Modern tractors are used in almost all industries. However, these powerful and productive machines are useless without additional equipment... It is the attachments that determine the scope of the technology, ensure its performance and functionality.
This also applies to small-sized modifications. It is worth clarifying right away that mini-tractors are used mainly in agriculture and housing and communal services. Therefore, attachments for a mini-tractor can be conditionally divided into two groups. Let's get acquainted with each of the categories in more detail.
For the needs of public utilities
It is worth clarifying that mini-tractors are rarely used in construction and housing and communal services. Technique simply does not have enough power to perform some types of work. For example, dismantling asphalt pavements or laying utility lines in frozen soil.
However, if the work does not require large tractive efforts or large-sized equipment cannot cope with the tasks set, mini-tractors are taken up.
Among the attachments used in construction and housing and communal services, the following units can be distinguished:
When performing work, it is necessary to select attachments in accordance with the tractive effort of the tractor. If unsuitable devices are used, damage to the hydraulic system and the engine of the equipment is possible.
For agricultural activities
Modern farms are focused on various fields of activity. In particular, farmers are engaged not only in planting and harvesting cultivated plants, but also in breeding cattle and poultry.
An integrated approach to business is the key to business prosperity. Accordingly, a mini-tractor must perform a full cycle of work: from pre-planting soil preparation to the preparation of vegetable feed for livestock.
With this in mind, a self-respecting farmer's arsenal should include different categories of attachments. This is what manufacturers offer for farming.
Mini tractor plows
This equipment is designed for processing the topsoil. Please note that for small-sized equipment, mounted plows are mainly used: the weight of the equipment is completely borne by the tractor hitch.
By design features plows are divided into ploughshare, rotary and disc plows. The equipment is selected depending on the area of the field and the complexity of the soil.
Rotary mower
Such units are suitable for work with tractors, whose power varies in the range of 12-25 liters. with. The equipment is designed for mowing grass, chopping and placing the bevel in swaths or mows.
The models on the market differ in the device, the method of aggregation to the tractor and productivity. For mini-tractors, units are suitable, the frame of which consists of one or two beams with cutting elements installed on them.
The effort required to operate the mower is transmitted through the power take-off shaft or the drive of the wheel chassis. The best option will use a baler together with the mower, which will form a bevel into bales, facilitating subsequent transportation and storage.
These products simplify the potato planting process while minimizing human intervention. The unit consists of an independent wheelbase, a steel frame, furrow openers and a seed hopper.
Please note that almost all models can apply fertilizer to the beds and close the furrow using special discs.
It is worth noting that a potato digger is used for harvesting. This unit is also attached to the rear hitch of the mini-tractor, providing not only the extraction of tubers, but also the cleaning of potatoes from tops and soil residues.
According to the principle of operation, potato diggers are subdivided into conveyor and vibrating (screening) models.
Soil tiller
The main purpose of this category of attachments is pre-planting soil preparation. In particular, in the process of operation, the top layer of the soil is loosened, with simultaneous grinding of the remnants of weeds.
Please note that rotary tillers are not used in areas with a lot of stones and tree roots.
Cultivator
In addition to planting agricultural crops, plants need care at all stages of growth. For example, to get a bountiful harvest, you need to process the aisles, do mulching and weed weeds.
In the farms of many agrarians and summer residents, you can see equipment made with my own hands... Similar units were made according to the drawings compiled by them, because they know everything about the peculiarities of the soil, as well as what requirements need to be taken into account for the units themselves. Such equipment, if done correctly, can last a long time, doing all the work needed.
Pros and cons of homemade designs
From the advantages of self-assembled technology, the following positions can be noted:
- even a person with low qualifications can make attachments;
- any attachment made in artisanal conditions costs quite inexpensively;
- to create equipment and repair it, you will need a standard set of tools;
- it is possible to enhance certain features of the device;
- from a safety point of view, attachments can be created at a very high level.
Among the shortcomings, the following criteria stand out:
- customization and maintenance homemade equipment Is a painstaking laborious process that requires skill and proper qualifications from the owner;
- during the entire service life, it is required to monitor the operation of the unit with special attention.
