Heating a private house requires certain financial costs - consumers need to regularly pay for the energy they use. Therefore, the question of the efficiency of heating systems worries many. How to make the most economical heating of a private house with your own hands? Which heating boiler to choose? To do this, you need to understand what a particular heating system is and what its potential is in terms of ensuring efficiency.
Traditionally, autonomous heating systems are used to heat private houses. The energy sources for their operation are natural gas, liquefied gas, solid fuels, liquid fuels and electricity. Natural gas systems are considered the most economical.. But in some conditions, their profitability does not play any role. For example, if the house is not connected to a gas main, then comparisons with gas are not appropriate here.
Gas heating systems
Economical heating systems of a private house are systems that operate on a cheap heat carrier. If there is a gas main nearby, we boldly connect to it and use one of the most inexpensive sources of energy. Comparing the cost of gas with the cost of other sources, you begin to understand that this is one of the most inexpensive types of fuel.
Solid fuel heating systems
Economical heating of a private house without gas can be built on the basis of a solid fuel boiler. It is powered by coal, coke, briquetted fuel and even ordinary firewood. Coal burns the longest, but it is also quite expensive. But the heating system is not only economical, but also inexpensive - the simplest solid fuel boiler is quite affordable.
The cheapest heating of a private house without gas is built using solid fuel boilers, sometimes homemade. If you want to ensure a more convenient operation of the system, you should look at the boiler with a small bunker for pellet fuel (fuel pellets). Such pellet boilers work in automatic mode, requiring only periodic loading of new portions of pellets.
The operation of solid fuel boilers on wood is complicated by the need to load firewood too often. In addition, a lot of firewood is needed, which increases the cost of operating the heating system. One has only to miss the moment of loading the next portion of fuel, as the house starts to get cooler. The problem is solved by installing special solid fuel boilers for long burning.
Liquid heating systems
Liquid fuel heating systems cannot be called the most economical. After gas and solid fuels, they occupy an honorable third place. Used engine oil and diesel fuel are used here as fuel. Because of this, in houses heated by liquid boilers, there is always a characteristic smell. There is also a need to create a special storage for liquid fuel, and at a distance from residential buildings - this creates additional costs.
Electric heating systems
It is difficult to create cheap heating of a private house with electricity - you need a source of free electricity. The whole point is that classic electric boilers are unusually voracious. And it is almost impossible to do something here, since their efficiency is 99% - that is, almost all energy is converted into heat. Some efficiency can be provided by induction boilers, but many experts are not ready to confirm this fact.
Economical electric boilers for heating a private house exist, but they cost much more than their simple small-sized counterparts. Achieving savings in them is carried out through the use of weather-dependent automation and room temperature sensors. That is, they are able to automatically adjust to the characteristics of outdoor and indoor temperature conditions by adjusting the heating power - if a person was involved in the adjustments, then the costs would be higher.
How to make economical heating in a private house
How to make cheap heating of a private house with your own hands? For this you need:
- Use the most economical and efficient heating boiler;
- Pay attention to the thermal insulation of your home;
- Use alternative heat sources.
The principle of operation of a condensing boiler, one of the most profitable devices for heating a private house.
If there is gas in the house, take a closer look at condensing boilers - they have high efficiency and almost completely transfer heat from the burner to the heating system. If you want to create the cheapest heating for a private house without gas, consider purchasing a solid fuel boiler - by buying a truckload of firewood, you will provide yourself with relatively cheap heat for the entire cold period. Also attention should be paid to the installation of radiators with high heat dissipation.
Thin front doors, lack of proper thermal insulation of the walls, old windows - all this contributes to the leakage of heat outside your home. We recommend that you install normal entrance doors with effective thermal insulation, order plastic windows and think about lining the house with a layer of bricks (it is also possible to apply a cement “shirt” that creates good thermal insulation) - this will reduce heat loss and reduce heating costs.
Alternative heat sources
As for alternative heat sources, they can be:
- Infrared film for creating warm floors;
- Solar panels;
- Heat pumps.
A heating scheme in which heat is generated using electricity obtained from solar panels.
Solar batteries use the free energy of the sun - they generate electricity that can be used to heat the coolant or to operate other heating equipment. Their downside is their very high cost.- you need to spend a lot of money to buy the required number of batteries.
Heat pumps use the energy of water bodies, soil or air. The principle of their operation is based on the intake of heat from the environment and its transfer to heated rooms. If you do not delve into the laws of physics, then the principle of operation of the refrigerator is used here. To power heat pumps, external sources of electricity are needed, but even with this in mind, the heating system turns out to be quite economical. But the cost of heat pumps so far crosses out their advantages.
If you need to create an economical heating system for a private house without gas, you can use infrared film. It is powered by electricity and provides floor heating - under the action of infrared radiation, they heat up and begin to give off heat to the premises. According to experts, the film provides up to 30% efficiency in comparison with the use of conventional electric boilers.
Heat bills no longer scare! What is the most economical way to heat a house?
Heating is the biggest energy expense in most homes. It accounts for from 35 to 50% annual electricity bills.
Most effective method reduce the size of these bills - reduce the use of energy for heating.
The heating system replaces the heat that is lost through the walls, windows, floor and ceiling of your home.
Ways to economically heat a private house
The amount of energy required to replace the lost heat depends on four factors:
- location of the house (in colder regions, consumption is higher);
- the size of the building;
- energy efficiency at home;
- energy efficiency of the heating system.
The first factor is the main but it does not depend on you. The colder the weather outside, the more energy is required to maintain a comfortable temperature inside.
important and house size. A spacious room contains a significant amount of air that needs to be warmed up. Therefore, a large house requires large heating costs.
