From the base series to the M5 sports supercar, the BMW brand has always defied the laws of automotive logic. The cars, which seemed incredibly fast on paper, surpassed all expectations at launch and in real life. Many, if not all BMW engines work as if by magic, but when the hood of another Bavarian masterpiece is opened, there are no ancient Germanic runes under it, only the inscription “TwinPower Turbo” flaunts on the protection of the power unit.
BWM has always preached a turbocharging and rear-wheel drive policy. Today, one cannot find a power unit of a brand that does not have at least one turbocharger, not to mention a series of high-performance diesel engines with three- and four-turbine installations.
TwinPower plays an important role when it comes to efficient and dynamic BMW petrol and diesel engines. But what is TwinPower Turbo in reality and what does it have to offer the automotive world?
When it comes to gasoline engines, TwinPower Turbo, there are three components that are used in all modifications, from 3 to 12 cylinders:
valvetronic;
direct fuel injection;
turbocharging.
Turbodiesels are equipped with a Common Rail injection system.
Valvetronic- electronic variable valve. This is a technology developed by BMW that optimizes fuel consumption by adjusting valve lift. The developers claim that this technology alone is capable of reducing fuel consumption by 10%.
Volvetronic- powerful electronic technology. It provides continuous and precise control of intake valve lift. This means that when the Bavarian owner presses the gas pedal, the valve opening control starts, instead of the usual throttle valve, the intake systems open.
The system uses a set of rockers controlled by an electronic camshaft. Since it is able to regulate valves from fully open to almost closed, the engine does not need to rev to increase the load.
Valvetronic was first introduced in 2001 on the 316ti series and was used primarily for supercharged engines targeted at the mass market, such as:
N42 straight-4;
N52 straight-6.
But the system was not used on the twin-turbo N54. Instead, the turbocharged N55 straight-6, which replaced it in 2009 with the same performance as the top-end 7 Series N74 twin-turbo V12, was fitted with a valvetronic system. Since then, the technology has been applied to almost all BMW vehicles.
High Precision Injection- direct injection systems with central multi-tooth injectors. They gradually replaced the technology used in the 2000s. The supercharged and turbocharged engines used piezo injectors. However, the new BMW N55 6-cylinder turbo engine, which has been in production since 2010, in the 335i, 535i, X3, X5 and X5 models, uses a solenoid injection system developed by Bosch. This system was chosen by the Bavarians to keep prices competitive in the North American automotive market.
The TwinPower Turbo name has confused many car owners. They didn't understand what was under the hoods of their BMW. In this regard, a lawsuit was filed against the company for deceiving a large number of people. The TwinPower Turbo document was called a "false twin" and said the Bavarians had launched an advertising campaign to defraud buyers. It's all about the word "double", which is present in the title. Its presence was not a guarantee of equipping the engines with two turbochargers.
Originally TwinPower Turbo appeared on a two-span single turbo (fitted to the 5 Series Gran Turismo in 2009, and the E90 335i, 135i, X3 and X5 models appeared in 2010), starting with the N55 (six-cylinder turbocharged engine) and the N74 (6-liter V12 unit with two turbochargers). It was used in the 2009 760i and 750Li models. Two-speed turbocharging is the core technology for BMW's TwinPower Turbo.
The twin turbine design starts with an exhaust manifold that separates the exhaust gases. They are guided through different spirals called "scrolls". The turbo has two nozzles of different diameters, they are needed to provide a quick response of the power unit. BMW calls the special exhaust manifold of its own design the Cylinder-Bank Comprehensive Manifold, or CCM.
It should be recalled that modern BMW TwinPower engines are not necessarily equipped with two-stroke turbochargers. Instead, they have a great exhaust manifold that captures more exhaust gas to feed the turbines, which delivers lag-free power.
