TYPES OF RUNNING

There are different types of running. In sports practice, running is divided depending on the length of the distance: sprint (60-100 m), middle-distance running (400-1000 m), long-distance running (from 2000 m), marathon running. In addition, there are cross-country running, steeplechase running, and hurdling running. In recent years, running at a low pace (jogging), used for health purposes, has gained particular popularity.
Taking into account age characteristics, the following types of running are available to preschool children: regular running at a calm pace, speed running, with obstacles and the inclusion of other movements (climbing, jumping), running at a changing pace, slow running. Types of running and running exercises differ in execution technique. The teacher should know these features in order to prevent mistakes, correct them more easily and quickly, and correctly determine the tasks and teaching methods.
Normal running. The correct technique for such running is considered to be: the ability to run freely, easily, with natural arm movements. The arms are bent at the elbows, the fingers are loosely bent (but not clenched into fists). When running, the arms move forward and upward to approximately chest level, slightly inward, then are pulled back with the elbows to the sides. When running in small steps, the leg slightly bent at the knee is placed on the front of the foot. With wider running steps, the foot is placed from the heel, followed by an elastic lowering to the entire foot. When pushing off, you need to straighten your leg at the knee. The toes of the feet do not point to the sides. The torso is slightly tilted forward, the head is in line with it, the chest and shoulders are turned, the shoulders should not be turned after the arm, so as not to cause excessive rotation of the torso.
Regular running at an average pace is widely used to teach some elements of technique and the skills of proper coordinated movement. With this kind of running, children can better control their movements, feel them well, and can make adjustments to their actions.
Regular running can be carried out in various formations: in a column one at a time, in pairs, in a circle, “snake”, etc. The approximate duration of continuous running increases gradually from 10-15 s in younger groups to 35-40 s in older groups (repeated 2 -4 times with breaks). For children 6-7 years old at the end of the school year, the duration of running can be within one minute, since over the course of the year children master the elements of correct running technique and their functional fitness increases.
Running on your toes. The foot should be placed on the front of the foot without the heel touching the floor. The stride is short, the pace is fast. The movements of the hands are calm, relaxed, in rhythm with the steps, do not raise them high, you can put your hands on your belt.
Running with high knees. Run, raising your leg bent at the knee at a right angle, placing it on the floor with a soft, elastic and at the same time quite energetic movement on the forefoot. The step is short, with little forward movement. The body is straight and slightly tilted back, the head is raised high. You can put your hands on your belt. Alternate with regular running or walking.
Running with long strides. Take long steps, increasing the push and flight time (as if jumping over an imaginary obstacle). Place your foot from the heel with a roll over the entire foot. Try to fully straighten your pushing leg, pushing off vigorously. Hand movements are free and sweeping.
Running with the leg bent at the knee. The body is tilted forward slightly more than usual, hands are on the belt. The leg bent at the knee is pulled back after the push (try to reach the buttock with the heel). Alternate with regular running, while relaxing your legs a little more, giving them rest. Running with a cross step. Perform by overlapping almost straight legs: right - to the left, left - to the right. The leg is placed on the foot.
Jumping running. Performed energetically, with a wide sweeping movement. Push forward and upward.
The duration of continuous running on the toes, with the knees raised high, with the leg bent at the knee moving back, is short (10-20 s). As a rule, these types of running are repeated 2-3 times, alternating each type with regular running or walking. Running with a wide step is given at a distance of 10-12 m. For this running, you can use various landmarks - lines, cords, flat hoops, medicine balls.
Running at a fast pace. Performed on the forefoot or on the toes. The step is wide and swift. Hand movements are active, in time with running steps. Do energetic push-offs with your pushing leg, straightening it well. Bring your swing leg forward and upward. The body is tilted forward in the direction of movement, the head is in line with it. Shoulders turned, not tense, look forward. Fast running is most often used in games with elements of competition. The duration of such a run is short - 5-8 s. However, alternating with natural stops - rest, it can be repeated 4-5 times.
Slow running has recently gained great popularity, mainly as a means of developing general endurance and increasing the functionality of the body. In this run, you need to be able to maintain a slow pace, not speed up or slow down, and run rhythmically. Take short steps, place your foot on the forefoot or elastically from heel to toe. The movements of the arms are calm, the arms are bent at the elbows at waist level, the shoulders are slightly relaxed.
Variable tempo running is used in combination with other movements. The main task when teaching this type of running is to teach children to choose the pace and type of running that most matches the content of the task. So, if the run ends with a hop or a long jump, then there is no need to slow down the pace before the push, but move immediately from the last step of the run to an energetic push up or forward. You must be able to quickly and deftly switch from running to another type of movement. For example, crawl under a hoop or rope, walk along a log, and then continue running without stopping, without changing direction. Different exercises can be offered at a variable pace.
Shuttle run. A wide, rapid stride alternates with sharp braking at the end when moving in a straight line and frequent steps when turning. Before changing direction, the pace is faster, the steps are shorter, and the knees are bent more to maintain balance. Hand movements are natural, helping movement in a straight line and when turning.
Running combined with crawling under sticks, climbing through hoops, jumping over, jumping up. Here you need to be able to slow down and speed up your running pace before overcoming an obstacle.
Running in different natural conditions develops the ability to use the type of running that is most appropriate to these conditions, its pace and speed. Running on a winding path is different from running in a straight line, and running on sand requires different technique and effort than running on a dirt path. By changing the conditions familiar to children, selecting different combinations of them, it is necessary to promote the development of a much-needed skill in life - to use the most effective type of running in accordance with the surface conditions (dirt, grass, asphalt path, running on sand, water, uphill and downhill) .
When running uphill, the foot is placed on the toe, the step is short, the torso is tilted forward. When running down, the leg is placed on the entire foot or from heel to toe, the legs are more bent at the knees, and the torso is slightly tilted back.
When running up and down on a board placed at an angle, the feet are placed close to one another, the toes are not pointed out to the sides, and the balance is regulated by hand movements.

