The text of the first adventure (or picaresque) novel known in world literature has survived only in fragments: excerpts of the 15th, 16th and presumably 14th chapters. There is no beginning, no end, and apparently there were 20 chapters in total...

The main character (the story is told on his behalf) is the unbalanced young man Encolpius, skilled in rhetoric, clearly not stupid, but, alas, a flawed person. He is hiding, fleeing punishment for robbery, murder and, most importantly, for sexual sacrilege, which brought upon him the wrath of Priapus, a very peculiar ancient Greek god of fertility. (By the time the novel takes place, the cult of this god had flourished in Rome. Phallic motifs are obligatory in images of Priapus: many of his sculptures have survived)

Encolpius and his fellow parasites Ascylt, Giton and Agamemnon arrived in one of the Hellenic colonies in Campania (a region of ancient Italy). While visiting the rich Roman horseman Lycurgus, they all “intertwined in couples.” At the same time, not only normal (from our point of view), but also purely male love is honored here. Then Encolpius and Ascylt (who until recently were “brothers”) periodically change their sympathies and love situations. Ascylt is attracted to the cute boy Giton, and Encolpius hits on the beautiful Tryphaena...

Soon the action of the novel moves to the estate of the shipowner Likh. And - new love entanglements, in which the pretty Dorida, Likh’s wife, also takes part. As a result, Encolpius and Giton have to urgently get away from the estate.

On the way, the dashing rhetorician-lover climbs onto a ship that has run aground, and there manages to steal an expensive robe from the statue of Isis and the helmsman’s money. Then he returns to the estate to Lycurgus.

The bacchanalia of Priapus' admirers - the wild "pranks" of Priapus' harlots... After many adventures, Encolpius, Giton, Ascyltos and Agamemnon end up at a feast in the house of Trimalchio - a rich freedman, a dense ignoramus who imagines himself to be very educated. He energetically strives to enter the “high society.”

Conversations at the feast. Tales of gladiators. The owner importantly informs the guests: “Now I have two libraries. One is Greek, the second is Latin.” But then it turns out that in his head the famous heroes and plots of Hellenic myths and the Homeric epic are most monstrously mixed up. The self-confident arrogance of an illiterate owner is limitless. He mercifully addresses the guests and at the same time, yesterday’s slave himself, is unjustifiably cruel to the servants. However, Trimalchio is easy-going...

On a huge silver platter, the servants bring in a whole boar, from which blackbirds suddenly fly out. They are immediately intercepted by bird catchers and distributed to guests. An even more grandiose pig is stuffed with fried sausages. There immediately turned out to be a dish with cakes: “In the middle of it was Priapus made of dough, holding, according to custom, a basket of apples, grapes and other fruits. We greedily pounced on the fruits, but the new fun intensified the fun. For from all the cakes, at the slightest pressure, fountains of saffron began to flow..."

Then three boys bring in images of the three Lars (guardian gods of home and family). Trimalchio reports: their names are the Breadwinner, the Lucky One and the Profitmaker. To entertain those present, Nicerotus, a friend of Trimalchio, tells a story about a werewolf soldier, and Trimalchio himself tells a story about a witch who stole a dead boy from a coffin and replaced the body with a fofan (straw effigy).

Meanwhile, the second meal begins: blackbirds stuffed with nuts and raisins. Then a huge fat goose is served, surrounded by all kinds of fish and poultry. But it turned out that the most skillful cook (named Daedalus!) created all this from... pork.

“Then something began that is simply embarrassing to tell: according to some unheard of custom, curly-haired boys brought perfume in silver bottles and rubbed them on the legs of those reclining, having previously entangled their legs, from the knee to the heel, with flower garlands.”

The cook, as a reward for his skill, was allowed to lie down at the table with the guests for a while. At the same time, the servants, serving the next dishes, always hummed something, regardless of the presence of voice and hearing. Dancers, acrobats and magicians also entertained guests almost continuously.

Touched, Trimalchio decided to announce... his will, a detailed description of the future magnificent tombstone and the inscription on it (his own composition, of course) with a detailed listing of his titles and merits. Even more touched by this, he cannot resist making the corresponding speech: “Friends! And slaves are people: they were fed with the same milk as us. And it is not their fault that their fate is bitter. However, by my grace, soon they will drink free water, I am setting them all free in my will. I am now declaring all this so that my servants will love me now just as they will love me when I die.”

The adventures of Encolpius continue. One day he wanders into the Pinakothek (art gallery), where he admires the paintings of the famous Hellenic painters Apelles, Zeuxis and others. He immediately meets the old poet Eumolpus and does not part with him until the very end of the story (or rather, until the end known to us).

Eumolpus speaks almost continuously in verse, for which he was repeatedly stoned. Although his poems were not bad at all. And sometimes very good. The prose outline of “Satyricon” is often interrupted by poetic inserts (“Poem about the Civil War”, etc.). Petronius was not only a very observant and talented prose writer and poet, but also an excellent imitator and parodist: he masterfully imitated the literary style of his contemporaries and famous predecessors.

