He was born in the city of Wesel (Rhenish Prussia) into the family of an officer on April 30, 1893. In 1910 he moved to Canada, but during the First World War he returned to his homeland to take part in hostilities. During these years, Ribbentrop managed to rise to the rank of senior lieutenant. At the age of 25 he went to Constantinople, receiving the rank of officer of the General Staff.
In 1932, he made acquaintance with Adolf Hitler, as well as Himmler. A year later, at Ribbentrop's villa, the Fuhrer held secret negotiations with von Papen. After some time he became a member of the SS, and in May 1933 he received the rank of Standartenführer.
He became the creator of the Ribbentrop Service bureau, which spied on untrustworthy diplomats.
Foreign Secretary
At the beginning of 1938, he received the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs. Soon after this, he ensured that members of the Reich Foreign Office were accepted into the ranks of the SS.
After some period, the relationship between the Foreign Minister and Himmler became more tense, due to the fact that Himmler and his colleagues interfered in the work of the Foreign Office. In addition, tension increased after SD employees stationed in embassies as police attachés were seen using diplomatic mail channels. As it turned out, SD employees sent denunciations against embassy workers.
In August 1939, Joachim von Ribbentrop went to Moscow, where he was received by Stalin. Together with the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR, he signed a non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union.
In the autumn of the same year, Ribbentrop decided to express disagreement with Heydrich’s plan to kidnap two British intelligence officers from the Netherlands. Nevertheless, Hitler confidently defended the SD, and Ribbentrop retreated.
Justice against Himmler was found only two years later. The SD independently decided to overthrow the Romanian dictator Antonescu. At the end of January, the dictator sent a request to the German embassy to find out whether Hitler still trusted him. This request was immediately answered by Ribbentrop, who said that Antonescu should act as he deemed necessary, and the Fuhrer recommended that he act in relation to the legionnaires as he had once resolved the issue with the Roman putschists.
After this, the dictator defeated the putschists and began to persecute them. The SD intervened in the situation, kidnapping the leadership of the Iron Guard.
When this news became known to Ribbentrop, he hastily conveyed it to Hitler, describing everything that happened as an insidious SD conspiracy directed against the policies of the Third Reich. The representative of the SD in Romania incited the putsch, and Andreas Schmidt, who headed the Romanian group of Germans, was involved in concealing the putschists. In addition, Joachim von Ribbentrop pointed out that Andreas is related to Gottlob Berger, who is in the leadership of the SS Main Directorate. As a result, Hitler decided that the SS leadership had a direct connection with the conspiracy.
Ribbentrop decided to take advantage of Hitler's dissatisfaction and got down to business. A new envoy was appointed to Romania, and Ribbentrop himself demanded that Heydrich refrain from interfering in the work of the foreign affairs department. Beginning in the summer of 1941, official correspondence between police attaches passed through the ambassador.
It is worth noting that Joachim von Ribbentrop subsequently tried in every possible way to offend Himmler. For example, upon learning that he was planning to visit Italy, Ribbentrop said that such visits take place only after the approval of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. By the way, representatives of the SA who managed to escape during the “Night of the Long Knives” became ambassadors to the states of South-Eastern Europe. In turn, SS Gruppenführer Werner Best, who arrived for diplomatic service from the SD, received instructions from Ribbentrop that from now on the Gruppenführer would have to obey not Himmler, but only him.
Shortly before death
Already in the spring of 1945, he lost all confidence of the Fuhrer. The position of Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs was supposed to go to Arturz Seyss-Inquart, but he decided to refuse the post. As a result, Lütz Schwerin-Krosig was appointed the next Reich Foreign Minister.
In June 1945, Ribbentrop was detained and arrested by American troops while he was in Hamburg. Soon after this, the former foreign minister was handed over to the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. At the beginning of October next year, the sentence was announced for 53-year-old Ribbentrop - the death penalty. Just two weeks later, the sentence was carried into effect in the Nuremberg prison - Ribbentrop was hanged on October 16, 1946.
He was subsequently cremated and his ashes scattered. Ribbentrop was survived by his wife, Johanna Sophie Hertwig, and five children.
Joachim von Ribbentrop is one of the key figures who made history during the Second World War. This man is best known as the German Foreign Minister and one of those close to Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler during the Fuhrer's years in power. This article is devoted to key events in the life of the Reich Minister, from his birth on April 30, 1893 to his death sentence during the Nuremberg trials in October 1946. To have a clearer idea of Ribbentrop’s personality, you need to trace and analyze one by one the most important, sometimes fateful moments of his life.
Childhood
Von Ribbentrop, whose biography is presented below, was born in the small German fortress town of Wesel. His parents were considered educated, wealthy people, and could boast of noble origin.
The mother, unfortunately, died back in 1902 from illness, so both sons were raised in severity and discipline by their father, Richard Ulrich Friedrich Joachim Ribbentrop, premier lieutenant of the artillery regiment. Young Joachim was provided with an excellent education for those years. Due to the fact that their father was sent on duty to different parts of Germany, his sons spoke both English and French from childhood and improved them in college. Ribbentrop Jr. inherited a love of music from his mother: playing the violin became an integral part of his life.
Youth and first career steps
While still in his teens, thanks to his parents' profitable contacts, he managed to live for several years in Switzerland, England, America (New York), and Canada. Joachim settled in the latter, as favorable conditions were created there for building a career. While living in Montreal, he managed to try himself both in banking and as a transport controller. However, having moved to Ottawa by invitation, Ribbentrop wanted to open his own business and wisely invest inherited capital in the business.