Attachment manufacturing
Attachments is divided into the following types:
- to prepare the soil for planting crops;
- for harvesting and processing.
Before installing equipment on a mini-tractor, drawing up drawings, determining dimensions, you should understand:
- type of construction;
- features of the technology (advantages and disadvantages);
- cash and energy costs.
The most popular attachments for farmers, which are assembled by hand, can be distinguished:
- plow- designed to prepare the soil for sowing (usually it is connected to the rear suspension);
- harrows- provide soil preparation;
- potato planter- works with engines that have a capacity of more than 23 liters. with.;
- rake- an effective tool for cultivating the land, has a size of 1.2 to 3.2 meters, the engine power must be more than 14 liters. with.;
- cultivator- provides proper care for plants during the growing season;
- sprayer- a device for processing agricultural areas with mineral fertilizers;
- potato digger, conveyor digger- designed for harvesting root crops (rear suspension is required to work with this technique);
- trailed equipment, automatic coupler- equipment is necessary for the transportation of various goods;
- snow rotor, rotary snow blower, rotary snow blower- the units are used for clearing snow drifts in the cold season;
- scythe, knife, cutter- tools for working with the ground;
- manipulator- a mini-unit with a dozer blade, which can be equipped with a mounted excavator or a loader.
Ladle
Especially in demand such devices:
- buckets:
- KUHNs;
- snow shovels.
KUHNs are very often made in artisanal conditions, and in terms of quality they are in no way inferior to factory products. When making a KUHN for a front-end unit or as an attachment, diagrams and drawings are required. You should also carefully calculate the performance characteristics of the equipment, its carrying capacity.
Typically, such attachments are made of 5 mm steel sheet. To create a KUHN, as well as a bucket or snow shovel, you will need the following tools:
- nippers;
- welding machine;
- clamps;
- Workbench;
- pliers;
- hammer;
- impeller.
You will also need guides and supports, which are made from tubes with a diameter of 45 and 80 mm. Additionally, it is necessary to install a hydraulic booster - its diameter should be about 25 mm. Another tube is welded to the front to secure the perpendicular elements.
Creation of a hinged unit. To cut the pipe, an impeller with a circle "10" is used. To do this, it is necessary to implement a deviation from the edge in order to ensure the correct bend of the bucket. A profile is welded from the bottom of the pipe. Often there is a need to weld cross members, which will create an additional stiffness factor.
The bucket is fastened with an A-piece. Additionally, the unit is fixed with longitudinal beams. A particularly important component is the hydraulic lifting device.
In order for it to work smoothly, all elements must be carefully adjusted. Only a highly qualified master can make a hydraulic lift on his own, therefore it is much easier to borrow a block from a semitrailer 2 PTS-6. To fix the bucket, a front-mounted suspension is required.
Planter
Potato diggers are installed on a mini-tractor, which can heap up to 35 acres of land. This configuration requires only one conveyor and a container for 100 kg of potatoes. Also, sometimes double-row units are used - they are suitable in format for powerful tractors. The planter (seeder) is made of a sturdy frame on which various blocks are mounted:
- axle with grouser (several pieces);
- gears (2 pcs.);
- conveyor;
- tubes for feeding.
Often, an additional plow clings to the frame in order to make a furrow in which the tubers are planted. Also, a disc hiller is attached to the rear of the frame to sprinkle potatoes. If everything is put together correctly, then the process of work will take place in automatic mode. To create a planter with your own hands, you will need the following elements:
- corner "4", a rectangular pipe is also suitable, the wall thickness of which should be at least 3 mm;
- axle with fixed bearings;
- two gears and a chain;
- cone container (PVC material can be used);
- steel wire;
- lugs (they can be made from gas cylinders).
Of the tools you will need:
- Bulgarian;
- disks;
- welding machine;
- drill;
- drill;
- screwdrivers.
First, a 65x35 cm frame is created. For this, a 45 mm thick pipe is suitable. An axle with an "asterisk" is placed on it, which will become the main drive.
The lugs are cut out of gas cylinders (the cut goes in a circle) - thus, rings 7-12 cm wide are obtained. Hubs are welded onto them, which are attached using studs.