Eumolpus and Encolpius talk about art. Educated people have something to talk about. Meanwhile, the handsome Giton returns from Ascylt to confess to his former “brother” Encolpius. He explains his betrayal by fear of Ascylt: “For he possessed a weapon of such magnitude that the man himself seemed only an appendage to this structure.” A new twist of fate: all three end up on Likh’s ship. But not all of them are greeted equally cordially. However, the old poet restores peace. After which he entertains his companions with the “Tale of the Inconsolable Widow.”

A certain matron from Ephesus was distinguished by great modesty and marital fidelity. And when her husband died, she followed him into the burial dungeon and intended to starve herself there. The widow does not give in to the persuasion of her family and friends. Only a faithful servant brightens up her loneliness in the crypt and just as stubbornly goes hungry. The fifth day of mourning self-torture has passed...

“...At this time, the ruler of that region ordered several robbers to be crucified not far from the dungeon in which the widow was crying over a fresh corpse. And so that someone would not steal the bodies of the robbers, wanting to bury them, they placed one soldier on guard near the crosses. As night fell, he noticed that among the tombstones a rather bright light was pouring from somewhere, he heard the groans of the unfortunate widow and, out of curiosity, characteristic of to the entire human race, I wanted to know who it was and what was going on there. He immediately went down to the crypt and, seeing there a woman of remarkable beauty, as if before some miracle, as if meeting face to face with the shadows of the underworld, he stood for some time in confusion. Then, when he finally saw the dead body lying in front of him, when he examined her tears and her face scratched with nails, he, of course, realized that this was only a woman who, after the death of her husband, could not find peace for herself out of grief. Then he brought his modest dinner to the crypt and began to convince the weeping beauty so that she would stop killing herself in vain and not tormenting her chest with useless sobs.”

After some time, the faithful maid also joins the soldier’s persuasion. Both convince the widow that it is too early for her to rush to the next world. Not immediately, but the sad Ephesian beauty still begins to succumb to their admonitions. At first, exhausted by long fasting, she is tempted by food and drink. And after some time, the soldier manages to win the heart of a beautiful widow.

“They spent in mutual embrace not only that night on which they celebrated their wedding, but the same thing happened the next, and even on the third day. And the doors to the dungeon, in case any of the relatives and friends came to the grave, were, of course, locked, so that it would seem as if this most chaste of wives had died over the body of her husband.”

Meanwhile, the relatives of one of the crucified people, taking advantage of the lack of security, removed his body from the cross and buried it. And when the loving guard discovered this and, trembling with fear of the impending punishment, told the widow about the loss, she decided: “I prefer to hang a dead man than to destroy a living one.” According to this, she gave advice to pull her husband out of the coffin and nail him to an empty cross. The soldier immediately took advantage of the sensible woman’s brilliant idea. And the next day, all passers-by were perplexed as to how the dead man climbed onto the cross.

A storm is rising at sea. Likh perishes in the abyss. The rest continue to rush through the waves. Moreover, even in this critical situation, Eumolpus does not stop his poetic recitations. But in the end, the unfortunate people are saved and spend a restless night in a fisherman's hut.

And soon they all end up in Crotona - one of the oldest Greek colonial cities on the southern coast of the Apennine Peninsula. This, by the way, is the only geographical point specifically designated in the text of the novel available to us.

In order to live comfortably and carefree (as they are used to) in a new city, the adventure friends decide: Eumolpus will pass himself off as a very wealthy man, wondering who to bequeath all his untold wealth. No sooner said than done. This makes it possible for cheerful friends to live in peace, enjoying not only a warm welcome from the townspeople, but also unlimited credit. For many Crotonians counted on a share in the will of Eumolpus and vied with each other to win his favor.

And again a series of love adventures follows, not so much as the misadventures of Encolpius. All his troubles are connected with the already mentioned anger of Priapus.

But the Crotonians have finally seen the light, and there is no limit to their just anger. The townspeople are energetically preparing reprisals against the cunning people. Encolpius and Giton manage to escape from the city, leaving Eumolpus there.

The inhabitants of Crotona deal with the old poet according to their ancient custom. When some disease was raging in the city, the citizens supported and fed one of their compatriots for a year in the best possible way at the expense of the community. And then they sacrificed: this “scapegoat” was thrown from a high cliff. This is exactly what the Crotonians did with Eumolpus.

Retold

Arbiter Petronius

"Satyricon"

The main character (the story is told on his behalf) is the unbalanced young man Encolpius, skilled in rhetoric, clearly not stupid, but, alas, a flawed person. He is in hiding, fleeing punishment for robbery, murder and, most importantly, for sexual sacrilege, which brought upon him the wrath of Priapus, a very peculiar ancient Greek god of fertility. (By the time the novel takes place, the cult of this god had flourished in Rome. Phallic motifs are obligatory in images of Priapus: many of his sculptures have survived)

...The bacchanalia of Priapus' admirers - the wild "pranks" of Priapus' harlots... After many adventures, Encolpius, Giton, Ascylt and Agamemnon find themselves at a feast in the house of Trimalchio - a rich freedman, a dense ignoramus who imagines himself to be very educated. He energetically strives to enter the “high society.”