Activities during the First World War
In 1914, not wanting to remain on the sidelines of hostilities, Ribbentrop left Canada and went to serve in a front-line cavalry regiment. He fights on both the Eastern and Western Fronts. In 1918, already a senior lieutenant, he was awarded the Iron Cross for military service and wounds. Due to health reasons, he is transferred to Turkey as an adjutant of the authorized military ministry, from where Ribbentrop reports on the combat readiness of this country. When the war was finally lost by Germany, he consciously resigns, feeling his helplessness in opposing the Treaty of Versailles. It can be admitted, however, that von Ribbentrop’s years of service were not wasted: it was at the front that he made fateful acquaintances with outstanding political figures such as Franz von Papen and Paul von Hindenburg.
From business to politics
In post-war Europe, especially in economic devastation, it was impossible to make a reliable fortune for himself, so Ribbentrop decides to return to Canada, Ottawa, where his old friends remained. In just a year, he manages to get a job at a cotton importing company and conduct a number of successful transactions, which allowed him to quickly get rich and make new significant acquaintances.
He later recalled the 1919-20s with particular warmth, because at that time his relationship began with his future wife Anneliese Henkel, who bore him five children. The most famous of them will become in the future one of the sons - Rudolf Ribbentrop, who is described at the end of the article.
The marriage was actually a happy one, and also very profitable, since Anneliese’s father offered his son-in-law the position of co-owner of his own branch company in Berlin, engaged in the purchase and delivery of wines from abroad. This business helped Joachim von Ribbentrop by 1924 to open his own company selling imported alcohol, Schoenberg and Ribbentrop. The company began to generate considerable income, which allowed its owner to join Berlin's high society.
In the second half of the 1920s, Ribbentrop restored communication with Reich Chancellor Franz von Papen. In parallel with this, he, being confident in his strength and influence, sets the task of changing the policy of his native country, which has weakened over the years.
Meeting Adolf Hitler and joining the NSDAP
Von Ribbentrop had a negative perception, which, in his opinion, ruined and oppressed the Weimar Republic. Realizing that the government of that time, with its uncertain policy and rapid change of chancellors, was unable to resist both the influence of Western countries and the spread of Bolshevism, he gave his sympathies to the National Socialists.
It was after meeting Hitler and his plans for Germany that von Ribbentrop joined both his party and the ranks of the SS, becoming Standartenführer, and began promoting the future Fuhrer to the post of Reich Chancellor instead of Paul von Hindenburg. To do this, he organized numerous negotiations between the current and potential leaders of the country, and offered his own villa in Dahlem for their meetings. In addition, he also found it useful with wealthy people in Germany: Joachim von Ribbentrop skillfully convinced them of the need to financially help the nationalists. Thus, we can admit that Hitler received enormous material and spiritual support from the newly minted National Socialist. For this, Hitler, having seized unlimited power, appointed him as his foreign policy adviser.
First diplomatic successes
It was no coincidence that the Fuhrer trusted Ribbentrop with many important assignments, since he understood that this man was different from the rest of the representatives. His adviser was fluent in English and French, and had an idea of the mentality and politics of England and France. Hitler often consulted with Ribbentrop about relations with these countries and sent him to London and Paris on various missions, for example related to disarmament. And if negotiations with France failed, then from Great Britain he brought Hitler an agreement in 1935, which established the required ratio of the English and German fleets of 100:35, and the chances of developing friendly relations between the countries.
A separate point cannot fail to mention the creation of the so-called Ribbentrop Bureau, the goals of which were to train professional diplomatic personnel to form a new cabinet, as well as to develop foreign policy strategies and plans for Germany. It was headed by Ribbentrop personally, so it is not surprising that among the future diplomats there were many people from the SS. Later, all employees of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, by his order, will be included in these security detachments.
Another merit of von Ribbentrop was the conclusion in 1936-37 with Japan and Italy to jointly contain communist influence from the East. The union of these countries remained until the very end and tried to prevent communism in any of its manifestations.
New Reich Foreign Minister
In 1938, Ribbentrop received the post of Foreign Minister, becoming von Neurath's successor. His relationship with his colleagues deteriorated from that moment on. Firstly, he did not tolerate excessive independence in matters of foreign policy, which was abused by the same Reichsführer SS Himmler or the department of Reichsleiter Rosenberg. A lot of disagreements constantly arose between them regarding the Freemasons, churches, Scandinavian countries, Jews, etc.
Secondly, many reproached the new minister for currying favor with Hitler and inability to defend his own proposals. Ribbentrop himself (memoirs he wrote down in 1946 confirm this) partially admitted this, explaining that the Fuhrer was such a strong and charismatic figure that even the most persistent and rebellious people easily obeyed him, afraid to contradict him. Nevertheless, he justified himself by the fact that Hitler was prone to making spontaneous decisions, and it was not only von Ribbentrop who was unable to convince him.
Pre-war activities
In his new position, the Reich Foreign Minister had several tasks: Austria, Memel, the Sudetenland and Danzig. Ribbentrop fully supported the Fuhrer in his desire to annex Austria and the Sudeten Germans to the Reich, so he put maximum effort into this: he arranged meetings with the Austrian ambassador, negotiated with the British Prime Minister Chamberlain, participated in the preparations. It was not without aggression, later he would be charged with ill-treatment with the Jewish population, because he, like Hitler, wanted its extermination. As for Poland, in his memoirs, von Ribbentrop claims that he did not know about the preparations for war with her and used all his diplomatic talents to peacefully resolve controversial issues. However, the facts say the opposite, because, due to his position, he could not help but foresee a military clash with the Poles.
