Ever since I saw a program dedicated to this car a year ago, we can say that it has become my dream. Just think - an electric car that does not need to be fed with gasoline or diesel that is getting more expensive every day, which does not pollute the environment, and which is recognized as the most reliable and environmentally friendly car in the world! So, here is a short story about the Tesla Model S electric car. When I found out that one of the copies of the legendary electric car appeared in Moscow, I decided to meet its owner and see the car with my own eyes, but it turned out to be in great demand among fans of electric vehicles and environmental movements, because I found her at an environmental event. 
I'll tell you a little about the car: Tesla Model S is a five-door electric car produced by the American company Tesla Motors. The prototype was first shown at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. Car deliveries to the United States began in June 2012. The company calls its car with this body type "fastback", which we know as "hatchback". 
Prices for Model S start at $ 62.4 thousand and go up to $ 87.4 thousand (in the US). The most expensive option is a car with a power reserve of almost 425 kilometers, capable of gaining a “hundred” in 4.2 seconds. At the end of the first quarter of 2013, 4,750 Tesla Model S units were sold in the United States. Thus, the model became the best-selling luxury sedan, ahead of, in particular, Mercedes-Benz S-class and BMW 7-series. A breakthrough occurred in Europe as well. In Norway, in the first two weeks of September 2013, Tesla Model S is the best-selling car (322 units), surpassing Volkswagen Golf (256 units). Under the hood, there is not everything that we are used to seeing in a car with an internal combustion engine. Here is the trunk instead. 
The back is the same. The trunk is quite voluminous, if you wish, you can install child seats here facing the glass. 
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the 85 kWh lithium-ion battery lasts 426 km, allowing the Model S to cover the longest distance EV on the market. Initially, Tesla planned to start production of cars with batteries with a capacity of 60 kWh (335 km) and 40 kWh (260 km) in 2013, however, due to low demand, it was decided to abandon the 40 kWh model. The base S model uses a liquid-cooled AC motor that produces 362 horsepower. At the heart of the car battery (there are 16 blocks) there are about 7 thousand finger-type batteries packed with a special distribution of positive and negative contacts, which is kept secret. 
In June 2013, the company demonstrated the ability to recharge the Model S by automatically replacing the battery. During the demonstration, it was shown that the replacement procedure takes approximately 90 seconds, which is more than twice as fast as filling a full tank of a similar gasoline vehicle. According to the president of the company Elon Musk, "slow" (20-30 minutes) charging a Model S battery at the company's gas stations will remain free, while a quick replacement will cost the owner of the car in the amount of about $ 60-80, which roughly corresponds to the cost of a full tank. gasoline. 
Let's take a look inside the car. Instead of the usual instruments on the panel, there is an LCD monitor on which all the necessary function buttons and information about the operating condition of the car are. 
At the moment, the car is charging and instead of the speedometer, information is displayed about how much the electric car is charged and how many kilometers it will run. Instead of a tachometer, the display shows the ammeter data. 
The back is quite spacious. 
Windows on doors without frames. 
On the turn signal - the symbol of Tesla Motors, laconic and beautiful. 
How do I charge Tesla?
The simple answer is easy and simple. Basic Mathematics and Basic Electrical Engineering, Grade 8 High School. Remember that power is expressed in kilowatts and is equal to the current in amperes multiplied by the voltage in volts. And the capacity of the car's battery is either 60 kWh or 85 kWh, depending on the modification. And we also remember that the standard charger works in the range of 100-240V 50-60Hz. There are no problems with Russian power grids. The main thing is not to submit three phases, but an abstract name without an electrician will not cope with this task, and stupid electricians in nature are extremely rare, natural selection is all business. So let's go. A bunch of options. Option 1. Anytime, anywhere. Standard power supply unit, ordinary 220V socket. 12 amperes, 220 volts = approximately 2.5 kW. Full battery charge - one and a half days (indicated for a large battery 85, for a small one we divide the indicated time by one and a half). It is important to have a working "ground" at the outlet, without it it does not work. Technical complexity - all charger connectors follow overseas standards. The solution is either an adapter from an American outlet to a Russian one (Chinese adapters for iPhones are not suitable, they are flimsy, it is simply scary to use 12A on them), or a banal twist. We hook a cable with a plug cut off from a heated towel rail or microwave to the American connectors. Works.
