On June 26, 2008, the first roll-out of a new generation military transport aircraft took place in Seville, Spain. A400M, created by the EADS concern and designed to eventually replace the entire fleet of aircraft of this class in a number of NATO countries. It is expected that in a few years such machines will be able to appear in service with the Air Force of some European countries - France, Germany, Great Britain, Spain and Turkey, and later - Luxembourg and Belgium. Orders for the A400M have also been placed today by two countries far from Europe - South Africa and Malaysia.
The history of the A400M creation program began back in 1982 - then Aerospatiale, British Aerospace, Lockheed and Messerschmitt-Belkov-Blom (MBB) joined forces in the framework of the FIMA project (Future International Military Aircraft - "Promising international military transport aircraft”), the purpose of which was to create a new tactical military transport aircraft (MTA) capable of replacing the aging American C-130 Hercules and the European C.160 Transal. However, the project progressed extremely difficult - mainly due to the difference (and sometimes significant) in the tactical, technical and other requirements for the aircraft by the participating countries.
In 1989, Lockheed exited the project and relied on the development of an upgraded version of the Hercules, designated the C-130J Super Hercules. At the same time, Alenia and CASA join the FIMA program, and the project itself is undergoing rebranding and is called Euroflag (Euroflag is an abbreviation for the European Future Large Aircraft Group, i.e. "Group for the development of European advanced large aircraft"). However, the changed military-political situation in the world and, as a result, the reduction in military spending, did Euroflag a disservice - the project was frozen. Among other things, the decision of the governments of France and Germany to stop public funding of the program played a role.
In the second half of the 90s. the heads of the concerned departments of eight NATO countries agreed to join forces in the development of tactical and technical requirements for a promising tactical military-technical cooperation, which received the symbol "Promising large military transport aircraft" (FLA). And in September 1997, a request was sent to the developers for a technical proposal for the aircraft. Moreover, one of the most significant motives for accelerating the launch of the A400M program was the dissatisfaction of the command of the armed forces of the NATO countries with the flight performance of the modernized military-technical cooperation C-130J Super Hercules proposed by the Americans.
The new modification of the overseas "veteran", firstly, retained the same diameter of the fuselage, which did not allow to increase the volume and mass of the transported payload, as well as to transport a number of large-sized samples of army combat and auxiliary equipment in the aircraft. Secondly, the speed qualities of the machine turned out to be much lower than the requirements that were imposed on the military-technical cooperation of this class by the air forces of the European countries of NATO. And, finally, thirdly, the European generals were not at all satisfied with the flight range of the upgraded Hercules at maximum load: it is about 3800 km, while the A400M with the same 20 tons of cargo is about 6900 km.
Starting customer A400M became the Royal Air Force of Great Britain, which signed a letter of intent to purchase 130 aircraft on May 9, 2000 (though the application was subsequently reduced to 25 aircraft). Only after that, on July 27 of the same year, the defense ministers of seven European states - Great Britain, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy, Turkey and France - signed a joint declaration that officially secured the status of the A400M as a single promising operational-tactical military transport aircraft of their armed forces. And in December of the following year, Airbus signed an official contract with the United European Agency for the Procurement of Arms and Military Equipment OCCAR (Organization Conjointe de Cooperation en Matiere d'Armement) to develop a promising military-technical cooperation, conduct its testing and organize mass production with subsequent delivery to customers .
The modern A400M is no longer just a typical operational-tactical military-technical cooperation, but a machine that has some of the properties of an operational-strategic military transport aircraft. In terms of payload mass, which reaches 37 tons, it is almost twice as large as the latest representatives of the Hercules family (the C-130H and C-130J have a payload capacity of about 19 tons). The advantage in flight range is also impressive: for the A400M, it reaches 3300 km with a maximum load of 37 tons, and with a load of 20 tons it increases to 6900 km, while for the Hercules, with half the maximum load, the range is only 3800 km, and the "Super Hercules" - 5250 km. The A400M will be capable of transferring troops and various cargoes, parachuting or landing them in any weather conditions, day and night, using concrete, equipped unpaved and even unprepared runways. A distinctive feature of the aircraft, according to the developers, will be the relatively low cost of its life cycle, which, according to engineers, should be at least 30 years.
A400M is a wide-body high-wing wing with a T-tail and a cargo ramp at the rear of the fuselage with a length of 5.4 m. ” (“Scimitar”) are made entirely of composites.
The cargo compartment has a length of 17.71 m (without a ramp), a width of 4.0 m and a minimum height of 3.85 m. Moreover, in the middle part of the fuselage, behind the wing, the height of the cargo compartment reaches 4.0 m. The volume of the cargo compartment is 356 m3 , and the useful area of the mechanized floor is 92 m2. This will allow placing in the A400M cargo compartment without prior disassembly all the main types of weapons, military and special equipment in service with NATO countries: AN-64, Tiger, A-129, Puma and NH90 helicopters, artillery pieces, including .h. 203-mm howitzers, MLRS, armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles. The aircraft is equipped with two electric winches, and optionally it is possible to install a monorail cargo crane with a lifting capacity of 5 tons in the rear fuselage, near the cargo ramp, to speed up and facilitate the loading and unloading of standard cargo pallets from the ground or from vehicles. The crane is controlled by an operator using a remote control, at whose workplace there is a computerized control system with a database for all types of standard loads used in the armed forces of NATO countries: it contains detailed characteristics of the loads - weight, dimensions, center of gravity, attachment points and etc.
The A400M aircraft is equipped with a fly-by-wire control system and, like other Airbus aircraft, has a so-called "glass" pilot's cockpit, built on the basis of nine large (6x6 inches) color multifunctional LCDs and a digital information display system on the windshield. The pilot's cabin is designed for two pilots and one operator of special-purpose systems (for example, electronic warfare or transfer of fuel to other aircraft and helicopters). There is also one folding seat, and the operator's seat for loading and unloading systems is located under the pilot's cabin, on the cargo deck. The aircraft control system was developed by the specialists of Thales and Diehl Avionik System, taking as a basis individual modules of the control system from the A380 airliner.
The most vital elements of the cockpit - windows, pilot seats and their surroundings - can be optionally armored, which will allow them to withstand the impact of 12.7-mm armor-piercing bullets without damage. In addition, the aircraft ordered by the German Air Force will be equipped with a TMLLF (Terrain Masking Low Level Flight) system manufactured by EADS. The concern's specialists also provide delivery of the MMMS (Military Mission Management System) on-board flight task monitoring system based on two powerful on-board computers: it allows you to automatically control such operations as loading and unloading cargo and equipment, calculating the necessary and permissible aircraft load based on the established standards and the nature of the task, the calculation of the time for dropping cargo (landing personnel), controls fuel consumption, etc.
The complexes and systems of the on-board radio-electronic equipment of the aircraft are combined on the basis of the multiplex data bus of the MIL-STD-1553B standard. The avionics will include a modern high-precision inertial navigation system with a satellite navigation signal receiver and an AN / APN-241E weather navigation radar from the American company Northrop-Grumman. There are four pylons on the wing consoles for installing suspended air refueling units when using the aircraft as a tanker or containers with electronic warfare equipment.
