Tesla's battery is world renowned for the company's breakthrough in the field of electric vehicles. The idea is not new and has been mastered for many years by leading automotive companies. However, American designers were able to optimize this direction, taking into account the interests of the consumer. To a large extent, this has become possible due to innovative energy supply systems focused on full replacement familiar motors internal combustion... Consider the features and varieties of this drive.
Application
The development of fundamentally new types of li-ion batteries is due to the tasks of improving the performance of electric cars. In this regard, the base line of the Tesla Model S is focused on providing vehicle innovative power supplies. A feature of lithium-ion batteries is the introduction of a combined operation mode, in which alternating energy supply from an internal combustion engine and AB is allowed. At the same time, the company's engineers continue to develop machines that are completely independent of the usual type of fuel.
It should be noted that engineers are not limited solely to the creation of power elements for road transport... Several versions of Tesla rechargeable batteries have already been released for household and commercial use. If the option for an electric car is aimed at supporting the operation of chassis and on-board electronics, then stationary storage modifications are positioned as autonomous sources of electricity. The capabilities of these elements make it possible to use them for servicing home appliances. Additionally, research is underway on the accumulation of solar energy. The works are still at the development stage.
Device
Tesla rechargeable batteries have a unique structure and way of placing active components. The main difference from the analogue is the lithium-ion configuration. Similar elements are used in the construction of mobile devices and electric tools. Tesla engineers were the first to use them as AB for cars. The entire unit is divided into 74 compartments, outwardly resembling finger-type batteries. Depending on the battery configuration, it consists of 6 to 16 segments. The positive charge comes from the graphite electrode, negative point create several chemical constituents including nickel, cobalt and alumina.
Tesla batteries are integrated into the car by fixing them to the bottom of the vehicle. This arrangement provides a lowered center of gravity for the electric vehicle, enhancing handling. Special brackets are used as fasteners. Currently, there are not so many similar solutions, therefore, the specified part is often compared with a traditional rechargeable battery.
Important points concern safety and placement. The first factor is guaranteed by the high-strength housing in which the battery is mounted. In addition, each block is equipped with a fence in the form of metal plates. In this case, not the entire inner part is insulated, but each element separately. It should also be noted that there is a plastic lining that prevents water from entering.
- Converter.
- High voltage wiring.
- Main charger.
- Additional “charging”.
- Connector.
- Module.
Tesla battery characteristics
The most powerful battery for an electric car consists of 7104 small batteries. Below are the parameters of the specified element:
- Length / thickness / width - 2100/150/1500 mm.
- The electric voltage indicator is 3.6 V.
- The amount of power generated by one section is identical to the potential indicators of a hundred personal computers.
- Tesla batteries weigh 540 kg.
- Travel time on a single charge on a medium cell with a power of 85 kW / h is about 400 km.
- Speed up to 100 km / h - 4.4 seconds.
With these characteristics, a reasonable question arises, how durable these structures are, because high performance assumes intensive wear of active parts. It should be noted that the manufacturer gives an eight-year warranty for its products. Most likely, the working life of the considered AB will be the same.
While the owners electric cars cannot confirm or deny this fact. In addition, there are research results that indicate that the battery power parameter is characterized by its moderate loss. On average, this figure is about 5% for 80 thousand kilometers. There are other facts indicating that the owners of the specified vehicle refer to problems in the battery compartment less and less as new models are released.
Tesla battery capacity (S model)
It is necessary to evaluate the capacitive characteristics of batteries taking into account the development of production. During the improvement of the line, the indicator varied from 60 to 105 kW / h. Official information indicates that the peak battery capacity is around 100 kWh. As evidenced by the reviews of the owners, the real parameter will be slightly lower. For example, Tesla's 85 kW battery actually produces no more than 77 kW.
The history also provides opposite examples, confirming the excess of the volume. There are cases when a 100-kilowatt battery was endowed with a capacity of about 102 kW. From time to time, contradictions are found in the definition of active nutritional components. Mostly, discrepancies are observed in the estimates of the number of cells in a block. This is due to the fact that the battery is constantly being modernized and refined, equipped with innovative elements.