The three-cylinder revolution: the B37 and B38 TwinPower Turbo. Gasoline and diesel
Three-cylinder petrol and diesel engines are yet another revolutionary BMW solution, which can compete with modifications with more cylinders. They are built on a modular system, which uses the same 500-centimeter cylinders in conjunction with TwinPower Turbo technology with a capacity of 120-220 horsepower.
It is known that diesel units received the designation B37, and gasoline units - B38. The first examples are installed on the i8 hybrid sports car of the FWD 1 and MINI series. They are also used by the RWD 1 and 3 series as starting modifications to the engine range.
The best 4-cylinder turbo in the world
In 2004, the production of a direct injection engine, developed in cooperation with PSA Peugeot Citroen, began. In 2011, BMW designers developed the N13, in which the oil filter housing was changed - it was installed longitudinally. The engine was installed on the 114i, 116i and 118i models.
Perhaps the promising engine for BMW right now is the N20. Its displacement is 2.0 liters, there is a turbocharging with four cylinders. The motor also has 'TwinPower Turbo' lettering on the cover. Replacing the less powerful Street 6 sibling in the 20i, 28i, this engine is a viable and highly efficient alternative.
There are 2 modifications of the N20. The 184 PS version is less powerful and is available for the X1, xDrive20i, F30 320i, 520i, base Z4 sDrive20i. The top-of-the-line version of this 2.0-liter TwinPower engine delivers 245 hp and is used in the F30 328i, 528i, X1, X3 and Z4 models.
Straight-6 TwinPower Turbo: N55
When TwinPower Turbo technology is fitted to a 6-cylinder engine, the benefits become apparent. The twin-turbo N55 engine replaced the more expensive N54 unit in 2009. But both modifications are very similar to each other. Comparable output to BMW's own 4.0-liter V8, with a lighter block and lower torque, even more tan found in the E92 M3 with the powerful S65 V8.
The N55 delivers 302 hp and 300 Nm (400 Nm) of torque. It is installed in the 335i, 135i and all SUV models. There is an even more powerful version called N55HP, with 315 hp and 450 Nm of torque. This version is equipped with top models such as the 640i, 740i, and even the sports super-heavy hatchback M140i.
The debut of the engine took place in 2009, it began to be installed on the fifth GT series. Equipped with an advanced version of the 6-cylinder engine, the BMW 535i Gran Turismo can accelerate from 0 to 100 km / h in just 6.3 seconds. The maximum speed of this beast is limited to 250 km / h. In terms of fuel consumption, the BMW 535i GT consumes 8.9 liters per 100 kilometers. The CO emission rating is 209 g / km.
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In parallel with the debut of the 3 Series sports sedan, the Bavarian concern presented a new product: a four-cylinder turbo engine, which, due to its throttle response, maximum engine speed and high power, can provide energetic traction. And with its relatively low weight, it fully meets the dynamic requirements of the new BMW sports sedan.
In addition, the presentation of this unit means that it is he who is ready to replace the 2.0-liter gasoline engines. And this is even despite the fact that according to the plan of the management of the concern, in 2012 such devices will still be offered for cars of the third series. The updated four-cylinder engine is a real pleasure for the users. Indeed, in addition to the unique possibility of a quick set of power, it is much more environmentally friendly and more economical than its older "comrades".
In fact, the high-speed 2.0-liter engines were introduced back in 1975. Even then, it was one of the most promising directions in the work of BMW. By the way, these four-cylinder engines were installed on threes, which were put up for the judging of connoisseurs in 1975. But the six-cylinder engines today are one of the most powerful and unsurpassed developments of the concern, although their presentation took place also relatively long ago, namely in 1977 at the IAA exhibition.
So what is so special about these engine models? Thanks to TwinPower Turbo technology, the power has been significantly increased, as well as the engine efficiency system is working optimally.This technology implies the use of completely new, innovative solutions: High Precision Injection, Double VANOS continuously variable gas distribution system, Twin Scroll supercharging, and also the VALVETRONIC valve regulation system.