Self-defense complex A400M consists of an airborne warning system for an air defense missile system or radar for fighters of the ALR-400 type by EADS Defense Electronics and Indra, an IR missile attack warning system of the MIRAS type (by EADS and Tales), as well as a passive jamming system , including 24 launchers of IR traps and chaff and towed traps for the withdrawal of missiles with radar seeker. In the future, it is possible to install on the aircraft the latest system of active counteraction to attacking guided missiles - the DIRCM laser complex. Self-defense equipment is controlled automatically using a special on-board computer (Defensive Aids Computer).
The A400M power plant includes four TP400-D6 turboprop engines with an HP 11,000 power. consortium Europrop International created by Rolls-Royce (Great Britain, 28%), ITP (Spain, 16%), MTU (Germany, 28%) and Snecma (France, 28%). Although initially the promising M138 engine jointly developed by Snekma, MTU, ITP and the Italian Fiat Avia, based on the gas generator of the Snekma M88 bypass turbojet engine installed on the Rafal fighter, was considered the favorite of the tender for the engine for the A400M, the winner was namely the TP400-D6, created with the extensive use of Rolls-Royce technologies developed on the Trent series of jet engines. The TP400-D6 is a three-shaft turboprop equipped with FADEC. The aircraft uses eight-bladed Simita propellers with saber-shaped blades, designed and manufactured by Ratier-Figeac (Ratier-Figeac is a French subsidiary of Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation). The propellers have an adjustable pitch, a maximum rotation speed of 840 rpm and a diameter of 5.3 m, are made of composite materials with a polyurethane anti-corrosion coating and are equipped with an electric anti-icing system, and in the most dangerous places they have a nickel-plated protective coating to prevent damage to the propeller by foreign objects.
Airplane A400M it is supposed to be used in several configurations: cargo, transport and landing (accommodates 116 paratroopers in full ammunition and with standard weapons), medical evacuation (takes on board 66 stretcher wounded, accompanied by 25 doctors, it is also possible to organize an intensive care unit on board), as well as a tanker aircraft and an electronic reconnaissance and surveillance aircraft (containers with the necessary equipment are suspended under the wing).
In the landing version, four rows of seats are installed in the cargo compartment of the aircraft - two rows run along the sides and can be removed if necessary, and two more removable rows are in the center. Paratroopers can use either two side hatches for landing, or perform a drop directly from the aft ramp. According to calculations, in the tanker version, after equipping the A400M with two or three refueling points, the aircraft, having on board 50 tons of its own fuel and 12 tons additionally in the cargo compartment (in two six-ton tanks), from which up to 40 tons of fuel can be transferred, will able to provide patrols for 4 hours at a distance of about 740 km from the base airfield, serving both jet aircraft and helicopters. Two nacelles with fuel transfer systems can be installed under the wing within two hours (fuel transfer rate 1200 kg / min for each), and the third point can be arranged if necessary in the rear fuselage, in the cargo hold (1800 kg / min). For its own in-flight refueling, the A400M has a retractable receiving bar located in its bow above the cockpit.
The maximum load of the A400M aircraft is 37 tons and can include nine standard "NATO" type 463L cargo pallets measuring 2.2x2.7 m, two of which are on a ramp, or 20 one-ton pallets. Loading options include six light trucks or Land Rover jeeps; one air defense system "Roland"; two 5-ton trucks with 105 mm guns; three armored personnel carriers of the M113 type; army engineering tractor with a 25-ton semi-trailer; excavator and large dump truck; two Apache or Tiger attack helicopters; one transport helicopter type NH90; one mobile cargo army crane, etc.
Airbus (a division of Airbus Military) is the main contractor for the program, and other EADS divisions, the British BAE Systems, the Belgian company Flabel and the Turkish Tusas Aerospace Industries are selected as the main subcontractors. In total, 159 companies and organizations from several countries of the world are involved in the A400M program to one degree or another. The final assembly of the aircraft is carried out at the plant of the Spanish division of EADS in Seville (Spain), the assembly line was launched in the first quarter of 2007. In addition to the final assembly, Spain is also responsible for the manufacture of horizontal tail, vertical tail elements and engine nacelles. In France, the head of the fuselage with the cockpit, the center section and its fairings, the cargo ramp and landing gear fairings are manufactured, in Germany - the middle and tail parts of the fuselage, wing panels and vertical tail elements, in the UK - wing boxes and the assembly of wing consoles as a whole is carried out, in Turkey - the fuselage compartment behind the cockpit, tail fairing and wing elements, in Belgium - wing elements and some other structural units.
American experts published a forecast according to which the cost of acquiring a fleet of 50 aircraft A400M and related equipment and infrastructure will cost the customer $ 4 billion, and over a 30-year operating life, operating costs will amount to another $ 10 billion. So the car turned out to be “not cheap”, unofficially called the cost of $ 100 million per unit. For comparison, the latest modification of the "Super Hercules" will cost the buyer only 67 million dollars.
Flight performance A400M
Aircraft length full, m 45.1
Wingspan, m 42.4
Aircraft height, m 14.7
Wing area, m2 221.5
Empty aircraft weight, t 66.5
Maximum takeoff weight, t 141
Maximum landing weight, t 122
Maximum load capacity, t 37
Fuel reserve, t 50.5
Maximum cruising speed, km/h 780
Cruise number М 0.68–0.72
Practical ceiling, m 12 200
Flight range, km:
- at maximum payload 3300
- at a load of 30 t 4500
- at a load of 20 t 6400
- distillation 8700
Takeoff run, m 940
Run length, m 820
Motor type TP400-D6
Takeoff power, hp 11 000
The UK Royal Air Force took delivery of the first Airbus A400M Atlas tactical air transport, to form its first squadron during 2015. The plane arrived from an aircraft factory located in Seville, Spain.
The Airbus A400M is the first of 22 aircraft ordered by the UK for delivery by 2018. The main recipients of the aircraft will be European countries: France - 50 units, Spain - 27 units, Germany - 53 units. and Great Britain - 22 units.
The Airbus A400M Atlas is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft. Design work and production is carried out by the Airbus Military division.
The aircraft was developed as a transport glider to replace the obsolete Transall C-160 and Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules. In addition to transportation, the liner can perform the functions of electronic surveillance and air refueling.
To date, 174 aircraft have been ordered and are to be delivered to 8 countries. In March 2013, the aircraft was issued a flight safety certificate with full certification by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The first aircraft was delivered to the French Air Force in August 2013. The total cost of the liner is 152.4 million euros.
The aircraft has a cargo compartment:
- length - 17.71 m,
- width - 4 m,
- height - 3.85 m,
- ramp 5.4 m long.
To perform tactical tasks, the aircraft is equipped with various equipment designed:
for the carriage of goods;
transportation and landing of troops;
as a tanker;
transportation of the wounded;
electronic intelligence.