Option 2. Cheap and cheerful. Second charger connector. NEMA 14-50 American Power Outlet. We take an American outlet of the NEMA 14-50 standard (it is important to take care to buy in advance, preferably a dozen in reserve at once), call an electrician. We ask or demand to deliver 50 amperes per phase. Depending on the degree of motivation and motivation of the electrician and, possibly, the power engineer, we get either 25A, or 32A, or 40A. Next, the electrician puts a pre-stocked American outlet on the wall and plugs it in. Electricians are trained in this, switching does not cause problems. We look for switching circuits in Wikipedia. The bottom line is that the time for a full charge is reduced to 18/14/11 hours. Much better, the battery will be charged overnight. What does the charging process for options 1 and 2 look like? Opened the trunk. He took out the charger. I plugged it in, waited for the green lights to run. I put it in the car, waited until it blinks green. I went to bed. A minute and a half for everything about everything. Not sure if outdoor installation is possible. Visually, it is not very similar to IP44, in reality - you need to read the specifications. There are definitely options to get out. 
Option 3. Wall connector. The organization process is almost completely similar to option 2. Differences: - electricians and soldiers are assigned a combat mission to provide 80 amperes in one phase. Perhaps the fighters will not cope with this task, 80A is a lot. Then you can limit yourself to 40A. - instead of a NEMA 14-50 socket, a wall charger is hung on the wall. The charging procedure is greatly simplified. He removed the plug from the wall, stuck it in the car, went to bed. 15 seconds and no wires underfoot. The time for a full charge (if it is possible to organize 80A) is reduced to 5-6 hours. Street performance - yes. IP44 protection. An important point is to make sure when ordering that Tesla is able to charge with a current of 80A. If he doesn’t know how, the issue can potentially be solved by replacing the charging unit in Tesla. But it is expensive, it is easier to buy not this, but another Tesla, where the unit is standard. For those living separately outside the city, the option of charging from a single-phase diesel engine is also available. There are absolutely no special features, an electrician can easily handle switching. So far, that's all there is. So far in Russia there are no superchargers (110 kW power, charges in 40 minutes) or battery swap stations (they change the battery to a new charged one in 2 minutes). All will be. A year or two at most. There are no technical difficulties, especially in superchargers. What else should be considered?
That the real consumption of electricity, in the mode of street racing (in another way, they do not drive it yet) is 1.5 times higher than the nominal. The reserve, respectively, is not 400 km, but 250-300. That the real daytime run in the city is within 100-150 km. 150-200 km travel across the region. Accordingly, every day you need to charge not the entire battery, but half or 2/3. And not 10 hours, but 5-6-7. It's all. No more features and revelations. We just put our iPhone, iPad, MacBook and Tesla on charge every night.
Ever since I saw a program dedicated to this car a year ago, we can say that it has become my dream. Just think - an electric car that does not need to be fed with gasoline or diesel that is getting more expensive every day, which does not pollute the environment, and which is recognized as the most reliable and environmentally friendly car in the world!
When I found out that one of the copies of the legendary electric car appeared in Moscow, I decided to meet its owner and see the car with my own eyes, but it turned out to be in great demand among fans of electric vehicles and environmental movements, so I found it at an event dedicated to environmental protection.
I'll tell you a little about the car: Tesla Model S is a five-door electric car produced by the American company Tesla Motors. The prototype was first shown at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. Car deliveries to the United States began in June 2012. The company calls its car with this body type "fastback", which we know as "hatchback".
Prices for Model S start at $ 62.4 thousand and go up to $ 87.4 thousand (in the US). The most expensive option is a car with a power reserve of almost 425 kilometers, capable of gaining a “hundred” in 4.2 seconds.
At the end of the first quarter of 2013, 4,750 Tesla Model S units were sold in the United States. Thus, the model became the best-selling luxury sedan, ahead of, in particular, Mercedes-Benz S-class and BMW 7-series. A breakthrough occurred in Europe as well. In Norway, in the first two weeks of September 2013, Tesla Model S is the best-selling car (322 units), surpassing Volkswagen Golf (256 units).
Under the hood, there is not everything that we are used to seeing in a car with an internal combustion engine. Here is the trunk instead.
The back is the same. The trunk is quite voluminous, if you wish, you can install child seats here facing the glass.
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the 85 kWh lithium-ion battery lasts 426 km, allowing the Model S to cover the longest distance EV on the market. Initially, Tesla planned to start production of cars with batteries with a capacity of 60 kWh (335 km) and 40 kWh (260 km) in 2013, however, due to low demand, it was decided to abandon the 40 kWh model. The base S model uses a liquid-cooled AC motor that produces 362 horsepower.
At the heart of the car battery (there are 16 blocks) there are about 7 thousand finger-type batteries packed with a special distribution of positive and negative contacts, which is kept secret.