The wheels are removable. Then a container is built - it can be made of PVC sheets or tin. One container can hold approximately a bag of potatoes (50 kg).
Then the conveyor is assembled. Here it is necessary to put a chain with cells no more than 6.5 cm.
Lift
Lifting various weights (up to 800 kg at a height of 3.5 meters) can be realized using a mechanical device. In this case, you can use the "hydraulics" of the suspension.
The design is not laborious, but it is not always convenient to use it. Another lifting mechanism can be made.
To make a lift, you will need the following components:
- corner "8";
- sheet steel (6 mm);
- corner jumpers "4";
- two kerchiefs and eyelets.
A groove is made in the rear jumper - it is needed for fixing (it is equipped with a "triangle").
All elements are fastened, holes with a diameter of 24 mm are drilled for engagement. The boom is anchored at the top of the tip - this creates a lever that provides lift height.
The boom is made from the corner "8". A channel is welded along the entire length as an attachment. All joints are reinforced with welded plates. The upper part is equipped with a hook that bends at an angle of 45 degrees. A ball joint is attached to the other end.
An additional guide is made (65 mm). Holes are drilled along the length (4-6 pcs.) So that you can fix the equipment under different operating modes.
Hiller
The triple hiller is one of the most demanded agricultural tools, which is practically not inferior in purpose to a plow or a winch. It allows you to create furrows in which various crops are planted. The hiller moves along the beds, while his "wings" quickly pour soil into the holes, which already contain potato seedlings.
The hiller is the simplest tool in design, which has a single working width, while it looks like two wings fastened and spread apart.
When working with a hiller, the width of the beds is adjusted for a specific tool, but not vice versa. Manufacturers make devices with a working width of 24-32 cm, which does not always meet the needs of private farms.
Hillers are divided into several types. The simplest and most popular of them is a hiller for a small area. This unit is of the propeller type. It is put on a mini-tractor, which has forward and reverse gears.
The principle of operation is as follows: special propellers loosen the soil, weed weeds, then the beds are covered with thinned soil. Work takes place in second gear with a torque of up to 190 rpm.
To make the simplest hiller, you will need to use 3 mm metal. Fragments of the product are bent until the radii coincide. Then you should weld them 2-3 times. Seams are processed and protected so that the surface is smooth. The "wings" are made using the same method.
Harrow
Manufacturer prices for harrows vary from 15 to 65 thousand rubles. For this reason, such a device is easier to make on your own, because it will cost several times cheaper, and it will perform the work no worse than the original version.
Before the land is plowed, it must be properly prepared. A disc harrow is best suited for this. The weight of the product ranges from 190 to 700 kg, the grip can be from 1 to 3 m. Several discs can be put on the model, the tillage depth will be about 20 cm.
Harrows are divided into the following types:
- rotor-powered;
- disk;
- dental.
The first type removes soil in layers, the thickness of the cut can vary from 3 to 9 cm. This indicator can be controlled. It is also important to take into account the area of the allotment on which you will have to work when designing the harrow. The strip width varies from 750 to 1450 mm.
When properly designed, the blade has a sharp angle, which allows it to penetrate the ground with maximum momentum, dissecting it and destroying weed roots at the same time. The disc harrow is used on dry soils, and a special disc in the form of an asterisk loosens the soil in such an aggregate. On one shaft there can be up to 5-7 such disks - it all depends on the power of the engine.
Sizes range from 20 to 40 mm. With the chassis, hitching takes place either by means of a spring strut or by means of hinges.
The simplest harrow by design is a tooth harrow. It may be enough for soil processing. By appearance it resembles a lattice with teeth. A good grip can be an ordinary bar with holes that fit into the tube of the trailed unit, while the rod is fixed.
After the unit is assembled, dynamic chains are welded between the hook and the chassis.
The grate is cooked from blocks or fittings. Sometimes pipes with a perpendicular section are used, while the walls must be at least 3.5 mm thick.
Attachments for tractors are his main working tool. Depending on the type and complexity of the attachment, the tasks that the tractor can perform change. Without a normal coupling mechanism that allows the PTO to transmit torque and reliably connect the actuator to the hydraulic system, efficient work on the tractor is impossible.