A great opportunity to save energy and money is to improve the energy efficiency of your home and its heating system. There are several ways to do this:
- choose the optimal type of heating system;
- improve facade insulation;
- repair the heat distribution system (air ducts and pipes);
- eliminate heat leakage through doors, windows and various cracks.
How to perform facade insulation
Thermal insulation of the facade in the form of its insulation is the main protection of the house from heat loss through the building body. Therefore, it is very important to insulate the largest part of the house in terms of area - the walls of the facade. Insulating materials reduce heat loss by providing a barrier between the interior of the house and the significantly different temperatures outside.
Houses use different types of insulation. The most common ones- polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene and fiberglass.
Polyurethane foam
Foam insulation is spray or injection foam.
- spray foam in a liquid state, it is distributed in the open spaces of a new house design. After that, the foam expands, fills the cavity and solidifies.
- injection foam pumped into existing cracks, crevices or other voids in walls. This makes this polyurethane foam indispensable for repairing the insulation of existing homes.
Styrofoam
Styrofoam happens with open or closed cells.
- Expanded polystyrene with open cells very light and flexible. When the polystyrene foam is foamed, the gas inside the cells escapes through holes in the cell wall. This process contributes to the creation of a light and flexible shape that compacts as it cures.
- Closed cell expanded polystyrene has a much denser and heavier structure. It forms a dense surface that is more resistant to weathering and temperature changes.
Fiberglass
Fiberglass is made from soda, limestone, sand and crushed glass and is supplied in slabs or rolls. It is placed in unfinished walls, floors and ceilings between pins, beams and crossbeams. Due to its fibrous structure, this material is excellent keeps air inside and prevents heat loss.
Photo 1. A piece of fiberglass. It is one of the most popular home insulation materials.
Efficient boilers for space heating
In order to efficiently and economically heat a house, it is necessary to choose high-quality heating equipment. Most often, boilers are used in this role.
Condensing gas
Boiler operation with condensing gas allows you to use all the energy released during the combustion of gas. All boiler systems distribute heat to hot water, which gives off heat by passing through radiators or other devices in rooms throughout the home. The chilled water is then returned to the boiler for reheating.
In a conventional boiler, the heating system circuit is heated during the combustion of natural gas. condensing boiler uses the energy available in the products of gas combustion. These products contain water vapor. As the steam cools, it condenses and releases heat. The water in the heating circuit is heated by this energy. The evacuation of water released during condensation (condensate) is carried out through the sewage network.
Important! Natural gas is the most affordable source of energy. Therefore, the cost of operating a condensing boiler will be the most profitable.
Such a boiler is easy to operate, consumes less fuel than a standard gas boiler, and has efficiency, often exceeding 100%.
Pyrolysis
The pyrolysis boiler runs on solid fuel. In this case, not only the firewood itself is burned, but also the gases that are released in the process.
Therefore, the efficiency of such boilers is up to 90%. Firewood or special pellets made from dried biomass burn in one chamber, releasing pyrolysis gas.
Under the influence of high temperature, the gas enters another chamber through a special nozzle, in which it burns, mixing with oxygen.
The thermal energy released in this process is much higher than in conventional boilers and burn time is much longer. Therefore, pyrolysis boilers are called long burning boilers.
Such gas-generating boilers do not depend on the presence of a main gas pipeline, and can most effectively use purchased fuel.
solid fuel
The simplest boiler is a wood or coal boiler. He completely autonomous, and does not require any connection to the gas pipeline or electrical network, nor the cost of paying for gas and electricity. Just a standard body is enough, consisting of a firebox (or combustion chamber) and a blower, and ordinary firewood.
Firewood is burning in the firebox thanks to the air that is supplied through the blower. In this case, thermal energy is released. It heats a steel or cast iron heat exchanger in the form of a coil, located in the furnace, and increases the temperature of the coolant. Hot water gives off heat when it passes through the heating system of the house. The chilled water is then returned to the boiler for reheating.
Electric boiler
Electric boiler operation similar to the operation of other boilers: the water in it is heated, and then circulates in the heating system circuit and radiators.
Water is heated in these boilers using electric current. It provides high performance and excellent heating rate.
In addition, the installation of an electric boiler does not require large expenditures for the installation of expensive equipment, the presence of a chimney and a large room.
Warm floor
Underfloor heating - the most old form of central heating. Even the Romans used an underfloor heating system that warmed buildings and baths. Today's underfloor heating system is gaining more and more popularity in Russia.
Underfloor heating is a system that heats a house through a heated floor covering. Exists two types of such system. In the first type warm water heats the floor, passing through the pipeline laid under the floor ("wet" system). In the second floor becomes warm with electric coils placed under it ("dry" system).
Concrete floor slabs heat up, and heat is radiated from under the floor into the room. "Wet" system can be connected to a gas boiler for heating water. This will help to significantly save on cheap gas fuel.
Attention! For this type of heating massive building work is required. Therefore, its installation is best done during the construction of the house.
Infrared heating is one of the most economical ways
The infrared spectrum is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This form of radiated heat is the most basic. It's the same 100% natural heat type, which radiates and absorbs the human body daily.
Photo 2. Installation of infrared heaters under the roof of the house, this installation method allows you to completely warm up the room.
The peculiarity of infrared radiation is that it heats objects and people in its path. without heating the surrounding area. This makes infrared heating much more efficient than convection. The convective heat generated by conventional radiators and central heating systems only heats the air.
Warm air is distributed throughout the room, circulating uncontrollably and leaving objects in the room cool. Infrared heating radiates direct heat and heats everything. This type of heating brings long-lasting, comfortable warmth to the house, consuming less energy.
Infrared heaters can provide targeted heat anywhere, no matter the distance. This means that there is no need to spend electricity to heat a room of any, even the largest area, and heat is not lost due to air circulation.