Trimalchio, touched, decided to read out... his will, a detailed description of the future magnificent tombstone and the inscription on it (his own composition, of course) with a detailed listing of his titles and merits. Even more touched by this, he cannot resist making the corresponding speech: “Friends! And slaves are people: they were fed with the same milk as us. And it is not their fault that their fate is bitter. However, by my grace, soon they will drink free water, I am setting them all free in my will. I am now declaring all this so that my servants will love me now just as they will love me when I die.”

... Eumolpus and Encolpius talk about art. Educated people have something to talk about. Meanwhile, the handsome Giton returns from Ascylt to confess to his former “brother” Encolpius. He explains his betrayal by fear of Ascylt: “For he possessed a weapon of such magnitude that the man himself seemed only an appendage to this structure.” A new twist of fate: all three end up on Likh’s ship. But not all of them are greeted equally cordially. However, the old poet restores peace. After which he entertains his companions with the “Tale of the Inconsolable Widow.”

And soon they all end up in Crotona, one of the oldest Greek colonial cities on the southern coast of the Apennine Peninsula. This, by the way, is the only geographical point specifically designated in the text of the novel available to us.

And again a series of love adventures follows, not so much as the misadventures of Encolpius. All his troubles are connected with the already mentioned anger of Priapus.

This first adventure novel in the history of literature has been partially preserved: out of 20 chapters, there are only excerpts of the 15th, 16th and 14th chapters. There is no beginning and no end.

The story is told on behalf of the young man Encolpius. He is not stupid, but he is not flawless. The god Priapus is angry with him, because the youth stole, killed, and also has a couple of sins. With their friends Ascyptus, Giton and Agamemnon, they visited the rich man Lycurgus and had fun, not disdaining “male love.”

At the estate of the shipowner Likh, our hero again commits adultery with the wife of the owner of the house, Dorida. Then the friends had to run away. Encolpius snuck onto the ship and stole the mantle of the statue of Isis, as well as the helmsman's money, and returned to Lycurgus's estate.

No less bacchanalia awaits the heroes in the house of the rich ignoramus Trimalchio. He is polite to guests, but rude to servants, although yesterday he himself was a slave. A sumptuous feast awaits the main character here: a boar with blackbirds, a pig stuffed with sausages, cakes with fountains of saffron. The talk at this feast is about werewolf soldiers and witches stealing the bodies of children from the coffin.

After a sumptuous dinner, the boys rubbed the legs of those lying in perfume and entangled them with flower garlands. Here guests were entertained by dancers, acrobats and magicians. Trimalchio could not resist and read out his pretentious will, commenting on what the tombstone would be like.

Among the adventures of Encolpius is a visit to the Pinakothek (art gallery), where, in addition to admiring the paintings of Hellenic painters, the hero meets the poet Eumolpus, who constantly speaks in verse. Their friendship is long lasting. They often have intelligent conversations.

After Encolpius, his handsome friend Giton and the poet find themselves on Lich's ship, the poet, in order to entertain his companions, tells a story about an inconsolable widow. The Ephesian beauty, after her husband died, also decided to die in the crypt next to his corpse from hunger. But a soldier accidentally saw her and brought her food, and then convinced her that it was too early for her to die. While the soldier spent his nights in the arms of the widow, relatives stole and buried the body of the crucified man, which the soldier was guarding. To prevent the soldier from being punished, the widow helped hang the body of her dead husband on the cross. Passers-by were surprised how the dead man was nailed to the cross.

When a storm arose at sea, Likh died. Everyone else escaped, after which they spent a restless night in the fisherman's hut.

Soon all the heroes ended up in Croton (an old Greek colony city). Young people are accustomed to a comfortable and carefree life, so they have prepared a new adventure. According to the invented plan, Eumolpus must impersonate a rich man who is thinking about who to leave all his treasures to. This gave the friends the favor of the townspeople, who happily gave money, hoping for a part of the inheritance. A whole competition was organized for the favor of adventurers.

The following describes the love misadventures of Eumolpus. The Crotonians see the light and are very angry with the deceivers. They are preparing a worthy reprisal. Encolpius and Giton fled from the city, leaving Eumolpus. The old poet had a long-standing custom, according to which, in case of some illness in the city, everyone chose a “scapegoat”, kept him for a year and fed him well at the expense of the community, and then made a sacrifice out of him - threw him from a high cliff. Such a fate awaited the poet Eumolpus.

When one of the respected New York publications asked this science fiction writer a question about why humanity has not yet made contact with other worlds, the answer was sharp and unexpected.

“Yes, because we are idiots!” Ray Bradbury answered the dumbfounded journalist. What brought out the patience of a man who can rightfully be called the first anti-globalist even before the appearance of this political movement in the world? The reason, according to the classic, is the inferiority of the vector of the modern scientific and technological revolution. The writer with all his works appeals to humanity, proving with their plots that a soulless technocratic society has no future.

Partly, however, the story “Smile” by Bradbury answers this question allegorically. A summary of the work, written in the style of symbolism, is the subject of consideration in this article.

