Essay text:
The story “Taras Bulba” is one of the most beautiful poetic creations of Russian fiction. At the center of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba” is the heroic image of a people who are fighting for justice and their independence from invaders. Never before has the scope of people's life been so fully and vividly reflected in Russian literature. Each hero of the story is unique, individual and is an integral part of the life of the people.
In his work, Gogol shows the people not as forced and submissive, but as free and proud, merciless towards the enemies of the Motherland and the people, traitors and traitors. The heroes are endowed with self-esteem, intelligence, nobility, love of freedom, capable of enduring any torment in the name of the Fatherland.
The image of Taras is imbued with the harsh and tender poetry of fatherhood. He is a father not only to his sons, but also to the Cossacks who entrusted him with command. The image of Taras is one of the most tragic images in world literature. His heroic death confirms the greatness of the struggle for the freedom of the people.
In his story, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol not only talks about fearless warriors, but also gives detailed pictures of lush and beautiful nature. The characteristic features of Gogol's mastery are expressed in landscape sketches. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol painted nature magnificently. “The further the steppe went, the more beautiful it became. Then the entire south, the entire space that makes up present-day Novorossiya, right up to the Black Sea, was a green, virgin desert... Nothing in nature could be better. The entire surface of the earth appears as a green-golden ocean, over which millions of different colors splashed..."
The image of the steppe for the writer is the image of the Motherland, strong, powerful and beautiful. The description of the steppe reflected, first of all, Gogol’s ardent love for his native land, faith in its strength and power, admiration for its beauty and endless expanses. The free, boundless steppes help to understand the character of the Cossacks and the origins of their heroism. Only courageous people, proud, strong, brave, endowed with a breadth of soul and generosity of heart, can live in such a steppe. The steppe is the birthplace of heroes, heroic Cossacks.
The landscape of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol is very lyrical, imbued with a sense of admiration and amazes with its richness of colors. Nature helps the reader to more fully understand the inner world of the characters. When the sons of Taras, having said goodbye to their saddened mother, leave their native farm, Gogol, instead of showing the depressed mood of the travelers, limits himself to the phrase: “The day was gray, the greenery sparkled brightly, the birds chirped somehow in discord.” The inner world and state of mind of the characters are instantly revealed. People are upset, they cannot concentrate, everything around them seems to be devoid of unity and harmony.
Nature lives in Gogol the same intense and multifaceted life as his heroes.
When describing the siege of the city of Dubno before Andria’s meeting with the beautiful lady’s maid, there is also a landscape sketch. “A certain spirituality in the heart” that the young man feels is compared by Gogol with a picture of a July night. However, there is no admiration for her beauty, but there is a feeling of anxiety. Next to the description of the starry sky, the view of the Cossacks’ camp falling asleep appears, and “something majestic and menacing”, which turned out to be “the glow in the distance of the burning out surroundings,” seems to warn of impending terrible events.
The landscape in N.V. Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba” plays an important role, sparingly but very accurately depicting the scene of action and the mood of the characters.
Reference material for schoolchildren:
Gogol Nikolai Vasilyevich is a representative of the galaxy of the most outstanding and honored writers of Russia.
Years of life: 1809-1852.
The most famous works and works:
Dead Souls
Auditor
Marriage
Theater crossing
Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka
Mirgorod
Viy
The story of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich
Old world landowners
Taras Bulba
Petersburg stories
Nevsky Avenue
Nose
Overcoat
Diary of a Madman
Portrait
Stroller
Lesson topic:
ARTISTIC FEATURES
N. V. GOGOL'S STORY "TARAS BULBA".
ROLE OF LANDSCAPE IN THE STORY.
Objectives: to deepen knowledge about the role of landscape in a work of art; determine the function of artistic detail in the story; improve skills in analyzing literary texts.
During the classes.
I.Org moment.
II.Checking homework.
Students read out their homework. The teacher comments.
III.Analysis of the artistic features of the story.
Teacher: We will begin our analysis of the artistic features of the story by determining the role of artistic detail in the work.
Artistic detail- a detail of the interior, landscape, appearance of the hero, his speech, which helps to better understand the image or work.