Solar collectors - cheap and economical
Solar collectors use the heat of sunlight to heat water, which then goes inside the building. They consist of a panel of heat-absorbing material into which mixture of water and antifreeze to collect heat. This mixture then heats the water in the hot water system, so solar collectors must be integrated into existing system heat distribution.
Photo 3. Solar collectors installed on the roof of the house. Devices must be placed at a certain angle.
Such thermal systems can be useful not only in warm climates. Even a small increase in water temperature dramatically reduces the amount of energy needed to heat it. Solar collectors create favorable conditions for the start of any heating systems. It means that less energy is used overall.
How to heat a house with heat pumps in winter and summer
Heat pumps are devices for transferring warm air using an electric pump. In winter, the warm air is separated from the cold outdoors and circulates inside the house. In summer, the heat pump reverses the direction of flow and the warm air from the room is carried outside. Heat pumps use forced air systems to distribute heated air throughout the home.
Exists two types heat pumps.
Geothermal
Geothermal pumps pump warm air from a pipeline placed underground. The temperature in such a source stable throughout the year.
In geothermal pumps, the collector circuit is a coil buried in long, shallow pits or in vertical wells.
The efficiency of heat pumps is often happens more than 100%, because electricity is used in them not to create heat, but to move it.
Air
Air source heat pumps use outside air as a heat source in winter and as a heat sink in summer. These heat pumps look and install just like a central air conditioner.
Conclusion
Heating our homes is expensive and getting more expensive every year. As costs rise, each of us is looking for more affordable heating and insulation options. Fortunately, many such options. Choose carefully combine different types and systems of heating and you can choose the best option in terms of price and efficiency.
What is the most economical way to heat your home?
Home heating can be organized in different ways, but which is the most economical method available? We will try to understand this below.
Choosing a heating method - the nuances
To determine which option is the most economical way in your case, you should accurately answer a number of questions. Their list is as follows:
For example, for houses in which the owners are visiting, it is not advisable to use permanent heating.
Fuel
The very first thing is to find out what kind of fuel in your area is most affordable. The main criteria here are:
- uninterrupted supply;
- resource cost.
It is the availability of energy in this particular area that is the main starting point.
In most cases, they are used in private homes:
- natural gas;
- firewood;
- coal (both stone and brown);
- fuel oil;
- peat briquettes.
Sometimes they also heat with electricity - this is far from one of the most economical ways, but in the absence of an alternative, this possibility must be taken into account.
Depending on the list of available resources, the boiler is also selected. The calorific value of this appliance directly affects the overall efficiency of the entire system.
The property mentioned above is weakest in systems operating on solid fuels. Followed by:
But, as statistics show, today on average in Russia (if all the described energy sources without exception are available in any locality), then natural gas is necessarily the cheapest.
The least economical heating is undoubtedly electric. Other ways to do without gas, although much cheaper, will still require twice as much spending compared to the cost of blue fuel. However, in the absence of an alternative, you don’t really have to choose.
Depending on what kind of resource is available in your area, the choice of heating system is also made. There are 2 types most widely used in Russia:
Electricity
When it comes to electricity, here are the proven ways to heat a house:
- warm floor;
- infrared panels (film heaters, etc.);
- convectors;
- boilers.
The first three types are suitable for relatively economical heating of buildings where people do not permanently live. Their consumption is far from small, but a few days of use per month is not critical. For wooden capital country houses, film heaters are probably the most convenient. They consume only 40 watts per square meter.
The advantages of electric heating are:
- low cost of installation;
- ease of maintenance;
- fine adjustment;
- noiselessness.
Water heating
Such systems work in the same way, regardless of the type of boiler installed in the house:
- the carrier, heated to the operating temperature, is fed into the pipes;
- circulates through all radiators (the latter, due to the convection of air masses, provide heat transfer);
- the cooled water is returned through a closed circuit back to the boiler.
At the same time, one of the most economical is heating with natural circulation. Since pumps are not installed in the system to pump the coolant, it means that there is no need to spend additional electricity.
At the same time, if the house has an area of more than 100 square meters, the described option will not work. A large length of communications leads to an increase in hydrodynamic resistance in the pipes, which means that the movement of water will be too slow.
The disadvantages of water heating are:
- the boiler must work constantly;
- adjusting the exact temperature in each room is almost impossible.
air heating
Compared to the methods described above, the considered one is quite economical. It is ideal for both houses where people always live, and for those in which they visit.
The principle of this system is simple:
- the air is heated directly through the heater;
- is supplied to the premises through special sleeves and grates installed either in the floor or in the wall.
Undoubted advantage can be called:
- literally lightning-fast heating of the whole house;
- economical use of fuel;
- high efficiency (about 90 percent);
- low duct maintenance costs.
- noise occurs during operation;
- the installation of the heater requires, according to safety rules, a rather large area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
List of other ways
For budget-conscious homeowners, it will be useful to know that insulation can reduce costs, and quite significantly. A well-insulated house consumes much less resources (about half) while maintaining comfortable conditions for its inhabitants.
Such work must be carried out comprehensively:
- the walls are covered with foam plastic or pressed mineral wool;
- windows are installed with double-glazed windows;
- the attic floor and floors are necessarily insulated.
Installing a programmable thermostat will also allow more efficient use of energy for heating. This device:
- can independently monitor the temperature in different rooms;
- turn off the heating in the absence of people;
- controlled remotely via a built-in SIM card.
Home heating with electricity: the most economical way and the advantages of choice
It is known that the most inexpensive heating option is considered to be a gas system. But there are situations when it is not possible to use it, for example, if a gas main does not pass nearby. In this case, heating the house with electricity is recommended. The most economical way can be chosen by analyzing all the options offered. This is what we will do in this review.