E.N. Vavilova, “Teach to run, jump, climb, throw,” M., 1983.

The benefits of running for children from an early age

Strengthens the cardiovascular system. Blood pressure stabilizes. Minimizes heart rate due to physical activity.
The respiratory system improves. If your child suffers from an upper respiratory tract disease, running is one of the best ways to eliminate the disease. This is confirmed by research. School-age children from 7 to 11 years old spent a year jogging on the street under the command of an experienced coach. During the first two months, light jogging alternated with walking. Then, in the fourth month, running became a warm-up element before playing football. My health was strengthened on the street, my breathing allowed me to run 300-500 meters. Further more, the load increased, and the children began to run 2-3 km from here, the second plus.
Lung volume increases, shortness of breath disappears. Internal organs are saturated with oxygen, this allows metabolic processes to proceed correctly and quickly. Chest discomfort ceases to be a barrier to playing team sports and...
Schoolchildren's muscles are properly formed. When running, a child uses his leg muscles - calves, thighs. While jogging, the back muscles that support the spinal column are strengthened, hence the incorrectness and curvature does not threaten.
Increases endurance. Running for children is a cyclic exercise that allows the body to develop the ability to be physically loaded, while getting less tired. Endurance promotes rapid recovery.
Brain activity is stimulated. Whoever runs more often learns better. If morning jogging is included in the daily routine, then the child is taught discipline and responsibility.
Street physical movements strengthen sleep and contribute to the beauty and healthy appetite. The mood improves, and this is not unimportant these days. When stress is not limited to adults.
Colds go away. Immunity is strengthened. There is no need to go to the doctor, skip school, take not very pleasant pills and medications.

I think the list of positive aspects can be continued, but let’s move on to the running options. You think there is only one option. You're wrong - there is a walking steeple chase, a moderate-intensity run and, of course, a fast sprint. For children, you can consider the following types from the technical side.

Types of running for children

Raise your knees high, the average pace for kids is 15 seconds. Physical education teachers often practiced this during physical education classes while warming up in the gym. With a short step, the leg rises to a right angle.
Running on your toes. Children walk on their toes without their heels touching the surface of the ground. A short exercise. The variant reminded me of kindergarten, when such movements were used to playfully depict a rooster or a heron.
Wide step. This is already a school program when you need to jump further. Remember in physical education lessons they gave marks for a running jump into a din. The teacher explained that you need to push off the ground hard for a long and long flight.
Option with abduction of heels to the fifth point. It is often used to warm up the legs. For 15 seconds, you need to alternately bend your leg and reach your buttocks with your heel. In this case, you can keep your hands behind your back.
Cross running. A method for quickly crossing the lower limbs. If you paid attention to the training of young football players, they often use this method of jogging.
Sprint. An experiment was conducted in the USA in which school teenagers participated. The latter were divided into two groups, one group of boys and girls trained for short distances, the other for long distances. The results of the training were as follows. Sprinters burned 900 calories in 60 minutes, marathon runners burned 4,400 calories in just 7 hours. At the same time, short intense runs had the best effect on the overall well-being of children.