In June 2013, the company demonstrated the ability to recharge the Model S by automatically replacing the battery. During the demonstration, it was shown that the replacement procedure takes approximately 90 seconds, which is more than twice as fast as filling a full tank of a similar gasoline vehicle. According to the president of the company Elon Musk, "slow" (20-30 minutes) charging a Model S battery at the company's gas stations will remain free, while a quick replacement will cost the owner of the car in the amount of about $ 60-80, which roughly corresponds to the cost of a full tank. gasoline.
Let's take a look inside the car. Instead of the usual instruments on the panel, there is an LCD monitor on which all the necessary function buttons and information about the operating state of the car are.
At the moment, the car is charging and instead of the speedometer, information is displayed about how much the electric car is charged and how many kilometers it will run. Instead of a tachometer, the display shows the ammeter data.
The back is quite spacious.
Windows on doors without frames.
On the turn signal - the symbol of Tesla Motors, laconic and beautiful.
Finally, I'll tell you about how the battery of an electric car is charged by the words of its owner.
How to charge Tesla? The simple answer is easy and simple.
Basic Mathematics and Basic Electrical Engineering, Grade 8 High School.
Remember that power is expressed in kilowatts and is equal to the current in amperes multiplied by the voltage in volts.
And the capacity of the Tesla battery is either 60 kWh or 85 kWh, depending on the modification.
And we also remember that the standard charger works in the range of 100-240V 50-60Hz. There are no problems with Russian power grids.
The main thing is not to submit three phases 🙂 but an abstract name without a fighter-electrician will not cope with this task, and stupid fighters-electricians in nature are extremely rare, natural selection is all business.
So let's go. A bunch of options.
Option 1. Anytime, anywhere.
Standard power supply unit, ordinary 220V socket.
12 amps, 220 volts = approximately 2.5 kW.
Full battery charge - one and a half days (indicated for a large battery 85, for a small one we divide the indicated time by one and a half).
It is important to have a working "ground" at the outlet, without it it does not work.
Technical complexity - all charger connectors follow overseas standards.
The solution is either an adapter from an American outlet to a Russian one (Chinese adapters for iPhones are not suitable, they are flimsy PPC, it is simply scary to run 12A on them for a long time), or a banal twist. We hook a cable with a plug cut off from a heated towel rail or microwave to the American connectors. Works.
Option 2. Cheap and cheerful.
Second charger connector. NEMA 14-50 American Power Outlet.
We take an American outlet of the NEMA 14-50 standard (it is important to take care of buying in advance, preferably a dozen in reserve at once), call an electrician soldier. We ask or demand to deliver 50 amperes per phase.
Depending on the degree of motivation and motivation of an electrician fighter and possibly an energy fighter, we get either 25A, or 32A, or 40A.
Next, an electrician fighter puts on the wall a pre-stocked American outlet and plugs it in. Soldiers-electricians are trained in this, switching does not cause problems (zero-ground-phase cling, neutral is not needed). We look for switching circuits in Wikipedia.
The bottom line is that the time for a full charge is reduced to 18/14/11 hours.
Much better, the battery will be charged overnight.
What does the charging process look like for options 1 and 2.
Opened the trunk. He took out the charger. I plugged it in, waited for the green lights to run. I put it in the car, waited until it blinks green. I went to bed. A minute and a half for everything about everything.
Not sure if outdoor installation is possible. Visually, it is not very similar to IP44, in reality - you need to read the specifications. There are definitely options to get out.
Option 3. Wall connector.
The organization process is almost completely similar to option 2.
- electricians and soldiers are assigned a combat mission to provide 80 amperes in one phase. Perhaps the fighters will not cope with this task, 80A is a lot. Then you can limit yourself to 40A.
- instead of a NEMA 14-50 socket, a wall charger is hung on the wall.
The charging procedure is greatly simplified. He removed the plug from the wall, stuck it in the car, went to bed. 15 seconds and no wires underfoot.
The time for a full charge (if it is possible to organize 80A) is reduced to 5-6 hours.
Street performance - yes. IP44 protection.
An important point is to make sure when ordering that Tesla can be charged with a current of 80A. If he doesn’t know how, the issue can potentially be solved by replacing the Tesla charging unit.
But it is expensive, it is easier to buy not this but another Tesla, where the unit is standard.
For isolated living quarters, the option of charging from a single-phase diesel engine is also available. There are absolutely no special features; an electrician fighter can easily cope with commutation.
So far, that's all there is.