Relations with the USSR on the eve of the war
The initiator of the restoration of ties and negotiations between the two countries was precisely Joachim von Ribbentrop, who for a long time convinced Hitler of the need to establish contacts with the Soviet Union. In his opinion, this would make it possible to achieve Russian neutrality in the event of a war with Poland, to conclude a profitable economic deal, and also to appear more confidently before Western countries. After numerous requests for negotiations, Stalin agreed to a meeting with the German plenipotentiary. Despite his anti-communist views, the Fuhrer sent Ribbentrop on a mission to the USSR, because he personally drew up the German-Russian non-aggression pact and was serious about signing it.
The culmination of his career is the Molotov-Ribbentrop agreement of August 23, 1939
This event went down in history along with many controversies that accompany it to this day. In fact, it is not easy to explain how a successful non-aggression pact, in which both sides were interested, turned into a large-scale bloody war. However, in 1939, neither Germany nor the USSR planned any military interventions in each other’s politics; on the contrary, if not friendship was established between the countries (due to the preservation of different ideological ideologies), but a mutually beneficial relationship. As the German Foreign Minister writes in his memoirs, their foreign policy department had a poor idea of the Soviet Union, and they also saw Stalin as a mystical figure. Ribbentrop did not expect such a quick and warm reception that he was given, and the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov and the leader of the Soviet Union himself turned out to be surprisingly accommodating and compromising politicians. Thus, Germany and the USSR approved mutual neutrality in the event of either side entering the war and renounced external aggression against each other.
Among other things, the secret Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was signed, dividing Eastern Europe and the Baltic states into spheres of interest. The USSR took control of most of the Baltic countries, Finland, Bessarabia, and Lithuania and western Poland went to Germany. Later, on September 28, the demarcation line between them was adjusted after the German-Polish War and enshrined in the Treaty of Friendship and Borders. Economic exchange was also established: the Soviet Union supplied the Germans with the necessary raw materials, and in return received information about their technical developments, machine samples, etc.
Ribbentrop in the early 1940s
With the outbreak of the war against the USSR, more and more disagreements arose between Hitler and the Foreign Ministry, which led to the fact that the Minister of Foreign Affairs, together with his department, were literally isolated from policy in the East. Von Ribbentrop was losing his influence at this time, and his position increasingly diverged from that of the Fuhrer. This leads to the fact that by 1945 he himself abdicated his ministerial powers. After the defeat of Germany, he and his family hide in Hamburg, where he is arrested.
Nuremberg trial
On October 16, 1946, the execution of sentenced German leaders who were found guilty of crimes against peace and various military violations took place. Ribbentrop was sentenced to death by hanging for his illegal activities. His grave did not survive, as the ashes were scattered.
Successors of the family
After his death, his wife Anneliese Henkel published her husband’s memoirs in 1953, editing and supplementing them with the necessary information. If we talk about children, the most famous is Ribbentrop's son Rudolf. He, having become a member of the SS standard, took part in the wars with Poland and France. He is a veteran of the war against the USSR, fought in the north of the Soviet Union and near Kharkov before being captured by the Americans. In 2015, he published the book “My Father Joachim von Ribbentrop. “Never against Russia!” and even made its presentation in Russia. It is quite difficult for children and grandchildren to have the surname of their father and grandfather, but they wear it with dignity in modern society. For example, Ribbentrop's grandson, Dominic, working as a safe salesman, studies in depth historical documents from the war, and considers himself obligated to know the whole truth about that period.
Ribbentrop, Joachim von (Ribbentrop), (1893-1946), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany, Hitler's foreign policy advisor. Born on April 30, 1893 in Wessel in the family of an officer. He studied in Kassel and Metz, then worked in England, the USA and Canada as a commercial representative of a small export-import wine trading company. This gave him a certain outlook, life experience and excellent knowledge of French and English, which the Fuhrer subsequently highly valued in him. With the outbreak of World War I, Ribbentrop returned to Germany and volunteered for a hussar regiment. He took part in battles on the Eastern Front, was wounded, was awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, and rose to the rank of Oberleutnant. In 1915, Ribbentrop was sent to work in the German military mission in Turkey. After the end of World War I, he began commercial activities. Marriage to the daughter of the largest German champagne producer, Otto Henkel, opened up broad prospects for him. By 1925 Ribbentrop was already a successful businessman. His luxurious Berlin mansion was eagerly visited by industrialists, politicians, journalists and cultural figures. Since 1930, Hitler, Goering, Himmler and other Nazi leaders became frequent guests in Ribbentrop's house. Ribbentrop played an extremely important role in ensuring the Nazis' rise to power. In his house, negotiations were held on the appointment of Hitler as Chancellor between the leaders of the NSDAP on the one hand and representatives of President Hindenburg and the right-wing bourgeois parties on the other.
