When you need to more accurately characterize any object or phenomenon (or their properties), describe them more specifically and expressively, intelligibly, so that the interlocutor understands your thought more fully, homogeneous members of the sentence come to your aid. Without them, your thought will lose completeness and clarity.

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Homogeneous members─ these are characteristics that relate exclusively to one object; in a sentence they will be subordinated to only one word. They describe various aspects of the same person, action or quality.

I love bread, especially wheat and rye.

In this simple sentence with homogeneous members they are adjectives"rye" and "wheat". In another example:

The street became brighter with sunshine and smiles.

─ this nouns.

But homogeneous members may turn out to be any part of speech: verb, noun, adverb.

We worked, strained ourselves and worked hard at this construction site for centuries.

How to identify homogeneous groups of sentence words in a simple sentence

It is very easy to identify such members of a sentence. They are subordinated only to the word that they characterize; they can be classified as same question. Moreover, they are independent of each other.

Lena loves dancing, rhythmic music and fitness.

In this case, these are words related to the subject “Lena” and answer the question of what exactly she likes. They are nouns. If we remove one or another addition from the example, the meaning of the sentence will not change, but we will learn less about Lena’s tastes. At the same time, homogeneous members can be main or secondary in a sentence.

For example:

Identification of homogeneous members

In a sentence, homogeneous words can be distinguished using:

It's important to remember that commas must be placed before the second conjunction, when you write a sentence in which words are connected in this way!

How to emphasize homogeneous members?

When analyzing a sentence in a written text, homogeneous members are emphasized equally, depending on what function they perform in the sentence. Predicates are underlined as predicates (with a double solid line), definitions are underlined as definitions (with a wavy line), and so on.

It is important to remember that in the analyzed text in one phrase there may be several groups of similar words at once, and they may well turn out to be different parts of speech.

The hyacinths, crocuses and azaleas in this park were fragrant and intoxicated my head with their scent.

In this simple phrase quickly two groups are defined: three subjects and two predicates. The first group should be emphasized as subjects (nouns, names of colors), the second group of words - as predicates, with two solid words.

Phraseological phrases

With phraseological units, a more difficult case awaits you in terms of punctuation. Remember that in stable phrases, commas are never used. There are not so many of them, you can just memorize them:

• Both old and young.
• Neither fish nor fowl.
• And so on.

You just need to analyze the text very carefully and train your own memory on phraseological units. Not such a difficult matter!

1. Homogeneous members of the sentence- these are the members of the sentence that
are related to the same word in a sentence and usually answer
same question. These are also the same members of the sentence,
united with each other by a creative connection.

Homogeneous members can be both major and minor members
offers.

Here's an example:
The old carpenter Vasily and his apprentice do the work slowly,
thoroughly.

In this sentence there are two rows of homogeneous members: homogeneous
the subjects Vasily and the student correspond to one predicate -
perform;
homogeneous circumstances of the course of action slowly, thoroughly
depend on the predicate (perform (how?) slowly, thoroughly).

2. Homogeneous members are usually expressed by the same part of speech.

Let's give an example: Vasily and the student are nouns in
nominative case.

But homogeneous members can also be morphologically heterogeneous:

A young lady of about thirty-two entered, glowing with health, with
laughing lips, cheeks and eyes.
In this sentence, among homogeneous definitions, the first is expressed
noun phrase in the genitive case (age thirty-two),
the second – a participial phrase (blazing with health), the third –
a combination of three nouns in the instrumental case with a preposition with
with dependent participle (with laughing lips, cheeks and eyes).

Note. Sometimes a coordinating connection can connect and
opposite members of a sentence.
Let's give an example: It is not clear who and how distributed it throughout the region
news of the birth of a white boy.
Conjunctive words in a subordinate clause are different members
sentences (subject who and adverbial manner of action how, but
They are connected by a coordinating conjunction and).

3. Homogeneous members are connected by coordinating conjunctions and intonation or just intonation. If homogeneous terms are separated by a comma, then
commas are placed only between them. Before the first homogeneous member,
There are no commas after the last homogeneous term.