The manufacturer claims that every year the updated modifications undergo transformations in electronic parts, cooling system, architecture. The ultimate task of the designers is to achieve the highest possible quality characteristics of the product.
Power Wall version
As mentioned earlier, along with the production of Tesla car batteries, the company produces household versions of energy storage devices. One of the most productive and recent modifications is the lithium-ion version of the Power Wall. It is designed to generate energy as a permanent source, or it is operated as a standby structure like an autonomous generator. The model is presented in several variations, differing in capacity and serving to fulfill certain energy tasks. The most popular versions are 7 and 10 kWh units.
Regarding the operational parameters, it can be noted that the Power Wall has a power of 3.3 kW with an operating voltage of 350-450 watts, the current strength is 9 A. The weight of the structure is 100 kilograms, therefore, its mobility is out of the question. However, as an option, for example, for a summer residence in the summer, the block is quite suitable. The unit is transported without problems, since the designers pay great attention to the mechanical protection of the hull part. Certain disadvantages include a long period of battery charging (12-18 hours), depending on the drive modification.
Power Pack Model
The specified system is based on the previous version, however, it is focused on commercial purposes. This means that such a Tesla battery is used to service businesses. It is a scalable energy store that provides increased system performance at the target. It should be noted that the volume of the battery is 100 kW, while the indicated capacity does not apply to the maximum indicator. Engineers have provided a flexible design for the aggregation of several units with the ability to obtain values from 500 kW to 10 MW.
Single modifications are also being upgraded in terms of operational quality. Official information has already been received about the appearance of the second generation of commercial AB, in which the power parameter was 200 kW, and the efficiency approached 99%. The specified energy storage device is distinguished by its technological parameters. To expand the volume, the developers used a reversible inverter.
This innovation made it possible to simultaneously increase the power and performance of the system. The company plans to develop and implement Power Pack cells in the design of additional solar components such as Solar Roof. This approach allows renewing the energy potential of the battery not through special highways, but through a free solar flow in a continuous mode.
Production capacity
According to the manufacturer itself, the innovative batteries are manufactured at Tesla's own Gigafactory. The assembly procedure was organized with the participation of Panasonic representatives (supply of component parts for block segments). The said enterprise produces the latest designs of power supply systems focused on the third generation of Model.
It is assumed that the aggregate number of manufactured products at the limiting production cycle will be up to 35 GWh. It should be emphasized that the indicated volume is half of all the parameters of batteries produced in the world. The current service is carried out by a team of 6.5 thousand people. In the future, it is planned to create an additional 20 thousand jobs.
Among the features, a high degree of protection against hacking is noted. battery... This eliminates the possible risks of filling the market with counterfeit variations. In addition, the production procedure itself presupposes participation in the process of high-precision robotic technology. There is no doubt that only Tesla-level corporations are capable of displaying all the technological production nuances at the present time. Most of the interested organizations do not need to plagiarize, since they are intensively developing their own development.
Price policy
The cost of the Tesla battery is also constantly changing due to the reduction in the cost of production technologies and in connection with the release of updated components with increased operational parameters. Two or three years ago, the type of storage device under consideration was sold within 45 thousand dollars (about 3 million rubles). Now blocks have a price of about five thousand dollars (330,000 rubles).
About the same cost for home analogues of the Power Wall configuration. The most expensive versions are considered to be a commercial battery. For example, the first generation of this device can be purchased for $ 20-25000 (approximately 1,327,000 - 1,650,000 rubles).
Competing modifications
Tesla is not a monopoly on the production of li-ion batteries... Despite the fact that other brands are not well known on the market, their parameters are quite competitive. Among the popular representatives:
- The Korean corporation LG produces Chem Resu drives, which are analogs of Tesla's PowerWalls (a 6.5 kW / h system costs about $ 4,000 or 265,000 rubles).
- The product from Sunverge has a power range from 6 to 23 kW / h, is distinguished by the ability to monitor the charge and connect to solar panels (the price is 10-20 thousand dollars or 665,000 - 1,327,000 rubles).
