Lesson on the outside world in grade 1
topic: “Why do we need cars?»
The form of educational work is classroom-lesson.
Lesson type: learning new material.
Basic concepts: cars (cargo, passenger, sports, special).
Acquired skills of children:
application of species knowledge road transport by appointment.
Forms of organizing children's work: independent work, work in groups, frontal work.
The purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of the diversity of road transport, to develop the cognitive interest and outlook of students, to comply with the requirements for the lesson from the standpoint of health preservation.
Lesson Objectives:
1. Formation of concepts: car, types of road transport for the intended purpose.
2. Development of imagination; the ability to analyze, compare, group objects; development of coherent speech of students.
3. Compliance with health-saving technologies in the lesson:
Taking into account age and sex characteristics.
Taking into account the state of health of the student and his individual psychophysiological characteristics when choosing forms, methods and means of teaching.
Structuring the lesson into parts depending on the level of mental performance of students.
The use of health-preserving actions to maintain performance and expand the functional capabilities of the body of students.
Equipment and visibilityThe teacher has:
computer, multimedia - projector;
cards with the words: "cars", "freight", "passenger", "sports", "special";
exhibition of car models.
Students:
textbook AA Pleshakov "The world around us", grade 1, part 2;
workbook for the textbook;
colour pencils;
envelopes with mosaics for pair work.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
The long-awaited call is given -
The lesson begins.
We got up, pulled ourselves up,
They smiled at each other
Everyone looked at me and quietly sat down.
What is your mood now?
2. Introduction to the topic.
An inquisitive Ant brought us riddles to class today. Let's help him solve them!
This strong car
Rides on huge tires!
I immediately removed half a mountain
Seven ton ... (dump truck)
What a miracle, red house
There are many passengers in it.
Shoes wears made of rubber
And it feeds on gasoline. (Bus)
Raised up two hands
He took two veins into his fists.
"Give way, guard,
I'll run along the pavement! " (Trolleybus)
We would live very sad
It would be so sad to live
If there were garbage from our streets
Didn't drive ... (garbage truck)
We're standing at a bus stop
We'll go for a new thing.
There are rails, don't yawn
A big hurry to us ... (tram)
He is in the field and at the construction site,
He is an honorary worker.
He endures the severity steadfastly,
Carries loads ... (truck)
Does not fly, does not buzz, the beetle runs down the street,
And two shining lights burn in the eyes of the beetle.
This gave the plant to him:
And the lights - to look into the darkness, and the wheels, and the motor,
I rushed so at full speed. (Automobile)
Very hot, very dry
The fly was overcome by the heat.
The tap doesn't give us water -
Somewhere to know the renovation is underway.
Suddenly to the trees and flowers
A pond drives up in a barrel.
He carefully poured everything and drove back.
Busy with inconspicuous work,
Carries water ... (water truck)
Hey, don't get in the way!
The car rushes on alarm.
Why should she be in such a hurry?
What do you mean why? Put out the fire. (Fire engine)
Rusty, toothy, she walks and walks along the street.
And the snow is falling.
And the janitor only squints,
And the janitor smiles:
Snow is raked without it. (Snowblower)
Does the rain have 4 wheels
Tell me, what are these miracles called? (Washing machine)
Well done boys!
How, in one word, to name all these items? (Transport, cars)
3. Communication of the topic and setting the goal of the lesson.
Guys, guess what we will talk about in the lesson?
- The topic of our lesson: "Why do we need cars"The car attracts a modern person from early childhood. This is a favorite toy of boys and even most girls. Today our exhibition presents the most valuable models from your collections.
I propose to play the game "Autosalon", you will be car sellers, you need to present it in such a way that we would like to buy it.
But cars are not just toys. Today we are talking about real cars.
Today in the lesson we will find out the importance of road transport, get acquainted with the device of the car, learn about the car of the future.
4. Learning new material.
Why are cars needed?
Guys, you see pictures of cars on the board, you need to choose one you like the most and determine which group it belongs to, be careful there are leaflets with the name on the tables.
Division into groups
Cars
cargo passenger sports specialWhat are trucks for? Passenger? Sports? Special?