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members X.

A) Non-union connection - a comma is placed between homogeneous members.

* , *, *
Here's an example:
A strange, motley, dense life passed with terrible speed.

Single connecting unions(and, yes=and) or disjunctive conjunctions
(either, or) – a comma is not placed between homogeneous terms.

* And *; * or *.

Here's an example:
She cried and stamped her feet;
Here and there along the road you come across a white birch or a weeping willow.

Note.
Conjunctions and, yes and, yes can have a connecting meaning. These unions
They introduce not homogeneous, but connecting members of the sentence. In that
In this case, a comma is placed before the conjunction.
Here's an example:
People made fun of her, and rightfully so.
“People made fun of her, and rightly so;
Why would you order an artist, and a bad one at that, to draw?
- Why would you order an artist to draw, and a bad one at that?

Opposing alliances(but, but, but, however=but, yes=but) – a comma between
homogeneous members are placed.
*, A *; *, But *; *, however *; *, but *

Let's give an example: He looks handsome, but young;
Now the lake shimmered not entirely, but only in a few places;
Our kindergarten is small, but cozy.

D) Double and paired unions(if not..., if not..., then; not
so much..., so; although..., but also; both..., not only..., and; but also;
How many; as much... as; not that..., but; Not really...,
a) – a comma is placed between homogeneous terms.
Not only but *; both * and *; although *, but also *.

Here's an example:
The rainbow stretched not only over the outskirts of the city, but also far away
around;
I have instructions from both the judge and all our friends to reconcile
you and your friend;
For Vasily Vasilievich, although familiar, the power of Erofey was heavy
Kuzmich.

Homogeneous members can be combined with a general word. Generalizing
the word is the same member of the sentence as other homogeneous
members, answers the same question, but has a general meaning:

A generalizing word denotes the whole, and homogeneous members denote parts of it.
whole:

Outside the city, from the mountain, a village was visible: square blocks, wooden
buildings, overflowing gardens, church spiers;

A generalizing word denotes a generic (general concept), and homogeneous
members – specific (more particular concepts):

Birds screamed shrilly: roosters, geese, turkeys (Fadeev).

Generalizing words are expressed by different parts of speech, but most often
pronouns and pronominal adverbs and nouns:

The forest is always beautiful: both on winter days and in spring (always -
pronominal adverb); Everything is here: both the building and the greenery - I perceived
especially I (everything is a pronoun).

Self-control task:
1. Find homogeneous members in these sentences.
What parts of speech are they expressed by?
Explain the spelling of the highlighted words, analyze them according to their composition
a) Visitors to the exhibition examined metal products with interest,
glass vases, national costumes, embroidery, jewelry from
mother of pearl brought from distant islands.
b) People came to the meeting to exchange experiences, to understand the assumptions
mistakes, outline a plan for further work.
c) Edward walked quickly, with a measured step, without looking around.

Homogeneous are called members of the proposal, answering the same question, relating to the same member of the sentence and performing the same syntactic function (i.e., occupying the position of one member of the sentence).

They have equal rights, do not depend on each other and are one and the same member of the sentence. They are connected to each other by a coordinative or non-conjunctive syntactic connection. The coordinating connection is expressed intonationally and with the help of coordinating conjunctions: single or repeated. The non-union connection is expressed intonationally.

For example: I like ice cream.I love ice cream, chocolate, cookie And cakes.

Laughing girls ran into the room.(A simple two-part common sentence.) Merry , laughing , screaming , flashy the girls ran into the room.(A simple two-part common sentence, complicated by homogeneous members.)

Homogeneous there can be everything members of the proposal: subjects, predicates, definitions, additions, circumstances.