On May 1, 1932, Ribbentrop joined the NSDAP and received the rank of SS Standartenführer. Although the vain and arrogant Ribbentrop irritated many Nazi leaders, Hitler, who favored him, put him at the head of the specially created foreign policy body of the NSDAP - the so-called. "Ribbentrop Bureau", designed to operate in parallel with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The bureau was gradually filled with people from the SS, and Ribbentrop himself, who was close friends with Himmler, soon received the high rank of SS-Obergruppenführer (general). In the fall of 1934, the Fuhrer instructed Ribbentrop to prepare the ground for close German-Japanese cooperation, assigning him the rank of “plenipotentiary for foreign affairs at the headquarters of Deputy Fuhrer Rudolf Hess” and “ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the Third Reich.” He was tasked with negotiating and signing the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935. On August 11, 1936, Ribbentrop was appointed German Ambassador to Great Britain, and on February 4, 1938, Foreign Minister of the Third Reich. From that time on, he played an important role in the implementation of Hitler's aggressive plans. On August 23, 1939, Ribbentrop went to Moscow, where he signed the 1939 Non-Aggression Treaty between Germany and the USSR with USSR Foreign Minister V. Molotov, which essentially predetermined the start of World War 2. There was not a single action in the preparation and assistance of which Ribbentrop did not take part through diplomatic methods. The Anschluss of Austria, the occupation of Czechoslovakia, the attack on Poland, the occupation of Denmark and Norway, Belgium and Holland, the defeat of France, the attack on Yugoslavia and Greece, the formation of aggressive blocs, the economic robbery of occupied countries - the extent of Ribbentrop's personal responsibility for all these crimes was enormous. The department he headed played a grim role in the extermination of Jews in the countries occupied by Germany. In particular, in the spring of 1943, Ribbentrop persistently demanded that the Hungarian regent Horthy “carry through” the anti-Jewish measures in Hungary. “The Jews must be exterminated or sent to concentration camps - there is no other option,” Ribbentrop emphasized. Regarding the question of the fate of the British and American pilots shot down in the skies of Germany, Ribbentrop categorically insisted that they should all be lynched on the spot.
In April 1945, Ribbentrop managed to escape. He headed to Hamburg, where, under the nose of the British military commandant's office, he rented a room in an unremarkable house. However, on June 14, 1945, he was arrested by the British occupation authorities and brought before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. While in prison, Ribbentrop declared: “If Hitler had appeared in this cell and told me to act, I, like everyone else I know, would still have acted.” The court found Ribbentrop guilty on all 4 counts, including conspiracy to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity, and sentenced him to death. He was hanged on the morning of October 16, 1946.
daughters: Bettina and Ursula
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Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop(German) Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop , April 30 ( 18930430 ) , Wesel - October 16, Nuremberg) - German Foreign Minister (1938-1945), adviser to Adolf Hitler on foreign policy.
Biography
Born in the city of Wesel in Rhine Prussia in the family of officer Richard Ulrich Friedrich Joachim Ribbentrop. In 1910, Ribbentrop moved to Canada, where he created a company importing wine from Germany.
In November 1939, Ribbentrop sharply opposed Heydrich's plan to kidnap two British intelligence officers from the Netherlands, but Hitler defended the SD so fiercely that Ribbentrop had to give in:
Control over Himmler was found only in January 1941, after the SD independently attempted to overthrow the Romanian dictator Antonescu (revolt of the Iron Guard). On January 22, when the situation became critical, Antonescu sent a request to the German embassy to find out whether he still enjoyed Hitler's trust. Ribbentrop immediately replied:Yes, yes, my Fuhrer, I immediately held the same opinion, but there is simply a problem with these bureaucrats and lawyers in the Foreign Office: they are too slow-witted.
Yes, Antonescu must act as he considers necessary and appropriate. The Fuhrer advises him to deal with the legionnaires in the same way as he once treated the Röhm putschists.
Antonescu defeated the putschists and began to pursue them. But then the SD intervened, sheltering the leadership of the Iron Guard and secretly taking it abroad.
Upon learning of this, Ribbentrop immediately reported to Hitler, presenting the incident as a monstrous SD conspiracy against the official foreign policy of the Third Reich. After all, the representative of the SD in Romania was the instigator of the putsch, and the head of the Romanian group of Germans, Andreas Schmidt, appointed to this position by the head of the center for work with Volksdeutsche Obergruppenführer SS Lorenz, sheltered the putschists. Ribbentrop also did not forget to mention that Schmidt is the son-in-law of Gottlob Berger, head of the SS Main Directorate. Thus, Hitler was under the impression that the top SS leadership was involved in the conspiracy.
Taking advantage of the Fuhrer's anger, Ribbentrop began to act. He appointed a new envoy to Romania, who immediately sent a police attaché to Germany, who upon his return spent several months in the dungeons of the Gestapo. Ribbentrop also began to demand that Heydrich stop interfering in the affairs of the foreign affairs department. On August 9, 1941, an agreement was reached that official correspondence between police attaches would go through the ambassador. And later Ribbentrop tried to hurt Himmler for any reason. Thus, having learned of Himmler's intention to visit Italy, he said that visits by senior leadership are carried out only in agreement with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Representatives of the SA who survived the “Night of the Long Knives” were appointed ambassadors to the countries of South-Eastern Europe. And to SS Gruppenführer Werner Best, who transferred to the diplomatic service from the SD, Ribbentrop said that Best was now subordinate only to him, and not to Himmler.
By the spring of 1945, Ribbentrop had lost all confidence in Hitler. In accordance with the “Political Testament of Adolf Hitler” in the new German government, the post of Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs was to be taken by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, but he himself refused this position, which he announced during a personal meeting with the new Reich President of Germany Karl Dönitz. The new Reich Chancellor Lütz Schwerin-Krosig became the new Reich Foreign Minister and concurrently. 
On June 14, 1945, he was arrested by American troops in Hamburg. He was then tried by the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, sentenced to death on October 1, 1946, and hanged on October 16, 1946 in Nuremberg prison.
Death
Joachim von Ribbentrop was executed by hanging on October 16, 1946 by verdict of the Nuremberg Tribunal.
Ribbentrop's last words on the scaffold were:
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Literature
- Heinz Höhne.. - M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2003. - 542 p. - 6000 copies.
