"Parma" cuts through the swamps and impassable roads of our vast country.
All data are taken from the forum of the site "Lunokhodov.Net", where he shares his best practices and skills under the nickname mishanya68.
The tasks originally assigned to the all-terrain vehicle builder.
V technical requirements and wishes such items:
1. confident movement on snow of average depth and density for the Urals.
2. capacity for 2 people, plus 50-80 kg of cargo.
3. minimum, should be confident in the water (main application is fishing and buoyancy for safety).
4. The main application is snow and ice 90%, the rest is autumn and spring is snow with mud.
5. maximum use of ready-made serial parts and assemblies.
In connection with this project, I once again re-read the topics on "Tazik", "Luntik", "Barsik" and "Yukon" - these are ready-made all-terrain vehicles described on the site "Lunokhodov.Net". Many thanks to the authors of the projects for sharing their experience, best practices and drawings that they used.
Based on the experience of previous builders, outlined an approximate design
1. turn on a differential with a rear axle, but put a cylindrical one.
2.engine 2-cylinder, made in China with a cylinder volume of 690 cubic mm.
3.transmission: belt variator - 5-speed gearbox from VAZ - rear axle from VAZ.
4. dimensions 2500x1750 mm.
The rear axle is taken from the classic "Zhiguli". Sprockets are worn instead of wheels (drive wheels for caterpillars)
The beam was used. From disassembly, after checking for straightness, I cut off the excess and immediately cleaned it, cleaned it with petal circles with 40 grain. It turned out quite quickly, 1.5-2 hours for everything, and the cleaning took about 30 minutes. But this time is then saved on welding and painting.
The engine is made in China.
Drawings have been developed for the production of guides, which are fixed to the inner side of the track belt and prevent the tracks from coming off during movement and turns.
Factory half shaft.
The half-axle is bought, find the difference! Therefore, it was decided to leave the factory axle shafts, but with the replacement of bearings.
I bought belts for the production of caterpillars in a rubber goods store at a repair plant in Perm.
More details: what is "increased strength" ??? In numbers. 4 spacers are good, 12 mm is not a lot?
The strength of the tape is created by the gaskets - the rest is rubber, which itself does not bear a load, BUT protects the gaskets from damage. For example, I took one so that on one side (outer) it was 3-4 mm, and on the other (inner) - 1 mm. From the inside, damage is practically not expected, and the extra thickness means excess weight and not small! As for the spacers - they are ALWAYS of the same thickness - 1mm, the rest is from their number!
By area: I took 4 pieces. with a length of 6.5 m, width-150mm, thickness-8mm, ply-7. It turned out to be 10 thousand rubles.
He began to cook the frame of the future all-terrain vehicle. Someone calls a frame, someone a boat, someone a frame, and the author calls this structure a keel, since the all-terrain vehicle is more intended for navigation.
The rounded front keel should improve the floating quality of the car.
It was decided to make an all-terrain vehicle without a balancer, as it is intended for travel in winter, the roads are smoother, the weight of the structure is reduced, and it is technically easier to execute.
The frame is assembled with road wheels on both sides, the wheels are the most common and common with R 13 from the VAZ, the bottom of the star is raised from the floor level by 350 mm, the wheel is 570 mm in diameter.
Preparing tracks for making tracks.
Mounting plates.
Drilling template.
Pre-drilled holes in the conveyor belts for making the caterpillar.
Drilling holes according to the template.
Assembly.
A device for drilling holes in rubber using the punch method, but here you do not need to hit the punch, it is clamped into the drill chuck and the rubber is cut, very good holes are obtained and less effort is needed.
You can watch the video how this is done.
Photo of the device clamped into the drill chuck.
Photo of a device for folding pressure plates and bent plates.
One caterpillar is ready.
Safety precautions. In order not to hurt to beat against the ends of the pipe and not to scratch, it is better to protect yourself, at least with gloves.
The caterpillar is wrapped around the sprocket, all tracks are in contact with the teeth.
Front view.
The tensioning mechanism is made so that both sloths are tensioned at the same time, there are pros and cons to this method. Plus, the largest is the same tension of the tracks, provided that the tracks are the same during manufacture and are equally stretched, simplicity in execution and more reliable fastening of the sloth axis. Subject to these conditions, the straightness of the ride is ensured.