For example:

- How boys, so girls passed the sports standards. (Boys and girls are homogeneous subjects.)
- In a large forest during a storm, trees moan, are crackling, break down. (Moan, crack, break - homogeneous predicates.)
- Yellow, blue, purple sheets of paper lay on the store counter. (Yellow, blue, violet are homogeneous definitions.)
- I loved books, constructors And cartoons.
(Books, construction sets, cartoons are homogeneous additions)
- We spent all our days in the forest or on the river.(In the forest, on the river– homogeneous circumstances).

Homogeneous members can be separated from each other by other members of the sentence.

For example: The heart is not opened with an iron key, but with kindness.

Homogeneous members of the sentence may be common or uncommon.

For example: The garden is fragrant with autumn freshness, leaves and fruits.

Most often, homogeneous members of a sentence are expressed words of one part of speech, but such homogeneous members are also possible that are expressed by words of different parts of speech, phrases and phraseological units. That is, homogeneous members can be grammatically formatted differently.

For example: The girl answered the exam smartly, sensibly, beautiful language. (Homogeneous circumstances expressed by adverbs smartly, sensibly and noun phrases in excellent language.)

Due to the sudden downpour, we soaked to the skin And frozen. (Homogeneous predicates, expressed by phraseological units, are wet to the skin and frozen by the verb.)

Complications by homogeneous members can be introduced into a sentence in different ways and be punctuated differently.

Homogeneous members of a sentence, as mentioned above, form a combination of words based on a coordinating and/or non-union connection. If these are minor members of the sentence, then the connection with the words on which they depend is subordinate.

Homogeneous members in oral speech are formed intonationally, and in written speech punctuationally.

One sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members.

For example:

Masha, Seryozha And Petya sat around the dining room table and painted. (Masha, Seryozha and Petya– homogeneous subjects – 1st row of homogeneous members; sat and drew– homogeneous predicates – 2nd row of homogeneous terms.)

Enumerative intonation and coordinating conjunctions are involved in the grammatical association of homogeneous members:

a) connecting: And ; Yes in meaning And ; neither ..., neither ; How ..., so and ; Not only ...,but also ; Same ; Also ;
b) adversative: A ; But ; Yes in meaning But ; but ; however ;
c) dividing: or ; or ; That ..., That ;not that ..., not that ; either ...,either .

For example:

Siberia has many features like in nature, So
and in human morals. (Union How …, so and – connecting.)

And the Baltic Sea, although not deep, but extensively. (Union But - nasty.)

In the evenings he or read, or watched TV.(Union or – dividing.)

In rare cases, homogeneous members can be connected by subordinating conjunctions (causal, concessive), for example:

For example:

It was useful because it is educational a game. Book interesting, although difficult. (In these examples, homogeneous members of the sentence: useful, because developing; interesting, although complex - are connected using subordinating conjunctions because, although.)

The following are not homogeneous members of the sentence:

1) repeated words used to emphasize a variety of objects, the duration of an action, its repetition, etc.

For example: We seemed to be floating in the air and were spinning, were spinning, were spinning. White fragrant daisies run under his feet back, back (Kuprin).

Such combinations of words are considered as a single member of the sentence;

2) repeating identical shapes connected by a particle not this way : believe it or not, try, don’t try, write like this, write like this, work like this, work like this;

3) combinations of two verbs, of which the first is lexically incomplete: I'll take it and tell you, I took it and complained, I'll go and have a look and so on.;

4) phraseological units like: neither fluff nor feather, neither back nor forth, for nothing about anything, neither light nor dawn, neither fish nor meat, neither give nor take, neither alive nor dead, and laughter and sin, and this way and that.

In them There is no comma.

Homogeneous are those members of a sentence that answer the same question and relate to the same member of the sentence or are explained by the same member of the sentence.

Compare two sentences:

I often getletters Andparcels . I oftenI get AndI'm sending letters

In the first sentence, two complements answer the question WHAT? and refer to the same predicate, and in the second sentence two predicates are explained by one common addition.

Homogeneous members are usually expressed by words of one part of speech, as was the case in the sentences above, but can also be expressed by different parts of speech. For example: He spoke slowly With long pauses. In this sentence, the first circumstance is expressed by an adverb, and the second by a noun with a preposition.