- ElectrIQ sells household storage batteries with a capacity of 10 kW / h (together with an inverter, the product will cost $ 13,000 or 865,000 rubles).
- Among automobile competitors such firms as Nissan and Mercedes stand out.
The first auto giant produces a series of XStorage batteries (working volume - 4.2 kW / h). The nuances of this modification include a high level of environmental safety, which fully complies with world production standards. passenger cars... Mercedes produces compact versions 2.5 kW / h each. At the same time, they can be combined into increased productive systems with a capacity of 20 kW / h.
Peculiarities
Tesla batteries and their household counterparts are not very affordable for the mass consumer. With Power Wall systems, the situation changes somewhat due to the reduction in the cost of components. But the idea of aggregation with blocks of solar panels has not yet been successfully implemented due to the high cost. Undoubtedly, the possibility of accumulating a free source of energy is beneficial for consumers, but buying such structures is not affordable for most interested users.
A similar story is with other alternative drives, the principle of operation and the use of which gives a lot of advantages, but requires the use of high-tech devices and devices.
Outcome
In the market of batteries for electric cars, Tesla is the undisputed leader. This is largely due to the use of innovative equipment in the production of environmentally friendly transport. In doing so, the engineers of the leading company face certain obstacles. For example, the Model S series with lithium-ion cells has been criticized for its poor protection against ignition of the power cells.
However, designers are constantly improving their models and are constructive about criticism. For example, after the only fire in the entire history of the operation of electric vehicles, ABs began to install a hollow aluminum bar (to protect against obstacles on the road surface), a shield made of extruded aluminum and a titanium plate. Everyone who bought cars before this improvement is offered to complete them free of charge at service stations.
Let's take a look inside the battery electric Tesla Model S and find out how it works.
According to the North American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Model S only needs a single charge of 85 kWh batteries to travel more than 400 km, which is the most significant indicator among similar vehicles on the specialized market. To accelerate to 100 km / h, the electric car takes only 4.4 seconds.
The key to the success of this model is the availability of lithium-ion batteries, the main components of which are supplied for Tesla by Panasonic. Tesla batteries are steeped in legends. And so one of the owners of such a battery decided to violate its integrity and find out what it is inside. By the way, the cost of such a battery is 45,000 USD.
The battery is located in the underbody, giving Tesla a low center of gravity and excellent handling. It is attached to the body by means of brackets.
We disassemble:
The battery compartment is formed by 16 blocks, which are connected in parallel and shielded from the environment by means of metal plates, as well as a plastic cover that prevents water ingress.
Before completely disassembling it, the electrical voltage was measured, confirming the working condition of the battery.
The battery assembly is characterized by high density and precise fit of parts. The entire picking process takes place in a completely clean room, using robots.
Each unit consists of 74 cells, very similar in appearance to simple finger-type batteries (Panasonic Li-ion cells), divided into 6 groups. At the same time, it is almost impossible to find out the scheme of their placement and operation - this is a big secret, which means that it will be extremely difficult to make a replica of this battery. We are unlikely to see a Chinese analogue of the Tesla Model S battery.
The positive electrode is graphite, and the negative one is nickel, cobalt and alumina. The indicated amount of electrical voltage in the capsule is 3.6V.
The most powerful battery available (85 kWh) consists of 7104 such batteries. And it weighs about 540 kg, and its parameters are 210 cm long, 150 cm wide and 15 cm thick. The amount of energy generated by just one unit out of 16 is equal to the amount produced by a hundred batteries from laptop computers.
When assembling its batteries, Tesla uses elements produced in various countries, such as India, China, Mexico, but the final revision and assembly are made in the United States. The company provides warranty service for its products for up to 8 years.
Now you know what the battery of the Tesla Model S electric car consists of.
The loss of battery capacity during operation is one of the problems of electric vehicles, despite the fact that this process is the norm for any device equipped with lithium-ion batteries. However, experts from the Plug-in America organization have found that the electric car is an exception in this regard.