This option is suitable for buildings outside the city and country houses.
Why choose electricity for heating your home: the most economical way
Electric heating system has the following advantages:
- Electricity-based appliances are virtually silent and do not require an additional type of fuel. They do not pollute the atmosphere. To use them, you only need an electrical network;
- installation of equipment does not require significant investments;
- to save electricity, you can use a system of two-tariff meters or solar panels on the roof;
- connection of a convector or boiler can be done independently.
Heating with electricity is carried out using different devices.
Options for electric heating of a private house
Such a heating scheme involves the use of various types of equipment.
Boiler Application
It is not uncommon to install an electric boiler for home heating 220v. Such a device belongs to the budget options and is easy to install.
Boilers powered by electricity are of the following types:
- ten models are traditional options. The heating element is heated by electricity and transfers heat to the coolant, which transfers it to the installed radiators. This unit is equipped with a thermostat, which allows you to keep the temperature at a certain level. The disadvantages include scale, which is collected on the heating element;
The diagram shows the principle of operation with a heating element
- instead of a heating element, the electrode type of the boiler has an electrode that acts on free ions, which creates heat. This is a safe design option, since if water leaks, the device stops working. With this method of heating, limescale does not occur, but only water can be used as a heat carrier;
The device of the electrode model
- the device of an induction electric boiler includes a pipeline and a radiator. In this case, the radiation mechanism forms an electromagnetic field that interacts with metal elements. Electricity produces vortex flows that transfer energy to the coolant. Such a product is characterized by ease of installation and maintenance. Water, oil formulations or antifreeze are used as a heating fluid.
Installation of the induction device
Selection of IR panels
When deciding how to heat a house with electricity economically, you can consider the option of installing infrared structures. Such products do not heat the air inside the rooms, but various objects. If, in the version with a boiler, the air masses move upwards and then cool down, then in this case the hot streams are directed to the floor.
Infrared designs do not take up much space
If thermostats are added to infrared devices, they will work more efficiently. One controller is enough to control three heaters. This equipment is economical in the process of application, but expensive in terms of installation and construction costs. IR devices consume a small amount of electricity. In addition, they rationally distribute heat. They can perform spot and zone heating. Even after the design is turned off, objects generate heat for a long time.
Infrared panel device
Installation of such equipment can be done independently. The infrared system is used both as the main type of fuel and as an additional one. The advantages of the option include a long service life, up to 80 years.
Electric heating of the house is also carried out using infrared floor heating. This is an economical and effective tool. This design is not afraid of unexpected power surges and does not break with minor damage. You can install such a device under various floor coverings except for parquet. Infra-red rays heat only solid objects, therefore, when the floor is heated, the elements themselves do not heat up.
Installation of infrared flooring
Infrared ceiling panels
Benefits of convectors
When choosing the most economical electric heating without a boiler, it is worth exploring the possibilities of convectors. According to manufacturers, a convector powered by the mains heats the space with high quality and at the same time spends a small amount of electricity. The main advantage of the device is that its installation is simple.
It takes about two minutes to warm up the heating element, which is much faster than when heated with water devices. The advantages of such structures include:
- low cost of equipment;
- fire safety;
- the heating system can not be completed immediately, buying additional radiators as needed;
- modern design;
- uninterrupted operation even with sudden voltage changes;
- small sizes.
This method maintains the desired ratio of humidity in the room and does not destroy oxygen. Excellent technical properties and excellent power indicators make it possible to use electric convectors for heating both large and small private houses.
Such structures are compact and portable.
The main element of the design is the heating element, which converts the energy of electricity into heat. The principle of operation is air convection. In this case, the cooled streams penetrate into the slots in the lower part of the body, and then exit through the upper holes. The convector can work alone or in a system controlled by a temperature controller.
Wall models are characterized by functionality and allow you to free up space
Which option is better not to choose?
When choosing the most economical way to heat your home, it's worth exploring options that aren't worth buying. An oil cooler is an expensive option. It has increased power, but when working in winter, it consumes a lot of electricity. Despite the significant power, such products have a low heating efficiency. Interestingly, IR panels of the same power will heat the space in the house faster. Fan heaters are inefficient devices. They contribute to the reduction of oxygen, make noise and move dust.
An oil heater is well combined with other heating methods.
How to increase the efficiency of electric boilers for heating a private house: prices and methods
To get the most economical way, heating a house with electricity must be properly organized. The efficiency of the entire structure can be reduced as a result of poor thermal insulation. Various gaps, gaps and lack of insulation on the windows contribute to the rapid cooling of the rooms.
If no one is at home during the whole day, then you can not heat the house for the whole day. In such a situation, you can install a special controller that will start the heating system a few hours before the arrival of residents. Two hours is enough to fully warm up the rooms.
Scheme of operation of electrical equipment
Of great importance is a skillfully designed heating system, taking into account the location of the heaters and the power. A good solution is to install a multi-tariff meter. This device allows you to save electricity at night, when the heater will work.
Helpful information! With good insulation of the ceiling and walls, the quality of heating can increase up to 80%.
To get a home heating system with electricity cheaply, you need to choose the right equipment and calculate the location of all devices.
Chopping a mountain of firewood for the winter, manually transferring tons of coal - relatively recently, the preparation looked exactly like this. Fortunately, progress is inexorable. In this review, we will tell you about the novelties developed using new technologies in the field of heating and water heating technology.
Kiturami Company announces a new price - 91,000 rubles - for Kiturami burners. The burner is equipped with comprehensive fire and carbon monoxide protection, automatic cleaning for continuous economical combustion and a remote controller for comfortable operation.
The Kiturami burner is able to detect and immediately stop burning as soon as it reaches the minimum allowable level. This feature provides maximum protection for your home from fire or carbon monoxide.