(students write down the definition in their notebook).
Work with text.Students read a fragment of the scene of Taras’s capture when he lifts the cradle with tobacco.
Conversation on questions:Teacher: What is the significance of the cradle for the characteristics of Taras?
Student: For Taras, the cradle is a part of his life, his companion on the seas and on land, on hikes and at home.
Teacher: What is the meaning of the word cradle?
Student: A cradle is a smoking pipe. The second meaning is a cradle for a baby, a symbol of home. And for Taras, the cradle is part of his home. Therefore, he, risking himself, tries to lift the cradle so that the Poles do not get it.
Teacher: Find in the text examples of artistic details that help to better understand the character of Taras’s sons. What details of the appearance and behavior of these characters most clearly and succinctly characterize them?
Student: When we characterize Taras, we remember the incident when he ran away from the bursa and buried his primer. For him, a book is not a symbol of knowledge, but a symbol of the forced teaching with which he studied.
Student: I associate the image of Andriy with the beautiful eyes of Panenka, with whom he fell in love, how he drowned, died, This love brought him death. When he entered the battle on the side of the Poles, a scarf fluttered on his sleeve - a gift from his beloved - a symbol of love.
Teacher: Give examples of household details and interior details of the story. What is their role?
Pupils (read out the description of Taras’s upper room). The details in the description of Taras's room characterize its owner - a freedom-loving person, passionate about hunting, fishing, and often goes on military campaigns.
Students: (read out the description of the food). This description characterizes Taras’s idea of the food of real Cossacks.
Teacher: Let's remember what a landscape is? What is his role in the work?
Students: Landscape is a description of nature in a work. In a literary work, the landscape reveals the beauty of the surrounding world, serves as a backdrop where actions take place, conveys the mood of the characters, and conveys the author’s position.
Work with text.Students read descriptions of the landscape in the text (description of the steppe, picture of the Dnieper, July night).
Conversation on questions:Teacher: What does the author pay attention to when describing the steppe?
Students: He describes very accurately, clearly describes natural phenomena, the description is colorful, indicates the change of time of day.
Teacher: The language of the episodes where the steppe is described is very figurative. Vivid metaphors help to imagine the steppe, sparkling with different colors.
Students: The description uses a comparison of the steppe with a green desert, a green and golden ocean, with immeasurable waves.
Teacher: What color scheme helps present these images?
Students: The colors and shades are very different: green, gold, blue, yellow, blue. Against their background you can see many living images: “hawks stood”, “a seagull rose”, “partridges darted”.
Students: Bird whistle, the cry of wild geese, the rustle of grass.
Teacher: For what do you think? Gogol introduces a description of the steppe into the story.
Students: The steppe is a symbol of the homeland and freedom. The steppe connects two worlds – Bulba’s house and the Zaporozhye Sich.
Students: The Dnieper is also a symbol of will, freedom and the Motherland. It is no coincidence that there is a saying: “The Volga is mother, the Dnieper is father.” The Dnieper is a home, it is a breadwinner, it is a protector.
Teacher: Why does the description of nature echo the description of the life of the Cossacks, and not the Poles.
Students: The life of the Cossacks is spent in nature, but the Poles are far from it.
Students: Cossacks are free as birds, and the Sich is their home.
Teacher: In the story “Taras Bulba” the close connection between nature and the inner world of the Cossacks is shown by the author using various expressive means. The natural world and the human world are interconnected, because everything that surrounds them is their native land. Consequently, Gogol’s steppe is an image of the Motherland.
Students: Gogol uses epithets, comparisons, metaphors, personifications, hyperboles.
Independent work.Students write down examples of tropes.
Checking the work.Teacher: What is the role of hyperbole in a text?
Students: Hyperbole is typical for epics, for describing heroes.
Teacher: Give examples of syntactic features of language (rhetorical appeals, exclamations, repetitions).
Students read examples from the text.
Teacher: Gogol uses the technique of opposition in the story. Where does the opposition occur?
Students: Cossacks and Poles are contrasted, Ostap and Andriy, Andriy among the Cossacks and among the Poles.