Cons - poor sealing of the boat, since the sloth's shaft passes inside the boat, if one caterpillar flew off, then both sides relax in order to put on. Also, to be removed for repair if necessary.
Plates for fastening tensioning mechanisms.
Beams and reinforcements are welded.
Fastening the bridge.
Installation disc brakes to the bridge from the VAZ, due to the braking of the driving wheels, the all-terrain vehicle will turn while driving.
The guides are from the inner side of the caterpillar, on the upper bend along the edges of the canine, they are pressed by 9 mm, this is with a plate width of 40 mm, the steel thickness is 2.5 mm. this is the limit for a press with a force of 10 tons.
Guides, with a plate welded inside for attaching to tracks.
Tool for making guide plates using a press.
This will guide the track along the tension wheel.
The guide plate touches the brake hose from the disc brakes on the sprocket, so you need to change the brake hoses and install them from the "Niva".
Clearances for the track to run over the track sprocket are acceptable.
All plates are chopped and folded.
The caterpillar is the most labor-intensive and labor-intensive part of the all-terrain vehicle.
The caterpillar and sprocket must interact with each other without jamming in and out of the star. Verification completed.
Watch the video.
Installing the engine.
Installing the clutch and gearbox.
Installing the cardan.
The variator on the engine pulley. Transmission - so far only positive results, the Kayurov variator works with the Chinese engine very clearly. At first, there were problems with releasing the belt at idle, but after adjusting the carb, everything returned to normal. Releases completely at about 1000-1100 engine rpm, setting at about 1500-1700 rpm. Fully compressed by about 2500-2800 rpm.
I could not understand why by ear the maximum revs are less than 3000 rpm, then I saw the throttle limit bolt turned completely, the Chinese, apparently, tightened it for a quiet break in, also completed the control levers.
The first departure took place. First impressions are great.
Everything I said about differential rotation is not entirely true. There are moments about which a little later. The all-terrain vehicle turned out so far quite light and nimble.
He rolls around the garage with his hands into one, turns into 2 people. In the video, the surface is packed with snow, the first and third of the gas transmission, I press the levers with one finger, there is almost no noise from the stars.
I finished working with the controls (gear shift and gas drive), and also made a frame for protecting the cardan. I made a small trip. Now everything works well. Tomorrow I will disassemble everything for welding the boat and painting.
Dismantled the all-terrain vehicle for welding and painting.
I turned it over on my back.
I boiled the bottom, the sides remained and can be painted.
The braces are installed.
The pulley shaft is inside the casing.
Boiled sides and painted.
I painted everything inside.
Gearbox outside with oil filler plug and differential.
The article is based on materials from the site - source link
The construction of this all-terrain vehicle started with a simple forum post. In general, I wrote what I needed tracked all-terrain vehicle to move through the swamp, the main thing is to be simple and reliable, speed is not required, lizh would be driving. I also wrote that I was ready to order a similar device if someone from the forum's inhabitants took up the construction. The members of the forum certainly helped, threw in ideas and provoked me even more on the topic of the all-terrain vehicle. In general, I began to look for information, watch other homemade products. As a result, I began to do it myself and started with the simplest and cheapest that I found, and I found this photo of a walk-behind tractor with a cart.
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It took a lot of time to repeat the design, as many as two days to put the wheels on the tracks and the all-terrain vehicle was ready. At first, I didn’t want to start all this because I thought that I wouldn’t pull it and that it’s all difficult, but still I was tempted by the simplicity of such an all-terrain vehicle. As a result, two days of work and skated the whole season.
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Of course, this unit can hardly be called an all-terrain vehicle, since it is only front-wheel drive, and it is not very good in swamps, and uphill is also problematic. In general, this is not what it is, so a cart with a motor of potatoes is brought from the field, and off-road is not for him.
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I wanted something passable and, in general, decided to start building an all-terrain vehicle from scratch, also according to a design spied from the Internet, I also liked the simplicity and the way it drives. Here's a sample to review.
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First of all I got cameras, not big ones, but I didn't want big ones at first. I took two cameras so that the little one would go inside the big one, this is for greater buoyancy, I wanted him to also swim.
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A month later, in November, I made discs for cameras. Since he is not a welder himself and does not have his own welding, I had to contact a welder. Together we mastered four discs.
