Presentation on the topic "Ancient People"(§ 1 of the textbook History ancient world for grade 5) consists of 11 slides containing 3 videos (“Climate change”, 01 min 47 sec, “Tools”, 00 min 22 sec and “Hunting methods”, 01 min 16 sec), 10 illustrations and diagrams .
Slides 3, 5, 7-10 have internal transitions.
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The presentation “Ancient People” was prepared as an illustrative material designed to help the teacher use the method of immersion in the past in the lesson.
Each teacher will create his own lesson architecture, but at first we all pay more attention to laying the foundation in the form of basic knowledge and skills.
Slide 4 with the video "Climate Change" should show the relationship between Nature and Man.
During the demonstration of the video, the teacher can talk about the changes on the Earth that contribute to the evolution of the human ancestor.
Teacher: The most ancient man was very similar to an animal, not only in appearance, but also in the ability to adapt to the environment. 8 million years ago, Africa was an impenetrable forest that gave our ancestors food, shelter, and protection. But at the thousand-kilometer depth of the ocean, processes began to occur that influenced both the appearance of Africa and the appearance of the human ancestor. Volcanic eruptions moved the plates, changing the surface of the earth. Where the future Hindustan collided with Asia, the plates began to crawl on top of each other, forming the 5-kilometer mountain ranges of the Himalayas. Here in the mountains the strongest storms and monsoons were formed, pouring rain, and Africa ceased to receive life-giving moisture with the air. The African tropics began to die out, and after millions of years only rare trees remained in place of dense forests. And the ancestors of man, in order to survive, were forced to get on their feet from all fours in order to see further while running from tree to tree and free their hands for the tools necessary for obtaining food. In order to survive, the ancestor of man had to evolve.
Slide 5” Appearance ancient man"
The task of this slide is aimed at developing different forms of cognition in students. The proposed image of a primitive man is accompanied by the task of the teacher - to describe the person, to find differences from modern man, to conclude why the primitive man had such external features.
In the course of the work, empirical research methods are activated: observation and description, and as a result of an analysis based on the knowledge and ideas of students, conclusions are drawn that carry new knowledge.
The results of independent analytical work of students are checked (and confirmed) by the theses of the slide.
Similar work can be carried out on Slide 10, where the impact on human development and the mastery of fire is considered.
Students may be asked to consider how fire affected the lives of primitive people and how people could benefit from it. The transition of the image on the slide also tests (and confirms) the conclusions of the students. Moreover, sometimes the conclusions of students are wider than the abstracts of the slide.
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Slides captions:
The life of primitive people The work was done by a primary school teacher Bochkareva L.M.
Primitive people are called people who lived before the invention of writing, before the appearance of the first states and large cities.
A long time ago, people looked very different. They looked like monkeys.
People didn't know how to talk yet. Lived in a group of 10-12 people.
They knew how to make the simplest tools from stone. © Zhadaev D.N., 2005 Stone tools of the ancient people
They could not hunt yet, so they took prey from predatory animals, and used sticks and clubs for this.
All people, animals and birds were very afraid of fire. But people realized that fire gives warmth and meat baked in coals is tastier.
Many years passed and people learned to hunt and make wooden spears with stone or bone tips. They ate the meat of animals, made clothes from the skin, and tools from the bones.
Even the most intelligent animals are not able to invent tools. Only people knew how to sharpen stones, grind digging sticks, or perform other work.
© Zhadaev D.N., 2005 Consider the most ancient tools of labor. Determine which of them are a pointed stone, a digging stick, and a club. Try to determine for what purposes these tools served.
© Zhadaev D.N., 2005 GATHERING AND HUNTING GATHERING is the gathering of prepared types of food: roots, wild fruits, mollusks, etc. In primitive society, gathering coexisted with hunting and fishing. Think about whether modern people use gathering. Give examples.
Another activity (but not as important as gathering) is hunting, including mammoths and other large animals.
Hunting was usually for a large animal: mammoths, woolly rhinos, cave bears. Why? Successful hunting provided people with everything they needed for a long time.
For success in hunting, people went to the trick - they drove herds of animals to a cliff, or to a trap-pit, which was skillfully disguised. At the bottom of the pit were dug stakes. The beast, falling down, fell on them, and the hunters finished it off with stones.
About 10,000 years ago, mammoths disappeared. People began to hunt more small, fast-running animals. This led to the appearance of the bow and arrow. Man spied the idea of a new weapon in nature. The bow made it possible to hit a target at a distance of several hundred paces.
In addition to meat, people ate grains of wild-growing barley and wheat. But when people noticed that the grains that had fallen behind the ground were sprouting, they began to sow the grain.
People began to deliberately sow grain in loosened soil. Thus, farming arose from gathering. The first farmers dug up the earth with a stick with a knot - a wooden hoe. Then they threw seeds into the ground. When the harvest was ripe, the ears were cut with a sickle. Grinding the grains on flat stones (grain graters), they obtained flour. ▲ A woman with a hoe. Drawing of our time ▲ Ancient Sickle Grain Grinder
From the harvest they learned to cook food, and for this they needed utensils.