I'm not advocating teaching your kids to only run 100 or 200 meters at their fastest pace. Become world sprinters like W. Bolt. After all, 20-minute light jogging in the morning will even bring more benefits to the child than sitting for many hours in front of a computer monitor. Instill a love for an active healthy lifestyle and sports. Health is one thing and it must be strengthened from childhood, including through sports running. Keep training yourself, move more.

Strengthen your health, keep your body muscles in constant tone by doing exercises on the street, in the gym. Be sure to eat right. To do this, subscribe to the latest news, share with friends on social media. networks, in the comments. Best regards, Sergei.

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REMINDER FOR TEACHERS

“METHODOLOGY FOR CARRYING OUT HEALTHY RUNNING

FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN"

Even the thinkers of Ancient Greece said:

“If you want to be healthy, run!

If you want to be beautiful, run!

If you want to be smart, run"

And for a child, running is a natural movement, characteristic of him from an early age. When running, almost all muscle groups work, which improves the functioning of the heart, respiratory system, and internal organs.

What is health running?

This is a long run at a slow pace. In children, the pulse is approximately 140-160 beats per minute, in children 5-6 years old - 150-170 beats per minute. The initial duration of running should be determined together with a preschool doctor, and an individual approach to children is also necessary. It is necessary to measure the length of the treadmill not only by the number of meters, but also by the time spent running one lap at a slow pace, because The number of laps run makes it easier for the teacher to navigate.

Every two weeks, the duration of the run increases by 15 seconds. But periodic “stops” are possible (unstable weather, for example in November, and in connection with this, it is difficult for the child to adapt to its constant changes; or it is an ARVI epidemic, quarantine, and other reasons).

In summer, the running duration does not increase.

As children move to the next age group, the initial running duration for them is set according to data from April - May.

In the school preparatory group, children run for 7-12 minutes every day.

METHOD OF HEALTHY RUNNING

Warm-up is necessary in order to warm up the muscles, make joints more mobile, and prepare the child psychologically. From the porch, on the go, you can do exercises for various muscle groups with your children - squats and different types of walking. The warm-up ends with running on the spot (so that the children do not “take off” from their place, but run at the right pace), performing exercises during the warm-up. Children move forward in a “flock”. You should not line them up one after another, because... Each child has their own individual running pace. They start pushing each other, stepping on each other’s heels, some lag behind, and then rush to catch up. Irrhythmic, intermittent running does not provide any health benefits.

The teacher runs the entire distance with the children. She monitors each child individually and, if necessary, offers to step away and rest. While running, the teacher is sometimes on the side of the children, sometimes in front, sometimes behind, encouraging the children. Gradually, the children begin to line up one after another, stretching out in a chain, and run evenly. The run ends with an even greater slowdown and a transition to walking with breathing exercises, then relaxation and the children rest for a while. The duration of rest depends on how quickly the children’s pulse returns to normal (from 1 to several minutes). Here, a consultation with a pediatrician is also necessary.

Children's clothing should be comfortable, not restricting movement, sports shoes or without heels. It is better not to practice barefoot running, because... children knock their fingers off (even on a dirt path).

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RUNNING

1. Running should be fun for children;

2.Run with children, but at a pace intended for children;

3. Run every day;

4.The longer the running distance, the shorter the warm-up;

5.After running, you need to relax.

It is important to remember that the initial running duration is determined for each child individually. Children who come back after illness are asked to walk a few laps instead of running, run a shorter distance, or not run at all, but just take a walk. The child’s mood is also taken into account. Any coercion is strictly prohibited!

Running during physical activity and gymnastics after sleep may be somewhat shorter. In winter, running is sometimes replaced by walking, and in summer by cycling.

You can run on an asphalt path or on a lawn.

It is necessary to ensure that there are no potholes, debris, stones, etc.