Who is driving the car?
5. Physics game
" I am a driver"
What should a real driver be like?
Now all of you will turn into drivers and find yourself on the street of a big city, you need to drive through the city and not hit a single car or wear anyone.
Ready! We looked to the left, to the right, up, down. Go!
Do you know when the first cars appeared and what were they like? After all, now you cannot meet them on the streets, they are in museums or private collections.
Girls' reports Old cars.
Guys, it turns out that people invented cars that run on gasoline more than a hundred years ago. They were very different from our modern machines.
The distant ancestor of cars was Steam engine... It was created in France (1769). Kyunho's Trolley was funny. Rattling and clumsy, with a huge steam boiler with a smoking pipe, a driver's chair in the middle, the whole structure rolled on three wheels: one small one in front, two large ones behind. The driver controlled the car using levers. The car moved at a speed of only 8 km per hour. The riders laughed at the slow-moving car and easily overtook it. It was only allowed to drive around the city in this car at a speed of 3 km per hour.
The steam car was too loud and heavy. We needed another car. Therefore, a hundred years later, a new engine was created, which did not have a boiler or a furnace. New engine worked on gasoline.
The first car did not have a roof, and the wheels resembled bicycle wheels. But he raced along the roads with unheard of speed, overtaking carriages and horsemen.
(viewing illustrations depicting the first cars)
What else should a driver know?
Any car is made up of parts. Collect the car mosaic and sign the parts of the car you know. Check if you signed all the parts | check against the standard)
What other parts of the car do you know?
You, of course, love to collect the constructor? It consists of various small parts. The machine also consists of various small parts. The machine consists of metal parts. It turns out that the car was invented by those adults who played, played in the construction set as a child, and played too much. So in adulthood, they try to assemble cars from a designer: simple and complex, small and large ...
The main component of any car is the engine, which in turn consists of shafts, connecting rods, pistons, valves, and all this is powered by a combustible mixture - gasoline.
Every car has a wheel. And not one, but many. And they are all different: small and large, with and without teeth, the wheel is attached to an axle that helps the wheel turn. And so that nothing prevents the wheel from turning, there is another very important detail - the bearing. The bearing helps the wheel turn on the axle.
The car has a whole box with small and large wheels that help the driver to switch different gears - first, and second, third, fourth, fifth.
So it turns out that the most important parts in an adult designer - a car, are: engine, bearing, wheel, gearbox
What is the name of the driver who drives big cars and goes far away? trucker
Complex of general developmental exercise "Cars".
1. "Woke up, stretched"
Starting position (ip) - basic stance, head tilt down, arms behind the head, elbows down.
Hands up - to the sides, raise your head, bend - deep breath; return to ip - exhale.
2. "We start the engine"
I. p. - standing feet apart, arms to the sides.
Turning the torso to the left and right with rotational movements of the hands in front of the chest.
3. "Checking the seat belts."
I. p. - standing, legs apart, arms along the body. Tilts left and right, hands slide along the body.
4. "Checking the brakes."
I. p. - standing, hands behind the back, we perform rotational movements with the foot of the left - right foot alternately.
5. "Let's go!"
I. p. - o.s. we perform walking on the spot, turning into a run.
Imagine that you and I went on a trip by car.
Where will you sit? (On back seat). Why?
At what age can you ride in the front seat?
What must be done when getting into the car? (Buckle up).
Well done, you are just exemplary passengers!
5. Consolidation of the studied material.
Guys, why did the Wise Turtle wear a gas mask? Read it.
What kind of cars does Grubby Muddy like? Why?
What kind of cars does Spitfire dislike? (Electric car)
What are these cars?
Do you think we need such cars?
Draw the car of the future in groups.
Do you know what it would be like if the cars did not need gasoline? (additional material)
Continue the sentence: If cars could drive without gasoline, then ... Cars move thanks to the energy that is obtained from the combustion of gasoline. Small explosions occur in the car engine. They "spin up" the engine. The engine turns the wheels of the car. She's driving. But from these small explosions in the engine, large amounts of smoke and other harmful substances are released into the air. Sometimes you can observe how the exhaust pipe puffs and smokes on some buses and cars. Some adults dream of coming up with a car that would not pollute the air. What do you think: what will the car of the future be like?