So far in Russia there are no superchargers (110 kW power, charges in 40 minutes) or battery swap stations (they change the battery to a new charged one in 2 minutes).
All will be. A year or two at most.
There are no technical difficulties, especially in superchargers. The question is exactly when Elon Musk will remember poor Russia. Will remember soon, soon 🙂
What else should be taken into account.
That the real consumption of electricity, in the mode of street racing (in another way, I do not ride it yet) is 1.5 times higher than the nominal. The reserve, respectively, is not 400 km, but 250-300.
That the real daily mileage of a typical intracellular pad is within 100-150 km. Zamkadyshi travel 150-200 km. Accordingly, every day you need to charge not the whole battery, but half or 2/3. And not 10 hours, but 5-6-7.
It's all. No more features and revelations.
It's just that we put our iPhone, iPad, MacBook and Tesla on charge every evening.
Tesla Model S is a 5-door electric vehicle manufactured by the American company Tesla Motors. For the first time this car was presented to the public as a prototype, in 2009, in Frankfurt. Full deliveries started in 2012, in June.
"Heart" of the car
Tesla Model S is by far the most powerful electric vehicle in existence. No competitors are able to compete with this machine in terms of their technical characteristics. The heart of the machine is a lithium-ion battery. Its capacity is 85 kWh. This is enough for 426 kilometers without recharging. No electric vehicle today is capable of delivering this kind of power.
In general, at first, the plans for developers and manufacturers were to start producing models, the batteries of which would have a capacity of 60 kWh. This would be enough for a much smaller number of kilometers (namely, 335 km). There was also an idea to produce a 40 kWh battery. This would be enough for 260 kilometers. But as a result, everyone abandoned her. The base car "Tesla Model S" uses the so-called liquid-cooled AC engine, which has a capacity of 362 hp. with.
Production start
The company started small - it was decided to release at first only one thousand sedans. It was a limited edition, but with 85 kWh batteries. There were two versions available - Signature and Signature Performance. The cost of these cars was $ 95,400 and $ 105,400, respectively. In Russia, "Tesla Model S" was sold at a price of 4.5 million rubles (at the old rate). To date, the most expensive option is the version that reaches “hundreds” in 4.4 seconds. The year before last, 2014, such a car as "Tesla Model S P85D" was released. She reached 100 km / h in just over three seconds.
Upgrades and changes
In 2013, the concern showed the public the ability to recharge the car in an interesting way. It consisted in automatic battery replacement. During the demonstration, it was shown that this procedure generally takes about one and a half minutes. And this, I must say, is twice as fast as refueling a full bank of a car, under the hood of which a gasoline engine is installed. According to the president of the company (Ilon Max), slow recharging (twenty minutes is enough to raise the level of available energy to 50%) will remain free. But only at the company's gas stations. A quick replacement will cost about $ 60-80. This amount is approximately equal to the price that many motorists pay for a full bank of fuel.
Statistics show that in the first quarter of 2013, about 4,750 copies of this model were sold in the United States of America. So, this car has become the most bought and famous luxury sedan. Even more popular than the seventh series BMW, which is impressive.
Tesla Model S is also in great demand in Europe. In Norway, 322 units were sold in the first 14 days (ahead of Volkswagen Golf). And in total, by the end of the first quarter of the year before last, 2014, about 32 thousand of these machines were sold all over the world.
Appearance
The exterior just needs to be told separately. Tesla Model S receives extremely positive reviews - and not only because of its practicality, but also because of its appearance. All car owners assure that this is a truly exclusive car. In length it is almost five meters (4978 mm, to be precise), in width - 2189 mm. The height is 1435 mm, and the wheelbase is an impressive 2959 mm. The ground clearance is also good - 145 mm.
The image of this car is clearly sporty. The main highlight of this car lies in smooth lines, soft and elegant outlines, as well as in very non-standard solutions. Narrow optics and an oval false radiator grille add special sophistication to the image. The bumper with a compact air intake and elegant foglights also looks interesting. The bonnet is decorated with beautiful embossed ribs. The retractable door handles and the unusual shape of the doors also give a special charm to the exterior.
The back also looks original. The compact size side lights and powerful fenders with a large bumper immediately catch the eye. And as an additional option, potential buyers can be offered a rear spoiler made of carbon fiber, a panoramic top (among other things made of glass) and LED fog lights.
Interior
"Tesla" - a car (model S), which is designed for five people. True, in the last year's version, seats for children are still available (they are mounted in the rear cargo compartment). By the way, the car boasts two trunks. In the front there is a compartment for 150 liters, and in the back - for 750 liters. And if you fold the rear seats, you get 1800 liters.