Homogeneous members in sentences can be extended, that is, they can have dependent words. Consider the following sentence carefully.

Guys filmedfrom the head of the cap andbowed.

Here there are two homogeneous predicates (REMOVED and BOWED): the first is common by circumstance (FROM THE HEAD) and the object (HATS), and the second is not common (it has no dependent words).

One sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members. For example:

The moon rose and illuminated the road, field and houses of the village.

The first row of homogeneous members in this sentence is created by predicates, the second - by complements.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions

The same word in a sentence can have several definitions, which can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. It is necessary to learn to distinguish between these two types of definitions, since homogeneous definitions in writing are separated by commas, and a comma is not placed between heterogeneous definitions.

1. Homogeneous definitions are pronounced with enumerative intonation and characterize an object on one side: by color, shape, size, and so on.

In the morning the sun hits the gazebo through purple, lilac, green and lemon foliage(Paustovsky).

This sentence contains four definitions for the word FOLIAGE; they are uniform, since they all name the color and are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration.

Heterogeneous definitions characterize an object from different angles and are pronounced without enumerative intonation, for example:

It was an unbearably hot July day(Turgenev).

The definition of HOT tells us about the weather, and the definition of JULY tells us what month this day was in.

Please note that homogeneous definitions can be connected by coordinating conjunctions, and if there are no conjunctions, they can be easily inserted. Compare the three sentences below.

He spoke German, French, and English.
He spoke German, French and English.
He spoke German, French, and English.

2. Homogeneous definitions cannot be expressed by adjectives belonging to different lexical categories.

If definitions are expressed by adjectives, then you can determine whether they need to be separated by commas in the following way. It is known that adjectives are divided into three categories: qualitative, relative And possessive . If one word has definitions expressed by adjectives of different categories, then these definitions will be heterogeneous.

His old woman is standing on the porchExpensive sablewarmer jacket(Pushkin).

The word DUSHEGREYKA has two definitions: DEAR (qualitative adjective) and SOBOLEY (relative adjective).

3. Definitions are considered heterogeneous if one definition is expressed by a pronoun or numeral, and the other by an adjective.

Look at the examples in the illustration.

Why don't you put it onyours newdress?
Finally we have waitedfirst warmdays.

4. Sometimes in works of art there may be sentences in which there are commas between definitions that characterize the subject from different sides.

Read sentences from the works of I. A. Bunin and A. P. Chekhov. In them, the authors strive to create a single, holistic idea of ​​an object or phenomenon, and such definitions can be considered homogeneous.

Has arrivedrainy, dirty, darkautumn(Chekhov).
Clear days have changedcold, bluish-gray, soundless(Bunin).

Punctuation in sentences with homogeneous members connected by coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions in Russian speech are divided into three categories: connective, divisive and adversative.

Meaning connecting unions can be conventionally designated by the phrase: “BOTH THIS AND THAT.” They connect two homogeneous members to each other. Meaning dividing conjunctions can be defined as follows: “EITHER THIS OR THAT.” Such unions indicate the possibility of only one homogeneous member out of several or their alternation. Meaning adversative unions is expressed differently: “NOT THIS, BUT THIS.” Opposite conjunctions contrast one homogeneous member with another. Consider examples of conjunctions of each category in the illustration.

Please note that the conjunction YES is written both in the column with connecting conjunctions and in the column with adversative conjunctions. The fact is that it can be used in two meanings. Compare two sayings: Without thread Yes needles cannot sew fur coats And Small spool Yes roads. In the first saying, the conjunction YES can be replaced by AND, and in the second - by BUT.

Some coordinating conjunctions consist of several words, for example, AS... AND; NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO. Such unions are called compound.

The placement of commas in sentences where homogeneous members are connected by coordinating conjunctions depends on what category they belong to.