According to experts, the Kiturami burner allows you to save two times the consumption of pellets.
At the same time, the owners of the pellet burner do not have to wake up at night to clean the grate of ash and re-ignite it, do not worry about the quality of the wood pellets: they will light up, or it will be necessary to change the settings.
Vladimir NemchinovGeneral Director of KITURAMI COMPANY LLC
You will not work as a stoker who spends time in the boiler room. Instead, you will live in comfort with remote control of your home's heating. You will really forget that there is a boiler running somewhere in the house.
The reliability of the burner is ensured by European and Japanese parts and high quality materials.
In severe frost, when you don’t particularly want to get up and do household chores, the owners of the Kiturami pellet burner will have a good reason to remember the South Korean developers with a kind word - the burner is controlled using a remote controller.
The controller allows you to control the boiler without getting up from the sofa, and at the same time see that the boiler and burner are working properly. The air temperature in the house is increased by pressing one button, the temperature of the coolant is changed by pressing another. And this is only part of the functions of the controller, providing a high level of comfort for affordable price. When buying a burner, you do not need to pay for the controller separately.
The life and health of your loved ones can directly depend on whether a pellet burner or boiler meets generally recognized safety and quality standards.
Vladimir Nemchinov
It is hard to imagine that some European laboratory set itself up and made a "left" test report.
The choice of heating method depends on the financial capabilities of the homeowner. Citizens with above-average incomes are more interested in modern heating systems and the latest energy-saving equipment. Rural residents with low incomes set the task differently: economically heat an apartment or a private house, incurring minimal installation costs.
Both groups of homeowners are united by a completely understandable desire - to pay less for a communal apartment. There are also two options for solving the problem: use new technologies or leave / reduce the consumption of expensive energy sources.
High tech solutions
Heating of residential and industrial premises- the sphere is rather conservative, it is difficult to invent something new here, radically different from traditional options. That's why modern principles heating systems remain the same - heat transfer from a source by a water system or direct air heating.
As a rule, innovations in heating affect thermal power equipment. Manufacturers are striving to increase the efficiency of solid fuel and gas boilers, and also offer a variety of alternative options:
- heat pumps;
- solar collectors;
- floor and panel electric heating with infrared film.
Over the past 10 years, the heating networks of country and multi-apartment buildings (new buildings) have changed. Appeared the latest tools automation, security and remote control of heating. Consider the technologies used in order.
Reference. Heating appliances have changed very little over the past 10 years. The apartments still use 4 types of water radiators - cast iron, aluminum, steel and. A similar picture is observed in the field of electric heating, where convectors, fan heaters and infrared heating devices are used.
Traditional thermal installations
Boilers that burn various fuels and use electricity are constantly being improved. Traditional air heating installations, which 20 years ago were found only in industrial buildings, are also being modernized. We unequivocally refer to the following equipment as novelties:
- gas condensing boilers;
- automatic heat generators on pellets and coal;
- air heating units with heat recovery – recuperators.
Gas condensing (left) and pellet automatic boiler (right) Note. It would seem that the range of classic electric heaters has also been supplemented with new products, for example, models. These devices cannot be called innovative, since their principle of operation and efficiency are identical to infrared heaters.
Let's figure out how to increase the efficiency of boiler equipment:
- In the optimum operating mode, the condensing boiler uses the latent heat of combustion of natural gas, the efficiency reaches 96%. Under normal conditions, when burned, water is formed, which evaporates and flies into the chimney. The cylindrical heat exchanger of our unit causes the steam to condense and take back the heat of vaporization.
- Automatic supply of solid fuel to the burner allows you to increase the efficiency of burning coal and pellets up to 86%. A decisive role is played by a clear dosage of fuel and the volume of air pumped by the fan. Note: the heat exchange part of the boiler differs little from the wood-burning "brothers" of direct combustion.
- The heat exchanger of the heat exchanger is able to heat the supply air, taking away the heat of the exhaust flow. In practice, it is possible to transfer 50 ... 70%, the remaining 30 ... 50 percent is heated up by the heating installation.
The peculiarity of the classic heat exchanger with crossed air flows is non-volatility and absolute isolation. On the other hand, to move the air, you need fans that consume electricity.
The best thermal power equipment costs a lot of money. Condensing heat generators are 40-80% more expensive than conventional gas ones, and the cost of 1 retort pellet burner exceeds the price of a simple boiler with a chain. But over time and as it spreads, boiler plants become cheaper, becoming more affordable every year.
Equipment for alternative heating
Above we have given a list of non-traditional heat sources, now we will reveal the secrets of their effectiveness:
- Heat pumps (HP), using, transfer energy inside residential premises. The unit takes away low-potential heat of soil, water or air. The ratio of consumed electricity to transferred thermal energy is 1: 3 for air and 1: 5 for geothermal installations.
Methods of heat extraction by geothermal heat pumps - Solar collectors located in an open area heat water directly or through a substance contained inside transparent vacuum tubes. Energy is obtained almost for free, but intermittently - at night and in winter, solar systems lose their efficiency greatly.
Solar collectors cannot heat the house on their own, therefore they transfer energy to a buffer tank or an indirect heating boiler - The thin polymer film with heating carbon layer does not save electricity directly. But being laid under the flooring (ceiling, walls) over the entire area of the room, it allows you to reduce the cost of electric heating due to the low heating temperature.
Clarification. Thermal units various types they heat directly the air of the rooms or the coolant directed to the heating devices. The best in terms of efficiency is a modern geothermal plant that extracts energy from the earth. For every kilowatt of electricity used, it brings 4-5 kW of heat.
Due to the high cost of equipment and installation, the listed methods of heating a house are implemented by few users. The exception is infrared film, which is available due to its low price and ease of installation.