A story that characterizes the entire work of the great American

He had something to tell people. Bradbury's story "Smile" is no exception. The summary of this work cannot be expressed in one or two phrases, since the classic wrote it highly artistically. This story makes readers think...

The author of the work, whose depth of thoughts amazed many politicians, extremely carefully studied and listened to all the creations of scientific and technological revolution and gave such a deep characterization of their expediency that even scientists were surprised...

Some connoisseurs of his talent argue that Ray Bradbury is not a random guest in this world. His intuition was extraordinary. He had someone to inherit the gift from. According to family legends, his ancestor Mary Bradbury was once burned at the stake.

Perhaps he was given the ability to grasp a lot of things with his mind, and he carried with him a special mission of warning humanity. The story “Smile” (Bradbury) is no exception. The summary immerses the reader in the post-information, post-war era.

Laconism is a feature of Bradbury's creative style

A true master of the pen, Bradbury, with just one phrase, a short fragment, emphasizes to the reader what can be expressed in paragraphs and pages. His entire story fits on only three pages of printed text (there is nothing to shorten), and at the same time it carries such a semantic load that would fit the whole story. This creative manner puts those who compose summaries of his works in an extremely uncomfortable position.

Ray Bradbury, “Smile”... Once fans of his work hear this, they will imagine a completely destroyed urban and industrial infrastructure, people living according to the laws of the primitive communal system, and subsistence farming. The cowardly police look a little strange in such a city.

The hopelessness of human existence

People who have voluntarily chosen animal life do not care what year they live in: 2061 or 3000. Each new day is like a twin, similar to the previous and the next. Through hard peasant labor they earn money. “Smile” (Bradbury) tells readers about them, who voluntarily found themselves outside of time, feeling themselves in emptiness, in hopelessness. an important author's idea: they hate a civilization destroyed by war, which has brought them only troubles.

Hidden in this capacious thesis is the key to explaining all the terrible life. Their clothes are made of burlap, their hands are covered with chicks, they work hard, growing their own food in the gardens.

However, this is only the surroundings of the story, a statement of post-apocalyptic reality. Another thing is surprising: civilization is not fundamentally restored by them. On the contrary, we learn from the story that the residents themselves, of their own free will, discovered a plant that was “trying to produce airplanes” and destroyed it. The same fate befell the printing house and the discovered ammunition depot.

The frenzied townspeople and the surviving cars attack, destroying and destroying them.

Degradation of people

Ray Bradbury (“Smile”) talks about this phenomenon, generated by their traumatized consciousness destroyed by civilization.

They live as if by inertia, however, market days and “holidays” bring some revival into their existence. They are waiting for them.

Lean market days

Bradbury writes practically nothing about market days in the story (“Smile”). Analysis of the story, however, gives reason to believe that market trade in the poor city is also very pathetic. The reader comes to this conclusion based on the description of the street sale of coffee. This is a primitive ersatz made from some kind of berries. It is cooked over a fire in a rusty saucepan; the boiling brew looks disgusting. However, judging by the author’s remark, “few people can afford this drink.” This gives us the opportunity to reason that the inhabitants are poor enough for trade to be meaningful.

Wild holidays

Having examined the market days, let’s move on to the “holidays,” the action of which is more substantively described by R. Bradbury (“Smile”). The summary of the story tells that for people who survived the war, this word does not mean the usual, restorative rest.

“Holidays” in the destroyed city are organized to stir up all the worst that is in them. People "have fun" by burning books, smashing the remaining cars, destroying and destroying everything around them. The picture of this Sabbath seems even more vivid, even uglier because Ray Bradbury (“Smile”) uses dispassionate, everyday language to describe it. The summary of the story contains descriptions of demoralized, lumpen people who have forgotten how to love the world around them, their city. The original hatred, the object of which was the circumstances that ruined their lives, spread to everything around them.

Spark of hope

Most of them are simple. However, in a conversation between passerby Grigsby and his friend, there is suddenly a glimmer of hope. Without her, who later found the subject of its implementation, the story “Smile” by Bradbury might not have become a world classic. The summary of the work, presenting the buildings hitherto destroyed by the war, the pavement disfigured by bombs, takes on a different meaning from the phrase dropped by the nameless interlocutor of the above-mentioned Grigsby.

Under the protective mask of indifference (so as not to stand out) and vulgarity, the movement of this person’s soul is felt. He really hasn't lost hope. The man believes in the coming appearance of a brilliant man who will be able to “patch up” everything that has been destroyed. But the new civilization, in his opinion, should not repeat the mistakes of the previous civilization. Its bearer must have a sense of beauty in order to subsequently harmoniously develop society.

And this man, the future creator of a new civilization, is truly presented to us by “Smile,” a story by Ray Bradbury. A brief summary of the work shows that this long-awaited light is, in essence, a child. But at first this is still unknown even to him.

A saved smile is the beginning of a new civilization

The ragged boy Tom woke up in the morning to get in line for the holiday. The “fun” given to the crowd consisted of the execution of the painting. The Mona Lisa of the great Leonardo da Vinci was to become a victim of barbarity. To inflame the crowd, they first started a rumor that the picture was fake.