Before coordinating conjunctions connecting homogeneous members, a comma is placed in three cases:

1) if in a sentence homogeneous members are connected by an adversative conjunction:
The berry is red,Yes tastes bitter. The task is difficultbut interesting;

2) if homogeneous members are connected by repeating unions:
It's noisy in the forest alone,And creepy,And funny(Fet);

3) if homogeneous members are connected by compound unions:
There will be a holidayNot only Today,but also Tomorrow..

Now let's turn to cases when there is no need to put a comma before conjunctions connecting homogeneous members.

1. If homogeneous members are connected by a single connecting or dividing conjunction, for example:

Minnows were splashing in the cageAnd perches.
In this forest in the pine trees you may notice a squirrelor woodpecker.

2. If unions combine homogeneous members into pairs, for example:

There were many knives in his collection And daggers, pistols And guns, decorated with precious stones.

3. If two homogeneous members are connected by repeating unions, but form a stable combination: BOTH DAY AND NIGHT, AND LAUGHTER AND SIN, NEITHER YES NOR NO, NEITHER TWO AND A AND A HALF, NEITHER BACK NOR FORWARD and others.

We were woken upneither lightneither dawn.

Punctuation marks in sentences with generalizing words

Read the proposal carefully.

Conifers grew near the housetrees: spruce, pine, fir.

In this example there are four subjects, but it is impossible to call them all homogeneous, because the first of them - the word TREES - unites the subsequent ones in its meaning, or, conversely, the last three subjects specify and clarify the meaning of the first. Between the first subject and the subsequent ones, you can insert the question: “Which ones exactly?”

If one of the words in a sentence is specified, clarified by a number of homogeneous members, then such a word is called generalizing . Please note: the generalizing word is the same member of the sentence as the homogeneous members.

Generalizing words in sentences can be expressed by different parts of speech, but pronouns are especially often used in this capacity, for example:

Neither noble family, nor beauty, nor strength, nor wealth - nothing can escape trouble.(Pushkin) or It has always been this way: a hundred and three hundred years ago.

Generalizing words can also be expressed as whole phrases, for example:

Every day old Moses began to bringvarious large fish : pike, ide, chub, tench, perch(Aksakov).

In this sentence, the combination will be DIFFERENT LARGE FISH.

In sentences with generalizing words, punctuation marks are placed in accordance with the rule of three main points.

1. If a generalizing word comes before homogeneous members, then a colon is placed after it.

Yellow maple leaves layeverywhere : cars.

2. If a generalizing word comes after homogeneous members, then a dash is placed in front of it.

On paths, on benches, on roofs cars – everywhere yellow maple leaves lay.

3. If a generalizing word comes before homogeneous members, and after them the sentence continues, then a colon is placed after the generalizing word, and a dash is placed after the homogeneous members.

Everywhere : on paths, on benches, on roofs cars – yellow maple leaves lay.

Exercise

He lay on his back and looked at the sky for a long time.

The outlines of trees, sprinkled with rain and agitated by the wind, began to emerge from the darkness (Turgenev).

Exhausted_dirty_wet, we reached the shore (According to Turgenev).

In the deep silence, the clinking of a nightingale (Bunin) could be heard clearly and cautiously throughout the garden.

I collected my goodies and returned to my sister (Bunin).

Dew glistened on the wet, fragrant, thick flowers and herbs (Bunin).

The clatter of hooves and the ringing of wheels echoed with thunder and reverberated from four sides (According to Gogol).

Songs and screams were heard louder and louder through the streets (Gogol).

We took a rubber inflatable boat with us and at dawn we went beyond the edge of the coastal water lilies to fish. (Paustovsky)

The waiter put cold and hot appetizers on the table, as well as the main dish - stuffed salmon.

From somewhere outside came the restlessly growing, mighty, menacing noise of a huge crowd (Babel).

I threw a heavy lead sinker at the she-wolf (Paustovsky).

From here one could see a large neglected garden (A. Gaidar).

The menu offered a large selection of white_red wine_ as well as carbonated drinks_ and juices.