But now about the interior that Tesla can be proud of. The car (model S) has a striking feature - it's just an incredible 17-inch (!) Color touchscreen display. The specialists managed to place it on the center console. Through this multimedia system, you can control various systems of the car: regulate the operation of the air conditioner, answer calls, set up music, etc. And the screen also displays an image from a GPS and a rear view camera.
The dashboard is another highlight that this car can surprise. "Tesla Model S" does not have an ordinary digital panel, to which everyone is already accustomed, but a large tablet. Its specialists very successfully installed it into an electric car.
Comfort
I must admit that the cabin is very spacious. The backrests of the chairs are distinguished by an anatomical profile and high-quality lateral support. The developers have also successfully selected the size of the pillows, due to which every passenger will feel comfortable inside the car.
"Tesla Model S", the technical parameters of which will be discussed in more detail a little later, has a very rich basic configuration. Firstly, these are seats with electronic settings, heated and with memory (the set parameters are saved). Secondly, there is an electric tailgate. Third, a keyless entry system. Also cruise control and power windows, dual-zone climate control, rear-view mirrors that fold automatically and are electrically heated - all this is inside, in addition to the above. The car also has a powerful seven-speaker audio system, eight airbags, ABS, ESC and TCS. And of course, the finish. Only high quality leather and natural wood were used as materials.
Specifications
The demonstration version of the car was equipped with a 416-horsepower engine, and the base model was equipped with a 362-horsepower unit. with. (270 kW). It has already been said about the charge, overclocking and consumption, and now - about what other indicators Tesla Model S can boast of. The technical characteristics are impressive - after all, two years after the release of the basic version, an all-wheel drive appeared. But it is not this that is most impressive, but the presence of the autopilot function. This car is also smart! Since the end of the year before last, 2014, all cars began to be equipped with a mini-camera and ultrasonic sensors in the bumpers. Thanks to this innovation, the machine itself recognizes markings, road signs, obstacles and other road users. And of course, the autopilot function, which is built into all models manufactured after October 9, 2014.
Controllability
This topic is also worth touching upon when talking about a car like the Tesla Model S. Its characteristics in this regard are impressive. To begin with, I would like to note that the maximum speed is 200 km / h. The car is easy to drive even at such a considerable speed. Smooth running is ensured - this is what the Tesla Model S car is good for. The review, or rather, numerous reviews and test drives made it clear that all the shortcomings regarding the chassis have been corrected. The previous Tesla car drove along the road like a skateboard - it was very sensitive to rough roads. But now everything is different. The car copes even with bad roads, and reacts normally to sharp turns of the steering wheel.
Many claim that this model is the future of electric cars. Of course, this car will not work for people who are accustomed to often travel long distances. For such motorists, a reserve of more than 400 kilometers may not be enough. But for people who move around the city, from work to home, shopping or to the suburbs, this car will be just an ideal option, besides being economical. Especially for Americans, because, as mentioned earlier, refueling at Tesla bus stations is free. No wonder this model has become so popular there.
Tesla Model S in Russia - is it realistic to buy?
Everything is possible in this life. And to buy an "S-model" in the Russian Federation - too. Why not? Because these cars are not officially sold in our country? Yes it is. Not officially sold. But only in Moscow at the end of August 2014 about 80 Tesla cars of this version were registered. So the models are still supplied to Russia. In the same year, approximately 180 copies were brought to the Russian Federation. But these cars are also solid. Starting from 111,500 dollars and ending with 152,400. Considerable cost for an electric car, given that at home they cost 75-105 thousand dollars. However, as it was already possible to understand, this machine has a lot of advantages. It is not surprising that the Russians manage to become happy owners of it.
In 1931, Nikola Tesla demonstrated a working prototype of an electric vehicle that moves without any traditional power sources.
With the support of General Electric and Pierce-Arrow, he replaced the traditional combustion engine in his new Pierce-Arrow with an electric motor (80 hp, 1800 rpm). Tesla assembled a device measuring 60x30x15 cm from radio components bought in an ordinary store, from which two rods protruded. Having connected the wires from the device to the contacts of the electric motor, Nikola Tesla got into the car and drove off.
The device that powers the engine of a car cannot be reproduced even in our time.
Detailed history:
In 1931, Tesla removed the gasoline engine from a new Pierce-Arrow car and replaced it with an 80 hp AC electric motor. without any traditionally known external power supplies.