© Zhadaev D.N., 2005 TRIBAL COMMUNITIES AND TRIBE All relatives descended from one common ancestor. THE GENERAL COMMUNITY is chosen by the ELDERS The most experienced and wise representatives of the community (usually the elderly).
© Zhadaev D.N., 2005 Several tribal communities living in the same area constituted a tribe. The tribe was ruled by a council of elders. He sorted out disputes between fellow tribesmen and determined punishments, monitored the implementation of traditions and customs.
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slide 2
Communications of ancient people
They communicated with each other, like animals, using a variety of sounds. The brain volume of the most ancient man was larger than that of a monkey, but much less than that of people of our time.
People didn't know how to talk yet. They communicated with each other, like animals, using a variety of sounds. The brain volume of the most ancient man was larger than that of a monkey, but much less than that of people of our time.
slide 3
human herds
People lived not alone, but in groups that scientists call human herds. Everyone in the herd, young and old, was engaged in hunting, gathering
slide 4
Ancient tools
If we could observe the human herd, then perhaps we would see such a picture. People came to the river, it was not thirst that brought them here. They are looking for stones in shallow water. Not everyone takes. One will be discarded - it is not good. Another will be raised: is this one suitable? Now you need to sharpen it.
The most ancient man picked up a pebble - a smooth rounded stone. With blows of another stone, he split the pebble and sharpened it - a crude tool was obtained.
slide 5
But only people knew how to sharpen stones in order to use them to hew clubs or grind digging sticks.
The ability to make tools was the main difference between the most ancient people and animals.
slide 6
How ancient people hunted
It is difficult to answer this question precisely. The first people lived on Earth for a very long time! Nowadays, the life of wild animals is being studied. Observing how a flock of small predators is trying to take away its prey from a large one, scientists suggest that ancient people could do the same.
Slide 7
Imagine the African steppes two million years ago. The lioness attacked the antelope, pulled it up and wants to drag it away. Noticing this, dozens of hunters from all sides sneak up on the terrible beast. They begin to scream deafeningly, brandish clubs, and throw stones at the lioness. And the predator in response growls, releases its claws, bares its fangs, its eyes burn with an ominous fire. But if she is tired of chasing the antelope and managed to get enough, then she will not accept a fight with people.
Slide 8
Leaving the carcass, the lioness will hide in the steppe.
Here is another way of ancient hunting. Imagine: a large herd of zebras peacefully nibbling grass. People attack animals that are fleeing. Zebras rush like the wind: of course, they cannot be overtaken. But in the herd there are sick, there are very old and very young animals. These do not keep up with the rest and fall behind. If the hunters succeed in cutting off a zebra from the herd, they stun it with clubs, inflict grievous wounds with pointed stones, and kill it.
Slide 9
mastery of fire
Various dangers lay in wait for the human herds. One of the worst was fire. Let's imagine that bushes and grass were lit by lightning, and it flared up all around. All living things are afraid of fire: birds fly away from the fire, both animals and people flee.
How did man master fire? Nobody knows.
slide 1
The oldest people Homework: Paragraph 1 2 question in writing, the rest orally Learn the conceptsslide 2
Lesson plan The appearance of distant ancestors The oldest tools of labor Hunting of ancient people Mastering fire
slide 3
The appearance of distant ancestors The first people appeared about 2 million years ago The oldest people lived in warm countries - East Africa Why do you think the oldest people lived in hot countries? People had no protection from the cold It was easier to find food and survive Many various kinds plants and animals
slide 4
The appearance of distant ancestors In their development, people went through 3 main stages: Australopithecus (southern monkey), its remains were found in South America They were erect, the thumb was opposed, like in humans, to the rest of the fingers.
slide 5
The appearance of distant ancestors The second stage: Pithecanthropus (monkey-man), their appearance was more like a man. The brain has increased, the tools of labor are very diverse. They learned how to make hand axes, scrapers, chopping axes with one sharp, working edge. Enjoyed the fire
slide 6
The appearance of distant ancestors The third stage: Neanderthals (from the name of the Neandertal valley in Germany) - in their structure they resemble modern humans. The set of stone tools is very diverse, there are points, points.
Slide 7
The appearance of distant ancestors With the advent of people of the modern type - Cro-Magnons, the process of becoming a person ends and the history of mankind begins
Slide 8
The appearance of distant ancestors Open the map on page 7, answer the questions: Where did the most ancient people live? Where traces of their life are not found? How are ancient people different from people of our time? How are ancient humans different from apes?
Slide 9
The oldest tools of labor Tools of labor are what a person works with. A digging stick is a tool of the most ancient man, with the help of which he obtained food and defended his dwelling. Chopper - a stone tool with cutting edges
slide 10
Hunting of ancient people Gathering They took away food from predators Collective hunting - they drove the herd into the gorge, or into a specially dug hole The human herd is the oldest collective of people in which they worked and passed on their skills by inheritance.