- - ISBN 5-224-03843-X. Joachim von Ribbentrop.
Between London and Moscow. - M.: Mysl, 1996. - 334 p. - ISBN 5-244-00817-X.
- see also
Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)
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but were not brought to trial
Excerpt characterizing Ribbentrop, Joachim von– Natasha, you are 16 years old, I was married at your age. You say that Borya is nice. He is very sweet and I love him like a son, but what do you want?... What do you think? You have completely turned his head, I can see it...
Saying this, the countess looked back at her daughter. Natasha lay straight and motionless looking ahead at one of the mahogany sphinxes carved on the corners of the bed, so that the countess only saw her daughter’s face in profile. This face struck the countess with its peculiarity of serious and concentrated expression.
Natasha listened and thought.
- Well, what then? - she said.
– You completely turned his head, why? What do you want from him? You know you can't marry him.
- From what? – Natasha said without changing her position.
“Because he’s young, because he’s poor, because he’s related... because you don’t love him yourself.”
- Why do you know?
- I know. This is not good, my friend.
“And if I want...” said Natasha.
“Stop talking nonsense,” said the Countess.
- And if I want...
- Natasha, I'm serious...
Natasha didn’t let her finish, she pulled the countess’s big hand towards her and kissed it on top, then on the palm, then turned it again and began kissing her on the bone of the upper joint of the finger, then in between, then again on the bone, saying in a whisper: “January, February , March April May".
- Speak, mother, why are you silent? “Speak,” she said, looking back at the mother, who was looking at her daughter with a tender gaze and, because of this contemplation, seemed to have forgotten everything she wanted to say.
- This is no good, my soul. Not everyone will understand your childhood connection, and seeing him so close to you can harm you in the eyes of other young people who come to us, and, most importantly, it tortures him in vain. He may have found a match for himself, a rich one; and now he's going crazy.
- Does it work? – Natasha repeated.
– I’ll tell you about myself. I had one cousin...
– It wasn’t always an old man. But here’s what, Natasha, I’ll talk to Borya. He doesn't need to travel so often...
- Why shouldn’t he, if he wants to?
- Because I know that this will not end in anything.
- Why do you know? No, mom, you don't tell him. What nonsense! - Natasha said in the tone of a person from whom they want to take away his property.
“Well, I won’t get married, so let him go, if he’s having fun and I’m having fun.” – Natasha smiled and looked at her mother.
“Not married, just like that,” she repeated.
- How is this, my friend?
- Yes, yes. Well, it’s very necessary that I don’t get married, but... so.
“Yes, yes,” the countess repeated and, shaking her whole body, laughed with a kind, unexpected old woman’s laugh.
“Stop laughing, stop,” Natasha shouted, “you’re shaking the whole bed.” You look terribly like me, the same laugher... Wait... - She grabbed both hands of the countess, kissed the little finger bone on one - June, and continued to kiss July, August on the other hand. - Mom, is he very much in love? How about your eyes? Were you so in love? And very sweet, very, very sweet! But it’s not quite to my taste - it’s narrow, like a table clock... Don’t you understand?... Narrow, you know, gray, light...
- Why are you lying! - said the countess.
Natasha continued:
- Do you really not understand? Nikolenka would understand... The earless one is blue, dark blue with red, and he is quadrangular.
“You flirt with him too,” said the countess, laughing.
- No, he is a Freemason, I found out. It’s nice, dark blue and red, how can I explain it to you...
“Countess,” the count’s voice was heard from behind the door. -Are you awake? – Natasha jumped up barefoot, grabbed her shoes and ran into her room.
She couldn't sleep for a long time. She kept thinking that no one could understand everything that she understood and that was in her.
"Sonya?" she thought, looking at the sleeping, curled up cat with her huge braid. “No, where should she go!” She is virtuous. She fell in love with Nikolenka and doesn’t want to know anything else. Mom doesn’t understand either. It’s amazing how smart I am and how... she’s sweet,” she continued, speaking to herself in the third person and imagining that some very smart, smartest and nicest man was talking about her... “Everything, everything is in her.” , - continued this man, - she is unusually smart, sweet and then good, unusually good, dexterous, swims, rides excellently, and has a voice! One might say, an amazing voice!” She sang her favorite musical phrase from the Cherubini Opera, threw herself on the bed, laughed with the joyful thought that she was about to fall asleep, shouted to Dunyasha to put out the candle, and before Dunyasha had time to leave the room, she had already passed into another, even happier world of dreams , where everything was as easy and wonderful as in reality, but it was only even better, because it was different.
The next day, the countess, inviting Boris to her place, talked with him, and from that day he stopped visiting the Rostovs.
On December 31, on New Year's Eve 1810, le reveillon [night supper], there was a ball at Catherine's nobleman's house. The diplomatic corps and the sovereign were supposed to be at the ball.
On the Promenade des Anglais, the famous house of a nobleman glowed with countless lights. At the illuminated entrance with a red cloth stood the police, and not only gendarmes, but the police chief at the entrance and dozens of police officers. The carriages drove off, and new ones drove up with red footmen and footmen with feathered hats. Men in uniforms, stars and ribbons came out of the carriages; ladies in satin and ermine carefully stepped down the noisily laid down steps, and hurriedly and silently walked along the cloth of the entrance.
Almost every time a new carriage arrived, there was a murmur in the crowd and hats were taken off.
“Sovereign?... No, minister... prince... envoy... Don’t you see the feathers?...” said from the crowd. One of the crowd, better dressed than the others, seemed to know everyone, and called by name the most noble nobles of that time.