Today, the technologies used by BMW have no analogues in the world. Engineers developing a generation of such engines focus on its efficient operation and increasing power, while not increasing its volume, increasing fuel consumption and engine weight, and increasing the percentage of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
The maximum power of the new BMW TwinPower Turbo four-cylinder petrol engine is 180 kW \ 245hp. at a speed of 5000 rpm. Engine displacement 1997 cm3. The maximum torque of 350 Nm was made possible thanks to the TwinScroll turbo technology, which is already at 1250 rpm. can hold the value up to 4800 rpm. The use of these technologies made it possible to make the car so dynamic and powerful that when accelerating from a standstill, the new BMW 328i gives 100 km / h in just 5.9 seconds, developing a speed limited only by the electronic mark of 250 km / h.
In this case, all commands of the accelerator pedal for the engine have priority and at a frequency exceeding the idle speed, the engine gains the maximum power of the speed range.
During the EU cycle tests, the average fuel consumption for the new BMW 328i was only 6.4 liters per 100 kilometers. Compared to the BMW 325i (the predecessor of this model), the fuel economy is 11%. The same can be said for harmful CO2 emissions. Their indicator was admissible 149 grams per kilometer, which is optimal, not exceeding the existing requirements. Lower emission values can be achieved with an eight-speed automatic transmission. Then the fuel consumption will be even more symbolic - 6.3 liters per 100 kilometers and CO2 emissions will be 147 grams per kilometer, and this will be 15% more efficient.
Now more about technology TwinPower Turbo new four-cylinder engine
Thanks to the optimization of internal friction, the power of which is primarily influenced by injection and pressurization technology, this engine is by far the most powerful of its petrol counterparts. The in-line six-cylinder engine design, which is the basis of this new product, has been awarded numerous prizes at various exhibitions. Application of technology in work TwinPower Turbo was a breakthrough, and the resulting engine model was so impressive that it can be taken as a model for all design engineers dealing with dynamics, power increase and engine efficiency.
The use of unparalleled technologies (high-frequency injection High Precision Injection, supercharging according to the Twin Scroll principle, the double VANOS continuously variable valve timing system, the VALVETRONIC valve travel control system) made it possible to achieve unattainable power ranges. For traditional naturally aspirated engines, such ranges can only become real if the number of cylinders is increased. In addition, the engine design, with a solid aluminum block, is much more compact and lighter in weight, in a week the design of a six-cylinder engine of the same power. From this feature, the front axle load of the sedan is reduced and agility is increased. BMW demonstrates unique and unsurpassed handling on the road.
The charging works according to the Twin Scroll principle, when the exhaust gas flows of 1 and 4 cylinders, as well as 2 and 3 are sent in a spiral to the turbine wheel. Due to this feature at low engine speeds, only a slight exhaust gas back pressure is generated, as well as pulsation effects, due to which the gas pressure can be used as efficiently as possible. So when you press the accelerator pedal, the engine instantly responds to the command and very quickly begins to pick up speed. The speed required by the owner is reached in a matter of seconds, and he gets nothing comparable with the power and speed. BMW 3 Series.
The VALVETRONIC valve control system (equipped with a servo motor with a built-in sensor and can operate at high speeds) and the Double VANOS continuously variable valve timing system reduce the percentage of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, as well as increase the vehicle's power.
In addition, the engine does not have a throttle valve. The valve lift is smoothly adjusted and the air mass is controlled inside the engine. Thanks to this, it was possible to optimize the reactions of the power unit and to minimize losses during the gas exchange process.
Fuel is injected by the operation of electromagnetic injectors, which are located between the valves in the center. This High Precision Injection technology ensures efficient engine operation. An injection pressure of 200 bar takes place practically next to the spark plugs, which ensures even combustion of the fuel. The efficiency is increased due to the cooling effect on the fuel. This contributes to a higher compression ratio than in engines with intake manifold injection.