Evgeny Schwartz grew up in the small provincial southern city of Maykop.

In the depths of the garden stood an awkward two-story shed, and under the roof of this shed fluttered a small red flag (Gaidar).

It’s especially good in the gazebo on quiet autumn nights, when the leisurely, vertical rain rustles in a low voice in the garden (Paustovsky).

There are many gas_electric stoves_ and ovens on display at the exhibition.

Ahead is a deserted September day (Paustovsky).

He packed not only clothes but also books into the suitcase.

He decided to pack either clothes or books in his suitcase.

He took out a suitcase and put there_ shirts_ and ties_ and an album with photographs.

The album contained photographs of his wife_ and relatives_ and friends.

In the depths of the garden there was a small outbuilding with small windows that did not open either in winter or in summer.

There were already pies_ and pancakes, pancakes_ and cheesecakes on the table.

I'll order_ either ice cream_ or strawberry juice.

I'll order ice cream_ or strawberry pie_ or cheesecake.

I will order_ not only ice cream_ but also apple pie.

Before, Yegorushka had never seen steamboats, locomotives, or wide rivers (Chekhov).

He is well acquainted with the life of the landowner and the peasant and bourgeois (Turgenev).

On the left side you can see vast fields, forests, three or four villages, and in the distance the village of Kolomenskoye with its high palace (Karamzin).

And the deceptive wave of the blue sea in the hours of fatal bad weather_ and the sling_ and arrow_ and the crafty dagger_ spare the winner for years (Pushkin).

The palisade was hung with bunches of dried pears and apples and airy carpets (according to Gogol).

There were a lot of flowers growing there: crane peas, porridge, bluebells, forget-me-nots, field carnations (Turgenev).

He knows a lot about everything that is important_ and interesting for a Russian person_ in horses_ and in cattle_ in the forest_ in bricks_ and in dishes_ in red goods_ and in leather goods_ in songs_ and dances (Turgenev).

The hare has many enemies: the wolf and the fox and man.

Whether at home or on the street or at a party, he felt someone’s gaze on him everywhere.

Tatyana prepared everything necessary for embroidery: multi-colored threads, beads, sequins, beads.

In our department store you can purchase various_ hats_ caps_ hats_ winter_ and sports hats.

Everywhere_ in the club_ on the streets_ on benches at the gates_ in houses_ noisy conversations took place (Garshin).

Everything merged, everything mixed up: earth_ air_ sky.

The next day, very tasty crayfish pies and lamb cutlets (Chekhov) were served for breakfast.

There were no human feelings left in him - neither love for his son nor compassion for his neighbor.

Deciduous trees_ aspen_ alder_ birch_ are still bare (Soloukhin).

The dew drops shimmered with all the colors of the rainbow: red_ yellow_ green_ purple.

It was joyfully young both in heaven and on earth and in the heart of man (Tolstoy).

1. _ and fatal secrets of the grave, fate_ and life in their turn_ everything was subject to their judgment (Pushkin).

And the shepherd driving the cows and the land surveyor riding in a chaise across the dam and the gentlemen walking all look at the sunset and every single one of them finds that it is terribly beautiful, but no one knows or will say what the beauty is (Chekhov).

And the fact that they were sitting in the living room, where everything, the chandelier in its case, and the armchairs, and the carpets underfoot, said that these same people, who were now looking out of the frames, had once walked, sat, and drank tea, and the fact that it was now silent here beautiful Pelageya walked - it was better than any stories (Chekhov).

Sometimes it happens that the clouds crowd in disarray on the horizon, and the sun, hiding behind them, paints them and the sky in all sorts of colors: crimson, orange, gold, purple, dirty pink; one cloud looks like a monk, another like a fish, the third like a Turk in a turban (Chekhov).

The glow covered a third of the sky, glitters in the church cross_ and in the glass of the manor's house_ reflects in the river_ and in the puddles_ trembles in the trees; far, far away against the background of dawn a flock of wild ducks is flying somewhere to spend the night... (Chekhov).