When teaching young children to run, the example of the teacher is of great importance. Therefore, in exercises and games, the teacher performs the task together with the children, drawing their attention to the ease of running and coordination of movements. He uses a game image, for example, run like mice.
When performing such imitative actions, it is not always necessary to show movements, but the teacher must be sure that the children understand and are familiar with the image proposed for imitation. There is no need to give children a lot of sometimes unclear instructions, for example, “raise your legs higher” or “move your arms harder.”
This often leads to the opposite result: children begin to stomp, running becomes heavy and abrupt, and the already established coordination of movements of the arms and legs goes wrong. To maintain children’s interest in learning, it is advisable to offer game tasks more often - run to a toy, run up to a tree or stone, play outdoor games with running: “Sparrows and a car”, “Cat and mice”, etc.
In the future, when teaching older children to run, the teacher shows less himself, explains more, pays attention to those who run well (run easily, rhythmically, correctly observing the running technique) and can serve as an example.
In order not to lose interest in running, children of older groups should be offered additional tasks: change the pace or direction of running, quickly stop and continue running again, run around objects, alternate running with other movements - walking, climbing, jumping, etc.
Running with the introduction of additional tasks is most often carried out in such exercises as “Catch the ball”, “On the bridge”, “Behind the high, behind the low”, “Stork, butterfly, frog”, “Run - don’t drop it”. The content of many of them includes running with catching and dodging, which affects the improvement of coordination of movements, running speed, and the development of agility.
Running at a steady, slow pace is useful for building endurance. It is used in working with children of all age groups. For children of the first and second junior groups, the duration of the run is 30-60 s; for children of the older groups, the duration of the run increases to 2-3 minutes. This type of running is used in exercises and games with pronounced continuous motor activity. It is advisable to use long, slow running in the air, including it in the games “Pilots”, “Cosmonauts”, etc., and alternating it with overcoming some obstacles (walk along a log, crawl under a rope, run up a hill and run away from it).

(E.N. Vavilova, “Teach to run, jump, climb, throw,” M., 1983)

Age	Features of children performing movements	Pedagogical requirements for teaching movement
Junior preschool age	Babies still cannot push off well from the ground or floor; they run hard, their steps are small, and not everyone has well-developed coordination of movements. Group running is difficult for children	Pay attention to children's posture while running. The duration of the run in younger groups is 30-40 seconds. Running should be alternated with other movements, as children get tired quickly. Pay attention to the ease of running and coordination of movements. It is advisable to teach running in small groups. Combine running with rest. Each child runs at his own pace, trying not to bump into others - when running in a flock in the indicated direction
Middle preschool age	Difficulty running in a group. Some children still step on their entire foot.	Pay special attention to the naturalness, ease of running, energetic push-off, elastic foot placement, and the ability to perform different types of running. As you master running, the requirements for technique increase.
Senior preschool age	Relatively high level of coordination of movements, which makes it possible to perform complex exercises	Additional tasks are offered: change the pace or direction of running, quickly stop and continue running again, run around objects, alternate running with other types of movements - walking, jumping, etc. achieve the correct running technique. The duration of the run is 2-3 minutes. The running distance increases.

Techniques for performing basic types of running in preschool age

Types of running	Execution technique
Normal running	Running is free, easy, with natural arm movements. arms are bent at the elbows, fingers are loosely bent (but not clenched into fists). When running, the arms move forward - up to approximately chest level, slightly inward, then are pulled back with the elbows to the sides. The leg bent at the knee is placed on the front of the foot. The body is slightly tilted forward, the head is in line with the body, the chest and shoulders are turned.
Running on your toes	The foot should be placed on the front of the foot without the heel touching the floor. The stride is wide, the pace is fast. Hand movements are calm, relaxed, in rhythm with the steps. Do not raise your hands high, you can put them on your belt.
Running high knee raise	Run, raising your leg bent at the knee at a right angle, placing it with a soft, elastic and at the same time quite energetic movement on the forefoot. The step is short, the head is raised high. You can put your hands on your belt.
Jogging with a wide stride	Take long steps, increasing your push and flight time. Place your foot from the heel with a roll over the entire foot. Try to fully straighten your pushing leg, pushing off vigorously. Hand movements are free and sweeping.
Running backwards leg bent at the knee	The body is tilted forward slightly more than usual, hands are on the belt. The leg bent at the knee is pulled back after the push (try to reach the buttock with the heel)
Cross-step running	Performed by overlapping almost straight legs: right - to the left, left - to the right
Jumping running	Performed energetically, with a wide sweeping movement. Push forward - up
Running at a fast pace	Performed on the forefoot or on the toes. The step is wide and swift. Hand movements are active, in time with running steps. Do energetic push-offs with your pushing leg, straightening it well. Bring your swing leg forward – up. The body is tilted forward in the direction of movement, the head is in line with it. Shoulders turned, not tense, look forward.
Slow running	Maintain a slow pace, do not speed up or slow down, run rhythmically. Take short steps, place your foot on the forefoot or elastically from heel to toe. The movements of the arms are calm, the arms are bent at the elbows at waist level, the shoulders are slightly relaxed.
Shuttle run	A wide, rapid stride alternates with sharp braking at the end when moving in a straight line and frequent steps when turning. Before changing direction, steps become more frequent and shorter, knees bent to maintain balance. Hand movements are natural, helping movement in a straight line and when turning.

Methods of teaching children of different age groups to run, methodological development on physical education on the topic. Educational portal A set of exercises for teaching running to preschoolers

TYPES OF RUNNING

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