Heat pumps are also gradually becoming cheaper - some firms are already showing digestible figures, for example, 300 c.u. i.e. for 1 kW of heating power together with installation (well drilling is considered separately). With a strong desire, a ground TN can be used using an old split system.
Heating networks
Hydronic systems are not going to lose ground to air heating and direct electric heating, remaining the most common method of transferring heat to rooms. We single out 3 heating schemes that are gradually replacing the classic two-pipe closed-type system:
- radiator network connected by a collector (beam) method;
- underfloor heating circuits;
- panel heating - the so-called warm walls.
An example of beam wiring to batteries from a comb Note. In a good way, only the ray scheme should be considered modern. Heating floors and walls are described in Soviet textbooks on heating and ventilation, but gained wide popularity in the mid-2000s.
The essence of the collector wiring is the hidden direct laying of pipes to each battery individually. The adjustment is made on the comb, where all the pipelines are connected, hidden in the floor, behind the filing of the ceilings or walled up in the walls. The scheme allows you to automate the operation of heating as much as possible and control the temperature of each room separately.
The project of heating floor circuits of a one-story building The advantages of underfloor heating (abbreviated as HF) are well known to homeowners - comfortable heating of the lower zone of the premises with a low temperature coolant (30-50 ° C), hence fuel savings of 10-30%. A significant drawback is inertia (long-term heating and cooling of a concrete monolith).
Reference. In bathrooms and corridors of a small area, it is better to arrange electric underfloor heating, where a resistive cable or the same film serves as a heating element. The reason is lower installation costs.
Panel heating is an analogue of a warm floor, only the pipe is attached to the wall and sealed with plaster. When connected to a heat pump or chiller, the wall circuit can cool the room in summer. For more information about the modern version of heating, see the video.
Automation and safety fittings
In modern heating systems, the following automation devices are used:
- Thermoregulators-programmers are connected to gas and electric boilers equipped with electronic "brains". By fixing the air temperature, the device controls the combustion / heating of the heater and thus maintains the microclimate in the house. Following the user's settings, the controller changes the temperature depending on the presence of people at different times of the day.
- Radiator thermal heads + thermostatic valves restrict the flow of coolant through the batteries, preventing the room from heating above the set temperature.
- RTL thermal heads control the flow of coolant in the TP loops, focusing on the heating of the return flow.
- Mixing units based on two- and three-way valves limit the temperature of the coolant in any line - floor heating circuits, dead-end branches with radiators, in the small circulation ring of a solid fuel boiler.
- The zone control system includes an electronic unit, room thermostats and servomotors installed on the valves of the distribution manifold. The controller regulates the flow of water in the circuits and automatically maintains different temperatures in the premises, set by the user.
- Remote control of heating via GSM-channel or the Internet. An electronic unit is connected to the boiler, for example, "Ksital", which exchanges information with the homeowner's cell phone. The latter always sees the state of the heater, the temperature in the house and can remotely issue various commands.
Reference. In recent years, smartphone applications have appeared that interact with the boiler in real time via the Internet.
We consider the heat release valves used in closed systems with TT boilers to be a real innovation in the field of heating safety. Unlike conventional pressure safety valves, they react to excess water temperature and quickly cool the boiler jacket in case of boiling.
The principle is as follows: through one pipe, the valve discharges boiling water into the sewer, and through the second it supplies cold water from the water supply to the boiler tank. The probability of an explosion of a solid fuel boiler is reduced to zero.
Budget heating options
In rural areas and remote regions, heating systems of private houses are installed taking into account complicating factors:
- during power outages, any innovations and technological solutions turn into a pile of useless rubbish; after the power is turned off, the rooms cool down;
- it is often necessary to consider heating options without gas, since connecting to the main is too expensive or technically impossible;
- the price of liquefied gas and related equipment does not allow the owner with small incomes to arrange autonomous heating;
- limited budget.
Comment. If power outages or power surges are constantly observed, it makes no sense to buy an uninterruptible power supply or an electric generator. The first one may not have enough charge, the second one will not start without the help of the owner. Result: you come home from work and find yourself in a cold house.
In such conditions, a non-volatile heating scheme is considered modern, implemented in 2 ways:
- Gravity-flowing wiring is mounted from pipes of increased diameter, observing slopes in horizontal sections, as was done above in the diagram of a two-story house. The coolant heats the stove with a water circuit or a boiler that does not need electricity.
- brick oven with access to 3-4 rooms. In a small country house, a metal or cast-iron wood-burning stove is placed.
A small stove with a boiler tank can be folded with your own hands The source of heat can be a floor-standing gas boiler with non-volatile automation such as "", "Lemax", AOGV and the like. If there is no gas in the area, you can install a direct combustion solid fuel heat generator controlled by a chain draft regulator.
In the days of the USSR, when settlements were massively gasified, the owners of residential buildings destroyed brick stoves that occupied the area in vain. Now there is a reverse trend - furnaces are being restored or laid out from scratch.
Many modern developers prefer to put a solid brick heater into the project and not depend on external factors. If the old stove in the house is preserved, restore it, as shown in the video:
Conclusion
A modern heating system in our understanding is an efficient way of heating that meets the current conditions. It makes no sense to invest and fence off automation, which will turn off along with the mains voltage, to buy some devices (generators, uninterruptibles) so that others (pumps, controllers, drives) work. Confess the principle of economic expediency.
The price of heating is constantly rising and many owners of private housing are thinking about using some alternative sources of heating. Thanks to many developments in this area, it is possible to use natural resources or various modern technological methods for heating.
Which alternative heating system is better? To answer this question, you must first understand the features of a particular method and their profitability.