VI. Summarizing. Homework.
Learn by heart one of the descriptions of the steppe.
“Taras Bulba” is a story by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, part of the “Mirgorod” cycle. The events of the book take place among the Zaporozhye Cossacks, in the first half of the 17th century
Main stages of the plot: exposition, plot, development of action, climax, denouement, epilogue.
The writer focuses on the era of the national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people and heroic characters, rather than specific events and real historical figures. The writer did not strive for accuracy. Hence the conventionality of the chronological data reported in Taras Bulba. Taras Bulba was a native “Cossack” who lived in Ukraine. In those distant times, Ukraine was captured by Polish and Lithuanian knights. Some wealthy residents of Ukraine went over to the side of the invaders. Taras Bulba and other patriots of their homeland organized the Zaporozhye Sich and fought against the invaders. The image of the warrior people in the story is inextricably linked with the image of the working people. “Modern foreigners then rightly marveled at his extraordinary abilities. There was no craft that the Cossack did not know: smoking wine, equipping a cart, grinding gunpowder, doing blacksmithing and plumbing work and, in addition to that, going wild - all this was within his capabilities.” The writer does not resort to any means of embellishing, softening, or obscuring the features of the era, the severity and brutality of the war. Gogol depicts all the greatness and heroism of the people's liberation war and completely, unconditionally joins the people. Gogol took the history of the Ukrainian people at the moment of its high rise, at such a moment when, just as it happens in the decisive moments of a person’s life, the entire character of the people is tested.
Description of the characters:
Image of Taras Bulba: heavy character, this is evidenced by: the decoration of his room, his attitude towards his wife, his behavior in battle. After the arrival of his sons Ostap and Andriy, he decides to take them to the Sich. The image of Taras is imbued with the lofty, harsh and tender poetry of fatherhood. Taras is a father not only to his sons, but also to all the Cossacks who entrusted him with command over them. And Andriy’s execution itself for Taras is the fulfillment of his father’s duty. Taras Bulba is one of the most powerful and integral tragic characters in world literature. His heroic death confirms the heroic life, the greatness of the struggle for the freedom of the people. Taras Bulba appears as an old Cossack colonel.
The image of Ostap.
Appearance, portrait:“...two strapping young men, still looking from under their brows, like recently graduated seminarians. Their strong, healthy faces were covered with the first fluff of hair that had not yet been touched by a razor.”
Character:“Ostap was always considered one of the best comrades... never, under any circumstances, betrayed his comrades... was stern towards motives other than war and riotous revelry... was straightforward with equals... had kindness... ."
Image of Andria.
Appearance, portrait:". ..two strapping young men, still looking from under their brows, like recently graduated seminarians. Their strong, healthy faces were covered with the first fluff of hair that had not yet been touched by a razor.”
Character:“Andriy had somewhat more lively and somehow more developed feelings... more often than not he was the leader of a rather dangerous enterprise and sometimes, with the help of his inventive mind, he knew how to evade punishment.” He had a heavy and strong character.
Features of the genre- story. Depicting the events in the story, revealing the characters of the characters, describing nature, N.V. Gogol uses various artistic and expressive means: epithets, metaphors, comparisons, which make the characterized objects bright, unique, and original. For example, when depicting the Zaporozhye steppe, the writer uses the following epithets: “virgin desert”, “green-golden ocean”, “silver-pink light”. When describing the siege of the city of Dubno, the story contains the following metaphors and comparisons: “they burst out with grapeshot,” “copper caps shone like suns, feathered with white feathers like a swan.” Showing the death of Ostap, N.V. Gogol uses the following comparisons and epithets: “he endured torment and torture like a giant,” “a terrible pig,” “decrepit rags.”
Reading by heart a poem about the native nature of one of the poets of the 20th century (to choose from). Features of poetic speech. Poem by Boris Pasternak "July".
The poem "July", referring to landscape lyrics, was written by Boris Pasternak in 1956 during his summer holiday in Peredelkino. It clearly reflects the characteristic focus of poetry at the late stage of the poet’s work on the perception and understanding of the natural world and the human world as one inextricable whole.