The masterpiece was fenced with a rope stretched across four brass posts. At first, the line passed by, and everyone spat into the linen. However, when Tom's turn came, he stopped dead in his tracks in front of the canvas. “She’s beautiful!” was all the boy could say. But he was pushed away, and the line took its course. The mounted policeman then announced that the painting would be destroyed.

Ray Douglas Bradbury (“Smile”) tells about the demonic behavior of the crowd overjoyed by such news. The summary of the story contains a terrible scene of reprisals against the canvas. Even the police fled, frightened by the wave of hatred unleashed. Tom felt the crowd pushing him straight onto the frame, and managed to grab a piece of canvas before kicks and pushes threw him away.

Instead of a conclusion

It was already evening. Holding the scrap tightly in his hand, he ran home. He lived in a suburban village, in a ruined farm building near In the dark, he slipped into the ruined farm building where his family settled, squeezed through the narrow door and lay down next to his brother. He jokingly kicked him, since the day before he had worked in the garden all day. Father and mother grumbled something and fell asleep. When the moon rose and its light fell on the blanket, Tom unclenched his fist, which he had hitherto held pressed to his chest, and carefully examined the scrap of linen. The smile of Gioconda was visible on it...

The boy smiled back and hid it. Now his new life was illuminated by a kind, affectionate, eternal and unique smile. And the whole world seemed to fall silent around him... Bradbury's story "Smile" ends on this peaceful scene. His reader's analysis and conclusions are truly humanistic and profound. This is real literature.

Writers smile

Magazine " Satyricon». Teffi, O. Dymov, A. Averchenko. « General history, processed by Satyricon (excerpts). Satirical depiction of historical events. Techniques and ways of creating a satirical narrative. An ironic narrative about the past, characterizing the attitude towards modernity.

M. Zoshchenko. « Disease history »; Teffi. "Life and collar " For independent reading.

Mikhail Andreevich Osorgin. A short story about the writer.

"Pince-nez " A combination of fantasy and reality in the story. Little things in everyday life and their psychological content. For independent reading.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky. A short story about the writer.

"Vasily Terkin " The life of the people at the sharp turns and turns of history in the works of the poet. Poetic encyclopedia of the Great Patriotic War. The theme of service to the Motherland.

The innovative character of Vasily Terkin is a combination of the traits of a peasant and the convictions of a citizen, a defender of his native country. Pictures of the life of a warring people. The realistic truth about the war in the poem. Humor. The language of the poem. The connection between folklore and literature. Composition of the poem. Perception of the poem by front-line readers. Evaluation of the poem in literary criticism.

Literary theory. Folklore and literature (development of the concept). Author's digressions as an element of composition (initial presentations).

Andrey Platonovich Platonov. A short story about the writer's life.

« Return". Affirmation of kindness, compassion, humanism in the souls of soldiers returning from war. An image of the quiet heroism of home front workers. Moral issues of the story.

Poems and songs about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945

Traditions in the depiction of the military exploits of the people and military everyday life. The heroism of soldiers defending their homeland (E. Vinokurov. “Muscovites”; M. Isakovsky. “Katyusha”, “Enemies burned their home”; B. Okudzhava. “Song about the infantry”, “Birds don’t sing here...”; A. Fatyanov, “Nightingales”; L. Oshanin, “Roads”; V. Vysotsky, “Song of the Earth”, etc.). Lyrical and heroic songs during the Great Patriotic War. Their inviting and inspiring character. Expression in a lyrical song of the innermost feelings and experiences of each soldier.

Viktor Petrovich Astafiev. A short story about the writer.

"A photograph that doesn't include me." Autobiographical nature of the story. Reflection of wartime. Dreams and reality of military childhood. A friendly atmosphere that unites village residents.

Literary theory. Hero-narrator (development of ideas).

Russian poets about the Motherland, native nature

I. Annensky. "Snow"; D. Merezhkovsky. “Native”, “No sounds needed”; N. Zabolotsky. “Evening on the Oka”, “Give me a corner, starling...”; N.Rubtsov. “In the evenings”, “Meeting”, “Hello, Russia...”.

Poets of the Russian Diaspora about the Motherland they left behind. N.Otsup. “It’s difficult for me without Russia...” (excerpt); Z. Gippius. “Know!”, “it is so”; Don Aminado. "Indian summer"; I. Bunin. “The bird has a nest...” General and individual in the works of Russian poets.

FROM FOREIGN LITERATURE

William Shakespeare. A short story about the writer.

"Romeo and Juliet " Family feud and love of heroes. Romeo and Juliet are a symbol of love and sacrifice. "Eternal problems" in the works of Shakespeare.

Literary theory. Conflict as the basis of the plot of a dramatic work.

Sonnets - “Who boasts of his kinship with the nobility...”, “Alas, my verse does not shine with novelty...”.

In the strict form of sonnets there is a living thought, genuine ardent feelings. The poet's praise of love and friendship. Shakespeare's plots are “the richest treasury of lyric poetry” (V.G. Belinsky).