The Airbus A400M has carbon fiber and reinforced plastic wings. The propellers are 8-bladed propellers made of composite material. The propellers on each wing rotate in the opposite direction, which is extremely rarely used.
The aircraft is fitted with a new Miras missile warning infrared sensor.
Specifications:
crew - 3 or 4 pilots;
carrying capacity - 37 tons, 116 personnel or 66 stretchers with the wounded;
dimensions: length -45.1 m, height - 14.7 m;
wingspan - 42.4 m;
weight (gross) - 76.5 tons;
maximum takeoff weight - 141 tons;
fuel tank capacity - 50.5 tons;
power plant - 4X Europrop TP400-D6, 11,000 hp each;
cruising speed - 780 km / h;
flight range - 3298 km;
flight range - 8710 km;
climb ceiling - 11300 m;
runway - lifting -980 m, landing 770 m.
Airbus A400M Atlas interior
And again about motorized carriages of the pre-war period. The last issue was dedicated to Framo, but now we will talk about another German company - Tempo.
Tempo was founded in Hamburg in 1928. The first product was a three-wheeled cargo ... er ... tarantass called T1.
Tempo T1, 1928-1930 264 produced.
They were produced for only two years and 264 pieces were made. In the mid-30s, a whole family of tricycles appeared, both cars and trucks, unified with each other. Here is the passenger Tempo:
Tempo 3-rad, 1930s
But apparently, there were few light tricycles produced: there is almost no information about this model. But a whole family of trucks was produced: A200, A400, E200, E400. They had an identical “muzzle” and cabin, but different engine sizes and different bodies: a pickup truck, a flatbed truck, a van.
Tempo A400 airborne, 1938-1948
Tempo A400 pickup, 1939
A400 was the most massive: from 1938 to 1948, 36,790 units were produced.
Trmpo E400 van, 1936-1937 3311 pieces
Four-wheel trucks A600 and E600 were also produced.
Tempo A600, 1938-1943 11499 pieces.
But the most exotic car was the Tempo Vidal G1200. This is a passenger car, but not an easy one, but a golden four-wheel drive. With two engines. One in front and one in the back. True, no more than 20 pieces of such “pullers” were released.
Tempo Vidal G1200, 1936-1939 (-1941?) Issued at most 20 pieces.
After the war, the company continued to produce the three-wheeled E400, which was modernized in 1948 and received the name Hanseat. Under this name, it was produced until 1956, after which its production was transferred to India. In the 50s, the Matador family of cabover trucks and vans appeared, but that's another story.
Airbus A400M- four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft manufactured by Airbus Military.
The first copy of the A400M was demonstrated on June 26, 2008 in Seville.
Design
Turboprop engines A400M (model)
According to the developers, the A400M aircraft will provide for the transfer of troops and cargo, their landing by parachute or landing method in any weather conditions and at night using unprepared runways, including unpaved ones, and have a relatively low life cycle cost. In addition, this military-technical vehicle must fly at high subsonic speeds at low altitudes as part of a group, have an armored cockpit and vital systems, as well as four underwing pylons for installing outboard refueling units or EW system containers. According to its creators, the service life of the new machine will be at least 30 years, and the operating temperature range is ± 50 °C. Complexes and systems of on-board radio-electronic equipment (avionics) are planned to be combined with a multiplex data distribution bus of the 1553 V standard.
The new aircraft will be a high-wing wide-body monoplane with a T-tail and a cargo ramp at the rear of the fuselage. The design is supposed to widely use composite materials, as well as components and assemblies of a modular type.
It is planned to include four turboprop engines with a capacity of at least 13,000 hp into the power plant of the machine. With. every. As the main option, a promising Ml 38 engine jointly developed by SNECMA (France), MTU (Germany), Fiat Avia (Italy) and ITP (Spain), made on the basis of the gas generator of the M88 bypass turbojet engine, which is equipped with the Rafal tactical fighter ". At the beginning of 2000, these companies decided to create a new enterprise - TIP (Turboprop International), whose main task will be the development and production of Ml 38 engines for the A-400M aircraft. It is believed that this will achieve the specified performance characteristics of the aircraft.
The expected composition of the aircraft avionics will include a modern radar station, a high-precision navigation system, advanced means of displaying information in the cockpit, including color multifunctional indicators and equipment for displaying information on the windshield, as well as an integrated control system, which, according to the developers, can significantly reduce load on the crew and reduce it to two people.
The volume of the cargo compartment will be about 340 m³, which is almost 2 times more than that of existing aircraft of a similar purpose. This will make it possible to place all the main types of weapons without prior disassembly, including the AN-64, Tiger, A. 129, Puma HNH-90 helicopters, artillery pieces, including 203-mm M110 howitzers (SAU), multiple launch rocket systems fire and armored personnel carriers. At the same time, it must be equipped with a cargo ramp, on which it is possible to install cargo and equipment weighing at least 6 tons.
According to the calculations of the developers, the promising aircraft will have high combat effectiveness and improved performance compared to the existing tactical military-technical cooperation. Due to its takeoff and landing characteristics and improved chassis design, it will be able to take off (land) from unprepared unpaved areas up to 900 m long, as well as perform maneuvers with a small turning radius.
Based on the A-400M, it is planned to create a version of a transport and refueling aircraft with two or three refueling points. It is believed that, having on board 45 tons of delivered fuel, it will be able to provide patrols for 3 hours at a distance of about 930 km from the base airfield.
The total cost of the A-400M military-technical cooperation development program is about $6 billion. According to foreign experts, the air forces of Western European countries need more than 250 new machines (Germany - 75, France - 62, Great Britain - up to 50, Italy - 32, Turkey - 20, Belgium - 12 and Portugal - 9) at a cost of 60 - 70 million dollars .
In connection with the reduction of the defense budget of France and Germany for the period from 1997 to 2002, they refused state funding for the program. At the same time, they do not object to the creation of the aircraft at the expense of the development firms, which will be reimbursed to them in the future. To select the best solutions for the acquisition of new aircraft for their Air Force, specialists from the Western European Union analyzed the state of development of promising military-technical cooperation in the United States, Russia and Ukraine in order to determine the possibility and expediency of their purchase.
The generalized report noted that the promising military-technical cooperation S-17A (USA), An-70 (Ukraine, Russia) and its export version - An-7X significantly outperform the A-400M aircraft in a number of performance indicators, in particular, in terms of "useful load/flight range”, and fully meet European standards, it was also noted that the development of the military-technical cooperation An-70 is ahead of the A-400M project by at least ten years. At the same time, their purchase for the Air Force of Western European countries was recognized as undesirable and the need for further work on this program was justified. The main arguments in favor of this are the relatively high cost of American aircraft, as well as the need to maintain and further develop the potential of the European aerospace industry and enter the international market with aircraft of its own design.