Theme of the poem coincides with its title: Pasternak colorfully and figuratively, very lovingly describes the month that marks the middle of summer. main idea is to show the beauty of July, the poet’s sincere admiration for the lightness and freshness of this summer month. In the second part of the poem, the poet names the guest’s name - July. The leading visual and poetic medium in building image of July deployed personifications– they are the ones who allow us to spiritualize the summer month and create its “humanized” image. The poet calls July a brownie, a spoiled ignoramus, a disheveled person, and a summer resident on vacation. The “humanization” of July is enhanced by the use of colloquial words (clothes, wiped) And deliberately colloquial language (dragging, disheveled). Merry July has a human character: he “hanging out inappropriately everywhere”, talks loudly, "gets in the way". Variety of hypostases "visiting resident" conveys the whole gamut of impressions that the prankster evokes in the poet. The author is happy to give up space - "whole house"- to his guest, the lively and unpredictable mischievous July, who easily breaks the generally accepted boring rules.
Ticket No. 6
1. The theme of the relationship between landowners and peasants in the cycle of stories by I.S. Turgenev “Notes of a Hunter” (using the example of one work: “Biryuk”, “Bezhin Meadow”, etc.).
In the story “Bezhin Meadow,” Turgenev was one of the first Russian writers to realistically depict peasant children.
With the entirety of his peasant images, Turgenev argued that in his country there were not only “dead souls” of landowner-serf Russia, but also “living souls” of the simple Russian people.
“Notes of a Hunter” is dominated by three themes: the life of peasants, the life of landowners and the spiritual world of the educated class.
The story “Biryuk” deals more with the topic not of landowners and peasants, but with the problem of peasants and peasants, their attitude towards each other.
Everyone is afraid, wary, and disliked of the main character. But he’s just doing his job, and it’s precisely his desire to do the job conscientiously that people don’t like. Biryuk is a serf peasant like everyone else, and it’s also not easy for him, because he he has a daughter and a little son, and his wife ran away, leaving them alone. Despite his apparent callousness and cruelty, Biryuk is actually kind and fair.
This text highlights several problems:
1. The problem of serfdom, which disfigures a person who is forced to violate either property rights or the laws of philanthropy. This is the central problem from which all others flow. Associated with the image of Biryuk. Biryuk will take pity on the peasants who cut down trees.
2. The problem of a person strictly fulfilling his official duty. Associated with the image of the main character. A person who strictly fulfills all the duties assigned to him becomes an outcast, he is not loved (even hated) and feared. By the way, the real Biryuk - there was such a forester on the estate of Turgenev's mother - the peasants killed in the forest.
3. The problem of this person’s relationship with other people. The tightness is related to the second problem.
4. The problem of strictly following one’s life positions and the reasons that prompt one to retreat from these positions. Biryuk’s position in life: a person must fulfill the duties assigned to him (“I fulfill my duty,” he answered gloomily, “I don’t have to eat the master’s bread for nothing”). But philanthropy wins - Biryuk releases the peasant when no one hopes for it anymore.
2.Reading by heart a poem by a songwriter (optional). Personal perception of the work.
Bulat Okudzhava is a Soviet poet, writer, prose writer and author of more than 200 original songs and pop songs written on his own poems. He is one of the brightest representatives of original songs of the 80s and 50s
"along the Smolensk road"
History of creation: one day Bulat O. together with M. went on a hike along the Smolensk road, driving in a car in winter. They had a guitar and while they were traveling then they wrote it, but the poems appeared later. Theme: the road of separation from a loved one, the general intonation is sad and sad. There are song features: repetitions of words, artistic means of expression comparison + example
Along the Smolensk road - forests, forests, forests. Along the Smolensk road - pillars, pillars, pillars. Above the Smolensk road, like your eyes, Two evening stars, blue of my fate. Along the Smolensk road - a blizzard in the face, in the face. All of us are driven from home by business, business, business. Maybe if the ring were more reliable than your hands - In short, the road would probably be easier for me. Along the Smolensk road - forests, forests, forests. Along the Smolensk road - pillars hum, hum. On the Smolensk road, like your eyes, Two cold blue stars look, look.