Already one third of the guests had arrived at this ball, and the Rostovs, who were supposed to be at this ball, were still hastily preparing to dress.
There was a lot of talk and preparation for this ball in the Rostov family, a lot of fears that the invitation would not be received, the dress would not be ready, and everything would not work out as needed.
Along with the Rostovs, Marya Ignatievna Peronskaya, a friend and relative of the countess, a thin and yellow maid of honor of the old court, leading the provincial Rostovs in the highest St. Petersburg society, went to the ball.
At 10 o'clock in the evening the Rostovs were supposed to pick up the maid of honor at the Tauride Garden; and yet it was already five minutes to ten, and the young ladies were not yet dressed.
Natasha was going to the first big ball in her life. That day she got up at 8 o'clock in the morning and was in feverish anxiety and activity all day. All her strength, from the very morning, was aimed at ensuring that they all: she, mother, Sonya were dressed in the best possible way. Sonya and the Countess trusted her completely. The countess was supposed to be wearing a masaka velvet dress, the two of them were wearing white smoky dresses on pink, silk covers with roses in the bodice. The hair had to be combed a la grecque [in Greek].
Everything essential had already been done: the legs, arms, neck, ears were already especially carefully, like a ballroom, washed, perfumed and powdered; they were already wearing silk, fishnet stockings and white satin shoes with bows; the hairstyles were almost finished. Sonya finished dressing, and so did the Countess; but Natasha, who was working for everyone, fell behind. She was still sitting in front of the mirror with a peignoir draped over her slender shoulders. Sonya, already dressed, stood in the middle of the room and, pressing painfully with her small finger, pinned the last ribbon that squealed under the pin.
“Not like that, not like that, Sonya,” said Natasha, turning her head away from her hair and grabbing the hair with her hands, which the maid who was holding it did not have time to let go. - Not like that, come here. – Sonya sat down. Natasha cut the tape differently.
“Excuse me, young lady, you can’t do this,” said the maid holding Natasha’s hair.
- Oh, my God, well, later! That's it, Sonya.
-Are you coming soon? – the countess’s voice was heard, “it’s already ten.”
- Now. -Are you ready, mom?
- Just pin the current.
“Don’t do it without me,” Natasha shouted, “you won’t be able to!”
- Yes, ten.
It was decided to be at the ball at half past ten, and Natasha still had to get dressed and stop by the Tauride Garden.
Having finished her hair, Natasha, in a short skirt, from which her ballroom shoes were visible, and in her mother’s blouse, ran up to Sonya, examined her and then ran to her mother. Turning her head, she pinned the current, and, barely having time to kiss her gray hair, again ran to the girls who were hemming her skirt.
The issue was Natasha's skirt, which was too long; Two girls were hemming it, hastily biting the threads. The third, with pins in her lips and teeth, ran from the Countess to Sonya; the fourth held her entire smoky dress on her raised hand.
- Mavrusha, rather, my dear!
- Give me a thimble from there, young lady.
- Soon, finally? - said the count, entering from behind the door. - Here's some perfume for you. Peronskaya is already tired of waiting.
“It’s ready, young lady,” said the maid, lifting the hemmed smoky dress with two fingers and blowing and shaking something, expressing with this gesture an awareness of the airiness and purity of what she was holding.
Natasha began to put on her dress.
“Now, now, don’t go, dad,” she shouted to her father, who opened the door, still from under the haze of her skirt, which covered her entire face. Sonya slammed the door. A minute later the count was let in. He was in a blue tailcoat, stockings and shoes, perfumed and oiled.
- Oh, dad, you are so good, dear! – Natasha said, standing in the middle of the room and straightening the folds of the haze.
“Excuse me, young lady, allow me,” said the girl, standing on her knees, pulling off her dress and turning the pins from one side of her mouth to the other with her tongue.
- Your will! - Sonya cried out with despair in her voice, looking at Natasha’s dress, - your will, it’s long again!
Natasha moved away to look around in the dressing table. The dress was long.
“By God, madam, nothing is long,” said Mavrusha, crawling on the floor behind the young lady.
“Well, it’s long, so we’ll sweep it up, we’ll sweep it up in a minute,” said the determined Dunyasha, taking out a needle from the handkerchief on her chest and getting back to work on the floor.
At this time, the countess entered shyly, with quiet steps, in her current and velvet dress.
- Ooh! my beauty! - the count shouted, - better than all of you!... - He wanted to hug her, but she pulled away, blushing, so as not to crumple.
“Mom, more on the side of the current,” Natasha said. “I’ll cut it,” and she rushed forward, and the girls who were hemming, did not have time to rush after her, tore off a piece of smoke.
- My God! What is this? It's not my fault...
“I’ll sweep it all away, it won’t be visible,” Dunyasha said.
- Beauty, it’s mine! - said the nanny who came in from behind the door. - And Sonyushka, what a beauty!...
At a quarter past ten they finally got into the carriages and drove off. But we still had to stop by the Tauride Garden.
Peronskaya was already ready. Despite her old age and ugliness, she did exactly the same thing as the Rostovs, although not with such haste (this was a common thing for her), but her old, ugly body was also perfumed, washed, powdered, and the ears were also carefully washed , and even, and just like the Rostovs, the old maid enthusiastically admired her mistress’s outfit when she came out into the living room in a yellow dress with a code. Peronskaya praised the Rostovs' toilets.
The Rostovs praised her taste and dress, and, taking care of her hair and dresses, at eleven o'clock they settled into their carriages and drove off.
Since the morning of that day, Natasha had not had a minute of freedom, and not once had time to think about what lay ahead of her.