For these purposes, the main companies participating in the program, on the basis of the Aerospatial company, created the Airbus Military industrial association, which includes about 30 percent. its production capacity. Its main task is to carry out work to ensure the preparation of production and the construction of a prototype aircraft. Financing of this phase (about 500 million dollars) is carried out directly by the firms participating in the creation of a new military-technical cooperation. The association expressed its readiness to finance the French part of the program (1.3 billion dollars) upon receipt of firm guarantees of the order by the French Air Force with subsequent payment for at least 52 aircraft. The company's specialists believe that the first flight of the new aircraft may take place in 2004, and the supply of military-technical cooperation to combat units will begin in 2006.
On June 26, 2008, in the city of San Pablo near Seville, at the aircraft factory of the Spanish company CASA, which is part of EADS, the roll-out ceremony of the first prototype of the A400M medium military transport aircraft took place. This aircraft has been in development since 2003, with components manufactured in Germany, France, South Africa, Turkey and the UK, with final assembly in Spain. At the moment, EADS has orders for 192 A400M, and in the future it is going to build up to 400 machines. Flight tests of the A400M are scheduled to begin this year, and it will be put into service in 2010. The celebration in San Pablo was attended by the King of Spain Juan Carlos I and other VIPs
Order cancellations
Specifications
- Modification: A400M
- Wingspan, m: 42.40
- Aircraft length, m: 45.10
- Aircraft height, m: 14.70
- Wing area, m²: 221.5
- Empty weight: 70000
- Maximum takeoff weight: 141000
- Internal fuel, kg: 50500
- Engine type: 4 HPT Europrop International TP400-D6
- Power, hp: 4 x 11000
- Cruise speed, M: 780 (M=0.72)
- Ferry range, km: 9260
- Practical range, km: 7220
- Range with maximum load, km: 4300
- Practical ceiling, m: 11280
- Crew, people: 2-3
- Payload: 120 paratroopers or soldiers or 66 stretchers with attendants or 37,000 kg of cargo or 41,000 kg of fuel, loading options: 2 RAH-2 Tiger or AH-64 Apache helicopters, or 1 Cougar, NH90 helicopter, or 1 GTK-type armored transport vehicle , or 6 Land Rover vehicles, or 1 Roland rocket launcher, or two 5-ton trucks with 2 105mm cannons, or 40 40ft ISO containers, or 1 mobile crane.
Notes
Links
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RP LFPK RTYUOYOE TBVPFSCH ZTHRRSC FIMA, CH LPFPTHA CHIPDYMY JTBOGHULBS Aerospatiale, VTYFBOULBS British Aerospace, OENEGLBS Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Y BNETILBOULBS Lockheed, YMY OY YBFLP, OH CHBMLP Y BLMAYUBMYUSH, CH PUOPCHOPN, CH RTEDRTPELFOSCHI YUUMEDCHBOYSI PVMYLB VHDHEEZP UBNPMEFB. fBLPE RPMPTSOYE OE HUFTBYCHBMP, CH RETCHHA PYUETEDSh, "mPLIYD", LPFPTBS CHYDEMB IPTPYYE CHPNPTSOPUFY DMS RTPDBTSY OPCHSCHI CHFU CH UFTBOBI FTEFSHEZP NYTB Y VSCHMB OEDPHPMSHOB NEDMEOOSHCHN IPDPN RT PELFITCHBOYS. h 1989 Z. BNETYLBOGSHCH CHCHYMY YЪ RTPELFB, RETEPTYEOFYTPCHBCHYUSH ABOUT TBTBVPFLKh OPCHPK NPDYZHYLBGYY "ZETLKHMEUB" - NPDEMY u-130J. L UMPCHH ULBBFSH, YN HDBMPUSH UDEMBFSH DPCHPMSHOP HDBYuOKHA NBYOKH, RPMShPCHBCHYHAUS OBYUYFEMSHOSHCHN URTPUPN, CH FPN YUYUME Y CH uFBTPN UCHEFE.
LBL Y PTSYDBMPUSH, HIPD "MPLIYDB" BUFBCHYM ECHTPREKGECH MYYSH RMPFOEE UPNLOHFSH TSDSCH CH UCHPEN UFTENMEOYY L VMBZPTPDOPK GEMY - DPVYFSHUS FEIOPMZYUEULPK OYEBCHYUYNPUFY PF uyb . ABOUT NEUFP YDEPMPZYUEULY OEUFPKLYI BNETYLBOULYY RBTFOETCH RTYYMY YFBMSHSOULBS JYTNB Alenia Y YURBOULBS CASA, H TEEKHMSHFBFE YuEZP ZTHRRB FIMA VSMB RTEPTVBCHBOB CH L POUPTHYHN Euroflag. u FFPZP NPNEOFB RTPELF UFBM RTYPVTEFBFSH OBNOPZP VPMEE LPOLTEFOSHCHE PYUETFBOYS, RTYYUEN OE FPMSHLP CH FEIOYYUEULPN UNSCHUME, OP Y CH RMBOE PTZBOYBGYPOOP-ZHJOBUPCHSHI URUPUPVCH EZP TEBMYIBGYY. pVEBS YDES BLMAYUBMBUSH H FPN, YuFPVSH EEE DP OBYUBMB RPUFTPKLY UBNPMEFB UZHPTNYTPCHBFSH OB OEZP LPOUPMYDYTPCHBOOSCHK FCHETDSHK BLB PF VPMSHYYOUFCHB BRBDOPECHTPREKU LYI ZPUHDBTUFCH Y DPVYFSHUS RPMOPZP ZPUZHJOBOUITCHBOYS CHUEI TBVPF. ZPCHPTS RTPEE, RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHBN RTEDMBZBMPUSH LKHRIFSH LPFB CH NEYLE, RTYUEN PRFPN Y PYUEOSH DPTPZPZP.
obdp MY ZPCHPTYFSH, UFP LFB YDES RTPVYCHBMB UEV DPTPZH CH TSYOSH U VPMSHYN FTHDPN? NOPZYE CHTPREKULIE LURETFOSHCHE ZTHRRSH Y DBCE GEMSE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB CHSHTBTSBMY UPNOOYE H TEBMSHOPUFY UPDBOYS LPOLHTEOFPURPUPVOPZP PVEEECHTPREKULPZP FBLFYUEULPZP CHPEOOP-F TBOURPTFOPZP UBNPMEFB Y CH ZhZHZHELFYCHOPUFY YNEOOP FBLPZP RHFY EZP UPDBOYS - ЪBFTBFOPZP, VEEBMShFETOBFYCHOPZP, FEIOYYUEULY TYULPCHBOOPZP. uFBMY TBDBCHBFSHUS ZPMPUB CH RPMSh RTPCHEDEOYS FEODETB ABOUT BLHRLH FBLPZP UBNPMEFB U RTCHMEYUEOYEN HYUBUFOILPCH Yb uyb, B FBLCE tPUUYY Y hLTBYOSCH. b zhTBOGYS Y zhtz U 1997 Z. CHPPVEE PFLBBMYUSH PF ZPUHDBTUFCHEOOPZP ZHIOBOUYTPCHBOYS RTPZTBNNSHCH, UUSCHMBSUSH ABOUT UPLTBEEOYE VADTSEFB UCHPYI PVPTPOOSCHI CHEDPNUFCH. chNEUFE U FEN, POY OE ChPTBTSBMY RTPFICH UPDBOYS UBNPMEFB b UYUEF UTEDUFCH ZHITN-TBTBVPFYuILPCH, PVEEBS Ch DBMSHOEKYEN CHP'NEUFYFSH YI ЪBFTBFSHCH.