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After some time, I began to figure out what's what, not just it turned out, although it seems simple at first glance. I decided not to rush, and it got cold in December, so I postponed the idea until spring.
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At the beginning of spring, he set to work again, collected front-wheel drive, this is his first option for placing nodes.
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Then he decided to rework and connect on the axle shafts with the central shaft where there is a large drive sprocket.
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I estimate the position of the steering wheel.
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It sucks when there is no welding and you have to ask the welder, and even spend money on it, in general, I decided to become a welder myself. I bought a welding machine, a mask and other things necessary for welding and began to study right away in practice. As a result, I left, while the truth is not temporary Zhiguli wheels, but still on my own.
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Already in June I put the karakat on chamber wheels.
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The first trips and tests revealed that the dual cameras did not perform well. Large cameras slide off small ones, small ones become oblique because of turns, since there is no differential. But I didn’t want to remake the disks for single cameras, so I shod the karakat in "rags", although it was not fast, but it worked out.
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After that, the all-terrain vehicle began to actively roll in, along the way, changes and design adjustments were made. To date, the all-terrain vehicle is debugged and ready to overcome swamps, mud and other things, even floats. Below in the photo we accept water procedures. In the photo I rent it back to move into the reservoir, it seems easier to move down the steep slope into the water.
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So we swim
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A few words to those who want to build something like that on their own. First, get ready for big expenses, which will be much more than you bargain for. Secondly, it takes a lot of time to build, it's not easy without drawings, without a plan, and without experience. You have to figure it out 20 times, weld it, then cut it off and redo it. It's easier to buy something ready-made than to do it yourself without knowing how, you don't know what. But if there is a great desire, patience, then even crooked hands if you straighten them for a long time, then something worthwhile will turn out.
»From the material presented by the author, you will learn how he assembled his tracked all-terrain vehicle, using auto parts from Soviet cars. off-road is Sergey from the city of Pskov, if you wish, you can find him on the forum "Lunokhodov.net" the designer and author of this all-terrain vehicle. The work was very serious, difficult and painstaking, not everything worked out the first time, there were alterations, improvements - this despite the fact that the master had previously made drawings and sketches, carried out the appropriate calculations. During the tests, changes were made to the chassis design, namely, the balancers were shortened by 80 mm. The rest of the car turned out to be excellent, thanks to the author's golden hands and his professionalism.
And so, let's take a closer look at the entire creation process. And we also find out what exactly the master needed to assemble it?
Materials (edit)
- VAZ 2102 engine
- disks
- profiled square tube
- bridge "classic"
- battery
- windshield
- differential
- disc brakes
- seating
- conveyer belt
- sheet steel 2 mm
Instruments
- welding machine
- Bulgarian
- drill
- lathe
- calipers
- set of wrenches
- track link machine
- paint spray
- hammer
- hacksaw for metal
- pliers
- file
- screwdriver
- sandpaper
The process of creating the all-terrain vehicle "Barsik".
And so, first of all, the author made detailed drawing future car, applied all the necessary dimensions and designations, that's actually what he got. And before that, you can visually familiarize yourself with the all-terrain vehicle directly in action and watch the video footage filmed by the author and his friends at the excavation site and the artifact of the Second World War being raised from the swamp.
The drawing shows 3 rollers, 2 on a balancing suspension and one rear in a stationary position. After the drawings, the author proceeded to manufacture the drive sprocket, it is located in the front of the suspension and is front-wheel drive. 
This is how it looks when installed. 
The master makes the tracks from a profiled square tube, where the edges are crumpled in a homemade machine, fangs are welded on. 
And here is the machine itself for the manufacture of these same tracks. 
The resulting tracks are attached to a conveyor belt. 
Frame. 
Suspension. 
Engine 
The engine compartment is ventilated by 2 fans. 
Battery compartment. 
Governing bodies. 
Painting. 
Installing the engine. 
And here is the final view of the all-terrain vehicle. 
Here is such a wonderful all-terrain vehicle turned out by our master. By the way, the author is a member of the patriotic society of search engines and with his comrades is looking for military equipment in the places of combat battles of the Great Patriotic War, in general, the guys are doing a good job. We wish them good health and good luck!