Will the cars run on electricity? Or will they be powered by the energy of the Sun? One thing is clear: machines constantly need a source of energy to operate. Most types of energy originally come to us from the Sun. Wildlife - plants and animals - accumulate the energy of sunlight. When plants die, they end up underground. After many, many years, they turn into coal, oil, natural gas. It takes several million years for such a fuel to form. Man needs to save and conserve fuel supplies on our planet.
6. Lesson summary. Reflection
Well done, you did a good job.
What new have you learned in the lesson?
What conclusion can be drawn? (Cars are reliable helpers for humans. But to use them safely, you need to know and follow the rules road traffic to drivers, pedestrians, and passengers.)
What did you like in the lesson?
Which one of you would like to create new car?
We will start the next lesson with a drawing competition for best car the future.
The lesson is over. Thanks for your work.
7. Homework setting.
Guys, you will make your own car at home. Cut out the blanks from the workbook and glue them.
And also think about what this car is for, come up with your own brand.
8. Used literature and Internet resources.World around us. Textbook for grade 1 of primary school. In 2 hours / A.A. Pleshakov, - 8th ed. - M .: Education, 2009.
AA Pleshakov Workbook for the textbook for grade 1 "The world around us." In 2 hours - M .: Education, 2009.
OI Dmitrieva "Lesson developments at the course" World around "- Moscow" Wako "2006
Pedagogical council. No. 11, 2003, p. 14
Presentation to the lesson of the world around us, grade 1 of the educational complex "School of Russia"
"Why do we need cars?"
Guess the riddle:
Drinks gasoline like milk
Can run far.
Carries goods and people.
Do you know her, of course?
It's hard to imagine our life without a car.
It is impossible to think that they will suddenly become empty
streets and highways. And even a hundred years ago, this transport was a curiosity. Most people believed that he was completely unnecessary, since
the best and most reliable is the horse.
click on the riddle
What is a car?
Cars are ground transportation.
They are needed so that people can quickly move to the places they need, transport goods and passengers.
click on the question
Now the car is the most
and the usual mode of transport for people. Cars are our friends and assistants. Almost half a billion travels on our planet today passenger cars... And every day they become
More.
How did they appear and become the way we see them today?
If you asked who invented
car, this question would be difficult to answer. And it would be even more difficult to say: when and where was the car born?
click on the question
The car's wheels are very old - they drove on wheels
and a thousand years ago. And the engine is very young -
he is about a hundred years old. Inventors in different countries tried to build a cart that would run itself, without a horse.
Two hundred years ago, a Nizhny Novgorod master
Leonty Shamshurenkov decided to build his "self-run stroller" so that its wheels were driven by people. The carriage he made ran without a horse. Two people stood in this four-wheeled covered stroller and worked, while others rode calmly, sitting on benches.
and doing nothing.
"Self-running stroller"
The remarkable Russian inventor Ivan Petrovich Kulibin learned about this "self-running wheelchair". He began to think about how to improve the stroller. And he managed to build such a "scooter" that only one person could already use.
"Scooter"
Vintage cars
What cars are there today and what are they for?
Types of transport
Passenger
Cargo
Special
Trolleybus
A car
Truck
Dump truck
Tank
Excavator
Bulldozer
Lifting
Fire department
Products
Sports cars
Vehicle device
When driving, you need to use seat belts, and children must ride in a special seat!
Thank you children
Teacher Automobile Automobile Taxi Cars
Automobile Cart Stroller Kulibin Scooter
Vintage cars: 1 2 3 4 5
Belts Children
The picture on slide 13 was scanned from a textbook on the outside world for grade 1, part 2 by A.A. Pleshakov, p.60
Internet sources
Ready? Continue the lines.
For me to take you
I don't need to eat oats.
Feed me gasoline
Give me tires on my hooves
And, raising the dust in a whirlwind,
Will run ... (car).
What is the energy source for the car? (Petrol.)
The first gasoline-powered cars were invented by humans over a hundred years ago.