Discussing the life of ordinary Cossacks, the existence of the Zaporozhye Sich, N.V. Gogol creates a unique work about the Ukrainian Cossacks of yesteryear, “Taras Bulba”. When describing the events of the past N.V. Gogol is not so much concerned with historical authenticity as with the attitude to life, love, duty, and homeland of the Zaporozhye Cossacks. Therefore, thanks to its artistic features, the story “Taras Bulba” became an original, distinctive work of the writer.
N.V. Gogol uses the genre of the story for his work. For the basis of the plot
Key events in the life of the main characters are taken: the arrival of Ostap and Andriy home from the Kyiv Bursa, their meeting with their father and mother, their quick departure to the Zaporozhye Sich, life there, military battles, the death of the heroes. A literary character is characterized by the writer through his portrait, actions, and relationships with other characters. So, when describing Taras Bulba, the old Cossack’s attitude to camaraderie, to Cossack life, and behavior during battle are important.
Landscape plays an important role in Gogol's story. Nature here is not just a backdrop against which events unfold, but is a way of revealing the character’s character.
For example, when describing the trip of Taras Bulba with his sons to the Zaporozhye Sich, the steppe along which the heroes are riding is depicted, and “everything that was vague and sleepy in the Cossacks’ souls instantly flew away; their hearts fluttered like birds.”
Depicting the events in the story, revealing the characters of the characters, describing nature, N.V. Gogol uses various artistic and expressive means: epithets, metaphors, comparisons, which make the characterized objects bright, unique, and original. For example, when depicting the Zaporozhye steppe, the writer uses the following epithets: “virgin desert”, “green-golden ocean”, “silver-pink light”. When describing the siege of the city of Dubno, the story contains the following metaphors and comparisons: “they burst out with grapeshot,” “the copper caps shone like suns, feathered with white feathers like a swan.” Showing the death of Ostap, N.V. Gogol uses the following comparisons and epithets: “endured torment and torture like a giant”, “terrible boar”, “decrepit rags”.
The listed artistic features of the story “Taras Bulba” help the reader to see the beauty of the artistic word, the brightness, and uniqueness of literary images.
(Option 2)
The atmosphere of constant danger, heroism and betrayal keeps the reader in suspense.
Tale by N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba" is close to the heroic epic and historical novel.
The peaceful life of the Zaporozhye Sich is described in detail; a picture of the Ukrainian steppe appears before us. The city besieged by the Cossacks is described in detail. He is shown through the eyes of Andriy, who is able to admire the beauty of nature, women, and music. The beauty of the Cossacks, which delights Taras Bulba at the entrance to the Sich, is the beauty of hidden strength and power. The hyperboles that the author uses help to recreate the epic, heroic image. External beauty and beauty of action are often contrasted in the text. From the point of view of Taras Bulba, the beauty of the Polish woman ruined Andria.
Peaceful life and military life are necessary for the author to show the formation of his heroes, their maturation. We see several opposing sides: Cossacks and Poles, Cossacks and Tatars. Taras Bulba specifically immerses his sons in the elements of war in order to test them, toughen them, and see what these knights are capable of. Andriy, having fallen in love, moves from one camp to another and dies, since in the choice between love for the fatherland and love for a woman, the woman came first.
All three main characters die: Andria is killed by his father, who has not forgiven his betrayal, Ostap and Taras are captured and die, one under torture, the other at the stake. The cruelty of morals of that time, the description of a hungry city, numerous battles, and torture create an image of the time that the author describes. There are no famous historical figures in the text; the main characters are ordinary people, unknown, fictional heroes, of whom there could have been many at that time, but it is this “ordinariness” that makes them extraordinary for the reader, and the era described heroic. If the behavior of people like Ostap and Taras in battle and in captivity is usual, then what should unusual, heroic behavior be like?
The author praises and condemns his heroes, is proud of them and is horrified by what they do, what they do to them. He is objective. The atmosphere of constant danger, almost never-ending battle or anticipation of battle, feat and betrayal, love and cunning keeps the reader in constant suspense, and the author's digressions force him to compare times.