All imaginable innovative technologies used in the base engine make this unit unsurpassed in efficiency and power. Balancing shafts located at different heights compensate for vibrations, and a pendulum damper in the dual-mass flywheel reduces torsional vibrations in the low speed range. Because of this, the effective torque does not compromise ride comfort.
The 2.0-liter six-cylinder is thus unrivaled in performance, an unattainable level that only BMW can handle.
Modern GTL synthetics.
Synthetic engine oil according to the special technology BMW TwinPower Turbo Longlife-01 5W30 ensures and guarantees normal performance and unleashes the potential of the engine.
Product description
With this lubricant, the BMW LL-01 engine will gain a second wind, power, protection and unleash its potential. It is produced using GTL technology from liquefied and processed natural gas in a special way. It turns out synthetics, combining the qualities of PAO and NS-technologies. The issue is handled by the Shell concern in Germany.
The resulting BMW LL01 5W30 oil has excellent technical characteristics. These are increased wear and heat resistance, excellent detergent properties, prevention of the formation of harmful deposits inside the engine, protection of it from wear and corrosion, facilitation of cold starts, minimal waste consumption and ensuring fuel efficiency.
Application area
BMW Longlife 01 5W30 engine oil is designed for various models of BMW gasoline engines with the Longlife-01 requirement. Applicable in different types of vehicles. Since this oil is the same as Shell, it can be used in cars of other brands with the corresponding approvals and specifications.
Applicable in a wide range of conditions. So, it is great for both measured and high-speed driving, for city start-stop mode and driving on the highway. And all this is in a wide temperature range.
Canister 1 liter
Specifications
| Index | Test Method (ASTM) | Value / Unit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Viscosity characteristics | ||
| - | Viscosity grade | SAE J300 | 5W30 |
| - | Density at 15 ° C | ASTM D1298 | 0.843 kg / liter |
| - | Viscosity at 40 ° C | ASTM D445 | 54.4 mm² / s |
| - | Viscosity at 100 ° C | ASTM 445 | 11.9 mm² / s |
| - | Viscosity index | ASTM D2270 | 173 |
| - | Viscosity, apparent (dynamic) CCS at -35 ° C | ASTM D5293 | 5950 mPa.s |
| - | Evaporation PLA,% | ASTM D5800 (Method A) / DIN 51581-1 | 8.1% |
| - | Sulphated ash | ASTM D 874 | 0.7% mass |
| 2 | Temperature characteristics | ||
| - | Flash point | ASTM D92 | 232 ° C |
| - | Pour point | ASTM D97 | -48 ° C |
Approvals, approvals and specifications
API classification:
Quality class according to ACEA:
- A3 / B4.
Car manufacturers approvals:
- BMW Longlife-01.
Manufacturer approvals:
- BMW, MINI.
Release form and articles
- 83212365930 BMW TwinPower Turbo Longlife-01 5W-30 1L
Graph of viscosity of oils versus ambient temperature
How 5W30 stands for
Viscosity grade - all-season. The 5W30 marking indicates that it can be used all year round (letter w), in the range from minus 35 (indicator of minus viscosity according to SAE 5) and up to plus 30 (number 30 after the letter) degrees Celsius.
Advantages and disadvantages
BMW LL01 5W-30 engine oil has the following advantages:
- stable viscosity, independent of weather and road conditions;
- providing an easy cold start;
- high stability to high temperatures and oxidation;
- excellent lubricating properties;
- effective prevention of the formation of harmful deposits inside the engine;
- excellent washing and cleaning ability;
- promoting fuel economy;
- minimum evaporation and waste consumption.
The concept and principle of operation of a turbocharging system called Twin Turbo. Photos of the new turbocharged Biturbo engine, videos and diagrams.
What is it and how does it work?