Open the tutorial on page 112 (bottom picture). See how they looked vintage cars.
Is it possible to find such cars on the roads now? (No, only in museums and private collections)
Yes modern cars look different. But no matter how the cars looked, they have always been human helpers.
Look at the top figure on page 112. Tell me, what are these cars created for?
This means that all cars can be divided into the following groups:
(The teacher posts the cards on the board)
cargo passenger sports
(5 slide presentation.)
Look at the screen. Name the cars. (Ambulance, police, Ministry of Emergency Situations, fire department)
These cars belong to the special group.
(The teacher posts the "special" card on the board)
cargo passenger sports special
Find special vehicles among the models at the show.
(Children come to the table and choose the right car models)
Open the notebook, with 46 # 1. Where are these cars in a hurry? Take a pencil and connect the car and its destination with lines.
(Children complete the task on their own.)
(6 slide presentation.)
Let's check. Look at the screen.
Close your notebooks.
Let's get some rest. Repeat after me.
(A song is played to the words of S. Mikhalkov "Song of Friends" (7 slide presentation.)... Children repeat the movements behind the teacher)
There are mosaic envelopes on your tables. Assemble the car from parts. Work in pairs.
(Teacher shows car drawings)
Raise your hand, those guys who succeed truck, bus, passenger car.
Any car is made up of parts. Consider the structure of a car. Look at p. 113 of the tutorial (top picture) and guess the parts of the car.
- Tell me what is called the heart of a car? (Engine)
- What is the name of the car body? (Body)
- Guess the riddle
Brother drives brother, will not catch up in any way. (Wheels)
- Rebus (headlight) (8 slide presentation.)
- Rebus (steering wheel) (9 slide presentation.)
What part of a car is often called a steering wheel by drivers? Why? Why do you need a steering wheel?
- Another very important part of the car.
(10 slide presentation.)
They serve to protect the driver and passengers on the road and keep them alive in the event of an accident. (Seat belts)
We have talked about the safety of pedestrians on the roads many times. Today in the lesson we will introduce ourselves as drivers and passengers.
Drivers, like pedestrians, must obey traffic rules. Help them in this road signs... Name them.
(The teacher shows the cards with the image of road signs, the children name them)
Well done.
(11 slide presentation.)
Look at the screen. What do you see (bus stop)
Are all children behaving correctly?
(Transport must be waited at the bus stop. In this case, in no case should you go out onto the roadway! The girl is doing the wrong thing!)
(12 slide presentation.)
So, the bus arrived, you took your seats.
(Slide 13 of the presentation.)
Do children behave correctly on the bus?
(It is prohibited:
- stick your arms, legs and head out the window;
- push and run;
- speak loudly, behave noisily;
- stand on the steps at the entrance;
- lean on the doors, because the bus may suddenly stop and open them;
- litter.)
(Slide 14 of the presentation.)
What does the next slide remind you of? (It is necessary to give way to the elderly, disabled people, passengers with children.)
(15 slide of the presentation.)
Guys, tell me what rules you need to follow if you go to passenger car with Dad?
(Necessary:
- use seat belts.
It is prohibited:
- be on front seat children under 12 years old;
- distract the driver;
- open the doors of the car when it is driving or waiting for a green traffic light.)
Well done. Let's play Traffic Light. I ask everyone to stand up.
Traffic lights have three colors.
They are understandable for the driver:
Red light - no way!
Yellow - be ready for the journey
And the green light - roll!
(The teacher shows cards that indicate traffic lights. Children stand at a red signal, at a yellow signal they raise their hands up, at a green signal they step in place.)
Gymnastics for the eyes
Our eyes have rested, we will continue to work. Look at p. 113 textbooks. Why do you think the wise turtle put on a gas mask? Read it.
What new have you learned from the wise turtle?
(16 slide presentation.)
Currently, the development of models of electric vehicles is underway. The first experimental models are already on the roads of the world. But there are still few of them. Maybe there are future inventors among you, and it is you who will make the electric car a common mode of transport on our roads. Then the air in the cities will be clean and fresh.