So they spent independent research, which showed that the loss of power from the Model S battery, even with long mileage, is small. In particular, the battery pack of this car, on average, loses 5% of its capacity after the car overcomes the mark of 50 thousand miles (80 thousand km), and with a run of more than 100 thousand miles (160 thousand km) - and even less than 8% ... The study was conducted on the basis of data from 500 Tesla Model S electric vehicles, the total mileage of which was more than 12 million miles (20 million km).
In addition, Plug-in America conducted another study, which showed that in four years (since the Tesla Model S entered the market), the number of calls to Tesla service stations due to problems with a battery, electric motor or charger has decreased significantly. device.
Battery capacity can be affected by several factors, such as how often the battery is fully charged, periods of uncharged time, and the number of quick charges. Plugin America data also shows that replacement rates for major components have improved significantly:
Such data are encouraging, but despite this, Tesla continues to work to improve its battery and cell technology. The company began a scientific collaboration with the Jeff Dahn research group at Dalhousie University. This department specializes in extending the life of lithium-ion battery cells, and its goal is to maximize battery life with little loss of power.
Note that the Tesla Model S battery, as well as the car itself, has been warranted for 8 years since 2014 and without any mileage restrictions. Then the head of Tesla Elon Musk explained the adoption of such a decision as follows: “If we really believe that electric motors are much more reliable than engines combustion, with fewer moving parts ... then our warranty policy should reflect that. "
Tesla Motors is the creator of truly revolutionary eco-vehicles, which are not only mass-produced, but also have unique characteristics that allow them to be used literally every day. Today we take a look inside the battery of a Tesla Model S electric vehicle, find out how it works and reveal the magic of this battery's success.
According to the North American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Model S only needs a single charge of 85 kWh batteries to travel more than 400 km, which is the most significant indicator among similar vehicles on the specialized market. To accelerate to 100 km / h, the electric car takes only 4.4 seconds.
The key to the success of this model is the availability of lithium-ion batteries, the main components of which are supplied for Tesla by Panasonic. Tesla batteries are steeped in legends. And so one of the owners of such a battery decided to violate its integrity and find out what it is inside. By the way, the cost of such a battery is 45,000 USD.
The battery is located in the underbody, giving Tesla a low center of gravity and excellent handling. It is attached to the body by means of brackets.
Tesla battery. We disassemble
The battery compartment is formed by 16 blocks, which are connected in parallel and shielded from the environment by means of metal plates, as well as a plastic cover that prevents water ingress.
Before completely disassembling it, the electrical voltage was measured, confirming the working condition of the battery.
The battery assembly is characterized by high density and precise fit of parts. The entire picking process takes place in a completely clean room, using robots.
Each unit consists of 74 cells, very similar in appearance to simple finger-type batteries (Panasonic Li-ion cells), divided into 6 groups. At the same time, it is almost impossible to find out the scheme of their placement and operation - this is a big secret, which means that it will be extremely difficult to make a replica of this battery. We are unlikely to see a Chinese analogue of the Tesla Model S battery!
The positive electrode is graphite, and the negative one is nickel, cobalt and alumina. ...
The most powerful battery available (85 kWh) consists of 7104 such batteries. And it weighs about 540 kg, and its parameters are 210 cm long, 150 cm wide and 15 cm thick. The amount of energy generated by just one unit out of 16 is equal to the amount produced by a hundred batteries from laptop computers.
When assembling its batteries, Tesla uses elements produced in various countries, such as India, China, Mexico, but the final revision and assembly are made in the United States. The company provides warranty service their products for up to 8 years.
Thus, you learned what the Tesla Model S battery consists of and how it works. Thank you for your attention!
Powered exclusively by electricity stored in batteries.
Since the beginning of Tesla production on its electric cars lineup The Model S, and later the Model X, installed batteries with a capacity of 40 to 100 kWh, each of which consists of 8, 12 or 16 sections.
Each section is an interconnected small Panasonic finger-type battery, slightly larger than standard AA batteries. Cylindrical Tesla batteries have a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm. It is also worth noting that their advantage lies in durability, reliability and performance in harsh automotive conditions.