l LPOGH CHELB CHPUENSH UFTBO obfp - VEMShZYS, CHEMYLPVTYFBOYS, yURBOYS, yFBMYS, MALUENVKhTZ, zhTBOGYS, zhtz Y fHTGYS - OBLPOEG, UHNEMY DPZPCHPTYFSHUS Y CHSHTBVPFBFSH PVEYE FB LFYLP-FEIOOYYUEULYE FTEVPCHBOYS L RETURELFYCHOPNKH chfu, LPFPTSHCHE UFBMY YNEOPCHBFSHUS ECHTPREKULYNY yFBvoshchny ftEVPCHBOISNY (eyf). SING TSE PYASCHYMY UPCNEUFOSHCHK FEODET ABOUT BLHRLH UBNPMEFB, OBIMHYUYN PVTBBPN PFCHEYUBAEZP DBOOPNKh DPLKHNEOPH. h FEODETE, RPNYNP RTPELFB FIMA, RPMKHYUYCHYEZP L FPNKh NPNEOPKH PVP-OBYEOOYE FLA - Future Large Aircraft, RTYOSMY HYBUFYE DCHE BNETYLBOULYE NBYYOSCH "MPLIYD-nBTFYO" - C-130J Y "vPYOZ" u-17, B FBLCE UPCHNEUFOPE HLTBYOP-TPUYKULP-ECHTPRECULPE RTEDMPTSEOIE BO -7i. y 1999 Z. LPOUPTGYKHN Euroflag VSCHM RTEPVTBBPCHBO CH Airbus Military Company - DPUETOAA LPNRBOYA LPOGETOB EADS, UREGIBMSHOP UZHPTNYTPCHBOOKHA DMS HRTBCHMEOYS RTPELFPN. upPFCHEFUFCHEOOP, UBNPMEF RPMHYUYM ZHITNEOOPE "LTVBUPCHULPE" OBYNEOPCHBOYE b400n.
9 NBS 2000 Z. LPNBODPCHBOYE LPTPMECHULYI chchu CHEMILPVTYFBOY, OE DPTSYDBSUSH RPDCHEDEOYS YFPZCH FEODETB, RPDRYUBMP RYUSHNP P OBNETEOISI RTIPVTEUFY 130 LENRMSTCH b400n, UFBCH UFBTFPCHSHCHN BLBYUILPN LFPC NBYOSCHCHN. rTBCHDB, RPJCE LFB ЪBSCHLB HTSBMBUSH DP 25 YFHL, OP CH FPF NPNEOF UCHPA TPMSh POB USHZTBMB: UMEDHS RTYNETH BOZMYUBO, HCE Yuetey NEUSG RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB zhtz Y ZhTBOGYY UDEMBMY CHSHCHVPT CH RPMShbH b400n. rP LFPNKh RPCHPDKh RTEUU-UMHTSVB LPOGETOB EADS TBURTPUFTBOYMB 9 YAOS ЪBSCHMEOYE, CH LPFPTPN ZPCHPTYMPUSH: "pVB RTBCCHYFEMSHUFCHB CHSCHVTBMY OBYVPMEE UCHTENEOOOSCHK Y ZHZHELFYCHOSCHK U BNPMEF. b400n RPMPTSYF LPOEG BNETYLBOULPK NPOPRPMYY ABOUT THE SCHOLE OF FTBOURPTFOSHCHI UBNPMEFPCH". b CH YAME 2000 Z. NYOYUFTSHCH PVPTPOSCH HTS UENY ECHTPREKULYI ZPUHDBTUFCH (VEMSHZYY, CHEMYLPVTYFBOYY, ZETNBOYY, YURBOYY, IFBMYY, FHTGIY Y ZHTBOGYY) RPDRYUBMY UPCNEUFOHA DEL MBTBGYA, LPFPTBS PZHYGYBMSHOP PRTDEDEMYMB b400n h DELBVTE UMEDHAEZP ZPDB "tTVBU NYMYFBTY" BLMAYUYMB U pVYAEDOOEOOOSCHN ECHTPREKULYN BZEOFUFCHPN RP BLHRLE CHPPTHTSEOIK Y CHPEOOPC FEIOYLY (OCCAR) RTECHBTYFEMSHOSHCHK L POFTBLF ABOUT TBTBVPFLH b400n, EZP YURSHCHFBOIS, UETIKOPE RTPYCHPDUFCHP Y RPUFBCHLH BLBYUYLBN. UPCHPLKHROSCHK PVYAEN BLPOFTBLFPCHBOOSCHI UBNPMEFPCH VSCHM PRTEDEMEO CH 196 EDYOYG, B UFPYNPUFSH LPOFTBLFB DPUFYZMB OECHIDBOOPK DPFPME CHEMYUYOSCHCH CH 20 NMTD. ECTP. LPF H NEYLE VSCHM RTPDBO VMEUFSEE.
DECHSOPUFSHCHE ZPDSH VSCHMY RETYPDPN YOFEOUYCHOSHI ZEPRPMYFYUEULYI YNEOEOYK, UCHSBOOSCHI U YUYUEOPCHEOYEN uuut Y TBURBDPN UMPTSYCHYEKUS DEUSFYMEFYSNNY UYUFENSCH RPDDETZBOYS VBM BOBE GOOD. pDOIN YЪ UMEDUFCHYK LFYI RTPGEUUPCH UFBMP TEELPE HUYMEOYE TPMY ECHTPREKULYI UFTBO obfp, LPFPTSHCHE YЪ VEUUMPCHEUOSCHI UPAOYLPC uyb H ZMPVBMSHOPN RTPFYCHPUFPSOYY RTCHTBFYMYU SH H NPEOHA UBNPDPUFBFPYUOKHA UIMH, URPUPVOHA ULBBFSH CHEULPE UMPCHP H TEYOYY CHPRTPPUCH RMBOEFBTOPZP NBUYFBVB. uftbosch obfp RTYOSMY HYBUFYE CH CHPPTKHTSEOOSCHI LPOZHMYLFBI OB vBMLBOBI UETEDYOSCH Y LPOGB 1990-I ZZ., Ch 2001 Z. CHNEUFE U BNETYLBOGBNY CHFPTZMYUSH CH bZHZBOYUFBO, B OENOZP RP ЪTSE - YH yTBL.