Types of alternative heating systems
Today, various alternative technological methods are being used to replace the gas and electric heating devices that have long become familiar. Consider these four types:
- hydrothermal (water energy);
- geothermal (earth energy);
- solar (energy of the rays of the sun);
- and infrared.
Each of them is worth considering in more detail with their pros and cons.
hydrothermal heating
As the name implies, the basis of the method is the use of natural water, from which the required amount of thermal energy will be extracted. And if there is a natural reservoir (lake or river) near your house, then this process is noticeably simplified. But, in many cases, it will still be necessary to drill a well on the site to get to the groundwater.
How does the method work? Three important components are required to install the system:
- special geothermal pump
- outer contour;
- indoor wiring.
For the external contour, underground, at the depth of groundwater, a structure is laid from pipes, the depth of which is below the freezing level of the earth. The installation operates in this way: the heat of the water enters the coolant of the external circuit and, with the help of a special pump, is sent to the heat exchanger. The heat is then transferred to the internal wiring.
If there is a natural reservoir in the vicinity, then all these installation difficulties can be eliminated. Then the heat exchanger is simply lowered into the water and connected to the heating system. Important: in this case, the reservoir must be at least 200 m2 in area.
The main advantages of this method
This design has a number of advantages:
- versatility, as the system can function as a heat supply and as a cooling one;
- saving electricity, which feeds the pump, consuming only 1 kW per hour;
- fire safety, since there is no need for the combustion process;
- sufficiently high efficiency: from 1 kW of electrical energy, 5 kW of heat is obtained at the output;
- simple terms operation and no need for constant maintenance.
The disadvantages include only the high price of a geothermal pump, as well as expensive installation of equipment. For example, if the area of your house is 100 m2, and the power consumption is 5 kWh, then installing such a heating system will cost 440 thousand rubles. The amount is presented on the basis that the house is located at a distance of 50 meters from a natural reservoir, into which the heat exchanger will need to be immersed.
Geothermal heating
The principle of operation of this system is similar to that described above, only the earth is used as a heat source, not water. Laying equipment here has its own characteristics. It can be carried out horizontally, or, due to some installation difficulties, vertically. To lay pipes vertically, it will be necessary to drill a well to a sufficiently large depth. But horizontal laying has negative nuances. Such as: a large area for placing the contour and the impossibility of planting plants in the places where it is located, since the collector will constantly cool and destroy their root system.
In both cases, heat will be taken directly from the soil, next to the building. The pump that pumps the coolant is placed in the house, and the heat exchanger is placed not far from it.
Benefits of geothermal heating
The advantages of using this method include:
- the inexhaustibility of such an energy source as the earth;
- autonomy of the installation;
- fire safety;
- low power consumption;
- no need to deliver and store fuel;
- very long system life.
The disadvantages, again, include the high price. For a dwelling of 100 m2, it will be equal to about 600 thousand rubles.
Solar collectors (solar system)
The easiest way today is to use the available energy of the sun, by converting its rays into the required thermal energy, with little loss.
How is such a system set up? Its main element is a special device - a solar collector. It consists of tubes leading to a tank in which the coolant is located. Such a collector can be of different types: vacuum, air or flat. In addition to it, the installation includes a number of other components:
- heat exchanger
- Solar collectors
- storage tank
- Pipeline
- Expansion tank.
How it works? The heated coolant is in the storage tank. The liquid is taken from its upper part and fed into the heating devices. After it passes the entire heating circuit, it cools down and drains back into the tank.
The expansion tank is used to prevent the expansion of the coolant and the formation airlock in pipes. It is located at the highest point of the entire installation.
Solar collectors are usually placed at an angle of 40 degrees, so that such a slope ensures optimal efficiency of the coolant. All pipes, to minimize heat loss, must be carefully insulated.
Pros and cons of the method
Its main advantages include:
- efficiency;
- service life (more than 20 years);
- fairly simple maintenance;
- no dependence on low ambient temperature.
However, most often, such a system is used as an additional heat source. Since, in the coldest time of the year, it may not be enough. In addition, if the sky is cloudy, then the house will not warm up enough either.
Modern technologies make it possible to combine several types of heating. For example, combine the work of solar panels with infrared radiation. And again, the disadvantage of the method is its high price. To heat a house with an area of 100 m2 with solar energy, you will have to spend about 900,000 rubles on installing a battery.
infrared heating method
The method is very simple and is based on the use of special properties of infrared rays. Even a small stream of such rays is able to heat objects, which then heat the air inside the room.
Features of the method
Infrared radiation can come from a number of several individual elements or from entire surfaces. You must first make the correct calculations of the required number of devices.
Emitters are portable and stationary. Stationary mounted on the wall or ceiling, in the place where the heating will be performed. Portable devices can be moved around the house, as well as used outdoors. Radiation can also come from the surface, which requires the installation of a special film, which is placed under the lining of the ceiling or walls. Such technology is currently innovative in this area.
Advantages and disadvantages
The use of infrared emitters also has good and bad sides. Its advantages include:
- relatively fast heating of the entire room;
- saving on electricity;
- the ability to move the device to any other place;
- automatic adjustment;
- the possibility of using this heat source in the open air;
- affordable price equipment.
Here the price of the system is much more loyal. The purchase and installation of radiators for a house, 100 m2 in size, will cost only 30 thousand rubles, if we are talking about portable options. If a film heating method is needed, then the price for it will be from 160,000 rubles and more.
The disadvantages of this heating system include the nuances of the location of the devices: they must be above 1.5 meters above the floor so as not to damage the flooring. In addition, too long operation of the emitter without interruption can lead to its severe overheating.
The constant rise in heating prices encourages people to turn to alternative sources. Developments in this area allow the use of natural resources such as the sun, water and earth. Also, new technologies are introducing entire complexes for heating houses.