At a local radio store, he bought 12 vacuum tubes, some wires, a handful of assorted resistors, and assembled the whole thing in a box 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and 15 cm high with a pair of 7.5 cm long rods sticking out from the outside. Reinforcing the box behind the driver's seat, he extended the rods and announced "Now we have energy." After that he drove a car week driving her on speeds up to 150 km / h.
Since the car was powered by an AC motor and there were no batteries, the question naturally arises, where did the energy come from?
Popular comments attracted accusations of "black magic" (as if such an explanation would immediately dot the i's). The sensitive genius did not like the skeptical comments from the press. He removed the mysterious box from the car, and returned to his laboratory in New York and the secret of his power source died with him.
Quotes from the original article by Mr. Green used the following when writing his note:
Forgotten Electric Vehicle Art
Arthur Abrom
Although electric cars were one of the earliest inventions, the fashion for them passed quickly. The development of electricity as a source of energy for mankind was met with great contradictions.
Thomas A. Edison was the first to start selling electrical systems (i.e., power generators) with some commercial value. His research and artistic talent led to the development of direct current systems. Courts were equipped with these systems, and municipalities began to light the streets. At the time, Edison was the only source of electricity!
While the commercialization of electricity was gaining momentum, Edison hired a man who showed the world an unprecedented scientific talent and developed completely new approaches to electricity. This person was a foreigner Nikola Tesla. His designs overshadowed even Edison himself! While Edisson was a great experimenter, Tesla was a great theoretician. Edison's constant experiments annoyed him somewhat.
Tesla preferred to calculate mathematically the possibility of some process, than to immediately grab a soldering iron and constantly experiment. So, one day, after another heated argument, he left Edison's laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey.
Working independently, Tesla thought over and created the first alternating current generator. He, and he alone, is responsible for all the benefits we enjoy today with AC power.
Angered by Edison in the early 1900s, Tesla sold his new patents to George Westinghouse for $ 15 million. Tesla became completely independent after which he continued research in his laboratory on 5th Avenue in New York.
George Westinghouse began trading this new power generating system in competition with Edison. Westinghouse prevailed due to the clear advantage of the new generators over the less efficient Edison generators. Today, alternating current is the only source of electricity for the world, and please remember Nikola Tesla is the man who made it available to people.
Now for the early days of electric vehicles. The electric car has a number of advantages that noisy, moody, smoky combustion-engine cars cannot offer.
First of all - the absolute silence that accompanies the VAZ when traveling in an electric car. There is not even a hint of noise. Just turning the key and pressing the pedal - the vehicle starts moving immediately. No rattling at the start, no gear shifting, no fuel pumps or problems with them, no oil levels, etc. Just turn the switch and go!
The second is the feeling of power and docility of the engine. If you want to increase the speed, just press the pedal, and no jerk at the same time. Release the pedal and the vehicle immediately slows down. You are always in complete control of the management. It's not hard to see why these vehicles were so popular around the turn of the century and almost until 1912.
The big disadvantage of these cars was their range and the need to recharge every night. All of these electric vehicles used a series of batteries and DC motors. The batteries required recharging every night and the range of travel was limited to approximately 100 miles. This limitation was not severe at the beginning of this century. Doctors started taking calls in electric cars because they no longer needed horses, just plug the car into the electric socket for the night! Any movement does not interfere with making a net profit.
Many of the big department stores in metropolitan areas have started using electric vehicles to deliver goods. They were quiet and did not emit any pollutants. Maintenance of electric vehicles was minimal. City life promised a great future for the electric car. Note, however, that all electric vehicles were powered by direct current.
Two things happened that ended the popularity of the electric vehicle. Everyone subconsciously craved the speed that captured all the auto enthusiasts of that era. Each manufacturer has striven to show how far their vehicle can travel and what its top speed is.
Built by Colonel Vanderbilt, Long Island's first solid racing circular orbit on Long Island epitomizes the passion of "beautiful life." Newspapers constantly publish summaries of new speed records. And, of course, the auto makers were quick to capitalize on the advertising effect of these new peaks of speed. All of this created the image of electric vehicles as vehicles for old ladies or retired gentlemen.
Electric vehicles could not reach speeds of 45 or 50 m.p.h. Their batteries wouldn't have worked that way. Maximum speeds from 25 to 35 m.p.h. could be supported for a moment or so. Usually, cruising speed - depending on traffic conditions, was 15 to 20 m.p.h. For standards from 1900 to 1910, this was an acceptable speed to get the satisfaction of an electric vehicle.