(Ribbentrop), (1893-1946), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany, adviser to Hitler on foreign policy. Born on April 30, 1893 in Wessel in the family of an officer. He studied in Kassel and Metz, then worked in England, the USA and Canada as a commercial representative of a small export-import wine trading company. This gave him a certain outlook, life experience and excellent knowledge of French and English, which the Fuhrer subsequently highly valued in him. With the outbreak of World War I, Ribbentrop returned to Germany and volunteered for a hussar regiment. He took part in battles on the Eastern Front, was wounded, was awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, and rose to the rank of Oberleutnant. In 1915, Ribbentrop was sent to work in the German military mission in Turkey. After the end of World War I, he began commercial activities. Marriage to the daughter of the largest German champagne producer, Otto Henkel, opened up broad prospects for him. By 1925 Ribbentrop was already a successful businessman. His luxurious Berlin mansion was eagerly visited by industrialists, politicians, journalists and cultural figures. Since 1930, Hitler, Goering, Himmler and other Nazi leaders became frequent guests in Ribbentrop's house. Ribbentrop played an extremely important role in ensuring the Nazis' rise to power. In his house, negotiations were held on the appointment of Hitler as Chancellor between the leaders of the NSDAP on the one hand and representatives of President Hindenburg and the right-wing bourgeois parties on the other.
Joachim von Ribbentrop
On May 1, 1932, Ribbentrop joined the NSDAP and received the rank of SS Standartenführer. Although the vain and arrogant Ribbentrop irritated many Nazi leaders, Hitler, who favored him, put him at the head of the specially created foreign policy body of the NSDAP - the so-called. "Ribbentrop Bureau", designed to operate in parallel with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The bureau was gradually filled with people from the SS, and Ribbentrop himself, who was close friends with Himmler, soon received the high rank of SS-Obergruppenführer (general). In the fall of 1934, the Fuhrer instructed Ribbentrop to prepare the ground for close German-Japanese cooperation, assigning him the rank of “plenipotentiary for foreign policy issues at the headquarters of Deputy Fuhrer Rudolf Hess” and “ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the Third Reich.” He was tasked with negotiating and signing the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935. On August 11, 1936, Ribbentrop was appointed German Ambassador to Great Britain, and on February 4, 1938, Foreign Minister of the Third Reich. From that time on, he played an important role in the implementation of Hitler's aggressive plans. On August 23, 1939, Ribbentrop went to Moscow, where he signed the 1939 Non-Aggression Treaty between Germany and the USSR with USSR Foreign Minister V. Molotov, which essentially predetermined the start of World War 2. There was not a single action in the preparation and assistance of which Ribbentrop did not take part through diplomatic methods. The Anschluss of Austria, the occupation of Czechoslovakia, the attack on Poland, the occupation of Denmark and Norway, Belgium and Holland, the defeat of France, the attack on Yugoslavia and Greece, the formation of aggressive blocs, the economic robbery of occupied countries - the extent of Ribbentrop's personal responsibility for all these crimes was enormous. The department he headed played a grim role in the extermination of Jews in the countries occupied by Germany. In particular, in the spring of 1943, Ribbentrop persistently demanded that the Hungarian regent Horthy “carry through” the anti-Jewish measures in Hungary. “The Jews must be exterminated or sent to concentration camps - there is no other option,” Ribbentrop emphasized. Regarding the question of the fate of the British and American pilots shot down in the skies of Germany, Ribbentrop categorically insisted that they should all be lynched on the spot.
Von Ribbentrop, Chamberlain and Hitler during the Munich Conference
In April 1945, Ribbentrop managed to escape. He headed to Hamburg, where, under the nose of the British military commandant's office, he rented a room in an unremarkable house. However, on June 14, 1945, he was arrested by the British occupation authorities and brought before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. While in prison, Ribbentrop declared: “If Hitler had appeared in this cell and told me to act, I, like everyone else I know, would still have acted.” The court found Ribbentrop guilty on all 4 counts, including conspiracy to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity, and sentenced him to death. He was hanged on the morning of October 16, 1946.- - , German film actor. Born on April 10, 1904 in the family of a doctor. In his youth he was a sailor. Having become an actor, he gained fame in Leipzig and Frankfurt am Main...
Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
- - , Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany, Hitler's foreign policy advisor. Born on April 30, 1893 in Wessel in the family of an officer...
Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
- - naval leader, rear admiral. On April 1, 1913 he entered the navy as a cadet. He was trained on the heavy cruiser Hansa and at the naval school in Mürvik. Served on battleships. 18.9.1915 promoted to lieutenant...
Navy of the Third Reich
- - , Senior, German art historian, painter and graphic artist. He studied in Nuremberg, Prague, Utrecht and London. Visited Italy and the Netherlands...
Art encyclopedia
- - Yu n g i u s, - German. natural scientist, mathematician and philosopher. In 1623 he founded the first German language in Rostock. scientific society, which has set the goal of promoting the development of nature. sciences and mathematics...
Philosophical Encyclopedia
- - one of the main criminals of the Second World War, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany. R. came from a military family; in 1910-14 he lived in Canada, where he was engaged in the wine trade...
Diplomatic Dictionary
- - Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany, war criminal. Participated in the First World War...
Political science. Dictionary.
- - József, Hungarian violinist, teacher. He performed since 1838. He worked in Germany. Founder and leader of the string quartet. Toured...
Modern encyclopedia
- - Joachim - one of the ch. military Fascist criminals Germany. He was a champagne sales agent. In 1930 he joined the Nazi party and soon became close to Hitler...