Instructions
The words "car", "car" most often mean vehicle belonging to the person. Whether to have it is a personal matter for everyone, since owning it involves quite significant expenses: for fuel, maintenance, storage, fines, taxes, etc. But the main thing is that the internal energy of the fuel is consumed in such a very irrational way. Per person, moving "from point A to point B" even in a small car will require noticeably more fuel than if it covers the same distance, for example, by bus or subway.
If there are several passengers, the total consumption increases slightly, so traveling in groups is somewhat more rational. This is clearly shown by such a calculation. The engine power of a small car is about 70 kW, with four passengers, each has 17.5 kW, with one - all 70. In a bus with a 200 kW engine and 50 passengers, each of them has only 4 kW. But this does not mean that if you have a car, you need to get rid of it immediately. You can drive not every day, but only when there are no traffic jams, and the distance needs to be covered considerable. Or when you need to deliver a heavy load, such as a refrigerator. You can simply not, again, in the days of heavy traffic jams, use intercepting parking lots.
The bus is also a very common type of vehicle, and the most common type public transport... Slightly inferior in environmental friendliness to trolleybus and tram, it has such an advantage as autonomy: it does not require equipment of roads with wires or rails. Bus engines in most cases run on inexpensive fuels: diesel fuel and methane (the only exceptions are minibuses, and even then not all). Together with a more rational consumption of this fuel, this factor makes the bus very economical. In the cost of a bus ticket, fuel costs account for only a few percent, the rest is the salaries of drivers and service personnel, spare parts, and depreciation. But even so, it turns out to be much more profitable for a passenger to ride it than in his own car, especially when using a ticket.
Official vehicles make up only a small percentage of urban transport, so it has little effect on both the environmental background and traffic jams. But he plays a huge role, because without him many processes in the city would have frozen, seemingly imperceptible as long as they proceed without interruptions. For example, moving goods, patrolling the streets. Also, it is this type of transport that most often gets to the place of destination, doctors, specialists of utilities, etc. Special types of vehicles are used in road maintenance, mining, agriculture, airports, and military affairs. We can safely say that thanks to the official vehicles we are well fed, healthy, safe, and in the courtyards of our houses in the evenings lights are on.
It is difficult to imagine sports without vehicles. Sports transport drivers, called pilots, participate in interesting competitions that attract many spectators. And in other sports, in addition to such an obvious role as the delivery of athletes, vehicles also play auxiliary roles, for example, during the repair and preparation for competitions of stadiums, ice rinks, etc.
Lesson on the outside world on the topic: "Why do we need cars?"
The purpose of the lesson: Creating conditions for the formation of the initial ideas of childrenabout the purpose, device, variety of cars;
Lesson Objectives:
1) Educational: to give an idea of the purpose, structure and variety of cars;
2) developing: to develop a cognitive interest in the subject under study, the ability to analyze, compare and draw conclusions based on reasoning; enrich the vocabulary of students, formthe ability to make sentences based on key words;
3) educational: to educate love and respect for the world around; increase cognitive activity, educational motivation, promotethe development of a harmonious personality; to teach to work in a group, to respect the opinion of comrades.
Equipment:
presentation for the lesson;
handout: drawings of the Ant Question and the Wise Turtle;
handout material: cards with words;
handouts: pictures of cars;
handout: test;
During the classes:
I stage: Self-determination to activity.
- Hello guys. ... Today, in the lesson, big and small discoveries await you, you will learn a lot of new and interesting things, you will work together in groups and respect each other's opinions.Good luck and good luck to you! In our lesson, as usual, the Ant Question and the Wise Turtle are present. They will ask you questions and help you draw conclusions.
II stage. Knowledge update.
One day, returning home,The ant heard the argument:
Two chauffeurs near the garden
Carried away by a serious dispute:
Whose car is the newest
Whose is stronger and faster
Whose, like the sun, shines,
And, like, a feather flies ...
And cars are like machines
There are also headlights; there are glasses
And rubber tires
Even the number - here it is, here!
Ant listened, listened to this dispute and thought: "Why do we need cars?"
What do you guys think?
Today in the lesson we will find the answer to this question.
III stage. Statement of the educational problem.