Which heating system to choose? To answer this question, it is necessary to study all the features of the work and determine the conditions for proper functioning. Also an important factor is the profitability and expediency of the chosen type.
Kinds
New technologies using alternative heat carriers are replacing the usual for all gas and electric heating installations. There are four types of systems depending on the source:
- hydrothermal;
- geothermal;
- solar;
- infrared.
Let's consider them in more detail.
hydrothermal
This method is based on the use of natural water. The necessary thermal energy will be extracted from it. If there is a lake or pond within reach of your home, then the task of installing equipment is greatly simplified. But this is rather an exception to the rule, in most cases it is necessary to drill wells to the groundwater level.
Operating principle
The installation can be divided into three components:
- outer contour;
- internal wiring;
- geothermal pump.
The outer circuit is a pipe structure laid underground at the groundwater level. The depth of their occurrence should be below the freezing depth. The external circuit represents the heating communications of the house.
The principle of operation of the installation is as follows. The groundwater heat is transferred to the heat carrier of the external circuit. With the help of a pump, it enters the heat exchanger. After that, heat is transferred to the internal wiring. All installation difficulties can be avoided if there is a reservoir nearby. The heat exchanger is immersed in water and connected to the heating. The area of the reservoir must be at least 200 m².
Device advantages
The design has the following advantages:
- universality - the system can work not only as a heating system, but also as a cooling one;
- low power consumption - it is only needed to power the pump and is about 1 kW per hour;
- fire safety is ensured due to the absence of the combustion process;
- high efficiency - out of 1 kW of electricity, the output is 5 kW of heat;
- ease of operation and maintenance.
The disadvantage is the high cost of the heat pump and the installation of equipment. For a house with an area of 100 m² and a power consumption of 5 kWh, the installation of a heating system will be approximately 440 thousand rubles. This calculation is taken for houses located within a radius of 50 meters from the reservoir into which the heat exchanger will be immersed.
geothermal plant
Its principle of operation is similar to the hydrothermal version. The difference lies in the fact that the heat of the earth is used, not water.
Equipment Features
Laying the outer contour can be carried out both vertically and horizontally. The vertical arrangement is due to a number of difficulties in the installation process. For pipes, it is necessary to drill wells to a greater depth. But there are two negative points associated with horizontal laying:
- a large area of \u200b\u200ba private plot is needed to accommodate the contour;
- the inability to plant plants, because the collector will cool their roots.
In both cases, heat is taken directly from the soil near the private building. The geothermal pump responsible for pumping the coolant is located in the house itself. The shaft with the heat exchanger should be located in close proximity to the building.
Advantages of using the heat of the earth
This system has the following advantages:
- the thermal energy of the earth is an inexhaustible source of energy;
- autonomous operation of the system;
- absolute fire safety, there is no possibility of fire;
- minimum power consumption;
- no need for delivery and storage of fuel;
- long service life.
The high cost of the object is the main disadvantage. A geothermal installation for the same quadrature as in the previous case will increase to 600 thousand rubles.
Using solar energy for heating is the cheapest and most affordable way. The main task is to convert sunlight into heat with minimal losses.
System device
The main element of such a system is the solar collector. This is a device consisting of tubes that lead to a coolant reservoir. Collectors are vacuum, air and flat. In addition to them, the following nodes are included:
- heat exchanger;
- storage tank;
- pipeline;
- fore-chamber.
The storage tank is a container with a heated coolant. From the top of the tank, the liquid is supplied to the heating devices. After passing through the entire heating circuit, the cooled coolant enters the tank again.
The avankamera serves to prevent air retention in the heating pipeline. It is a tank, which is located at the highest point of the system. Collectors must be installed at an angle of 35-40°. This slope will provide maximum efficiency. To minimize heat loss, all piping from the collector to the heat exchanger must be insulated.
Advantages and disadvantages
It is worth noting the main advantages of solar panels:
- high efficiency;
- long service life - more than 25 years;
- ease of maintenance;
- independence from low air temperatures.
But still, it is better to use batteries as an additional source of heat for private houses. In winter, the energy of the sun will not be enough to accumulate the required amount of heat. During periods of increased cloudiness, your home may also remain cold. New technologies make it possible to combine several types of heating into one complex, and solar panels can be combined with a geothermal installation or infrared radiation.
Also, the disadvantages include very high prices for solar collectors and equipment. To heat a house of 100 m², installing solar panels will cost about 900,000 rubles.
Infrared radiation
The essence of this method is to use the properties of infrared rays. The directional flow heats the solid objects under the radiation, and they in turn increase the air temperature of the house.
Equipment Features
Infrared radiation can come from point features or from surfaces. The required number of devices is calculated. Emitters can be of two types:
- portable;
- stationary.
Stationary radiators are fixed on the ceiling and walls in those places where it is necessary to produce heating. Mobile option on a support can be moved within a private house, it can even be used outdoors.
Infrared radiation can also come from surfaces. For this, a special film is used, which is located under the facing layer on the ceiling, walls and ceiling. This technology is a novelty in the development of heating complexes.
Advantages and disadvantages
The operation of infrared emitters is associated with both positive and negative points. The advantages include:
- rapid heating of the room;
- economical consumption of electricity;
- the ability to move the device;
- automatic adjustment of the heating mode;
- use of a heat source in open areas;
- low cost of infrared equipment.
The purchase and installation of emitters for houses with an area of 100 m² can be limited to 30,000 rubles. If film infrared heating is provided, the starting threshold for expenses will be an amount of 160,000 rubles.
The disadvantages of an infrared heating system are that the devices should be located no lower than 1.5 meters from the floor level. This is necessary so that the flooring of the house is not damaged. Long-term operation of the emitter may cause it to overheat.