Literary theory. The sonnet as a form of lyric poetry.

Jean Baptiste Moliere. A word about Moliere.

"The tradesman in the nobility "(review with reading of individual scenes). The 17th century is the era of the heyday of classicism in the art of France. Moliere is a great comedian of the classic era. "The Bourgeois in the Nobility" is a satire on the nobility and the ignorant bourgeois. Features of classicism in comedy. Moliere's comedic skills. Folk origins of Moliere's laughter. The universal meaning of comedy.

Literary theory. Classicism. Satire (development of concepts).

Jonathan Swift. A short story about the writer.

« Gulliver's Travels " Satire on government and society. Grotesque nature of the image.

Walter Scott. A short story about the writer.

« Ivanhoe " Historical novel. Medieval England in the novel. Main characters and events. A story depicted in a “homely way”: the thoughts and feelings of the characters, conveyed through the prism of home life, furnishings, family foundations and relationships.

This story, processed by "" Teffi, O. Dymov, A. Averchenko.

works with documentary biographical (memoirs, memoirs, diaries).

Lesson-thematic plan

№ lesson	Name of the section and topic of the lesson.	Qty hours total	Practical and laboratory work.	Test papers.	Notes
	Literature and history. Historicism of the works of classics of Russian literature.
	Folklore. Expression of people's life in lyrical songs.
	Historical songs. Features of the artistic form of folklore works
	Legends as a historical genre of Russian folk prose. "About Pugachev." "On the conquest of Siberia by Ermak."
	Hagiographic literature as a special genre of ancient Russian literature. “The Life of Alexander Nevsky” (fragments).
	“The Shemyakin Court” as a satirical work of the 17th century.
	The concept of sentimentalism.
	N. M. Karamzin. "Natalia, boyar's daughter"
	I. A. Krylov. A word about the fabulist. Satirical depiction of human and social vices
	I.A. Krylov is a poet and sage. The versatility of the fabulist's personality.
	K. F. Ryleev. A word about the poet. Dumas of K. F. Ryleev.
	“Man and history in folklore, ancient Russian literature and literature of the 17th-18th centuries” (using the example of 1-2 works)
	A.S. Pushkin. A word about the poet. Subjects of lyrical works. Features of poetic form
	A.S. Pushkin and history. Historical theme in the works of A.S. Pushkin
	A.S. Pushkin. “The History of Pugachev” (excerpts).
	A.S. Pushkin. "Captain's daughter". History of the creation of the work. Heroes and their historical prototypes.
	Grinev: the life path of a hero. Moral assessment of his personality.
	Grinev and Shvabrin. Grinev and Savelich
	Family of Captain Mironov. Masha Mironova - Pushkin's moral ideal
	Pugachev and the popular uprising in the novel and historical work of Pushkin. Popular uprising in the author's assessment.
	Humanism and historicism A.S. Pushkin in the novel “The Captain's Daughter”.
	Historical truth and fiction.
	Features of the composition. Folklore motives.
	RR Preparation for an essay based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”.
	Test work on the works of A.S. Pushkin.
	A.S. Pushkin. "The Queen of Spades" (review). The problem of man and fate.
	M. Yu. Lermontov. A word about the poet. The embodiment of historical themes in creativity.
	M.Yu. Lermontov. "Mtsyri". Romantic-conventional historicism of the poem
	Features of the composition of the poem "Mtsyri". Development of ideas about the genre of romantic poem
	The role of descriptions of nature in the poem. Analysis of an episode from the poem "Mtsyri".
	RR Preparation for an essay based on M.Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri” with the choice of topic.
	N.V. Gogol. A word about the writer. His relationship to history and historical themes in artistic creativity.
	N.V. Gogol. “The Inspector General” as a social comedy “with anger and salt.”
	Exposing the vices of officialdom in the play. Development of ideas about comedy, satire and humor
	Techniques for satirical depiction of officials.
	Khlestakov. The concept of mirage intrigue.
	Khlestakovism as a moral phenomenon.
	Features of the compositional structure of comedy. Silent scene.
	PP Preparing for homework based on N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” with a choice of theme.
	N.V. Gogol. "Overcoat". The image of a little man in literature.
	I. S. Turgenev. Personality, destiny, creativity. The autobiographical nature of the story "Asya".
	A love story as the basis of a story's plot. The image of the hero - the narrator.
	Mastery of landscape sketches.
	"Turgenev's" girl in the story. Image of Asya.
	Psychologism and lyricism of the writer
	M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. A word about the writer, “The History of a City” (review)
	Artistic and political satire on social order. Means of creating the comic in a work.
	Test work on the creativity of M.Yu. Lermontova, N.V. Gogol, I.S. Turgeneva, M.E. Saltykova-Shchedrin
	N.S. Leskov. A word about the writer. Moral problems of the story “Old Genius”.
	Development of the concept of story. Artistic detail as a means of creating an artistic image
	L.N. Tolstoy. A word about the writer. Social and moral problems in the story “After the Ball.”
	Mastery of L.N. Tolstoy in the story “After the Ball.” Features of the composition. Antithesis. Psychologism of the story
	Moral problems of the story by L.N. Tolstoy's "Adolescence". (review)
	A.P. Chekhov. A word about the writer. The story “About Love” is like a story about lost happiness.
	Story by A.P. Chekhov's "Joke". Love in a story.
	True and false in human relations.
	I.A Bunin. A word about the writer. The problem of the story "Caucasus".
	The skill of Bunin - prose writer
	A.I. Kuprin. A word about the writer. Moral problems of the story “The Lilac Bush”
	A.M. Gorky. A word about the writer. The story "Chelkash".
	“The appearance of a tramp” in the writer’s work. Heroes and their destinies. The author's idea of happiness
	Lesson – debate “What does it mean to be happy?”
	RR Preparation for homework based on the stories of N.S. Leskova, L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhova, I.A. Bunina, A.I. Kuprina, A.M. Gorky
	A.A. Block. A word about the poet. Historical theme in his work. "Russia". The image of Russia and its history.
	The image of the Motherland in the lyrical cycle of A.A. Blok "On the Kulikovo Field".
	S.A. Yesenin. A word about the poet. “Pugachev” is a poem on a historical theme.
	Lesson - conference. The image of Pugachev in folklore, the works of A.S. Pushkin and S.A. Yesenina.
	PP Preparing for homework
	M.A Osorgin. A word about the writer. The story "Pince-nez".
	The combination of reality and fantasy in the story "Pince-nez"
	I.S. Shmelev. A word about the writer. “How I Became a Writer” - a memoir about the path to creativity.
	"The Lord's Summer" (review)
	Test work on the creativity of A.M. Gorky, A.A. Bloka, S.A. Yesenina, M.A. Osorgina, I. S. Shmeleva
	Magazine "Satyricon". General history, processed by Satyricon (excerpts). Satirical depiction of historical events.
	An ironic story about the past and present. Taffy (N.A. Lokhvitskaya). “Life and collar.
	MM. Zoshchenko. "Disease history"
	A.T Tvardovsky. A word about the poet. Poem "Vasily Terkin".
	Pictures of front-line life in the poem.
	Vasily Terkin is the defender of his native country. The innovative character of Vasily Terkin's image.
	Composition and language of the poem “Vasily Terkin”.
	A.P. Platonov. A word about the writer. Pictures of war and peaceful life in the story “Return”.
	Moral issues and humanism of the story “Return”.
	RR Lesson - concert. Poems and songs about the Great Patriotic War.
	V.P. Astafiev. A word about the writer. Problems in the story “The Photograph I’m Not in.”
	Reflection of wartime in the story. Development of ideas about the hero-narrator
	RR Class essay “The Great Patriotic War in the works of writers of the 20th century”
	Russian poets about the Motherland, native nature.
	Poets of the Russian Diaspora about the Motherland they left behind.
	W. Shakespeare. A word about the writer. "Romeo and Juliet". A duel of family feud and love.
	Conflict as the basis of the plot of a dramatic work.
	The sonnet as a form of lyric poetry. Sonnets by W. Shakespeare.
	J.-B. Moliere. "The Bourgeois in the Nobility" (scenes). A satire on the nobility and the ignorant bourgeois.
	Features of classicism in Moliere's comedy. The universal meaning of comedy.
	J. Swift. A word about the writer.
	"Gulliver's Travels" as a satire on the polity of society
	Walter Scott. A word about the writer. "Ivanhoe" as a historical novel (review)
	Repetition and generalization of what was learned during the 8th grade course.
	Annual test on what was studied in 8th grade.
	Final lesson. We read in the summer.