OP LBL FPMSHLP ECHTPREKULPE LTSCHMP obfp RTYUFKHRYMP L BLFICHOSCHN DECUFCHYSN, OENEDMEOOP CHSCHSUOYMPUSH, UFP CHPRMPEBFSH UCHPY CHP'TPUYYE BNVYGYY CH TSYOSH, PUPVEOOP OB DPUFBFPYOP HDB MEOOSHHI FEBFTBI CHPEOOSHCHI DECUFCHYK, OE FBL-FP RTPUFP. ZMBCHOBS FTHDOPUFSH RTY LFPN - PFUHFUFCHYE ChPNPTSOPUFY PRETBFYCHOPK DPUFBCHLY L NEUFH UPVSCHFIK DPUFBFPYuOPZP LPMYUUEUFCHB CHPKUL, UTEDUFCH CHPPTHTSEOIS Y NBFETYBMSHOP-FEI OYYUEULPZP PVEUREYEOIS. h UPCTENEOOPN NYTE RPD PRETBFICHOPK DPUFBCHLPK PDOPBUOP RPOYNBEFUS RETEVTPULB CHUEZP OEVPVIPDYNPZP UBNPMEFBNY. b FHF PLBBMPUSH, UFP OBMYUOSCHK RBTL ECHTPREKULYI chfu RPRTPUFKh OE NPTSEF URTBCHYFSHUS U RETECHPLPK FTEVKHENPZP LPMYUEUFCHB ZTHHCHB.
nBMP FPZP - CHSCHSUOYMPUSH, UFP RTPVMENB OE FPMSHLP CH NBMPN LPMYUEUFCHE ZTKHЪPCHSCHI UBNPMEFPCH, OP Y CH YI OEDPUFBFPYUOSCHI FTBOURPTFOSCHI CHPNPTSOPUFSI. DEMP CH FPN, YuFP ЪB RPUMEDOEE CHTENS RPSCHYMYUSH OPCHSCHE ZTKHSHCH, LPFPTSHCHE, UPVUFCHEOOP, Y RTYJCHBOSH PVEUREYUYFSH BCHFPOPNOPUFSH JHOLGIPOITCHBOYS CHPYOULPZP LPOFYOZEOFB ABOUT HDBMEO OPN FEBFTE CHPEOOSHCHI DECUFCHYK.
nFP NPEOSCH YOTSEOEETOSCHE NBYYOSCH, UBNPIPDOSHCH ytl Y tmu, RPOFPOOSCHE RBTLY, VPECHCHE CHETFPMEFSHCH, vnr OPCHPZP RPLPMEOYS NBUUPK 20-30 Y DBTSE VPMEE FPOO Y ZBVBTYFBNY, YULMAYUBAENY Y AND RETECHPILH ABOUT "ZETLHMEUE" MYVP "FTBOUPME".
fBL Y RPMKHYUMPUSH, UFP eyf UFBMY RTEDPMBZBFSH UPODBOYE UBNPMEFB ZPTBDP VPMSHYEK TBNETOPUFY, YUEN RTYCHSHCHUOBS TBNETOPUFSH FBLFYUEULPZP chfu. RP ZTKHЪPRPDYAENOPUFY - DP 37 F (F.E. RPYUFY CH 2 TBB VPMSHIE "ZETLKHMEUB"), RP DBMSHOPUFY RPMEFB U ZTKHPN 20 F - 6390 LN (F.E. CH 1.7 TBB VPMSHIE), RP PVYAENH ZTH ЪCHPK LBVYOSCH - 340 H3 (F.E. H 2.7 TBB VPMS). CHUE LFP DPMTSOP VSCHMP PVEUREYUIFSH OPCHPNKh UBNPMEFKH URPUPVOPUFSH RETEVTBUSCHCHBFSH RPYUFY CHUA OPNEOLMBFKhTH FTEVKHENSCHI ZTKHHCHI ABOUT HDBMEOOOSCHE fchd, ChSCHRPMOSS FBLYN PVTBBPN ZhKHOLGYY OE UFP MSHLP FBLFYUEULPZP, ULPMSHLP PRETBFICHOP-UFTBFEZYUEULPZP FTBOURPTFOZP UTEDUFCHB.
UEZPDOS HCE PYUECHIDOP, YUFP HCHEMYYUEOYE TBNETOPUFY FBLFYUEULYI chfu OE SCHMSEFUS YULMAYUYFEMSHOP ECHTPREKULYN YJPVTEFEOYEN. obRTPFYCH - EUFSH CHUE PUOPCHBOIS UYUYFBFSH LFH FEODEOGYA PVEENYTPCHPK. fBL, CH sRPOYY OPCHEKYK Kawasaki u-2 ZTHЪPRPDYAENOPUFSHHA 30 F IDEF ABOUT UNEOCH 8-FPOOPNKh u-1. b H tPUUYY Y HLTBYOE (VKHDEN OBDESFSHUS) BO-70, URPUPVOSHCHK RPDOSFSH RTY PZTBOYUEOOYY RETEZTKHLY DP 47 F, CHPSHNEF ABOUT UEVS ЪBDBYUY, TBOEE TEYBENSCHE U RPNPESHHA BO-12 U ZTX PRPDSHENOPUFSHHA 20 F. oEUNPFTS ABOUT HCHEMYYUEOOYE ZTHЪPRPDYAENOPUFY, LFY NBYYOSCH PUFBAFUS ABOUT FAIRY CE RPIIGYSI CH UFTHLFHTE CHPPTHTSEOOSCHI UYM, UFP Y YI RTEDYUFCHEOOOYLY.
dB, PV BO-70! CHUE OBAF, UFP FFPF HLTBYOP-TPUYKULYK UBNPMEF USCZTBM CH UHDSHVE b400n CHBTSOHA TPMSH, OP OE CHUE RTEDUFBCHMSAF UEVE LFH TPMSh PYOBLPCHP, Y HTs UPCHUEN OENOPSYE RTEDUFBCHMSAF HER RTBCHIMSHOP. b DEMP VSHMP FBL.
h 1997 Z. RPUME BOBMYB CHUEK DPUFHROPK YOZHPTNBGYY RP RTPZTBNNE FLA Y FTEVPCHBOYSN eyf zeoTBMSHOSHCHK LPOUFTHLFPT r.ch. vBMBVHECH RTYYEM L CHSHCHCHPDH, UFP RP TBNETOPUFY Y PUOPCHOSCHN TEYBENSCHN BDBYUBN RTPELF FLA PYUEOSH VMYLPL L BO-70, LPFPTSCHK CH FP CHTHENS KHUREYOP MEFBM, OP RETETSYCHBM RTPVMEN SHCH U ZHJOBOUITCHBOYEN YURSHCHFBOIK YOEEPVIPDYNSCHI DPTBVPFPL. REFT CHBUYMSHECHYU RTEMPTSYM UPDBCHBFSH FLA ABOUT VBE BO-70 FP RPCHPMYMP VSC ECHTPREKGBN UDEMBFSH UCHPK UBNPMEF RTY OBYUYFEMSHOP NEOSHYI BPFTBFBI Y FEIOYUEULPN TYULE, B OBN - ABOUT BTVBVPFBOOSCHE DEOSHZY ULPTEE DPCHEUFY DP HNB BO -70.