Twin Turbo in English means double turbo and in this turbocharging system there are two turbochargers. At first, turbochargers were used to overcome the inertia of the system. Nowadays, the use and application of these turbochargers has grown significantly as it reduces fuel consumption. The power output is increased and helps maintain the rated torque over a wide engine speed range.
Types of Twin Turbo and their differences
There are three types of Twin Turbo circuitry: sequential, parallel, and staggered. These three schemes differ from each other in the location, characteristics and sequence of turbochargers. The electronic control system fine-tunes the operation of the turbochargers. The system includes input sensors, air flow control valve actuators and recycled fuel.
The trademark of the turbocharging system is Twin Turbo, but there is another name for this system - "Biturbo". It is not entirely correct in various information sources to perceive Biturbo as a system with a parallel turbocharger operation.
Video: how the turbine works:
1. Parallel Twin Turbo or Biturbo
The Parallel Twin Turbo system works simultaneously and in parallel with each other and includes two identical turbochargers. Parallel operation occurs due to the even division of the flow of burnt gases between the turbochargers. Compressed air exits from each compressor and enters the common intake manifold, and then is distributed among the cylinders. The parallel twin turbo is typically used on diesel V-engines. Due to the parallel turbocharging scheme, the efficiency of the system is based on the fact that two small turbines have less inertia than one large turbine. Turbochargers operate at all engine speeds to provide a rapid boost to boost. And each turbine is mounted on its own exhaust manifold.
In a sequential twin turbo system, the first turbocharger is constantly running, and the second starts to work in a certain engine operating order (increased speed, load). A sequential turbocharger includes two turbochargers of the same specification.
The electronic control system provides a transition between modes and regulates the flow of burnt gases to the second turbocharger using a special valve. It is correct to call such a system serial - parallel, because when the combustion control valve is fully opened, both turbochargers operate in parallel. Compressed air is supplied to a common intake manifold from two turbochargers and is distributed to the cylinders.
To achieve the highest possible power output, the Twin Turbo sequencing system minimizes the effects of turbo lag. They are used for both diesel and gasoline engines. In 2011, BMW introduced a system with three sequential turbochargers and calls it Triple Turbo.
Technically, the two-stage turbocharging system is the most advanced. BorgWarner Turbo Systems is installing this system on Cummins and BMW diesel engines, and since 2004 have introduced a two-stage turbocharging system on some Opel diesel engines.
The two-stage turbocharging system uses valve control for the flow of combustion gases and charge air. This system consists of two turbochargers of different sizes. Subsequently installed in the intake and exhaust ducts.
The waste gas bypass valve is closed at low engine speeds. The burnt gases pass through the small turbocharger, with maximum output and minimum inertia, and pass further through the large turbocharger. And since the pressure of the exhaust gases is not strong, therefore, the large turbine practically does not rotate. The boost bypass valve is closed at the inlet and air is supplied in series through the large and small compressors.
The general operation of turbochargers begins to take place with an increase in speed. And gradually the bypass valve of the burnt gases begins to open. The large turbine begins to spin more and more intensively, since part of the exhaust gases goes directly through it.
A large compressor at the inlet with a certain pressure begins to compress the air, but the pressure is not too high and the compressed air then enters the small compressor, where the pressure continues to increase. In this case, the bypass valve remains closed. The flue gas bypass valve opens fully at full load. The small turbine stops, and the large one begins to spin up to the maximum frequency, since the burnt gases pass through it almost completely. The charge pressure reaches its maximum value at the inlet of the large compressor, while the small compressor interferes with the air. And at a certain point, the boost bypass valve opens and the compressed air flows directly to the engine.
Thanks to the twin turbocharger system, the nominal torque is instantly achieved and maintained over a wide engine speed range. This achieves a maximum increase in power. In this way, the system maintains brilliant performance of the turbochargers in all engine operating conditions. The system also explains the well-known opposition of diesel engines between maximum power at high rpm and high torque at low rpm.
Video about Twin Turbo: how it works