Requirements for the level of student preparation

As a result of studying literature, the student should know:

memorize poetic texts and fragments of prose texts that are subject to compulsory study (optional);

basic facts of the life and creative path of classical writers;

historical and cultural context of the works being studied;

basic theoretical and literary concepts;

work with a book (find the necessary information, highlight the main thing, compare fragments, draw up abstracts and a plan for what you read, highlighting the semantic parts);

determine whether a work of art belongs to one of the literary types and genres;

express your attitude to what you read;

compare literary works;

highlight and formulate the theme, idea, problems of the studied work; characterize heroes, compare heroes of one or more works;

characterize the features of the plot, composition, the role of visual and expressive means;

master various types of retelling;

construct oral and written statements in connection with the studied work;

participate in a dialogue on the works you read, understand other people’s points of view and argue your own;

write summaries with elements of an essay, reviews of independently read works, essays.

Types and forms of control.

Types of control:

- intermediate: retelling (detailed, condensed, selective, artistic, with a change of face), expressive reading, including by heart. A detailed answer to a question, quiz, analysis of an episode, analysis of a poem, commenting on a literary text, characterization of a literary character, note-taking (fragments of a critical article, teacher lectures, textbook articles), an essay on a literary topic, a message on literary and historical-literary topics, project presentations

- final: analysis of a poem, a detailed answer to a problematic question, literary ring, completing tasks in test form.

Forms of control:

An essay on a proposed topic or a topic of your choice

Test tasks

Text analysis (poetry, prose)

Reading by heart

Educational and methodological support.