uFH IDEA r.ch. vBMBVKHECH PJCHKHYUYM CH IPDE RBTYTSULPZP BCHYBUBMPOB 1997 Z., BTBYCH EA OE FPMSHLP NOPZYI ECHTPREKGECH, OP Y TPUUYSO. pUPVEOOP BLFYCHOP RPDDETSBM EE NBTYBM e.y. yBRPYOYLPCH, TBVPFBCHYK FPZDB UPCHEFOILPN vPTYUB emshgyob RP BCHYBGYY. BCHETFEMBUSH TBVPFB, CH LPFPTHA RPUFEREOOP CHFSOKHMYUSH RTPNSCHYMEOOOYLY, DYRMPNBFSCH Y CHPEOOSH OEULPMSHLYI UFTBO. DEMP RTPDCHYZBMPUSH OBUFPMSHLP VSHCHUFTP, UFP HCE ABOUT PVTBFOPN RHFY YJ RBTYTSB CH LECH BO-70 UCHETYM RTPNETSHFPYUOKHA RPUBDLH ABOUT PDOPC YBCHYBVBJZ ZDE VSCHM U YOFETEUP N PUNPFTEO LPNBODPCHBOYEN MAZHFCHBZHZHE.
rTEDMPTSEOYE UFTPIEFSH PVEYK UBNPMEF UFTBOBNY ъBRBDB Y chPUFPLB, LBL STLPE RTBLFYUEULPE CHPRMPEEOYE PVEYI UMPC P TBUYTEOYY RTPGEUUPCH ECHTPYOFEZTBGYY ABOUT UFTBOSH VSCCHIEZP uuut, RPM HUYMP RPDDETZLH Y ABOUT UBNPN CHSHCHUPLPN RPMYFYYUEULPN HTPCHOE. pZHYGYBMSHOP POP VSCHMP Y'MPTSEOP CH UPCNEUFOPN RYUSHNE RTEYDEOPPHCH tPUUYY Y HLTBYOSCH v. EMSHGYOB Y m. LHYUNCH LBOGMETH JTZ z. LPMA Y rTEIDEOFH JTBOGYY c. yytblh. RYUSHNP VSHCHMP RTYOSFP VMBZPULMPOOP, Y CH LPOGE 1997 eif. h nPULCHE, LECHE Y vPOOE UPUFPSMYUSH CHUFTEYU NETSCHEDPNUFCHEOOOPK TPUUYKULP-HLTBIOULPK ZTHRRSHCH RP BO-70 Y NETSRTBCHYFEMSHUFCHEOOPZP LPNYFEFB RP FLA. at TPUUYKULPK UFPTPOSCH RETEZPCHPTTBNY THLPCHPDYM e.y. yBRPYOYLPC, U HLTBIOULPK - NYOYUFT RTPNRPMYFYLY ch.o. ZHTEEC. pDOIN YY YFPZCH LFYI CHUFTEIU UFBMP TEYOYE P RTEDUFBCHMEOYY RTPELFB BO-7i OB FEODET, PYASCHMEOOOSCHK CHPUENSHA ECHTPREKULYNY UFTTBOBNY.
dms EULPZP PVMYLB BO-7i, B U DTHZPK - TBTBVBFSHCHBMB LLPOPNYUEULHA NPDEMSH
UPFTHDOYYUEFCHB Y ZHPTNYTPCHBMB CHPUFPYUOP-ЪBRBDOP-ECHTPREKULYK LPOUPTGYHN Air Truck DMS TEBMYЪBGYY RTPELFB. lLURETFSC U PVEYI UFPTPO RTPDEMMBMY PZTPNOHA TBVPPHH ABOUT NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI RTEDRTYSFYSI hLTBYOSCH, tPUUYY, yURBOYY, zhTBOGYY Y JTZ. rty ffpn vschm teyeo rtyogyrybmshoshchk chprtpu p chpnptsopufy updboys o vbe bo-70 UBNPMEFB, Ch RPMOK NET HDPCHMEFCHPTSAEEZP eyf, B RP OELPFPTSCHN NPNEOFBN, PUPVEOOP RP P RETBFICHOP-FBLFYUEULYN CHPЪNPTSOPUFSN - RTECHPUIPDSEEZP YI. YOFETEUOP, YuFP Ch IPDE CHUK LFPK TBVPFSCH UBN BO-70 RTPDPMTSBM PUFBCHBFSHUS UELTEFOSHCHN UBNPMEFPN, LMAYUECHBS YOZHPTNBGYS RP LPFPTPPNH OE TBULTSCCHBMBUSH. FP EUFSH, LPOEYUOP, RTY TBUUNNPFTEOY FEI YMY YOSCHI RHOLFPC eyf RTYIPDYMPUSH PFCHEYUBFSH ABOUT CHPRTPU, UNPTSEF UBNPMEF ABOUT VBE BO-70 CHSCHRPMOYFSH DBOOPE FTEVPCHBOYE YMY OEF. PDOBLP URPUPVSH DPUFYTSEOIS LPOLTEFOSHCHI IBTBLFETYUFYL OE TBULTSCCHBMYUSH, NEFPDILY TBUYUEFPCH OE RPLBSCCHBMYUSH, DEFBMY LPOUFTHLGYY OE PVUHTsDBMYUSH, FEIOYUEULBS DPLHNEOFB HYS OE RETEDBCCHBMBUSH.
RP TEEKHMSHFBFBN LFPK TBVPFSCH CH SOCHBTE 1999 Z. RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHBN zhtz, zhTBOGYY, yURBOY Y yFBMYY VSCHMY OBRTBCHMEOSCH FEODETOSCHE RTEDMPTSEOIS RP RTPELFKh bo-7i. RPYuFY RPMFPTTB ZPDB SOY, B FBLTS DTKHZYE LPOLKHTYTPCHBCHYE NETSDH UPVPK RTEDMPTSEOIS OBIPDYMYUSH ABOUT TBUUNNPFTEOYY, RPLB RPVEYFEMEN OE VSCHM PYASCHMEO b400n. fPZDB NOPZP URPTYMY P RTYUJOBI RPVEDSH LFPZP "VHNBTsOPZP", FP EUFSH EEE OE UHEEUFCHPCHBCHYEZP UBNPMEFB U VPMSHYN FEIOYYUEULYN TYULPN OBD HCE RPLBCHYNY UCHPY ChPNPTS OPUFY BNETYLBOULYNY Y HLTBYOP-TPUYKULYNY NBYOBNY. UEZPDOS Y CHUIEI BTZHNEOPPHCH CH RPMShJH b400n RTEDUFBCHMSEFUS CHBTSOSCHN MYYSH PYO: ECTPRECULYE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB IPFEMY PFDBFSH UCHPY DEOSHZY UCHPYN TSE OBGYPOBMSHOSHCHN ZHITN BN-RTPYCHPDYFEMSN. CHUE DTHZYE RTYYUYOSCH, LBL CH UMHYUBE U BO-7i: OETYFNYUOBS TBVPFB HLTBYOULPK RTPNSHCHYMEOOPUFY, RPCHEDEOYE tPUUYY LBL ZMPVBMSHOPZP PRRPEOFB obfp, FPFBMSHOBS LPTTHRGYS CH UTE DE YUYOPCHOYLPCH OBYI UFTBO - CHUE SING OPUIMY CHFPPTPUFEREOOSCHK IBTBLFET.