1 - storage battery; 2 - Voltage converter (DC / DC); 3 - High voltage cable (orange); 4 - Main onboard charger 10 kW; 5 - Additional charger 10 kW (option); 6 - Charging connector; 7 - Drive module;
Battery 40 kWh
The 40-kilowatt battery comes in two types: a 40-kilowatt battery with 8 sections (segments / cells) (based on the Toyota RAV4 EV battery), and a 60-kilowatt battery that had 12 cells and was programmed to charge up to 40 kilowatts. ...
Tesla Model S 40 kWh were not popular, so their production was soon completed.
Battery 60 kWh
The 60 kW battery consisted of 12 or 16 sections. The 12-cell battery was installed on the Model S40, the 16-cell battery was designated "NEW" and was radically modified.
Battery 70/75 kWh
In addition to the fact that this battery was installed on the Model S60 (S60D), it was also installed on the S70 (S70D) and S75 (S75D), but with
advanced features.
The 60 kWh battery for the 60th model was distinguished by the absence of 77 AA batteries, for the 70s Model S, all 16 sections were filled with batteries completely, due to which the total battery capacity increased.
Battery 85/90 kWh
Tesla battery 85, 90 and 100 kWh consists of 16 sections. Each cell consists of 444 "finger" batteries and has its own BMS board, which controls the balancing of all cells.
The most popular battery supplied by Tesla (85 kWh) contains 7104 18650 batteries.
In 2015, Panasonic redesigned the anode, increasing the battery capacity by about 6%, allowing the battery packs to store up to 90 kW of energy. As a result, between the 90-kilowatt battery it differs from the 85-kilowatt one in terms of capacity:
- firstly, the capacity of a Panasonic 18650 battery in an 85-kilowatt battery has a weight of 46 grams; in a 90-kilowatt battery, the same battery weighs 48.5 grams;
- secondly, the current output in the 85th battery is 10C, in the 90th - 25C (for this reason, the Ludicrous mode is available only on Tesla with a 90 and 100 kWh battery, since the technical capabilities allow the car to be given a faster dynamics);
Battery 100 kWh
The most powerful Tesla battery. The internal battery cells have been reconfigured to accommodate 516 18650 batteries per module.
A total of 8256 Panasonic batteries were placed in the 100-kilowatt battery, capable of storing just over 100 kWh of energy and allowing Tesla's electric cars to travel more than 500 kilometers.
This battery has a current output of 25C and represents the "state of the art" in battery engineering from Tesla.
And even this development and improvement does not stop. To further improve battery efficiency and lower costs, Tesla has built a large battery factory in Sparks, Nevada, called Gigafactory 1.
The factory produces a new battery design called the 2170. It has a diameter of 21 mm and a height of 70 mm, and was originally used in the Tesla Powerwall and Powerpack, as well as the new Tesla Model 3 sedan, which is smaller and cheaper from the Model S.
The 2170 battery is 46% larger in volume than the 18650 and 10-15% more energy efficient than the 18650.
It is very important to properly charge the battery, namely with a proper charger - original or from a quality manufacturer, as from homemade chargers the battery overheats, poor contacts and poor current quality, resulting in a strong impact on the capacity and longevity of the battery.
During operation, the manufacturer strongly recommends not exposing the car to continuous exposure to temperatures above + 60C or below -30C for more than 24 hours
It is recommended not to completely discharge the battery. If the car is not in use, energy is gradually consumed to power the on-board electronics (the battery is discharged by an average of 1% every day).
To prevent full discharge, it is recommended that the vehicle be switched to energy-saving mode, which cuts off the power to the on-board electronics, which will reduce the discharge to 4% per month. It is also worth noting that in the energy-saving mode, the 12-volt battery stops charging, which will lead to a full discharge within 12 hours. Therefore, in this case, you will need to connect to an external starting battery or replace it.
But, do not forget that when activating the energy saving mode, you must connect the car to a power source for 2 months to prevent a complete discharge of the Tesla battery.