Textbooks	Tutorials	Methodical manuals
Korovina V.Ya., Zhuravlev V.P., I., Korovin V.I.. Literature: 8th grade: Educational anthology: in 2 hours. M.: Enlightenment, 2008.	Korovina V.Ya., Zhuravlev V.P., Korovin V.I. Reading, thinking, arguing...: 8th grade. - M.: Education, 2004	working program compiled on basis programs"Physics and Astronomy" for... note. 8th grade Data working program compiled on basis programs"Physics and Astronomy" for general education... Work program “Music” explanatory note the work program is based on the “Music” program Working programm A NOTE Working program compiled on basis programs“Music” edited by Sergeeva G.P. and Kritskaya E.D. for grades 5-7 of general education institutions. On basis programs ... Work program History of the Ancient World, grade 5, basic level. The work program is based on the program Working programm Class, basic level. Working program compiled on basis programs ___________________________________________________________ Compiled by Kolomeets L.V. ... 68 24 40 Program compiled on basis Approximate programs basic general education... The work program is compiled on the basis of N. G. Goltsova’s Program for the textbook “Russian Language. 10-11 grades." Working programm 10 - 11 CL. Explanatory note Working program compiled on basis Programs Goltsova N.G. to the textbook “Russian language.10 ... languages in grades 10-11. on basic level. Program Goltsova N.G. corresponds to the federal component...

The work was done by Victoria Pimenova, a student of grade 8 “B” of MBOU Secondary School No. 22 named after Hero of Russia V. E. Edamenko, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar Territory Teacher - Grashchenkova A. M. Writers smile Satyricon Magazine. Note: navigation from the 2nd slide via control buttons and hyperlinks. Slides Accompaniment Slide 1. Title Slide 2. Satyricon magazine is an amazing publication, published in St. Petersburg from 1908 to 1913. The name is in honor of the ancient novel. (history of ancient times up to the 19th century through the eyes of satirical writers.) In this magazine, writers turned to the past and ridiculed modernity, drawing parallels between them. Talented writers Sasha Cherny, Teffi, O. Dymov, A. I. Kuprin, A. N. Tolstoy collaborated in the magazine. The officials did not like the satire of the authors, but the readers rejoiced at each magazine, it continued to be published. Slide 3. “General History” Slide with hyperlinks (go to slides 4,5,6,7 and back).

The work was carried out by Victoria Pimenova, a student of grade 8 “B” of MBOU Secondary School No. 22 named after Hero of Russia V. E. Edamenko, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar Territory Teacher - Grashchenkova A. M. Slide 4. Teffi (real name Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya) - Russian writer, poetess, translator, author of famous stories. She was known for her satirical poems. Author of the section “Ancient History”. Ancient history is a humorous parody of serious historical events (antiquity) written in a cheerful and relaxed language, divided into parts: Sparta, Raising children, Athens, etc. Slide 5. Osip Dymov (real name Joseph Perelman) Russian and Jewish writer. Graduated from the Forestry Institute of St. Petersburg. Since 1892, he was an employee of a number of magazines, including Theater and Art, Signal, Satyricon, and Apollo. Author of the section “Middle History” Middle History is a satirical parody of events that took place in the Middle Ages. The section is divided into three main parts, which were united by the idea of eternal war; by this, the author emphasized that the Middle Ages were a time of endless wars. Slide 6. Arkady Averchenko - Russian writer, satirist, theater critic. I did not receive any primary education, since due to poor eyesight I could not study for long. But the lack of education was compensated over time by natural intelligence. Author of the section “New History” New History is a description of history (after the Middle Ages) from a satirical point of view. The main idea is that a person becomes smarter, more cultured, an interest in discoveries appears, but, unfortunately, this happens slowly, in tiny steps.) Slide 7. O. L. D’Or (Joseph Lvovich Orsher) - Russian writer, journalist. Born in 1878 in the Poltava region. He began publishing in 1893 in St. Petersburg newspapers and magazines, but his fame was brought to him by stories, feuilletons and parodies published in Satyricon. Author of the section “Russian History” (Russian History is a comic description of Russian history, starting with the Slavs and ending with the victory of the Russian army in the war with France.)

The work was completed by Victoria Pimenova, a student of grade 8 “B” at MBOU Secondary School No. 22 named after Hero of Russia V. E. Edamenko, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar Territory Teacher - A. M. Grashchenkova Slide 8. Resources.

Brief retelling of the story, the writers smile. Pimenova V. Writers smile. Escort. The hopelessness of human existence

"Satyricon"

A story that characterizes the entire work of the great American

Laconism is a feature of Bradbury's creative style

The hopelessness of human existence

Degradation of people

Lean market days

Wild holidays

Spark of hope

A saved smile is the beginning of a new civilization

Instead of a conclusion

Work program “Music” explanatory note the work program is based on the “Music” program

Work program History of the Ancient World, grade 5, basic level. The work program is based on the program

The work program is compiled on the basis of N. G. Goltsova’s Program for the textbook “Russian Language. 10-11 grades."

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