h YFPZE, RB RSFSH DOK DP OBYUBMB VETMIOULPZP BCHYBUBMPOB 2000 Z., LPFPTPZP NOPZYE TsDBMY LBL FTYHNZHB TEBMSHOPZP UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB NETsDH аBRBDPN Y ChPUFPLPN, R ETCHSHCHK UBNEUFYFEMSH ZEOTBMSHOPZP LPOUFTHLFPTB bofl YN. O.K. bFPOCHB d.s. LYCHB DPCHEM DP UENNYMMMYPOOPK BHDYFPTYY FEMELPNRBOYY "oENEGLBS KPMOB" OPCHA RPYGYA TPUYKULP-HLTBIOULPK UFPTPOSCH: "GENERAL UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHP BLPOYUYMPUSH. NSC RETEU FBEN VSHCHFSH RBTFOETBNY Y UFBOPCHINUS LPOLCHTEOFBNY.
UFP RPFETSMB ECHTPRB - RPOSFOP. FP PZTPNOSCHE UTEDUFCHB (RP TBOBOSCHN PGEOLBN, PF 5 DP 8 NMTD. ECTP), SBFTBYOOOSCHE ABOUT RPCHFPTOHA TBTBVPFLH CHUEZP FPZP, YuFP HTS VSCHMP UPDBOP Y YURSHCHFBOP. b CHPF UFP POB CHSCHYZTBMB PF YЪHYUEOYS RTEDMPTSEOIS BO-7i? RPTSBMHK, UREGYBMYUFSHCH "UTVBU NYMYFBTY" Y CHPEOOSHCH ECHTPRSCH HVEDYMYUSH CH TEBMSHOPUFY DPUFYTSEOIS GEMPZP TSDB CHBTSOEKYYI HTPCHOECHSCHI IBTBLFETYUFIL RETURELFYCHOPZP CHFU Y CHOEU MY UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE HFPYUOEOYS CH FEIOYYUEULPE BDBOYE ABOUT UCHPK UBNPMEF. ABOUT UBNPN DEME LFP PYUEOSH CHBTsOP. pDOBLP Y DMS BO-70 OERTPDPMTSYFEMSHOPE HCHMEYUEOYE ECHTPRK PLBBMPUSH CHEUSHNB RPMEOSCHN. About NOPZYE NPNEOFSHCH, UCHSBOOSHCH U PVEEK LPNRPOPCHLPK UBNPMEFB Y EZP VPTFPPCHPZP PVPTKHDPCHBOYS, MPZYLPK TBVPFSH VPTFPCHSCHI UYUFEN, PTZBOYBGEK FEIPVUMHTSYCHBOYS Y F.D., RTY YMPUSH FPZDB CHZMSOHFSH RP-OPCHPNKh. NOPZYE YOFETEUOSCHE YDEY, CHCHTBVPFBOOSCH CH IPDE TBVPFSCH OBD BO-7i, MYVP HCE TEBMY'PCHBOSH ABOUT "UENYDEUSFL", MYVP VHDHF PUHEEUFCHMEOSCH H RTPGEUUE RTEDUFPSEEEK NPDETOYBGYY UBNPMEFB .
h 2001 Z., ABOUT RPVEDOPK ChPMOE FPMSHLP UFP CHSHCHYZTBOOPZP FEODETTB, "TVBU NYMYFBTY" RTYUFKHRYMB L RPMOPNBUYFBVOPK TBTBVPFLE b400n. pDOBLP CHULPTE H TBVPFE CHPOYLMY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHE RTPVMENSCH FEIOYUEUULPZP Y PTZBOYBGYPOOPZP IBTBLFETB, UCHSBOOSHCH, CH PUOPCHOPN, U OEPUFBFLPN X ECHTPREKHECH PRSHCHFB UPDB OIS CHPEOOP-FTBOURPTFOSHCHI UBNPMEFPCH. RPYMY RETCHSHCHE TBZPCHPTSHCH P CHP-NPTSOPN RETEOPUE UTPLPCH YURSHCHFBOIK NBYYOSCH Y RPUFBCHPL HER H ChPKULB. bB FYN RPUMEDPCHBMP UPLTBEEOYE TSDPN UFTBO TBNEEEOOOSCHI TBOEE BLBBPCH. RP YFPZBN RPDRYUBOYS 24 NBS 2003 Z. PLPOYUBFEMSHOPZP LPOFTBLFB NETsDH "tVBU NYMYFBTY" Y OCCAR LPMYUEUFCHP RTYIPVTEFBENSCHI b400n UOYIMPUSH DP LTYFYUEULPK PFNEF LJ - 180 EDYOYG, FP EUFSH DP NYOYNBMShOPZP LPMYUEUFCHB, RTY LPFPTPN TBTBVPFLH NPTsOP VSCHMP UYUYFBFSH GEMEUPPVTBOPK. GEOB PDOPZP LLENRMSTB b400n FPZDB DPUFYZMB 127 NYMMYPOCH ECTP, UFP VSHMP RTYNETOP CHDCHPE VPMSHIE UFPYNPUFY bo-7i. yYUYUMB UFTBO-BLBYULPCH CHSHYMB YFBMYS, OP CHETOKHMUS MALUENVKhTZ. X
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| mfi: |
| nPJYLBGYS | b400n |
| tBNBI LTSCHMB, N | 42.40 |
| dMYOB UBNPMEFB,N | 45.10 |
| chSCHUPFB UBNPMEFB,N | 14.70 |
| rMPEBDSh LTSCHMB, H2 | 221.5 |
| nBUUB, LZ | |
| RHUFPZP UBNPMEFB | 70000 |
| NBLUINBMSHOBS CHMEFOBS | 141000 |
| CHOHFTEOOEE FPRMMYCHP, LZ | 50500 |
| FYR DCHYZBFEMS | 4 FPD Europrop International TP400-D6 |
| nPEOPUFSH, M.U. | 4 and 11000 |
| nBLUYNBMSHOBS ULPTPUFSH, LN/Yu | |
| lTECUETULBS ULPTPUFSH, n | 780 (n=0.72) |
| RETEZPOPUOBS DBMSHOPUFSH, LN | 9 260 |
| rTBLFYUEULBS DBMSHOPUFSH, LN | 7220 |
| dBMSHOPUFSH U NBLUINBMSHOPC ЪBZTHЪLPK, LN | 4300 |
| rTBLFYUEULYK RPFPMPL, N | 11280 |
| LIRBC, UEM | 2-3 |
| rPMEGOBS OBZTHLB: |
120 DEUBOFOILPCH YMY UPMDBF YMY 66 OPUIMPL U UPRTCHPTsDBAENY YMY 37000 LZ ZTHB YMY 41000 LZ FPRMYCHB, CHBTYBOFSHCH ЪBZTHЪLY: |