The story “Taras Bulba” is one of the most beautiful poetic creations of Russian fiction. At the center of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba” is the heroic image of a people who are fighting for justice and their independence from invaders. Never before has the scope of people's life been so fully and vividly reflected in Russian literature. Each hero of the story is unique, individual and is an integral part of the life of the people.
In his work, Gogol shows the people not as forced and submissive, but as free and proud, merciless towards the enemies of the Motherland and the people, traitors and traitors. The heroes are endowed with self-esteem, intelligence, nobility, love of freedom, capable of enduring any torment in the name of the Fatherland.
The image of Taras is imbued with the harsh and tender poetry of fatherhood. He is a father not only to his sons, but also to the Cossacks who entrusted him with command. The image of Taras is one of the most tragic images in world literature. His heroic death confirms the greatness of the struggle for the freedom of the people.
In his story, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol not only talks about fearless warriors, but also gives detailed pictures of lush and beautiful nature. The characteristic features of Gogol's mastery are expressed in landscape sketches. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol painted nature magnificently. “The further the steppe went, the more beautiful it became. Then the entire south, the entire space that makes up present-day Novorossiya, right up to the Black Sea, was a green, virgin desert... Nothing in nature could be better. The entire surface of the earth appears as a green-golden ocean, over which millions of different colors splashed..."
The image of the steppe for the writer is the image of the Motherland, strong, powerful and beautiful. The description of the steppe reflected, first of all, Gogol’s ardent love for his native land, faith in its strength and power, admiration for its beauty and endless expanses. The free, boundless steppes help to understand the character of the Cossacks and the origins of their heroism. Only courageous people, proud, strong, brave, endowed with a breadth of soul and generosity of heart, can live in such a steppe. The steppe is the birthplace of heroes, heroic Cossacks.
The landscape of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol is very lyrical, imbued with a sense of admiration and amazes with its richness of colors. Nature helps the reader to more fully understand the inner world of the characters. When the sons of Taras, having said goodbye to their saddened mother, leave their native farm, Gogol, instead of showing the depressed mood of the travelers, limits himself to the phrase: “The day was gray, the greenery sparkled brightly, the birds chirped somehow in discord.” The inner world and state of mind of the characters are instantly revealed. People are upset, they cannot concentrate, everything around them seems to be devoid of unity and harmony.
Nature lives in Gogol the same intense and multifaceted life as his heroes.
When describing the siege of the city of Dubno before Andria’s meeting with the beautiful lady’s maid, there is also a landscape sketch. “Some kind of stuffiness in the heart” that the young man feels is compared by Gogol with a picture of a July night. However, there is no admiration for her beauty, but there is a feeling of anxiety. Next to the description of the starry sky, the view of the Cossacks’ camp falling asleep appears, and “something majestic and menacing”, which turned out to be “the glow in the distance of the burning out surroundings,” seems to warn of impending terrible events.
The landscape in N.V. Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba” plays an important role, sparingly but very accurately depicting the scene of action and the mood of the characters.
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- At the literature lesson we got acquainted with the work of N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls". This poem gained great popularity. The work has been filmed several times both in the Soviet Union and in modern Russia. Also, the names of the main characters have become symbolic: Plyushkin is a symbol of stinginess and storage of unnecessary things, Sobakevich is an uncouth person, Manilovism is immersion in dreams that have no connection with reality. Some phrases have become catchphrases. The main character of the poem is Chichikov. […]
- Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol noted that the main theme of “Dead Souls” was contemporary Russia. The author believed that “there is no other way to direct society or even an entire generation towards the beautiful until you show the full depth of its real abomination.” That is why the poem presents a satire on the local nobility, bureaucracy and other social groups. The composition of the work is subordinated to this task of the author. The image of Chichikov traveling around the country in search of the necessary connections and wealth allows N.V. Gogol […]
- Gogol was always attracted by everything eternal and unshakable. By analogy with Dante's "Divine Comedy", he decides to create a work in three volumes, where he could show the past, present and future of Russia. The author even designates the genre of the work in an unusual way - poem, since different fragments of life are collected in one artistic whole. The composition of the poem, which is built on the principle of concentric circles, allows Gogol to trace Chichikov’s movement through the provincial town of N, the estates of landowners and all of Russia. Already with […]
- The work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol fell on the dark era of Nicholas I. It was the 30s. XIX century, when reaction reigned in Russia after the suppression of the Decembrist uprising, all dissidents were persecuted, the best people were persecuted. Describing contemporary reality, N.V. Gogol creates a poem “Dead Souls” that is brilliant in its depth of reflection of life. The basis of “Dead Souls” is that the book is a reflection not of individual features of reality and characters, but of the reality of Russia as a whole. Myself […]
- French traveler, author of the famous book “Russia in 1839” The Marquis de Kestin wrote: “Russia is ruled by a class of officials who occupy administrative positions straight from school... each of these gentlemen becomes a nobleman, having received a cross in his buttonhole... Upstarts are among those in power, and they use their power as befits upstarts.” The Tsar himself admitted with bewilderment that it was not he, the All-Russian autocrat, who ruled his empire, but the head appointed by him. Provincial town [...]