Two main types of attachments
The equipment used on the tractor can be divided into two main groups. The main determinant of these groups is the tractor hitch mechanism, which is conventionally divided into front and buildings. Depending on whether the executive working tool is mounted in front or behind the tractor, the efficiency, efficiency, and working capabilities of the equipment change.
The front linkage system is a rigid fastening mechanism. Its design and dimensions depend on the type of agricultural equipment that is planned to be fixed to the frame. There are a lot of options for how to make a tractor attachment with your own hands in the front.
But this type of hitch has three significant disadvantages:
- To use a plow, harrow and mechanisms similar in working use, it will be necessary to move backwards, which is very inconvenient.
- Serious efficient workloads are not possible in this case.
- Sometimes it is impossible to connect and use a side PTO in an attachment.
On the other hand, for simple tasks or for attaching auxiliary equipment, the possibility of hitching the working mechanisms from the front can increase the efficiency of the tractor. Still, the vast majority of agricultural machinery is attached to the rear of the tractor.
Features of the three-point linkage system
The three-point linkage for the tractor is a separate mechanical unit that is mounted on its hydraulic system behind the cab. It allows you to expand the possible working options for using the tractor, as it helps to effectively use and quickly change wide-coverage mounted executive devices. The system is a special unit that includes two longitudinal and one central link.
With the help of the central link, the working force of rotation of the power take-off shaft (PTO) is transmitted and the working angles of the executive equipment are adjusted. But this attachment to a tractor assumes the use of only those units that, during operation, move along a strictly specified trajectory with a small tolerance of oscillations to the sides. Agricultural equipment that does not meet these parameters requires its own mounting option. This can be clarified by examining the accompanying documentation that is attached to any agricultural mechanism.
11.03.2014 09:07
With the help of various attachments, any tractor turns into a multifunctional machine capable of performing a wide range of different jobs. First of all, tractors with attachments are designed for soil cultivation (plowing, cultivation, planting, harvesting, and much more) and various goods in the process of agricultural activity. In addition, attachments allow you to perform other tasks, including in utilities and construction companies. A set of attachments for one tractor makes it possible to replace several types of special equipment at once.
Types of attachments for a tractor
Today, attachments to a tractor are classified into several groups, depending on the purpose:
tillage devices;
planting and seeding machines;
equipment for fertilization and plant protection;
devices for harvesting and storing feed;
post-harvest equipment, etc .;
In turn, each group of attachments is subdivided into several types depending on the principle of operation, the method of aggregation, the type of working bodies, and so on. Depending on the type of work performed, attachments can be universal ( general purpose) or special.
Tillage Attachments
In daily activities, attachments designed for soil cultivation are most often used. Depending on the processing method, aggregates are distinguished for basic, surface and special soil processing.
Basic processing equipment is plows and flat-cut cultivators. For surface treatment, plows, harrows, rollers and cultivators are used. Special attachments include plantation, disc, forest, bush-swamp and other types of plows.
Mounted plows are compact in size and are used for the main cultivation of relatively small plots of land. The main working bodies of the plow are the body, the knife, the skimmer and the furrower. Depending on the number of bodies, one, two or multi-body units are distinguished. Plows can be plowshares, disc plows, rotary plows, tillage or chisel plows.
Mounted harrows are disc, tooth, needle, mesh, trailing harrows and others. In turn, they can be light, medium and heavy. Harrows are used for loosening the upper layers of the soil, breaking up clods and crust of the soil, destroying weeds, as well as embedding fertilizers and seeds.
Suspended cultivators are made of ploughshare or disc type. They provide loosening of the upper layers of the earth, crushing plant residues and embedding them in the soil. Plowshares allow to cultivate the soil to a depth of 50-110 mm, and disc ones, respectively, 40-100 mm.
Mounted cultivators are classified into two types: row-crop or steam. Tillage devices are used for inter-row cultivation, and steam units provide continuous tillage. Cultivators allow you to loosen the top layer, destroy weeds, apply fertilizers, cut irrigation furrows and huddle plants.