Guys, what kind of cars do you know?
How to call in one word a vehicle for transporting people and goods? (Transport)
Tell me why transport is different?
Correct: depending on the purpose
The Wise Turtle is very pleased with your answers.
IV stage. The study new topic(Solution of the educational problem)
Guys, look at the screen. Let'sremember the topic of our lesson.
- What kind of cars are there again?
- Guys! The first steam engine was created in 1769 by the French engineer Cugno.And cars were not always the way we are used to seeing them today.
- Previously, cars looked different. Look, these are the old cars. They are not at all like modern ones.
Which cars do you like more vintage or modern? Why?
- What do we call transport for the carriage of passengers? (passenger)
What kind of cars can be called passenger transport? (bus, trolleybus, taxi, tram)
How many of you know the rules of conduct in passenger transport?
What do we call transport for the carriage of goods? (cargo:crane, KamAZ, excavator, bulldozer)
What kind of cars can be called passenger transport?
There is also a type of transport that is called special. Why do you guys think it's called special that way?
What cars can be classified as special vehicles?
- The word "special" in translation means "special". These machines are needed for very responsible work, they are called by phone if required urgent help... Look at these cars and remember the phone numbers for calling these cars. There are also special cars: sports, mail, food.
- But there is another special machine that can replace all the previous ones. This is the car of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
What do these letters stand for? (the letters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are written on the board)
How many of you know what number you need to call to call the Ministry of Emergency Situations car?
Fizminutka
In this class are all friends
Look at yourself, at the neighbor on the right,
On the neighbor to the left. In this class, all are friends
I, you, he, she - together a friendly family!
Smile at the neighbor on the right, smile at the neighbor on the left
All friends in this room
I, you, he, she - together a friendly family!
Pat your neighbor on the right
Stroke your neighbor to the left
In this class, all are friends
I, you, he, she - together a friendly family!
Look at yourself - together we
One hundred thousand "I"!
V stage. Primary reinforcement (Creation of a study situation)
(Group work)
Now you will be working in groups. Before we start working further, let's remember the rules of conduct in a group..
The ant brought the same set of cards for each group
Try to distribute the cars yourself according to their destination. 1 group must choose passenger transport, 2 group - cargo, and group 3 is special. You are given 2 minutes for this task. If the group is ready, hold hands and lift them up.
To check, let's look at the slide, did you complete the task correctly?
If your group makes a mistake, raise your hand. Have you fixed your mistake?
Despite the fact that outwardly all cars are different, they all have the same parts. We will look at how the car works in the textbook on page 60 and read the names of the main parts of the car. (Textbook work)
What do you fill the car with in order for it to go? (fuel)
Let's read in the textbook on page 61 about what the Wise Turtle tells us. (Car with gasoline engine pollutes the air.)
What do you think, what kind of engine does Sickle-Dirt love, and what kind of car does she dislike? (work according to the textbook p.61)
Guys, now there are a lot different cars... To avoid accidents, you need to follow simple rules.
What do you think?
VI stage. Generalization and consolidation. (Control).
(game situation)
And now the game "Color the extra car"
Each group takes pictures. Consider them carefully, if you find an extra one in a row, paint over it.
Well done! You have mastered the material in today's lesson well. The Wise Turtle is very pleased with you and wants to give you one last assignment.
Now each group will receive a test and take it. Remember the rules for working in a group. If you are doing a test, hold hands and raise them.
Vii stage. Reflection.
Guys, what are cars for? What car groups do you remember?
A drawing paper with a picture of a car is attached to the board.
Emoticons will help you evaluate the work in the lesson.
There are emoticons in front of you: an emoticon with a smile, an emoticon with a sad face, an emoticon with a surprised face. Assess your knowledge.
If your answers were complete, you were active in the lesson, then raise a smiley with a smile.
If you tried, but not everything worked out for you, then raise a smiley with a sad face.
If you listened more than answered, then raise the smiley face with a surprised face. Thanks.
Guys, you worked great in the lesson, learned a lot of new and interesting things, worked together in groups. Thank you for the lesson! And the Question and the Wise Turtle say goodbye to you until the next lesson.