- N.V. Gogol wrote about the idea of his comedy: “In The Inspector General, I decided to collect in one measure all the bad things in Russia that I knew then, all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where the most is required of a person justice, and laugh at everything at once.” This determined the genre of the work - socio-political comedy. It examines not love affairs, not events of private life, but phenomena of social order. The plot of the work is based on a commotion among officials […]
- N.V. Gogol based his comedy “The Inspector General” on the plot of an everyday joke, where, through imposture or an accidental misunderstanding, one person is mistaken for another. This plot interested A.S. Pushkin, but he himself did not use it, giving it to Gogol. Working diligently and for a long time (from 1834 to 1842) on “The Inspector General,” reworking and rewriting, inserting some scenes and throwing out others, the writer developed the traditional plot with remarkable skill into a coherent and coherent, psychologically convincing and […]
- Explaining the meaning of The Inspector General, N.V. Gogol pointed to the role of laughter: “I am sorry that no one noticed the honest face that was in my play. Yes, there was one honest, noble person who acted in her throughout her entire life. This honest, noble face was full of laughter.” A close friend of N.V. Gogol wrote that modern Russian life does not provide material for comedy. To which Gogol replied: “Comedy is hidden everywhere... Living among it, we do not see it..., but if the artist transfers it into art, onto the stage, then we are above ourselves […]
- Landowner Appearance Estate Characteristics Attitude to Chichikov's request Manilov The man is not yet old, his eyes are as sweet as sugar. But there was too much sugar. In the first minute of a conversation with him you will say what a nice person he is, after a minute you will say nothing, and in the third minute you will think: “The devil knows what this is!” The master's house stands on a hill, open to all winds. The economy is in complete decline. The housekeeper steals, there is always something missing in the house. Cooking in the kitchen is a mess. Servants - […]
- By the beginning of Act IV of the comedy “The Inspector General,” the mayor and all the officials were finally convinced that the inspector sent to them was a significant government official. Through the power of fear and reverence for him, the “funny”, “dummy” Khlestakov became what they saw in him. Now you need to protect, protect your department from audits and protect yourself. Officials are convinced that the inspector must be given a bribe, “slipped” in the same way as is done in a “well-ordered society,” that is, “between the four eyes, so that the ears don’t hear,” […]
- The silent scene in N. V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” is preceded by the denouement of the plot, Khlestakov’s letter is read, and the self-deception of the officials becomes clear. At this moment, what connected the heroes throughout the entire stage action - fear - goes away, and the unity of people disintegrates before our eyes. The terrible shock that the news of the arrival of the real auditor produced on everyone again unites people with horror, but this is no longer the unity of living people, but the unity of lifeless fossils. Their muteness and frozen poses show [...]
- The peculiarity of Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” is that it has a “mirage intrigue,” that is, officials are fighting against a ghost created by their bad conscience and fear of retribution. The one who is mistaken for an auditor does not even make any deliberate attempts to deceive or fool the deluded officials. The development of the action reaches its climax in Act III. The comic struggle continues. The mayor deliberately moves towards his goal: to force Khlestakov to “let it slip”, “tell more”, in order […]