Please note that none of the electric car manufacturers have ever used a DC GENERATOR. This would make it possible to recharge the battery with a small charge while driving and thus increase its range. It was seen as some kind of perpetual motion machine and of course it was considered absolutely impossible! In fact, DC generators could work successfully and help the survival of electric vehicles.
As mentioned earlier, G. Westinghouse's AC electrical equipment was sold and distributed throughout the country. Earlier DC systems were removed and ignored. (As an interesting side note: The United Edison Company of New York still uses one of Edison's DC generators installed at its 14th power plant and is still running!) Around the time indicated, another giant corporation was formed and went into production AC equipment - General Electric. This put an absolute end to Edison's power systems as a commercial means of generating and distributing electricity.
Electric cars were not adapted to accommodate polyphase (AC) motors, since they used batteries as a source of power, their disappearance was a foregone conclusion. No battery can produce alternating current. Of course, a current-to-AC converter could have been used, but the size of the equipment involved was too large at the time to fit on cars.
So, around 1915, the electric car has sunk into oblivion. True, United Parcel Service still uses a few electric trucks in New York today, but most of their vehicles use gasoline or diesel. Electric cars are dead today - they are viewed as the dinosaurs of the past.
But let us pause for a second to consider the benefits of using electricity as a means of transporting vehicles. Their service is absolutely minimal. Almost no oil is required for the engine. There is no oil to replace, no radiator to clean and fill, no gears to get dirty, no fuel pumps, no water pumps, no problems with the corburetor, no crankshafts to rot or replace and no contaminants emitted in atmosphere. Isn't that the answer everyone seems to be looking for!
Therefore, these two problems facing us, low speed with a short travel distance and replacement of direct alternating current can already be solved today. With today's technology, this no longer seems insurmountable. In fact, this problem has already been addressed in the past. The distant past. And not very distant. Stop! Consider this for a few moments before continuing!
Earlier in this article, I mentioned a man, Nikola Tesla, and stated that he was the greatest genius who ever lived. The US Patent Office has 1,200 patents registered on behalf of Nikola Tesla, and it is estimated that he could patent an additional 1,000 or so from memory!
But back to our electric cars - in 1931, with funding from Pierce-Arrow and George Westinghouse. In 1931, Pierce-Arrow was selected to be tested at the factory sites in Buffalo, N.Y. The standard internal combustion engine was removed and 80 hp. 1800 rpm electric motor, was mounted on the clutch to gear. The AC motor was 100 cm long and 75 cm in diameter. The energy that powered him was "in the air" and no more power sources.
At the appointed time, Nikola Tesla arrived from New York and inspected the Pierce-Arrow car. Then he went to a local radio store and bought 12 tubes, wires, and assorted resistors. The box was 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and 15 cm high. After securing the box behind the driver's seat, he attached wires to a brushless air-cooled motor. Two rods with a diameter of 0.625 mm. and about 7.5 cm long sticking out of the box.
Tesla took the driver's seat, plugged in the two rods and declared, "Now we have energy." He pressed the pedal and the car drove off! This vehicle powered by an AC motor developed up to 150 km / h and had better characteristics than any car with an internal combustion engine at the time! One week was spent testing the vehicle. Several newspapers in Buffalo reported on this test. When asked: "Where does the energy come from?" Tesla answered: "From the ether around all of us." People said that Tesla was insane and somehow allied with the sinister forces of the universe. This made Tesla angry, he removed the mysterious box from the vehicle and returned to his laboratory in New York. His secret went with him!
Here I would like to note that accusations of magic constantly accompanied Tesla's activities. His lectures in New York were very popular, and people far from physics came. And not only because Tesla had the ability to explain physical laws in a simple human language of analogies, but rather because during his lectures he demonstrated experiments that even today could surprise students of the faculties of radio electronics, not just ordinary people.
For example, Tesla got out of his portfolio a small TESLA-TRANSFORMER, operating at high voltage and high frequency alternating current at extremely low amperage. When he turned it on, lightning began to wriggle around him, while he calmly caught them with his hands, while people from the first places in the hall hurriedly moved back. This trick is much more fun than sawing a person.
The light bulb experiment was also a good show. Tesla turned on his transformer and an ordinary light bulb began to glow in his hands. This was already astonishing. When he took out a light bulb without a filament from his portfolio, just an empty bulb, and it still glowed - there was no limit to the audience’s surprise and they could not explain it otherwise than mass hypnosis or magic.
"Tricks" with light bulbs are easy to explain if you know some of the laws. As Tesla wrote, at a certain vibration frequency, the discharged air conducts current as well or even better than a copper wire. Of course, this would be impossible if there was no single wave medium ("ether"). In the absence of air, ether becomes a pure conductor, while air only interferes, since it is an insulator.