Soviet historical encyclopedia
- - Amalia - Austrian. singer. She was the wife of J. Joachim. She made her debut in 1853 in Troppau. In 1854 she performed in Hermannstadt and Vienna on the stage of the Kärntnertortheater; in 1862 and 1865-66 - in Hanover. Since 1866 she led the conc. activity...
Music Encyclopedia
- - Jozsef is Hungarian. violinist, composer, conductor and teacher. He studied violin in early childhood with S. Servaczynski in Pest, from 1841 with M. Hauser, G. Helmesberger and J. Böhm in Vienna, from 1843 with F....
Music Encyclopedia
- - Swiss statesman, landammann in Glarus, then member and president of the national council, from 1871 member of the union council, in 1877 he was elected president of the union...
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron
- - Vadian, actually von Watt Joachim, figure of the Swiss Reformation, humanist, doctor. Occupying the post of burgomaster in St. Gallen, he contributed to the implementation of the Reformation here in the spirit of the teachings of W. Zwingli...
- - József, Hungarian violinist, composer and teacher. Student of J. Boehm and F. David. He has been performing since he was 7 years old. In 1849-53, concertmaster of the court orchestra in Weimar. In 1853-66 accompanist in Hanover...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - Joachim, one of the main war criminals of Nazi Germany. He was a champagne sales agent. In 1930 he joined the Nazi party and soon became one of A. Hitler's close associates...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - German Foreign Minister 1938-45. How one of the main Nazi war criminals was executed by the verdict of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg...
Large encyclopedic dictionary
"Ribbentrop, Joachim von" in books
Joachim von Ribbentrop
author Ribbentrop Joachim vonJoachim von Ribbentrop From the book: Joachim von Ribbentrop. Zwischen London und Moskau, Erinnerungen und letzte Aufzeichnungen. Aus dem Nachlass. Herausgegeben von Annelies von Ribbentrop. Druffel-Verlag. Leoni am Starnberger See, 1953. Joachim von Ribbentrop (1893–1946) - one of the main Nazi war criminals. During the First World War - officer
Joachim von Ribbentrop Alliance and break with Stalin
From the book Alliance and the break with Stalin author Ribbentrop Joachim vonJoachim von Ribbentrop Alliance and break with Stalin
author Poltorak Arkady IosifovichIII. Joachim von Ribbentrop under a forensic microscope
III. Joachim von Ribbentrop under a forensic microscope
From the book Nuremberg Epilogue author Poltorak Arkady IosifovichIII. Joachim von Ribbentrop under a forensic microscope
Uteval, Joachim
From the book Guide to the Art Gallery of the Imperial Hermitage author Benois Alexander NikolaevichUteval, Joachim The painting by Uteval (1566 - 1638), marked 1621, “Christ Blessing the Children,” also shows merits of a rather calligraphic nature, in which, however, in addition to the skillful “weaving” of round, curly lines, one can admire the background: the view through
Joachim Patinir
From the book History of Painting. Volume 1 author Benois Alexander NikolaevichJoachim Patinir Patinir's tone - blue-green, very deep - belongs entirely to him; but whether the entire formal side of his compositions and all these “details” that he puts together into one whole belong to him is still a question. Landscapes very similar in character
Ribbentrop Joachim von IT WAS A GREAT MAN
From the book The Occult Messiah and His Reich author Prussakov Valentin AnatolievichRibbentrop Joachim von IT WAS A GREAT MAN Joachim von Ribbentrop was Foreign Minister from 1938 until the very last days of the Third Reich. During the Nuremberg trials, at the request of his lawyer, he wrote memoirs about
JOACHIM MURAT
From the book 100 Great Heroes author Shishov Alexey VasilievichRibbentrop, Joachim von
From the book Encyclopedia of the Third Reich author Voropaev SergeyRibbentrop, Joachim von (Ribbentrop), (1893–1946), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany, adviser to Hitler on foreign policy. Born on April 30, 1893 in Wessel in the family of an officer. He studied in Kassel and Metz, then worked in England, the USA and Canada as a commercial representative of one
Joachim von Ribbentrop
From the book Favorites by Porter CarlosJoachim von Ribbentrop Von Ribbentrop was hanged for signing the Soviet-German non-aggression pact, which made the attack on Poland possible. Ribbentrop justified his actions by the fact that within 20 years one million Germans had been deported from Poland and
JOACHIM RIBBENTROP (1893–1946)
From the book 100 great diplomats author Mussky Igor AnatolievichJOACHIM RIBBENTROP (1893–1946) German statesman and diplomat. Since 1934 - head of the foreign policy department of the National Socialist Party. He actively participated in the conclusion of the Anglo-German agreement (1935) and the “Anti-Comintern Pact” (1936). Ambassador
Ribbentrop Joachim
From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (RI) by the author TSBRIBBENTROP, Joachim von
From the book Big Dictionary of Quotes and Catchphrases authorRIBBENTROP, Joachim von (Ribbentrop, Joachim fon, 1893–1946), Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany 85 In Moscow I felt like I was among old party comrades. According to Alfred Rosenberg's diary dated 5 Oct. 1939, Ribbentrop, returning from his second trip to Moscow
RIBBENTROP, Joachim von
From the book World History in sayings and quotes author Dushenko Konstantin VasilievichRIBBENTROP, Joachim fon (Ribbentrop, Joachim fon, 1893–1946), Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany27 In Moscow, I felt like among old party comrades. According to the diary of Alfred Rosenberg dated October 5. 1939, Ribbentrop, returning from his second trip to Moscow (Sept.
