and part of the forehead (the nose also touches the floor) should touch the floor. At the same time, the weight of the head presses on the forehead. Stay in this position for a while, during which it is recommended to say three times:
سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلى وَبِحَمْدِه
"Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la wa bihamdihi"
(My Great Lord is above all faults, praise be to Him).
It is also recommended to say “Allahu Akbar” before performing the earthly bow. When bowing to the ground, it is desirable that the hands be at shoulder level, the fingers are slightly pressed against each other and directed towards the Kaaba. For men, it is recommended that when bowing to the ground, the elbows be laid to the sides and raised from the floor, the stomach does not touch the hips. Women, when bowing to the ground and waist, keep their elbows pressed to the body, and when bowing to the ground, the elbows are also raised from the floor, but the stomach touches the hips.
There should be no barriers between the forehead and the place where it rests, for example, hair, a hat or a scarf, at least part of the forehead should touch the floor directly.
9. Sitting between two prostrations.
Necessarily after bowing to the ground, sit down, while straightening the torso, and stay in this position for a while. Rising from the bow of the earth, it is advisable to say "Allahu Akbar". While in a sitting position, it is recommended to say:
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لي وَارْحَمْني وَاجْبُرْني وَارْفَعْني وَارْزُقْني وَاهْدِني وَعافِني
“Rabbagfir li, varhamni, wajburni, varfa‘ni, varzukni, vahdini, va ‘afini.”
(O my Lord! Give me forgiveness, have mercy on me, help me, raise my degree, grant me food, lead me further on the true path and protect me from diseases).
When sitting, it is recommended to tuck the left leg under you so that the foot is under the buttocks, while the right foot is placed vertically on the floor and rests on the fingers pointing forward towards the Qibla, as in prostration. This way of sitting is called "Iftirash". It is recommended to put your hands on your knees while sitting, fingers pointing towards the Kaaba.
10. Required execute second earthly bow. It is performed in the same way as the first one. At the same time, bending down and rising, pronounce the takbir. With the performance of the second earthly bow, the first rak'ah (cycle) of prayer ends..
11. After that Necessarily need to get up in full growth for execution second rak'ah. To do this, first take the “sitting on your knees” position, then, resting your hands on the floor, palms down, stand up to your full height and take the “standing” position, as at the beginning of the previous rak'ah. During the ascent, it is recommended to say "Allahu Akbar". Repeat after that all points from 5 to 10. This ends the second rak'ah..
12. After the second prostration of the second rak'ah (in prayers consisting of 3 or 4 rak'ahs), it is recommended to sit down and read "Tashahhud"(its other name is "At-Tahiyyat", and after him "Salavat" Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It is advisable to sit in the iftirash position (see paragraph 9). If necessary, you can sit on both crossed feet.
It is recommended to keep both hands on your knees. The fingers of the left hand lie on the left knee and are directed towards the Kaaba, the fingers of the right hand lie on the right knee, except for the index, which rises slightly when pronouncing "illallah" (in "Tashahhud") and remains in this position until the end of the seat. At the same time, the gaze from the place where the forehead touches is directed to the rising index finger, even if you cannot see it due to darkness or for another reason. The raised finger is slightly bent, the middle and ring fingers and the little finger of the right hand are slightly clenched into a fist, and the thumb is slightly pressed against the index finger.
13. Then Necessarily necessary get up and perform the next two rak'ahs in the same way as described in paragraphs 5 - 11. Getting up on the third rak'ah, it is recommended to raise your hands to the level of your ears, while saying "Allahu Akbar." However, you should not raise your hands before the fourth rak'ah.
14.
After performing the second sujud in the last rak'ah Necessarily sit down, read "Tashahhud" and "Salavat". Hands are recommended to be held as indicated in paragraph 12. Forefinger rises slightly when pronouncing "illallah" and remains in this position until the end of prayer. It is recommended to sit on the floor, bending the left leg and putting it under the right leg, which remains in the same position as when bowing to the ground. (fig.9). This way of sitting is called "tavarruk".
However, after “Tashahhud” it is recommended to read “as-Salat al-Ibrahimiyya” in full, then it is advisable to pronounce the dua. You can also read this famous dua:
اَللّهُمَّ إِنّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَمِنْ عَذابِ الْقَبْرِ وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيا وَالْمَماتِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسيحِ الدَّجّالِ
"Allahumma inni a'u h u bik min 'a h abi jahannam wa min'a h abil-kabri wa min fitnatil-mahya wal-mamati wa min sharri fitnatil-masihi-ddajjali."
(O Allah! I seek help and salvation from You from the torments of Hell, and from the torments of the grave, from the delusions of life and death, and from the evil of confusion of the false messiah Dajjal).
15. Final salam.
At the end of the prayer Necessarily pronounce "As-Salamu' alaikum", but it is recommended to say:
اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ
"As-Salamu ‘alaykum wa rahmatullah" turning his head first to the right, then to the left. With these words, the noon prayer ends.
The order of performance of the afternoon and night prayers
Afternoon and night prayers are performed in the same way as midday. The intention should indicate that the obligatory afternoon (or night) prayer is being performed. In the first two rak'ahs of the night prayer, men are advised to read a short sura aloud after the Al-Fatiha surah. This is also allowed for women if there are no strangers nearby.
The procedure for performing the evening prayer
The three rak'ahs of the evening prayer are performed in the same way as the first three rak'ahs of the night prayer, but with the intention of fulfilling the obligatory evening prayer. After the second sujud, the third rak'ah is performed paragraphs 14 and 15.
The order of the morning prayer
The two rak'ahs of the morning prayer are performed in the same way as the first two rak'ahs of the night prayer, but with the intention of fulfilling the obligatory morning prayer.
After the second sujud of the second rak'ah, perform paragraphs 14 and 15. Also after saying "Rabbana lakal-hamd", straightening up after a waist bow (in I'tidal) second rak'ah, it is recommended to read the dua "Kunut".
"It was narrated by Imams an-Nawawi and Ibn Hibban that once a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked:" O Messenger of Allah! Verily, I cannot learn to read the Qur'an. Teach me what will replace the reading of the Qur'an " The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “Say: subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilyaha illallahu wallahu akbar, wala hawlya walya kuvwata illya billahil-'aliyyil-'azim.”
"In another saying, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:" If you can read the Qur'an, then read it.
"When reading "Salavat" in the "Tashahhud" of obligatory prayers, the word "sallim" is not pronounced. "Tashahhud" is read without this word."
“After saying “Salam” and turning your head to the right, it is advisable to mentally greet all the believers (people, angels and jinn) who are on your right side. Then, in the same way, turn your head to the left and say “Salam”, while mentally making the intention to greet everyone believers on your left."