Some researchers are attracting the Earth's magnetic field to explain the operation of the Tesla electric vehicle, which Tesla could use in his generator. It is quite possible that, using a high-frequency high-voltage alternating current circuit, Tesla tuned it into resonance with the oscillations of the Earth's "pulse" (about 7.5 hertz). At the same time, obviously, the frequency of oscillations in his circuit should have been as high as possible, while remaining a multiple of 7.5 hertz (more precisely, between 7.5 and 7.8 hertz.).
Tesla Model S is an electric car, the presentation of which took place for the first time in 2009 in Frankfurt. But only a prototype of the car was presented to a wide audience. Serial production of the vehicle began in 2012, and by 2014 the American manufacturer had modernized the car, focusing on increased power and modern interior equipment.
The Tesla S looks very aggressive and easily recognizable. In principle, it is somewhat similar to other models in the series, and to analogs from other manufacturers. Xenon headlights and sporty side lines are striking. Updates in appearance took place in 2016. This mainly affected the front of the car. As for the overall dimensions of this vehicle, they are as follows: length - 4976 mm, width - 1963 mm.
Tesla Model S showroom
The interior fittings will also delight the potential owner. A touch screen is installed inside the Tesla S cabin, which allows you to control all systems of the electric car, which greatly simplifies the driver's work with the car. The interior decoration is also elegant. Here you can find a combination of genuine leather and wood and metal inserts. Everything looks very harmonious.
Indeed, everything inside resembles the car of the future. There is no standard steering wheel, instead there is a so-called multifunction steering wheel, which fits perfectly into the interior and allows you to control the car easily and naturally. Both the front and rear of the car are very comfortable. The adjustable seats allow you to customize the profile for a comfortable ride.
Luggage compartment capacity
Tesla Model S has a very spacious luggage compartment, the volume of which is 745 liters. This is a fairly significant indicator for a light vehicle.
By the way, this figure can be significantly increased if the rear seats are folded down. Such actions will help increase the capacity to 1645 liters, which will allow using the vehicle for long journeys, taking with you as many things as possible.
Tesla Model S Specs
The machine is driven by a motor with a power of 362 liters. with. This indicator allows the car to accelerate to 100 km / h in 5.5 seconds. The Tesla Model S has a top speed of 210 km / h. The electric car has a 60 kWh battery. Its power is enough for a vehicle to cover a distance of 375 km on a single charge.
Several variations of the model with a set of different technical characteristics are presented to the choice of a potential buyer. For example, in the most advanced version of the Tesla Model S P100D, there are 2 electric motors with a total capacity of 765 hp. with.
The body of any Tesla S is made of heavy-duty steel and aluminum. The appearance captivates with clear, graceful lines. The overall charisma of the car does not allow you to take your eyes off it. The surface and design of the bonnet lend power and further accentuate the sporty look.
Car modifications
For the simplest Tesla Model S, acceleration to 100 is carried out in 5.2 seconds, and the speed limit is 210 km / h. Tesla Model S P90D has 469 "horses" under the hood, which allows it to accelerate to "hundreds" in 4.4 seconds. And the installed Tesla Model S battery with a capacity of 90 kWh will allow you to drive up to 473 km on a single charge.
The most advanced version of the Tesla S P100D has two electric motors with a total capacity of 765 hp. s and "tears" up to a hundred in just 2.7 s. A battery with a parameter of 100 kWh will allow you to travel 507 km without additional recharging.
How much does the Tesla Model S cost?
For Tesla Model S, the price in Russia has not been officially established, as, in principle, there is no official sale of a car in the country. However, this electric car can be purchased on the secondary market starting from about 4.5 million rubles. For the Tesla S, the US price starts at $ 85,000, for which the buyer will receive a basic set of features.
The 2019 Tesla Model S is slightly cheaper than before. The decrease in cost is due to the release of new models by the company. Recently, however, the automaker has increased the cost of the vehicle several times in order to get more profit on the creation of new cars.
The battery is guaranteed for 8 years from the manufacturer. The reliability and stability of the electric car has been proven not only in words. It was tested in the harsh conditions of Norway, which is one of the coldest countries in the world.
In general, this is a modern car that can amaze every sophisticated connoisseur with its futuristic design, advanced technologies and decent driving capabilities. I am glad that the vehicle is presented in different modifications. This means that Tesla Model S can be bought in an individual configuration, for every taste and color.
Tesla Model S photo