Imagine... a cropped head with thick, low-hanging eyebrows, a bird's nose, a long gray mustache, and a wide mouth, from which a long cherry chibouk protrudes; this head is clumsily glued to a skinny, hunchbacked body, dressed in a fantastic suit, a scanty red jacket and wide, bright blue trousers; this figure walked with his legs apart and shuffling shoes, spoke without removing his chibouk from his mouth, and carried himself with purely Armenian dignity, did not smile, did not widen his eyes, and tried to pay as little attention to his guests as possible.

A good conductor, conveying the composer’s thoughts, does twenty things at once: reads the score, waves his baton, follows the singer, moves towards the drum, then the horn, and so on. (Chekhov).

Alien people_ alien nature_ pathetic culture_ all this, brother, is not as easy as walking along Nevsky in a fur coat, arm in arm with Nadezhda Fedorovna_ and dreaming of warm lands (Chekhov).

Hatred for von Koren_ and anxiety_ all disappeared from the soul (Chekhov).

Homogeneous members of a sentence are called, answering the same question, performing the same syntactic function, relating to the same member of the sentence and interconnected by a coordinative connection. Ourlanguage - oursword , ourlight , ourLove , ourpride.

Homogeneous members are usually expressed by words of one part of speech, but can also be expressed by words of different parts of speech.

Homogeneous members can be common and non-widespread.

Common ones have dependent words. AND came up He, spread his wings, took a deep breath, sparkled his eyes And - rolled down .

A sentence may contain more than one row of homogeneous members. Russian people smart And understanding , diligent And hot to all good And beautiful .

Homogeneous members of the sentence are not:

• repeated words pronounced with the intonation of enumeration. Winters waited, waited nature . Words waited, waited are used in sentences to emphasize the multitude of objects or the duration of an action. Such combinations of words are considered as one member of a sentence;
• two verbs in the same form, acting as a single predicate (the second word has a particle Not or So). Shout or scream, like it or not, just walk like that .
• stable combinations with double conjunctions and...and, neither...nor. For example: this way and that, neither back nor forth, neither fish nor fowl .
• paired combinations of a synonymous, antonymic or associative nature, for example: sewn-covered, let's go, life-being, any-expensive, at the very least and so on.; questions and answers, buying and selling, up and down, back and forth and so on.; bread and salt, (by) mushrooms and berries, (by) hands and feet, brothers and sisters, grandchildren and great-grandchildren etc. Such combinations are not separated by a comma, but are joined by a hyphen;
• two verbs in the same form, indicating movement and its purpose or forming a semantic whole. Let's go talk to ourselves. Sit down and rest.

Homogeneous members are connected using coordinating conjunctions and intonation or only with the help intonation .

Homogeneous members of a sentence are combined coordinating conjunctions :

• connecting ( and, yes(= and) , no no): And the flowers are white Yes lush ;
• dividing ( or, then... then, either and etc.): He looked with suspicion That on the owner, That to the counselor ;
• adversative ( ah, but, yes(= but), however and etc.): She spoke little But sensibly .

In a sentence with repeated conjunctions, always by one comma fewer than homogeneous members.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions

Definitions there are homogeneous when each of them refers to the word being defined, that is, when they are interconnected by a coordinating connection and pronounced with enumerative intonation. Homogeneous definitions characterize an object or phenomenon from the same side (by color, material, properties, etc.). Powerful, violent, deafening rain poured onto the steppe .

Heterogeneous definitions happen when they characterize an object from different sides. In this case, there is no coordinating connection between the definitions and they are pronounced without enumerative intonation. Starlings serve as models kind hardworking family life.

Homogeneous members of the sentence and generalizing words

With homogeneous members there can be generalizing words, which are the same members of the sentence as homogeneous ones. The generalizing word stands either before or after homogeneous members. In the grass, in the dogwood and wild rose bushes, in the vineyards And in the trees - everywhere the cicadas were singing .